CA2096034A1 - Horizontal Well Gravity Drainage Combustion Process for Oil Recovery - Google Patents

Horizontal Well Gravity Drainage Combustion Process for Oil Recovery

Info

Publication number
CA2096034A1
CA2096034A1 CA2096034A CA2096034A CA2096034A1 CA 2096034 A1 CA2096034 A1 CA 2096034A1 CA 2096034 A CA2096034 A CA 2096034A CA 2096034 A CA2096034 A CA 2096034A CA 2096034 A1 CA2096034 A1 CA 2096034A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
reservoir
wells
combustion
injection wells
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA2096034A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2096034C (en
Inventor
Kenneth Edwin Kisman
Ben Ifeanyi Nzekwu
Edmund Chuen-Hing Lau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALBERTA INNOVATES - ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SOLUTIONS
Original Assignee
Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority filed Critical Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority
Priority to CA002096034A priority Critical patent/CA2096034C/en
Priority to US08/189,966 priority patent/US5456315A/en
Publication of CA2096034A1 publication Critical patent/CA2096034A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2096034C publication Critical patent/CA2096034C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
    • E21B43/247—Combustion in situ in association with fracturing processes or crevice forming processes

Abstract

An in-situ combustion method is provided for the recovery of viscous oil from an oil-bearing reservoir. A linear array of vertical air injection wells is drilled into the reservoir; the wells are completed in the upper portion of the reservoir. One or more gas production wells are provided, remote from the row of injection wells, said gas production wells also being completed in the upper portion of the reservoir. A horizontal oil production well is completed in the bottom portion of the reservoir, aligned with and positioned in spaced relation beneath the vertical injection wells. The reservoir is prepared for ignition and combustion is initiated at each of the injection wells. A hot fluid-transmissive chamber is formed around each of the injection wells as combustion proceeds. Combustion gas communication is established with the gas production wells.
Heated oil and water, produced by the combustion front in each hot chamber, drains under the effect of gravity and is produced from the horizontal production well. The main features of the process are the implementation of gravity drainage to a basal horizontal well in a combustion process and the splitting of liquid and gas production.
CA002096034A 1993-05-07 1993-05-07 Horizontal well gravity drainage combustion process for oil recovery Expired - Lifetime CA2096034C (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002096034A CA2096034C (en) 1993-05-07 1993-05-07 Horizontal well gravity drainage combustion process for oil recovery
US08/189,966 US5456315A (en) 1993-05-07 1994-02-01 Horizontal well gravity drainage combustion process for oil recovery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002096034A CA2096034C (en) 1993-05-07 1993-05-07 Horizontal well gravity drainage combustion process for oil recovery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2096034A1 true CA2096034A1 (en) 1994-11-08
CA2096034C CA2096034C (en) 1996-07-02

Family

ID=4151626

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002096034A Expired - Lifetime CA2096034C (en) 1993-05-07 1993-05-07 Horizontal well gravity drainage combustion process for oil recovery

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US5456315A (en)
CA (1) CA2096034C (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6257334B1 (en) 1999-07-22 2001-07-10 Alberta Oil Sands Technology And Research Authority Steam-assisted gravity drainage heavy oil recovery process
US7740062B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2010-06-22 Alberta Research Council Inc. System and method for the recovery of hydrocarbons by in-situ combustion
US8176980B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2012-05-15 Fccl Partnership Method of gas-cap air injection for thermal oil recovery
WO2013134864A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Sunshine Oilsands Ltd. Fully controlled combustion assisted gravity drainage process
US9284827B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2016-03-15 Cenovus Energy Inc. Hydrocarbon recovery facilitated by in situ combustion
US9562424B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2017-02-07 Cenovus Energy Inc. Waste heat recovery from depleted reservoir
US9738837B2 (en) 2013-05-13 2017-08-22 Cenovus Energy, Inc. Process and system for treating oil sands produced gases and liquids
CN116044368A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-05-02 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 Curve directional drilling geological exploration drilling layout method

Families Citing this family (78)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5626191A (en) * 1995-06-23 1997-05-06 Petroleum Recovery Institute Oilfield in-situ combustion process
US6729394B1 (en) * 1997-05-01 2004-05-04 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Method of producing a communicating horizontal well network
US7096953B2 (en) * 2000-04-24 2006-08-29 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using a movable heating element
US6752210B2 (en) 2000-04-24 2004-06-22 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing of a coal formation using heat sources positioned within open wellbores
CA2325777C (en) 2000-11-10 2003-05-27 Imperial Oil Resources Limited Combined steam and vapor extraction process (savex) for in situ bitumen and heavy oil production
CA2342955C (en) 2001-04-04 2005-06-14 Roland P. Leaute Liquid addition to steam for enhancing recovery of cyclic steam stimulation or laser-css
US6964300B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2005-11-15 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal recovery from a relatively permeable formation with backproduction through a heater wellbore
US7051811B2 (en) * 2001-04-24 2006-05-30 Shell Oil Company In situ thermal processing through an open wellbore in an oil shale formation
CA2349234C (en) 2001-05-31 2004-12-14 Imperial Oil Resources Limited Cyclic solvent process for in-situ bitumen and heavy oil production
US7100994B2 (en) 2001-10-24 2006-09-05 Shell Oil Company Producing hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon containing materials when treating a hydrocarbon containing formation
EA009586B1 (en) 2002-10-24 2008-02-28 Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. Temperature limited heaters for heating subsurface formations or wellbores
NZ543753A (en) * 2003-04-24 2008-11-28 Shell Int Research Thermal processes for subsurface formations
US7073577B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2006-07-11 Applied Geotech, Inc. Array of wells with connected permeable zones for hydrocarbon recovery
CA2462359C (en) 2004-03-24 2011-05-17 Imperial Oil Resources Limited Process for in situ recovery of bitumen and heavy oil
AU2005236490B2 (en) 2004-04-23 2009-01-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Subsurface electrical heaters using nitride insulation
CN1993534B (en) * 2004-06-07 2011-10-12 阿克恩科技有限公司 Oilfield enhanced in situ combustion process
US7493952B2 (en) * 2004-06-07 2009-02-24 Archon Technologies Ltd. Oilfield enhanced in situ combustion process
CA2492306A1 (en) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-13 Encana In situ combustion following primary recovery processes utilizing horizontal well pairs in oil sands and heavy oil reservoirs
US7435037B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2008-10-14 Shell Oil Company Low temperature barriers with heat interceptor wells for in situ processes
US7591310B2 (en) 2005-10-24 2009-09-22 Shell Oil Company Methods of hydrotreating a liquid stream to remove clogging compounds
US7581587B2 (en) * 2006-01-03 2009-09-01 Precision Combustion, Inc. Method for in-situ combustion of in-place oils
US8167036B2 (en) * 2006-01-03 2012-05-01 Precision Combustion, Inc. Method for in-situ combustion of in-place oils
US7809538B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2010-10-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Real time monitoring and control of thermal recovery operations for heavy oil reservoirs
US20090044940A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2009-02-19 Pfefferle William C Method for CAGD recovery of heavy oil
US20070187093A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Pfefferle William C Method for recovery of stranded oil
CA2649379C (en) 2006-04-21 2016-08-23 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Heating systems and methods using high strength alloys
US7770643B2 (en) 2006-10-10 2010-08-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Hydrocarbon recovery using fluids
US7832482B2 (en) 2006-10-10 2010-11-16 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Producing resources using steam injection
WO2008051831A2 (en) 2006-10-20 2008-05-02 Shell Oil Company Heating hydrocarbon containing formations in a line drive staged process
WO2008131177A1 (en) 2007-04-20 2008-10-30 Shell Oil Company In situ heat treatment of a tar sands formation after drive process treatment
US8536497B2 (en) 2007-10-19 2013-09-17 Shell Oil Company Methods for forming long subsurface heaters
US7841404B2 (en) * 2008-02-13 2010-11-30 Archon Technologies Ltd. Modified process for hydrocarbon recovery using in situ combustion
CA2718767C (en) 2008-04-18 2016-09-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Using mines and tunnels for treating subsurface hydrocarbon containing formations
US8127842B2 (en) * 2008-08-12 2012-03-06 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Bitumen production method
US20100155070A1 (en) 2008-10-13 2010-06-24 Augustinus Wilhelmus Maria Roes Organonitrogen compounds used in treating hydrocarbon containing formations
US7793720B2 (en) * 2008-12-04 2010-09-14 Conocophillips Company Producer well lugging for in situ combustion processes
US8132620B2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2012-03-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Triangle air injection and ignition extraction method and system
CA2692885C (en) * 2009-02-19 2016-04-12 Conocophillips Company In situ combustion processes and configurations using injection and production wells
US8327932B2 (en) 2009-04-10 2012-12-11 Shell Oil Company Recovering energy from a subsurface formation
CA2709241C (en) * 2009-07-17 2015-11-10 Conocophillips Company In situ combustion with multiple staged producers
CA2678347C (en) * 2009-09-11 2010-09-21 Excelsior Energy Limited System and method for enhanced oil recovery from combustion overhead gravity drainage processes
CA2698454C (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-11-29 Archon Technologies Ltd. Improved in-situ combustion recovery process using single horizontal well to produce oil and combustion gases to surface
US8631866B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-01-21 Shell Oil Company Leak detection in circulated fluid systems for heating subsurface formations
US9033042B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2015-05-19 Shell Oil Company Forming bitumen barriers in subsurface hydrocarbon formations
US8701769B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-04-22 Shell Oil Company Methods for treating hydrocarbon formations based on geology
US8875788B2 (en) 2010-04-09 2014-11-04 Shell Oil Company Low temperature inductive heating of subsurface formations
MX2011004735A (en) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-10 Resource Innovations Inc Thermal mobilization of heavy hydrocarbon deposits.
GB2481594B (en) 2010-06-28 2015-10-28 Statoil Petroleum As A method of recovering a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation
GB201100549D0 (en) 2011-01-13 2011-03-02 Statoil Canada Ltd Process for the recovery of heavy oil and bitumen in situ combustion
US9016370B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2015-04-28 Shell Oil Company Partial solution mining of hydrocarbon containing layers prior to in situ heat treatment
US9551207B2 (en) 2011-05-19 2017-01-24 Jason Swist Pressure assisted oil recovery
US9803456B2 (en) 2011-07-13 2017-10-31 Nexen Energy Ulc SAGDOX geometry for impaired bitumen reservoirs
US9328592B2 (en) 2011-07-13 2016-05-03 Nexen Energy Ulc Steam anti-coning/cresting technology ( SACT) remediation process
BR112014000692A2 (en) 2011-07-13 2017-02-14 Nexen Energy Ulc in situ combustion hydrocarbon recovery and separate steam and oxygen injection
WO2013052561A2 (en) 2011-10-07 2013-04-11 Shell Oil Company Thermal expansion accommodation for circulated fluid systems used to heat subsurface formations
CA2791323A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-21 Nexen Inc. Steam assisted gravity drainage processes with the addition of oxygen addition
CN104011331B (en) 2011-10-21 2017-09-01 尼克森能源无限责任公司 With the SAGD method of oxygenation
CN102392626A (en) * 2011-10-25 2012-03-28 联合石油天然气投资有限公司 Method for exploiting thick-layer heavy oil reservoir by in situ combustion assisted gravity drainage
CA2898956A1 (en) 2012-01-23 2013-08-01 Genie Ip B.V. Heater pattern for in situ thermal processing of a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation
CA2862463A1 (en) 2012-01-23 2013-08-01 Genie Ip B.V. Heater pattern for in situ thermal processing of a subsurface hydrocarbon containing formation
US10718193B2 (en) 2012-08-28 2020-07-21 Conocophillips Company In situ combustion for steam recovery infill
US10030491B2 (en) * 2013-11-15 2018-07-24 Nexen Energy Ulc Method for increasing gas recovery in fractures proximate fracture treated wellbores
CN103953321B (en) * 2014-04-02 2016-08-31 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Inclined shaft combustion in situ continuous pipe electric ignition tubing string and ignition method
CN104265249B (en) * 2014-09-03 2017-10-20 北京普新石油技术开发有限公司 A kind of combustion in situ huff and puff oil recovery method
CN104453821B (en) * 2014-11-10 2017-02-01 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 In-situ combustion layered ignition method
CN104481485B (en) * 2014-11-10 2017-02-01 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Layered ignition device for in-situ combustion
CN104405357A (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-03-11 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Oil-layer fire-flooding mining method
CA2972203C (en) 2017-06-29 2018-07-17 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Chasing solvent for enhanced recovery processes
US10815761B2 (en) * 2017-07-05 2020-10-27 Cenovus Energy Inc. Process for producing hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir
RU2715572C2 (en) * 2017-07-21 2020-03-02 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова Российской академии наук Device for in-situ burning
RU2657036C1 (en) * 2017-07-21 2018-06-08 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова Российской академии наук Method of in-situ combustion
CA2974712C (en) 2017-07-27 2018-09-25 Imperial Oil Resources Limited Enhanced methods for recovering viscous hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation as a follow-up to thermal recovery processes
CA2978157C (en) 2017-08-31 2018-10-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Thermal recovery methods for recovering viscous hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation
CA2983541C (en) 2017-10-24 2019-01-22 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for dynamic liquid level monitoring and control
CN111155986B (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-06-11 中国石油大学(北京) Method, device, equipment and system for determining well spacing of multi-layer commingled production gas well
US11697983B2 (en) 2020-08-10 2023-07-11 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Producing hydrocarbons with carbon dioxide and water injection through stacked lateral dual injection
CN112196505A (en) * 2020-09-04 2021-01-08 中国石油工程建设有限公司 Oil reservoir in-situ conversion hydrogen production system and hydrogen production process thereof
US11708736B1 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-07-25 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Cutting wellhead gate valve by water jetting

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2365591A (en) * 1942-08-15 1944-12-19 Ranney Leo Method for producing oil from viscous deposits
US2901043A (en) * 1955-07-29 1959-08-25 Pan American Petroleum Corp Heavy oil recovery
US2958519A (en) * 1958-06-23 1960-11-01 Phillips Petroleum Co In situ combustion process
US3044545A (en) * 1958-10-02 1962-07-17 Phillips Petroleum Co In situ combustion process
US3441083A (en) * 1967-11-09 1969-04-29 Tenneco Oil Co Method of recovering hydrocarbon fluids from a subterranean formation
US3727686A (en) * 1971-03-15 1973-04-17 Shell Oil Co Oil recovery by overlying combustion and hot water drives
US3794113A (en) * 1972-11-13 1974-02-26 Mobil Oil Corp Combination in situ combustion displacement and steam stimulation of producing wells
SU925094A1 (en) * 1980-02-21 1988-08-15 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Использования Газа В Народном Хозяйстве И Подземного Хранения Нефти,Нефтепродуктов И Сжиженных Газов Method of underground gasification of coal
US4384613A (en) * 1980-10-24 1983-05-24 Terra Tek, Inc. Method of in-situ retorting of carbonaceous material for recovery of organic liquids and gases
US4356866A (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-11-02 Mobil Oil Corporation Process of underground coal gasification
US4390067A (en) * 1981-04-06 1983-06-28 Exxon Production Research Co. Method of treating reservoirs containing very viscous crude oil or bitumen
US4422505A (en) * 1982-01-07 1983-12-27 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for gasifying subterranean coal deposits
US4454916A (en) * 1982-11-29 1984-06-19 Mobil Oil Corporation In-situ combustion method for recovery of oil and combustible gas
US4566537A (en) * 1984-09-20 1986-01-28 Atlantic Richfield Co. Heavy oil recovery
US4718485A (en) * 1986-10-02 1988-01-12 Texaco Inc. Patterns having horizontal and vertical wells
CA2046107C (en) * 1991-07-03 1994-12-06 Geryl Owen Brannan Laterally and vertically staggered horizontal well hydrocarbon recovery method
US5211230A (en) * 1992-02-21 1993-05-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for enhanced oil recovery through a horizontal production well in a subsurface formation by in-situ combustion

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6257334B1 (en) 1999-07-22 2001-07-10 Alberta Oil Sands Technology And Research Authority Steam-assisted gravity drainage heavy oil recovery process
US7740062B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2010-06-22 Alberta Research Council Inc. System and method for the recovery of hydrocarbons by in-situ combustion
US8176980B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2012-05-15 Fccl Partnership Method of gas-cap air injection for thermal oil recovery
WO2013134864A1 (en) * 2012-03-16 2013-09-19 Sunshine Oilsands Ltd. Fully controlled combustion assisted gravity drainage process
US9738837B2 (en) 2013-05-13 2017-08-22 Cenovus Energy, Inc. Process and system for treating oil sands produced gases and liquids
US9284827B2 (en) 2013-05-24 2016-03-15 Cenovus Energy Inc. Hydrocarbon recovery facilitated by in situ combustion
US9562424B2 (en) 2013-11-22 2017-02-07 Cenovus Energy Inc. Waste heat recovery from depleted reservoir
CN116044368A (en) * 2023-04-03 2023-05-02 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 Curve directional drilling geological exploration drilling layout method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2096034C (en) 1996-07-02
US5456315A (en) 1995-10-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2096034A1 (en) Horizontal Well Gravity Drainage Combustion Process for Oil Recovery
CA2058255A1 (en) Recovery and upgrading of hydrocarbons utilizing in situ combustion and horizontal wells
CA2055549C (en) Recovering hydrocarbons from tar sand or heavy oil reservoirs
CA1228534A (en) Drainhole and downhole hot fluid generation oil recovery method
CA2176639A1 (en) Oilfield In-Situ Combustion Process
CA2243105A1 (en) Vapour extraction of hydrocarbon deposits
CA2049627A1 (en) Recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon bearing deposits
CA2084113A1 (en) Single horizontal well conduction assisted steam drive process for removing viscous hydrocarbonaceous fluids
EA200000255A1 (en) METHOD FOR INTENSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION FROM LYNTHOUS PLASTS CONTAINING NATURAL GAS
CA2029817A1 (en) Method for improving sustained solids-free production from heavy oil reservoirs
WO2004101945A3 (en) Method for improved vertical sweep of oil reservoirs
CA2006967A1 (en) Method for profile control in enhanced oil recovery
CA2089800A1 (en) Method and apparatus for improved oil recovery of oil and bitumen using dual completion cyclic steam stimulation
CA2026367A1 (en) Intermittent steam injection
RU2435947C1 (en) Procedure for development of heavy oil and bitumen deposits
US4480689A (en) Block pattern method for in situ gasification of subterranean carbonaceous deposits
RU97103294A (en) METHOD FOR DEVELOPING A HIGH-VISCOUS OIL DEPOSIT
CA1235652A (en) Method for obtaining horizontal fractures in an oil reservoir
CA2277378A1 (en) Steam-assisted gravity drainage heavy oil recovery process
CA2026483A1 (en) Wellbore heating process for initiation of below fracture pressure steam stimulation from a horizontal well located in an initially immobile tar sand
RU96111152A (en) METHOD FOR DEVELOPING AN INHOMOGENEOUS OIL DEPOSIT
RU2112870C1 (en) Method for development of oil bed with underlying water
RU94010695A (en) METHOD FOR INTENSIFICATION OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION BY HYDRO-EXPLOSION OF PRODUCTIVE OIL AND GAS FLAP
RU98106395A (en) METHOD FOR DEVELOPING NATURAL GAS DEPOSITS WITH HETEROGENEOUS COLLECTORS
RU97108757A (en) METHOD FOR OIL DEPOSIT DEVELOPMENT

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
MKLA Lapsed

Effective date: 20130507

MKEC Expiry (correction)

Effective date: 20131009