CA2102663C

CA2102663C - Exhalation valve

Info

Publication number: CA2102663C
Application number: CA002102663A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Martin P. Foley; Robert Morton
Original assignee: Canadian Monaghan Ltd
Current assignee: Canadian Monaghan Ltd
Priority date: 1992-11-09
Filing date: 1993-11-08
Publication date: 2004-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2013-11-08
Also published as: GR3033653T3; ES2146601T3; CA2102663A1; PT601708E; ATE190852T1; NZ250105A; EP0601708B1; ZA938360B; MX9306953A; AU5045193A; US5645049A; DE69328158D1; DE69328158T2; US5988160A; JP3618775B2; EP0601708A2; EP0601708A3; AU672630B2; JPH07521A

Abstract

A mask is provided for the inhalation of medication, such as asthmatic medication. The mask is molded of a resilient plastic or rubber material and has a central through opening and includes an open front portion adapted to receive an aerosolization chamber which receives medication from a metered dose inhaler. A sidewall expands outwardly from the open front portion and is adapted to fit sealingly on a face covering the mouth and nose. The sidewall is provided with an extension to accommodate the nose. A one-way exhalation valve is provided in the mask, preferably at the far end of the nose accommodating extension for conveying exhaled air to the outside, and preventing entrance of outside air therethrough into said mask.

Description

2~.~~~i6 EXHALATION VALVE
Background of the Invention Breathing problems due to alergies, asthma, etc. are widespread. It is known that such problems can be helped with inhalation of appropriate medication, such as a beta agonist.
Small cartridges containing such medication are provided. Each cartridge has a valve which when activated dispenses a predetermined quantity of medication as a spray. Such devices are Itnown as metered dose inhalers (MDI). Such metered dose inhalers are rather inefficient in delivering the medication to the patient.
It is known that provision of some sort of an inhalation chamber between the MDI and the patient's mouth materially improves delivery to the patient. One such device that has met rather considerable commercial success is disclosed and claimed in Nowacki et al U.g. Patent 4,470,412.
Further problems are encountered with delivery of antiasthmatic medication to children. With adults in otherwise reasonably good health the patient generally can be relied upon to handle the matter himself, or to communicate with a healthcare provider. However, children, particularly infants, cannot readily follow directions, and often cannot communicate with a healthcare provider. Accordingly, efforts have been made so that a healthcare provider can readily observe whether a small child or infant is properly inhaling and exhaling, and thereby taking in the necessary medication. Two inhalers for this purpose are shown in Nowacki et al U.S. Patent 4,809,692, and in Nowac)ci et al U.S. Patent V
4,~~2,015. It has been found in practice that anxious mothers often produce false readings with infants and other small children . and it further has been found that producing requisite plastic moldings at a commercially acceptable cost has been difficult.
In the last two U.S. patents noted above a small mask is attached to the exit end of the aerosolizing chamber to engage an infant's face to ensure proper movement of the vaporized or aerosolized medication from the chamber into the patient's mouth and nose. Such mask is generally made of a plastic or rubber material. In the first of these two patents a whistle is provided .
that operates upon inhalation or exhalation of the patient (or both) so that a sound will be produced that can be observed by a healthcare provider. However, the sound is not very loud, and is sometimes indiscernable in conditions of relatively high ambient noise levels. In the second of such two patents a bubble of thinner material is formed integral with the mask, and is intended to move in and ou with inhalation and exhalation. The bubble must be thin enough to flex readily, but not so thin as to tear or otherwise fracture, Molding of the mask to produce a relatively thick mask, and the extremely thin integral bubble is difficult.
It will be recognized that a person who is elderly, or who is sick, or who is in some manner incapacitated may presen t many of the same problems of communicating with or being observed by a healthcare provider as with infants.
As ects of the Present Invention In accordance with the principles of the present invention it is an aspect thereof to provide a mask for inhalation o f medication, such as asthmatic medication, which has an exhalation valve that is closed upon rest or upon inhalation, but whic h discernably moves to an open position upon exhalation by the patient.
It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide an exhalation valve in a medication mask which is closed at rest or on inhalation, and which is readily observable as being closed, and which positively opens in a readily discernable manner upon exhalation, which valve is simple and positive, and readily produced at low cost.
In carrying out the principles of the present invention a pediatric mask is provided such as in U.S. Patents 4,809,692 and 4,832,015 mentioned above. The preferred material for molding such mask is silicone rubber. This material can be autoclaved for sterilization, and is well accepted by the medical profession and governmental bodies that might have to approve of the mask. The mask is translucent, and hence it is possible to see at least a limited distance therethrough. In a preferred form of the invention a valve member is also molded of silicone rubber and is assembled with the balance of the mask by means of an insert and pull operation, with no added fastener being required. In a second form of the invention the valve is molded as an integral part of the mask. Other types of observable one-way air valves are contemplated but the two herein are sufficient for illustration.
Therefore in one aspect, this invention provides a mask adapted for covering the mouth and nose of a patient for the inhalation of aerosol medication by the patient, comprising:
(a) an inlet adapted for connection to a source of the aerosol medication, the inlet being in fluid communication with the mouth and nose of the patient;
(b) a valve located in an opening in a wall of the mask and adapted for positioning adjacent the nose, said opening recessed into a valve body on the wall, the valve operative to prevent air flow through the opening upon patient inhalation but which opens to permit air flow through the opening upon exhalation into the mask so as to permit a patient wearing the mask to exhale air through the opening, wherein the valve is inaccessible manually.
In a further aspect, there is provided a mask adapted for covering the mouth and nose of a patient for the inhalation of aerosol medication by the patient, comprising:

(a) an inlet adapted for connection to a source of the aerosol medication, the inlet being in fluid communication with the mouth and nose of the patient; and (b) a valve located in an opening in a wall of the mask and adapted for positioning adjacent the nose, said opening recessed into a valve body on the wall, the valve operative to prevent air flow through the opening upon patient inhalation but which opens to permit air flow through the opening upon exhalation into the mask so as to permit a patient wearing the mask to exhale air through the opening, wherein the valve comprises at least one flexible member, the flexible member being biased to a closed position to prevent air flow through the opening during inhalation by the patient and the flexible member flexes upon exhalation to allow the exhaled air through the opening.
In yet a further aspect, there is provided a mask adapted for covering the mouth and nose of a patient for the inhalation of aerosol medication by the patient, comprising:
(a) an inlet adapted for connection to a source of the aerosol medication;
(b) a first mask portion adapted to cover the mouth of the patient and being in fluid communication with the inlet;
(c) a second mask portion adapted to cover the nose of the patient; and (d) a valve located in an opening in the second mask portion and adapted for positioning adjacent the nose, said opening recessed into a valve body on the second mask portion, the valve operative to prevent air flow through the opening upon patient inhalation but which opens to permit air flow through the opening upon exhalation into the mask so as to permit a patient wearing the mask to exhale air through the opening wherein the valve is inaccessible manually.
The Drawings The invention will best be understood with reference to the following specification when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
-3a-Fig. 1 is a side view of a preferred form of mask having an. exhalation valve therei,n.~
Fig. 2 is a view taken from the right side of F'ig. 1, -3b-~,;~.~~~'~i~a comprising an end view of the rnas)c;
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but before installation of the valve;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the valve and a portion of the mask on an enlarged scale as taken along the line 4-4 in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is an end view of the valve and adjacent portion of the mask as taken from the right end of Fig. 4 on a further enlarged scale;
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the mask;
Fig. 7 is a side view on an enlarged scale of the closure member of the valve;
Fig. 8 is a view of the valve closure member as taken from the right side of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is an axial sectional view of a second embodiment of the mask;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the mask of Fig. 9 as taken from above and the front end:
Fig. 11 is a fragmentary right end view of the valve portion of the mask of Fig. 9 as taken substantially along the line 11-11 in Fig. 9; and Fig. 12 is a top view of the mask of Fig. 9.
Detailed Description of the Illustrated Embodiments Turning now to the drawings in greater particularity, and first to Figs. 1-8, there will be seen a cylindrical aerosolization .. ' chamber 20 (Fig. 1). This chamber is only shown in part, since it may be'~he same as that shown in Nowacki et al 4,470,412 or in Foley et al 5,012,803, except that the exhalation ports in the aerosolization chamber are deleted. The aerosolization chamber is molded of a semi-rigid plastic., and the exit end thereof is ._rI_ ~,1~~~~;~
inserted within a gripping ring 22 at the upstream end of a mask 24 molded of suitable material which is sufficiently pliable to conform to an infant's face. A preferred material is translucent silicone rubber. The mask includes a first frustoconical portion 26 of rather shallow taper integral with the ring 22, and a second or downstream portion 28 of frustoconical shape of greater taper.
The outer edge 30 (the left edge in Fig. 1) is open, and air and medication flow through the chamber 20 and into the mask as indicated by the arrows 33. The inner surface of the ring 22 is cylindrical and is of small enough diameter to grip the rear end of the aerosolization chamber 20. The mask i~.: circular in outline or cross section, with the exception of a nosepiece 32 and a valve 34, both of which are formed integral with the mask save for an operating or closure member in the valve to be noted hereinafter.
The nosepiece 32 extends substantially from end' to end of the rearward or portion of greater taper 28, with the frustoconical portion 28 opening radially into the nosepiece. The nosepiece has an outer edge 36 substantially parallel to the corresponding outer surface of the frustocorical portion 28 adjacent to the nosepiece.
The nosepiece is substantially ari inverted ~! having legs 38 joined together by an arcuate portion 40 which includes the outer edge 36.
of nosepiece At the forward or upstream end the lowest portion/32 is terminated by a vertical wall 42. (The use of "upstream" is intended to refer relative, to the air and medication movement through the aerosolization chamber 20 and into the mask 24, as indicated by the arrows 33.) Forwardly or upstream of the w:al7 42 there is a boxlike housing 44 extending ou;.wardly fro;n the mask body and closed off therefrom by a portion of the f:i.r.st frusta conical portion 26 and ~1~?~~:~
forming a floor 46 t.o the valve horly or housing. Walls 48 extend substant.iully vert.ic:ally outwardly from tlw~ frustoconical portion 26, and taper inwardly at 50 to a flat roof 52. The upstream end of the valve body 44 is open at 54, and the downstream end of the housing is integrally sealed to the wall 42.
The wall 42 is provided with a small central opening 56 and with a pair of arcuate openings 58 concentric with and spaced horizontally from the smaller central opening 56.
A valve closure member 60 is seen best in Figs. 7 and 8, and includes a circular head 62. The head is molded so as to be convex on the outer surface 64, and concave on the undersurface 66.
Inwardly or rearwardly from the convex inner surface 66 a stem 68 extends rearwardly along the axis of the head 62. The stem somewhat closer to the undersurface 66 than to the outer end 70 of the stem is provided with an integral annular ring or enlargement 72 having a semicircular cross section.
The diameter of the stem 68 is exactly the same as the diameter of the central hole 56, and the distance from the undersurface 66 of the head 62 to the confronting edge of the enlargement 72 is the same as; or very slightly less than the thickness of the wall 42. Accordingly, to assemble the valve head 60 with the mask the end of the stem 70 is pushed through the hole 56 from the upstream surface of the wall 42. Since the enlargement 72 is spaced closer to the undersurface 65 of the valve head than it is to the outer end 70 of the stem, the outer end 70 projects through the wall 42 by the time the enlargement. 72 engages the front surface of the wall. The stem adjacent the outer end 70 thus caa be grasped and pulled through the hole 56. Stretching of the stem 68 somewhat reduces its diameter. The enlargement 72 is _0_ squashed inwardly by the hole 56, while the hole 56 is somewhat enlarged on a temporary basis by the enlargement 72. Thus, the enlargment 72 moves through the wall to abut the rear surface thereof as shown in Fig. 4 to hold the valve member 60 in place.
The undersurface 66 of the valve head 62 is flattened against the flat front surface of the wall 42 as shown in Fig. 4. Accordingly, no air can pass through the valve structure from the upstream end (the right end in Fig. 4, for example) into the mask. However, when the infant exhales the pressure within the mask is increased.
This increased pressure cannot cause backflow into the aerosolization chamber 20 due to the provision of a one-way valve near the exit end (downstream end) of the aerosolization chamber.
However, the air pressure passes air through the arcuate openings 58, flexing the head 62 away from the arcuate openings 58 as shown in broken lines in Fig. 4, thereby permitting exhalation by the infant. Subsequent rest or inhalation by the infant returns the interior of the mask to ambient air pressure or below, and the valve head 62 again flattens against the wall 42.
Flexure of the valve head 62 over the openings 58 is somewhat as if there were two doors pivoted about one or more vertical axes passing through or adjacent to the smaller hole 56. Such movement readily can be seen by a healthcare provider (or the infant's mother) looking into the valve body through the open end 54, or looking through the translucent walls 48, 52 of the valve body.
Thus, observation of exhalation is positively assured, and there cannot be exhalation unless there is first inhalation. Thus, it is readily ascertained that the infant is breathing and inhaling the desired medication. All of the parts are large enough to resist rupture or tearing without difficulty, and are readily molded.

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i Installation of the"valve member is quicksand simple, and adds very little to the overall cost of the mask. No particular close art of .the mask tolerances must be held to provide an integral p o.'n at least some of the prior art.
that must flex as'has been don_ i ~ modification~of the invention is shown in Figs. 9-12. Many of the parts,are similar to those heretofore shown and described, and are identified by the use ,of similar numerals with the addition ,of the suffix a_ to avoid repetition of disclosure. The mask 24a is in most respects substantially the same as that disclosed~and claimed, in' the aforesaid U.S. Patent 4,832,015, but omits 'the y flexible bubble previously used as an indicator of,breathing by an infant. An exhalation valve 34a is molded integrally With the re-I mainder of the mask., It opens at its rear into the nosepiece 40a.
and is, of the type know as a duckbill . .
valve. ~It includes a,forwardly extending generahly cylindrical section 76 tapering inwardly at a thinning frustoconical section 78 to a reduced diameter cylindrical section 80. The duckbill valve 34a then steps inwardly ai: 82 to a thinned forwardly projecting bill 84 terminating at a flat nose 86~having a.siit 88 (Fig. 11) ' ~i extending horiiontally.acrn55 i::. Tha slit 88~is normally closed i as shown by the solid line in Fig. 11. Upbn ~inhala_.ion pressure . ~.d~~ ~ a ~~~;..',.'' within the mask is reduced bel.~w ambient presstu.e.: and the thinned ,y . ._ -g-.., ~~.~~?~fi~3 side portions 84 adjacent the flat nose 86 tend to come together further to close the valve to prevent. ingress of air. However, upon exhalation the slit 88 bows outwardly as shown by the broken lines 90 in Figs. 9 and 11, whereby air readily exits from the exhalation valve 34a.
Both forms of the invention as herein shown and described positively prevent ingress of air through the exhalation valve, and afford egress thereof at very little pressure above ambient pressure, less than 0.50 inch of water. Since the second form of the invention in Figs. 9-12 has the entire valve formed as an integral part of the mask no assembly step is required in producing the mask. However, molding is somewhat more difficult. In the first and preferred form of the mask as shown in Figs. 1-8 the assembly step is extremely simple, and does not require much additional labor. Molding is greatly simplified. As has been noted earlier the enlargement 72 on the valve stem 68 avoids the necessity of any separate fastener to hold the umbrella-like valve in installed position, yet is easily moved to installed position.
The valve in the first embodiment also opens readily on exhalation with less than 0.50 inch of water internal pressure above ambient, and provides positive closure against entrance of air upon inhalation. It will be appreciated that it is not desired to have air enter upon inhalation as it would dilute the medication being brought in from th,,e aerosolization chamber 20. Exit of air through the two openings or ports 58 provides for passage of a generous amount of exhaled air.
The mask and valve are intended primarily for use with an infant or young child, and in both instances the opening of the valve is readily seen by a healthcare provider, either professional _g_ .......... ~....... ._.__._._~__. .._._~.. ._~._.__. _. ~ w ~.~ fv ~~ ~ ~_--_.__ or a parent.
The mask is intended primarily for use with infants and small or young children. Approximate dimensions for the mask are just over 3 inches diameter across the rear, open end 30 and just over two inches from this rear open end 30 to the front of the ring 22 gripping the aerosolization chamber. The inside diameter of the ring 22a is approximately 1.4 inches, while the wall thickness is on the order of '.08 inch. The diameter of the valve head 62 is .440 inch and the thickness is .015 inch. The length of the valve stem 68 is .280 inch from the underside of the head to the end 70. The radius o~f the valve stem is .040 inch, except at the enlargement 72 where the outside diameter is .070.. The radius of the enlargement (in axial section of the stem) is .015 inch.
As noted earlier there are some adult patients who must inhale medication, but are for one reason or another incapable of handling an aerosolization chamber and MDI personally.. A similar mask'of slightly larger~size would be in order for such patients, with a heal.thcare provider or friend to observe the opening of the valve upon exhalation, and closure upon inhalation.
Particularly in the preferred form of the invention the exhalation valve is located directly adjacent the nostrils, and thereby forms a short path for exhalation from the mask.
The specific embodiments of the invention as herein shown and described are for,illustrative purposes only. Various changes in structure will no doubt occur to those skilled in the art, and will be understood as forming a part of the present invention insofar as they fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mask adapted for covering the mouth and nose of a patient for the inhalation of aerosol medication by the patient, comprising:

(a) an inlet adapted for connection to a source of the aerosol medication, the inlet being in fluid communication with the mouth and nose of the patient;

(b) a nosepiece integral with the mask and projecting outwardly from a sidewall of the mask and substantially parallel thereto, the nosepiece is adapted to cover the nose and extend from a front portion of the mask proximate the inlet to a rear portion of the mask opposite the inlet;

(c) a substantially vertical wall located adjacent the front portion; and (d) a valve located in an opening in the substantially vertical wall, and operative to prevent air flow through the opening upon patient inhalation but which opens to permit air flow through the opening upon exhalation into the mask so as to permit a patient wearing the mask to exhale air through the opening.

2. The mask of claim 1 in which the valve provides a visible indication when the patient exhales.

3. The mask of claim 1 in which the valve opens when pressure across the valve is at least 0.50 inch of water above ambient.

4. The mask of claim 1 in which the mask has a diameter of approximately 3 inches.

5. The mask of claim 1 in which the mask has a length of approximately two inches.

6. The mask of claim 1 in which the mask is sized to cover a nose and mouth of an infant patient.

7. The mask of claim 1 in which the mask is sized to cover a nose and mouth of a child patient.

8. The mask of claim 1 in which the mask is sized to cover a nose and mouth of an elderly person.

9. The mask of claim 1 in which the mask further comprises an upper edge, said upper edge sized to fit against a patient's face between the patient's eyes and nose.

10. The mask of claim 1 wherein the source of the aerosol medication is a metered dose inhaler.

11. The mask of claim 1 wherein the mask is made of translucent silicone rubber.

12. The mask of claim 1 wherein the valve comprises at least one flexible member, the flexible member being biased to a closed position to prevent air flow through the opening during inhalation by the patient and the flexible member flexes upon exhalation to allow the exhaled air through the opening.

13. The mask of claim 12 wherein the valve comprises two flexible members that oppose each other in the closed position and flex away from each other upon exhalation.

14. The mask of claim 1 further comprising a mask wall comprising a substantially frusto-conical shape expanding outwardly from the inlet.

15. A mask adapted for covering the mouth and nose of a patient for the inhalation of aerosol medication by the patient, comprising:

(a) an inlet adapted for connection to a source of the aerosol medication, the inlet being in fluid communication with the mouth and nose of the patient;

(b) a nosepiece integral with the mask and projecting outwardly from a wall of the mask, the nosepiece adapted to cover the nose; and (c) a valve located in an opening in the nosepiece and adapted for positioning adjacent the nose, the valve operative to prevent air flow through the opening upon patient inhalation but which opens to permit air flow through the opening upon exhalation into the mask so as to permit a patient wearing the mask to exhale air through the opening, wherein the valve comprises at least one flexible member, the flexible member being biased to a closed position to prevent air flow through the opening during inhalation by the patient and the flexible member flexes upon exhalation to allow the exhaled air through the opening.

16. The mask of claim 15 in which the valve provides a visible indication when the patient exhales.

17. The mask of claim 15 in which the valve opens when pressure across the valve is at least 0.50 inch of water above ambient.

18. The mask of claim 15 in which the mask has a diameter of approximately 3 inches.

19. The mask of claim 15 in which the mask has a length of approximately two inches.

20. The mask of claim 15 in which the mask is sized to cover a nose and mouth of an infant patient.

21. The mask of claim 15 in which the mask is sized to cover a nose and mouth of a child patient.

22. The mask of claim 15 in which the mask is sized to cover a nose and mouth of an elderly person.

23. The mask of claim 15 in which the mask further comprises an upper edge, said upper edge sized to fit against a patient's face between the patient's eyes and nose.

24. The mask of claim 15 wherein the source of the aerosol medication is a metered dose inhaler.

25. The mask of claim 15 wherein the mask is made of translucent silicone rubber.

26. The mask of claim 15 wherein the valve comprises two flexible members that oppose each other in the closed position and flex away from each other upon exhalation.

27. The mask of claim 15 wherein the wall comprises a substantially frusto-conical shape expanding outwardly from the inlet.

28. A mask adapted for covering the mouth and nose of a patient for the inhalation of aerosol medication by the patient, comprising:

(a) an inlet adapted for connection to a source of the aerosol medication;

(b) a first mask portion adapted to cover the mouth of the patient and being in fluid communication with the inlet;

(c) a second mask portion adapted to cover the nose of the patient, the second mask portion projecting outwardly from a sidewall of the first mask portion;

(d) a substantially vertical wall located on the second mask portion; and (e) a valve located in an opening in the substantially vertical wall and adapted for positioning adjacent the nose, the valve operative to prevent air flow through the opening upon patient inhalation but which opens to permit air flow through the opening upon exhalation into the mask so as to permit a patient wearing the mask to exhale air through the opening wherein the valve is inaccessible manually.

29. The mask of claim 28 in which the valve provides a visible indication when the patient exhales.

30. The mask of claim 28 in which the valve opens when pressure across the valve is at least 0.50 inch of water above ambient.

31. The mask of claim 28 in which the first mask portion has a diameter of approximately 3 inches.

32. The mask of claim 28 in which the mask has a length of approximately two inches.

33. The mask of claim 28 in which the first mask portion and second mask portion are sized to cover a mouth and nose, respectively, of an infant patient.

34. The mask of claim 28 in which the first mask portion and second mask portion are sized to cover a mouth and nose, respectively, of a child patient.

35. The mask of claim 28 in which the first mask portion and second mask portion are sized to cover a mouth and nose, respectively, of an elderly person.

36. The mask of claim 28 in which an upper edge of the second mask portion is sized to fit against a patient's face between the patient's eyes and nose.

37. The mask of claim 28 wherein the source of the aerosol medication is a metered dose inhaler.

38. The mask of claim 28 wherein the mask is made of translucent silicone rubber.

39. The mask of claim 28 wherein the valve comprises at least one flexible member, the flexible member being biased to a closed position to prevent air flow through the opening during inhalation by the patient and the flexible member flexes upon exhalation to allow the exhaled air through the opening.

40. The mask of claim 39 wherein the valve comprises two flexible members that oppose each other in the closed position and flex away from each other upon exhalation.

41. The mask of claim 28 wherein the first mask portion comprises a wall having a substantially frusto-conical shape expanding outwardly from the inlet.

42. The mask of claim 28 wherein the second mask portion comprises a side wall, an exhalation opening in the side wall and an anchor opening in the side wall, the valve comprises a closure element comprising a head and an integral stem, said head covering the exhalation opening, and said stem anchoring in said anchor opening, wherein the head is configured to resiliently move away from the exhalation opening when the patient exhales.

43. The mask of any one of claims 1 to 42 in combination with the source of the aerosol medication and an aerosolization chamber for receiving the aerosol medication from the source, the aerosolization chamber comprising an exit and a second valve that permits flow of the aerosol medication and air into the aerosolization chamber, the inlet of the mask operatively connected to the exit, and wherein the second valve permits flow from the aerosolization chamber into the mask and prevents flow from the mask into the aerosolization chamber.