CA2110205C - Mobile receiver for satellite broadcast - Google Patents
Mobile receiver for satellite broadcastInfo
- Publication number
- CA2110205C CA2110205C CA002110205A CA2110205A CA2110205C CA 2110205 C CA2110205 C CA 2110205C CA 002110205 A CA002110205 A CA 002110205A CA 2110205 A CA2110205 A CA 2110205A CA 2110205 C CA2110205 C CA 2110205C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- antennas
- radome
- antenna
- mobile receiver
- metal members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
- H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
- H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
- H04B7/18508—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service with satellite system used as relay, i.e. aeronautical mobile satellite service
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
- H04B7/18569—Arrangements for system physical machines management, i.e. for construction operations control, administration, maintenance
- H04B7/18571—Arrangements for system physical machines management, i.e. for construction operations control, administration, maintenance for satellites; for fixed or mobile stations
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
A mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprises a directive antennas, a navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an aeroplane, a control unit for generating a control signal for controlling the antennas, on the basis of the navigation signal from the navigation unit and prestored information indicating a position of a broadcasting satellite, and a drive unit for driving the antennas in response to the antenna control signal from the control unit to orient the directivity of the antenna toward the broadcasting satellite.
Description
I,.~..,. ....~...
1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ANA 3 'U~
Mobile Receiver for Satellite Broadcast Rield of the Invention The present invention relates to a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which can receive an electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast during flight.
Related Backqround Art An apparatus for receiving image information of a satellite broadcast during moving has been developed or in an experimental stage for those for train, ship, bus and small car: In the prior art apparatus, since a plurality of antennas on a flat plate are directed to a broadcasting satellite by using outputs of tracking sensors attached to the plate, the same number of tracking circuits as the number of divisions of the apparatus are required when the app'~r~tus is divided.
Thus, a different technical requirefient is imposed to an apparatus that is composed of s~veral subdivided apparatuses, for receiving image,~information of the satellite broadcast during the flight of an aeroplane.
The prior art tracking system in the apparatus is a mechanical tracking system or a combination of the mechanical tracking system and'a.n,electronic tracking system, and a -total electronj.c tracking system has not yet been developed.
_ 2 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact and light weight mobile receiver for satellite broadcast for stably receiving an electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast in all attitudes of an aeroplane by combining outputs of a plurality of antennas.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which can direst antennas of the apparatus to the satellite broadcast by a simple circuit without regard to the number of divisions of the apparatus by using navigation data derived from the aeroplane.
The above objects of the present invention are achieved by the present invention by providing a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprising:
directive antenna means;
a navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an ", 2~ aeroplane:
control means for generating a control signal for controlling the antenna means, on the basis of the navigation signal from the navigation unit and prestored information indicating a position of a broadcasting satellite; and drive means for driving the antenna means in respanse to tho antenna control signal from the control - 3 - 2l~.oz~~
means to orient directive directions of the antenna means toward the broadcasting satellite.
It is other object of the present invention to provide a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which eliminates mechanically moving elements by using a totally electronic tracking system to improve a reliability to the vibration and attain faster tracking of the satellite.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by providing a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprising:
directions antenna means including a plurality of antenna arranged in a radome with different antenna orientations to cover all azimuths;
a navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an aeroplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal to select antennas to be used for receiving the 2l~ electromagnetic wave, on the bas:ls of the navigation signal the data of the navigation unit; and composition means for selecting the antenna means in response to the antenna control signal from the control means and for in-phase composing signals received by the selected directive antenna means.
Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from 'the following detailed description of the :;"
>,. . ... ., -~- ~ .~ .~ r ~~~~.~w~ _i preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
DRIEF DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS
OF
Fig. :L shows a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an antenna mounted in a radome 1 of present invention, the Fig. 3 shows a side view of the antenna mounted in the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 4 shows 32-bit digital signal data representing a latitude of an aeroplane used for the control of the antenna of the present invention, Fig. 5 shows a 'table of transmittance of an electromagnetic wavemeasured by an antenna mounted at 'the front of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 6 shows a table of transmittance of an electromagnetic wavemeasured by an antenna mounted at the rear of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 7 shows characteristics of the transmittance of electromagnetic wave measured by the the antenna mounted at the front of the radome Z of the ' present invention, Fig. 8 shows characteristics of the transmittance of electromagnetic wave measured by the the antenna mounted at the rear of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 9 shows a direction of reception of the electromagnetic wave in the present invention, Fig. 10 shows a mounting position of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 11 shows a mounting position of the radome 1 of the present invewtion, Fig. 12 shows a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 13 shows a plan view of an antenna mounted ~.n a radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 14 shows a side view of the antenna mounted in the radome 1 0~ the present invention, Fig. 15 shows a front view of the antenna of the present invention, and F~.g~. 16 shows a side view of the antenna of the pr~sent invention.
DETF~TLED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are npw described.
<First Embodiment>
The present mobile receiver for satellite ' broadcast comprises a radome Z made of FRP, directive antennas 3 such as array antennas, phased antennas or parabola antennas, an inertial navigator 5 which outputs navigation data during flight, a control unit ~
for obtaining a control signal for controlling a directive directions of the antennas 3, on tha basis of the navigation data, a drives unit 9 for directing the antenna toward satellite broadcast by using the control signal from the control unit 7, and a signal composition unit 11 for in-phase composing signal outputs received by the antennas 3. The signal compositian unit 11 in-phase composes the intermediate frequency outputs from the antennas.
The antennas 3 is a rectangular antenna of approximately 15 cm x approximately 40 cm, and one side of a dielectric substrate is a ground plane and the opposite side has approximately 200 radiation elements regularly arranged thereon. Since it is assumed that the present apparatus is used at a high altitude at which an air pressure falls to ones quarter of that in the ground, a material of the antenna substrata is a composite rigid substrate of polyethylene and air or a composite substrata material of polytetrafluoroethylena and glass fiber, which provides a high gain and is not broken under a reduced pressure.
Tha inertial navigator 5 determines a position and an attitude of an aeroplane by an auto-inference navigation method and it generates data on 'the direction of travel of the aeroplane, a pitching angle, a rolling angle, an a~.tituda, a latitude and a longitude as well as other data necessary for the navigation of the aeroplane in the form of 32-bit digital signal as defined by the AEEC (Hero-Electronic Rngineering Committee). For example, a digital signal o~ Fig. ~ represents a current latitude of the aeroplane. The bit sequences of other data are continuously outputted at a predetermined convention, and the control unit 7 first detects only the bit sequences of the data relating to the attitude, altitude and position which are necessary for the present invention. The type of the information is defined by a label represented by the first 8-bit (bits 1-8) of the bit sequence. In Fig. 4, the first 8 bits '11001000° represent a label 310. The control unit 7 recognizes the bit sequence as latitude data. If the first 8 bits are '11001001', it represents a label 311 which is detected as latitude data. Other data are detected in a similar manner. The control unit 7 detects the bit sequence of data necessary for the control of the antenna by the label and generate concrete data based on the bit sequence subsequent to bit 9. It generates a control signal to direct the antenna 3 toward the satellite broadcast by the concrete data and a process logic prestored in a ROM
(read-only memory) of the control unit 7. The drive unit 9 drives the antenna 3 at a pitch of 0.1 degree.
Without such a precision, the electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast could not be received. The control unit 7, the drive unit 9, the signal composition unit 11, a tr.~ner 13 and a monitor 19 are - 8 _ 21~.~3~~~
accommodated in a fuselage of the aeroplane which is a pressurized area as shown in Fig. 1 in order to protect them from a temperature change. Only the antennas 3 are mounted e~cternally of the fuselage and are covered with the radome 1.
Figs. 2 and 3 show a construction in which a plurality of divided antennas are accommodated in the radome l on the fuselage of the aeroplane. Two ' antennas 3 are mounted at the front and rear of the radome 1. An arrester 15 is bonded to a wall of the radome 1. The arrester 15 may be an array of band-shaped or bar-shaped metals or disk-shaped metals. In order to xeduce interference of electromagnetic wave to the antennas 3 by the arrestex 15, the antennas 3 are arranged as further from the arrester 15 as possible.
The two antennas 3 are mounted on turn tables 17 and the rotation angle ~ of the turn table 17 and the angle of inclination A of the antenna 3 are controlled by the control unit 7 and the drive unit 9 shown in Fig. 1 so that the two antennas 3 are always directed toward the broadcasting satellite without relating to the position and the attitude of the aeroplane. The antennas 3 may be of any type so long as they can receive the satellite broadcast but a planar antenna is preferable in view of compactness. During flight, the inside and the outside of the radome are substantially at the same temperature and hence there is a very large temperature .:i~.:...: ., . ........~ ,... , -...'~.... wi~ .:~ .:~, ~.',, .:.: . . -..:;
g _ 2~.~.~2~
change. Accordingly, the material for the mechanical elements of the antenna is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (durable temperature 260°C to -270°C) which is durable to not only a high temperature but also a low temperature.
Figs. 5 to 8 show results of measurement of the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave when the antennas are arranged in the radome having the arrester bonded thereto as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and the azimuth is changed by 22.5 degrees at a time. A
receiving C/N ratio by one antenna not covered by the radame having the arrester bonded thereto is 11 dB.
The direction of the electromagnetic wave relative to the radome is oriewted as shown in Fig. 9. For example, when the electromagnetic wave is directed from the franc of the radome, the antenna is controlled and driven to be oriented as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This corresponds to the angle 0 degree of the measurement.
As seen from the tables of Figs. 5 and 6, the receiving C/N ratio of the~antenna mounted at the front of the radome is 9.5 dB and the receiving C/N ratio of the antenna mounted at the rear is 8.75 dB. In the front mounting, the receiving C/N ratio is 1.5 dB lower than that attained when the radome is not attached because of the affect of the radome and the arrester. Tn the rear mounting, the receiving C/N ratio is 2.25 dB lower than 'that attained when the radome is not attached 2~.~.~2~~
;.:10 because of the affect by the two arresters arranged between the antennas. The receiving C/N ratios are different between the front mounting and the rear mounting depending on the angle of incidence of the ' electromagnetic wave, but when the radar charts of the antenna gains of Figs. 7 and 8 are combined, it provides an antenna gain which is uniform in substantially all directions. Namely, by combining the received signals from the two antennas, the output is substantially constant.
Hy demodulating the image signal by the tuner 13 and selecting a channel, the satellite broadcast can be watched on the monitor 19.
Figs. 10 and 11 show a mount position of the radome on the aeroplane.
<Second Fmbodiment>
..w The present mobile receiver for the satellite broadcast comprises a radome 1 made of FRP, directive array antennas 23, an inertial navigator 5 far outputting navigation data during flight, a control unit 27 for generating a control signal to select the ' array 'antennas 23 and a signal composition unit 29 for in-phase composing the outputs of the signals received from the array antennas 23. The control unit 27, the signal composition unit 29, the tuner 13 and the rnonitor 19 are accommodated in the fuselage of the aeroplane which is a pressurised area as shown in ~i~.~
.... , Z 1 Fig. 12 to protect them from a temperature change.
Only the array antennas 23 are mounted externally of the fuselage and are covered with the radome 1.
The radome 1, the inertial navigator 5, the tuner 13 and the monitor 19 which are designated by the same numerals as those of the first embodiment have been explained above and the explanation thereof is omitted here.
The inertial navigator 5 generates a control signal to select the array antennas 23.
During the flight, a temperature of inside of the radome 1 and a temperature of outside of the radome 1 are substantially same and a very large temperature change is encountered. Accordingly, the substrate material of the array antennas 3 is preferably same as that of the first embodiment.
A configuration of the aeroplane-mounted mobile receiver for the satellite broadcast is now explained.
Twelve array antennas 23 are arranged in the radome 1 which is outside of the fuselage. Each array antenna 23 is divided into 6 x 4 blocks (not shown) and signals ' received by the array antenna 23 are in-phase composed by the in-phase composition circuit 37 after the received signals have been converted to intermediate frequency, and the in-phase composed signal is supplied to the signal composition unit 29 in the fuselage as a output of the array antenna 23. On the other hand, the - ~2 - ~i~.0"~~~
control unit 27 calculates the direction of the broadcasting satellite on the basis of the data of the inertial navigator 5 mounted in the aeroplane, determines the array antennas 23 which can currently rece~.ve the electromagnetic wave, and the control unit 27 sends a control signal to the signal composition circuit 29. The signal composition unit 29 selects two or more optimum signals from the outputs of the twelve array antennas 23 on the basis of the control signal from the control unit 27 and in-phase composes them.
Figs. 13 and l~ show a method for mounting the array antennas 23 in the radome Z on the fuselage of the aeroplane. In the present embodiment, twelve array antennas 23 having a vertically and b horizontally are arranged at a pitch of 30 degrees. An elevation is at an angle 0 relative to the mounting plane. Each array antenna 23 is divided into 6 x 4 blocks (not shown) and all of the 24 blocks are in-phase composed to produce 'the output of ane array antenna 23. The number, mounting angle, the number of divisions and the manner of divis~.ons of the array antennas 23 may be changed depending on the directivity of the basic antenna element. In accordance with the present invention, the antennas may be directed to the broadcasting satellite without regard to the number of apparatus by a simple circuit by using the navigation data derived from 'the inertial navigator the arrester bonded to the surface .~':.j . ~~.
.. 13 of the radome significantly affects to the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave in view of the positional relation with the antennas mounted in the radome, but the electromagnetic wave of the broadcasting satellite can be received at a very high level by in-phase composing the electromagnetic waves received by the plurality of antennas arranged in the radome.
Since the present apparatus uses the total electronic tracking system, the reliability is improved and the faster tracking is attained.
Accordingly, the electromagnetic wave of the broadcasting satellite can be stably received at all attitudes of the aeroplane.
1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ANA 3 'U~
Mobile Receiver for Satellite Broadcast Rield of the Invention The present invention relates to a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which can receive an electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast during flight.
Related Backqround Art An apparatus for receiving image information of a satellite broadcast during moving has been developed or in an experimental stage for those for train, ship, bus and small car: In the prior art apparatus, since a plurality of antennas on a flat plate are directed to a broadcasting satellite by using outputs of tracking sensors attached to the plate, the same number of tracking circuits as the number of divisions of the apparatus are required when the app'~r~tus is divided.
Thus, a different technical requirefient is imposed to an apparatus that is composed of s~veral subdivided apparatuses, for receiving image,~information of the satellite broadcast during the flight of an aeroplane.
The prior art tracking system in the apparatus is a mechanical tracking system or a combination of the mechanical tracking system and'a.n,electronic tracking system, and a -total electronj.c tracking system has not yet been developed.
_ 2 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact and light weight mobile receiver for satellite broadcast for stably receiving an electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast in all attitudes of an aeroplane by combining outputs of a plurality of antennas.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which can direst antennas of the apparatus to the satellite broadcast by a simple circuit without regard to the number of divisions of the apparatus by using navigation data derived from the aeroplane.
The above objects of the present invention are achieved by the present invention by providing a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprising:
directive antenna means;
a navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an ", 2~ aeroplane:
control means for generating a control signal for controlling the antenna means, on the basis of the navigation signal from the navigation unit and prestored information indicating a position of a broadcasting satellite; and drive means for driving the antenna means in respanse to tho antenna control signal from the control - 3 - 2l~.oz~~
means to orient directive directions of the antenna means toward the broadcasting satellite.
It is other object of the present invention to provide a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast which eliminates mechanically moving elements by using a totally electronic tracking system to improve a reliability to the vibration and attain faster tracking of the satellite.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by providing a mobile receiver for satellite broadcast comprising:
directions antenna means including a plurality of antenna arranged in a radome with different antenna orientations to cover all azimuths;
a navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an aeroplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal to select antennas to be used for receiving the 2l~ electromagnetic wave, on the bas:ls of the navigation signal the data of the navigation unit; and composition means for selecting the antenna means in response to the antenna control signal from the control means and for in-phase composing signals received by the selected directive antenna means.
Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from 'the following detailed description of the :;"
>,. . ... ., -~- ~ .~ .~ r ~~~~.~w~ _i preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
DRIEF DESCRIPTION THE DRAWINGS
OF
Fig. :L shows a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows a plan view of an antenna mounted in a radome 1 of present invention, the Fig. 3 shows a side view of the antenna mounted in the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 4 shows 32-bit digital signal data representing a latitude of an aeroplane used for the control of the antenna of the present invention, Fig. 5 shows a 'table of transmittance of an electromagnetic wavemeasured by an antenna mounted at 'the front of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 6 shows a table of transmittance of an electromagnetic wavemeasured by an antenna mounted at the rear of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 7 shows characteristics of the transmittance of electromagnetic wave measured by the the antenna mounted at the front of the radome Z of the ' present invention, Fig. 8 shows characteristics of the transmittance of electromagnetic wave measured by the the antenna mounted at the rear of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 9 shows a direction of reception of the electromagnetic wave in the present invention, Fig. 10 shows a mounting position of the radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 11 shows a mounting position of the radome 1 of the present invewtion, Fig. 12 shows a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 13 shows a plan view of an antenna mounted ~.n a radome 1 of the present invention, Fig. 14 shows a side view of the antenna mounted in the radome 1 0~ the present invention, Fig. 15 shows a front view of the antenna of the present invention, and F~.g~. 16 shows a side view of the antenna of the pr~sent invention.
DETF~TLED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are npw described.
<First Embodiment>
The present mobile receiver for satellite ' broadcast comprises a radome Z made of FRP, directive antennas 3 such as array antennas, phased antennas or parabola antennas, an inertial navigator 5 which outputs navigation data during flight, a control unit ~
for obtaining a control signal for controlling a directive directions of the antennas 3, on tha basis of the navigation data, a drives unit 9 for directing the antenna toward satellite broadcast by using the control signal from the control unit 7, and a signal composition unit 11 for in-phase composing signal outputs received by the antennas 3. The signal compositian unit 11 in-phase composes the intermediate frequency outputs from the antennas.
The antennas 3 is a rectangular antenna of approximately 15 cm x approximately 40 cm, and one side of a dielectric substrate is a ground plane and the opposite side has approximately 200 radiation elements regularly arranged thereon. Since it is assumed that the present apparatus is used at a high altitude at which an air pressure falls to ones quarter of that in the ground, a material of the antenna substrata is a composite rigid substrate of polyethylene and air or a composite substrata material of polytetrafluoroethylena and glass fiber, which provides a high gain and is not broken under a reduced pressure.
Tha inertial navigator 5 determines a position and an attitude of an aeroplane by an auto-inference navigation method and it generates data on 'the direction of travel of the aeroplane, a pitching angle, a rolling angle, an a~.tituda, a latitude and a longitude as well as other data necessary for the navigation of the aeroplane in the form of 32-bit digital signal as defined by the AEEC (Hero-Electronic Rngineering Committee). For example, a digital signal o~ Fig. ~ represents a current latitude of the aeroplane. The bit sequences of other data are continuously outputted at a predetermined convention, and the control unit 7 first detects only the bit sequences of the data relating to the attitude, altitude and position which are necessary for the present invention. The type of the information is defined by a label represented by the first 8-bit (bits 1-8) of the bit sequence. In Fig. 4, the first 8 bits '11001000° represent a label 310. The control unit 7 recognizes the bit sequence as latitude data. If the first 8 bits are '11001001', it represents a label 311 which is detected as latitude data. Other data are detected in a similar manner. The control unit 7 detects the bit sequence of data necessary for the control of the antenna by the label and generate concrete data based on the bit sequence subsequent to bit 9. It generates a control signal to direct the antenna 3 toward the satellite broadcast by the concrete data and a process logic prestored in a ROM
(read-only memory) of the control unit 7. The drive unit 9 drives the antenna 3 at a pitch of 0.1 degree.
Without such a precision, the electromagnetic wave of the satellite broadcast could not be received. The control unit 7, the drive unit 9, the signal composition unit 11, a tr.~ner 13 and a monitor 19 are - 8 _ 21~.~3~~~
accommodated in a fuselage of the aeroplane which is a pressurized area as shown in Fig. 1 in order to protect them from a temperature change. Only the antennas 3 are mounted e~cternally of the fuselage and are covered with the radome 1.
Figs. 2 and 3 show a construction in which a plurality of divided antennas are accommodated in the radome l on the fuselage of the aeroplane. Two ' antennas 3 are mounted at the front and rear of the radome 1. An arrester 15 is bonded to a wall of the radome 1. The arrester 15 may be an array of band-shaped or bar-shaped metals or disk-shaped metals. In order to xeduce interference of electromagnetic wave to the antennas 3 by the arrestex 15, the antennas 3 are arranged as further from the arrester 15 as possible.
The two antennas 3 are mounted on turn tables 17 and the rotation angle ~ of the turn table 17 and the angle of inclination A of the antenna 3 are controlled by the control unit 7 and the drive unit 9 shown in Fig. 1 so that the two antennas 3 are always directed toward the broadcasting satellite without relating to the position and the attitude of the aeroplane. The antennas 3 may be of any type so long as they can receive the satellite broadcast but a planar antenna is preferable in view of compactness. During flight, the inside and the outside of the radome are substantially at the same temperature and hence there is a very large temperature .:i~.:...: ., . ........~ ,... , -...'~.... wi~ .:~ .:~, ~.',, .:.: . . -..:;
g _ 2~.~.~2~
change. Accordingly, the material for the mechanical elements of the antenna is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene (durable temperature 260°C to -270°C) which is durable to not only a high temperature but also a low temperature.
Figs. 5 to 8 show results of measurement of the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave when the antennas are arranged in the radome having the arrester bonded thereto as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and the azimuth is changed by 22.5 degrees at a time. A
receiving C/N ratio by one antenna not covered by the radame having the arrester bonded thereto is 11 dB.
The direction of the electromagnetic wave relative to the radome is oriewted as shown in Fig. 9. For example, when the electromagnetic wave is directed from the franc of the radome, the antenna is controlled and driven to be oriented as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This corresponds to the angle 0 degree of the measurement.
As seen from the tables of Figs. 5 and 6, the receiving C/N ratio of the~antenna mounted at the front of the radome is 9.5 dB and the receiving C/N ratio of the antenna mounted at the rear is 8.75 dB. In the front mounting, the receiving C/N ratio is 1.5 dB lower than that attained when the radome is not attached because of the affect of the radome and the arrester. Tn the rear mounting, the receiving C/N ratio is 2.25 dB lower than 'that attained when the radome is not attached 2~.~.~2~~
;.:10 because of the affect by the two arresters arranged between the antennas. The receiving C/N ratios are different between the front mounting and the rear mounting depending on the angle of incidence of the ' electromagnetic wave, but when the radar charts of the antenna gains of Figs. 7 and 8 are combined, it provides an antenna gain which is uniform in substantially all directions. Namely, by combining the received signals from the two antennas, the output is substantially constant.
Hy demodulating the image signal by the tuner 13 and selecting a channel, the satellite broadcast can be watched on the monitor 19.
Figs. 10 and 11 show a mount position of the radome on the aeroplane.
<Second Fmbodiment>
..w The present mobile receiver for the satellite broadcast comprises a radome 1 made of FRP, directive array antennas 23, an inertial navigator 5 far outputting navigation data during flight, a control unit 27 for generating a control signal to select the ' array 'antennas 23 and a signal composition unit 29 for in-phase composing the outputs of the signals received from the array antennas 23. The control unit 27, the signal composition unit 29, the tuner 13 and the rnonitor 19 are accommodated in the fuselage of the aeroplane which is a pressurised area as shown in ~i~.~
.... , Z 1 Fig. 12 to protect them from a temperature change.
Only the array antennas 23 are mounted externally of the fuselage and are covered with the radome 1.
The radome 1, the inertial navigator 5, the tuner 13 and the monitor 19 which are designated by the same numerals as those of the first embodiment have been explained above and the explanation thereof is omitted here.
The inertial navigator 5 generates a control signal to select the array antennas 23.
During the flight, a temperature of inside of the radome 1 and a temperature of outside of the radome 1 are substantially same and a very large temperature change is encountered. Accordingly, the substrate material of the array antennas 3 is preferably same as that of the first embodiment.
A configuration of the aeroplane-mounted mobile receiver for the satellite broadcast is now explained.
Twelve array antennas 23 are arranged in the radome 1 which is outside of the fuselage. Each array antenna 23 is divided into 6 x 4 blocks (not shown) and signals ' received by the array antenna 23 are in-phase composed by the in-phase composition circuit 37 after the received signals have been converted to intermediate frequency, and the in-phase composed signal is supplied to the signal composition unit 29 in the fuselage as a output of the array antenna 23. On the other hand, the - ~2 - ~i~.0"~~~
control unit 27 calculates the direction of the broadcasting satellite on the basis of the data of the inertial navigator 5 mounted in the aeroplane, determines the array antennas 23 which can currently rece~.ve the electromagnetic wave, and the control unit 27 sends a control signal to the signal composition circuit 29. The signal composition unit 29 selects two or more optimum signals from the outputs of the twelve array antennas 23 on the basis of the control signal from the control unit 27 and in-phase composes them.
Figs. 13 and l~ show a method for mounting the array antennas 23 in the radome Z on the fuselage of the aeroplane. In the present embodiment, twelve array antennas 23 having a vertically and b horizontally are arranged at a pitch of 30 degrees. An elevation is at an angle 0 relative to the mounting plane. Each array antenna 23 is divided into 6 x 4 blocks (not shown) and all of the 24 blocks are in-phase composed to produce 'the output of ane array antenna 23. The number, mounting angle, the number of divisions and the manner of divis~.ons of the array antennas 23 may be changed depending on the directivity of the basic antenna element. In accordance with the present invention, the antennas may be directed to the broadcasting satellite without regard to the number of apparatus by a simple circuit by using the navigation data derived from 'the inertial navigator the arrester bonded to the surface .~':.j . ~~.
.. 13 of the radome significantly affects to the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave in view of the positional relation with the antennas mounted in the radome, but the electromagnetic wave of the broadcasting satellite can be received at a very high level by in-phase composing the electromagnetic waves received by the plurality of antennas arranged in the radome.
Since the present apparatus uses the total electronic tracking system, the reliability is improved and the faster tracking is attained.
Accordingly, the electromagnetic wave of the broadcasting satellite can be stably received at all attitudes of the aeroplane.
Claims (20)
1. A mobile receiver for a satellite broadcast that includes a video image signal, comprising:
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclinations and rotation angles of said antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrestor including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrestor being disposed relative to said antennas such that each antenna is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said antennas has a substantially constant level regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclinations and rotation angles of said antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrestor including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrestor being disposed relative to said antennas such that each antenna is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said antennas has a substantially constant level regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
2. A mobile receiver according to claim 1, wherein said antennas are mounted on a fuselage, externally of a pressurized area of the airplane.
3. A mobile receiver for a satellite broadcast that includes a video image signal, comprising:
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional planar antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said directional planar antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective directional planar antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclination and rotation angles of said directional planar antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said directional planar antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said directional planar antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrester including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrester being disposed relative to said directional planar antennas such that each of said directional planar antennas is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said directional planar antennas has a substantially constant level regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional planar antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said directional planar antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective directional planar antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclination and rotation angles of said directional planar antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said directional planar antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said directional planar antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrester including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrester being disposed relative to said directional planar antennas such that each of said directional planar antennas is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said directional planar antennas has a substantially constant level regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
4. A mobile receiver according to claim 3, wherein the number of said antennas is two and the number of said laterally oriented metal members is four, and two of said laterally oriented metal members have positions, along a longitudinal direction of said radome, between those of the two antennas.
5. A mobile receiver according to claim 3, wherein there are two of said laterally oriented metal members disposed between each adjacent pair of said antennas along a longitudinal direction of said radome.
6. A mobile receiver according to claim 3, wherein the crossing point corresponding to each antenna is substantially coincident with a rotation axis of that antenna.
7. A mobile receiver according to claim 1, wherein the number of said antennas is two and the number of said laterally oriented metal members is four, and two of said laterally oriented metal members have positions, along a longitudinal direction of said radome, between those of the two antennas.
8. A mobile receiver according to claim 1, wherein there are two of said laterally oriented metal members disposed between each adjacent pair of said antennas along a longitudinal direction of said radome.
9. A mobile receiver according to claim 1, wherein the crossing point corresponding to each antenna is substantially coincident with a rotation axis of that antenna.
10. A mobile receiver according to claim 3, wherein said antennas are mounted on a fuselage, externally of a pressurized area of the airplane.
11. A mobile receiver for a satellite broadcast that includes a video image signal, comprising:
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclinations and rotation angles of said antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrestor including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrestor being disposed relative to said antennas such that each antenna is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said antennas has at least the same or larger than an output C/N of any single one of said antennas regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclinations and rotation angles of said antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrestor including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrestor being disposed relative to said antennas such that each antenna is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said antennas has at least the same or larger than an output C/N of any single one of said antennas regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
12. A mobile receiver according to claim 11, wherein the number of said antennas is two and the number of said laterally oriented metal members is four, and two of said laterally oriented metal members have positions, along a longitudinal direction of said radome, between those of the two antennas.
13. A mobile receiver according to claim 11, wherein there are two of said laterally oriented metal members disposed between each adjacent pair of said antennas along a longitudinal direction of said radome.
14. A mobile receiver according to claim 11, wherein the crossing point corresponding to each antenna is substantially coincident with a rotation axis of that antenna.
15. A mobile receiver according to claim 11, wherein said antennas are mounted on a fuselage, externally of a pressurized area of the airplane.
16. A mobile receiver for a satellite broadcast that includes a video image signal, comprising:
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional planar antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said directional planar antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective directional planar antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclination and rotation angles of said directional planar antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said directional planar antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said directional planar antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrester including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrester being disposed relative to said directional planar antennas such that each of said directional planar antennas is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said directional planar antennas has at least the same or greater than an output C/N of any single one of said directional planar antennas regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
a radome having a lightning arrester mounted thereon;
a plurality of directional planar antennas constructed to receive the satellite broadcast, said directional planar antennas being covered by said radome and mounted to corresponding drives that adjust inclinations and rotation angles of the respective directional planar antennas;
an inertial navigation unit for generating a navigation signal representing a position and an attitude of an airplane;
control means for generating an antenna control signal for controlling the antenna drives, based on the navigation signal from said navigation unit and pre-stored information indicating a position of the satellite, the antenna drives adjusting the inclination and rotation angles of said directional planar antennas in accordance with the antenna control signal from said control means to orient said directional planar antennas toward the satellite; and composition means for in-phase combining outputs from said directional planar antennas in an intermediate frequency (IF) band;
said lightning arrester including a metal member oriented longitudinally of said radome and a plurality of metal members oriented laterally of said radome and crossing said longitudinally oriented metal member at crossing points spaced longitudinally along said radome, the metal members of said lightning arrester being disposed relative to said directional planar antennas such that each of said directional planar antennas is situated beneath a corresponding crossing point, and such that the combination of outputs from said directional planar antennas has at least the same or greater than an output C/N of any single one of said directional planar antennas regardless of the position and attitude of the airplane during receipt of the satellite broadcast.
17. A mobile receiver according to claim 16, wherein the number of said antennas is two and the number of said laterally oriented metal members is four, and two of said laterally oriented metal members have positions, along a longitudinal direction of said radome, between those of the two antennas.
18. A mobile receiver according to claim 16, wherein there are two of said laterally oriented metal members disposed between each adjacent pair of said antennas along a longitudinal direction of said radome.
19. A mobile receiver according to claim 16, wherein the crossing point corresponding to each antenna is substantially coincident with a rotation axis of that antenna.
20. A mobile receiver according to claim 16, wherein said antennas are mounted on a fuselage, externally of a pressurized area of the airplane.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4-320445 | 1992-11-30 | ||
| JP4320445A JPH06169274A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | Satellite broadcast mobile receiver |
| JP4-320444 | 1992-11-30 | ||
| JP32044492A JP3306758B2 (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1992-11-30 | Satellite broadcasting mobile receiver |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2110205A1 CA2110205A1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| CA2110205C true CA2110205C (en) | 1999-11-23 |
Family
ID=26570089
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002110205A Expired - Fee Related CA2110205C (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-29 | Mobile receiver for satellite broadcast |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5678171A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0600699B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2110205C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69324771T2 (en) |
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1993
- 1993-11-29 EP EP93309519A patent/EP0600699B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-29 DE DE69324771T patent/DE69324771T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-29 CA CA002110205A patent/CA2110205C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-05-08 US US08/646,560 patent/US5678171A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0600699A1 (en) | 1994-06-08 |
| US5678171A (en) | 1997-10-14 |
| DE69324771D1 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
| DE69324771T2 (en) | 1999-09-09 |
| EP0600699B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
| CA2110205A1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
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