CA2117069A1 - Process and apparatus for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces

Info

Publication number
CA2117069A1
CA2117069A1 CA002117069A CA2117069A CA2117069A1 CA 2117069 A1 CA2117069 A1 CA 2117069A1 CA 002117069 A CA002117069 A CA 002117069A CA 2117069 A CA2117069 A CA 2117069A CA 2117069 A1 CA2117069 A1 CA 2117069A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
microns
refractory metal
layer
workpieces
fluidized bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002117069A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2117069C (en
Inventor
Willard E. Kemp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kemp Development Corp
Original Assignee
Willard E. Kemp
Kemp Development Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Willard E. Kemp, Kemp Development Corporation filed Critical Willard E. Kemp
Publication of CA2117069A1 publication Critical patent/CA2117069A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2117069C publication Critical patent/CA2117069C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/53—Heating in fluidised beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

A process and apparatus for forming a hardened outer shell (40) on a refractory metal workpiece (36) preferably heated in a fluidized bed of metallic oxide particles (38) in an environment of an inert gas and a reactive gas with the reactive gas either oxygen or nitrogen. The workpieces (36) are heated in the fluidized bed to a temperature between 800 °F and 1,600 °F for a period of over two hours to form hardened outer shell (40) in wo layers (42, 44). Outer layer (42) is an oxide or nitride layer having a thickness (T1) between microns and 25 microns. Inner layer (44) is a case hardened layer of the refractory metal having a thickness (T2) between 25 microns and 75 microns. In one embodiment (Figure 3) workpieces (56) may be cold worked by peening from finely divided metal oxide particles (54) to provide a uniform surface texture for subsequent hardening.
CA002117069A 1991-09-20 1992-07-22 Process and apparatus for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces Expired - Fee Related CA2117069C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/763,339 US5316594A (en) 1990-01-18 1991-09-20 Process for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces
US763,339 1991-09-20
PCT/US1992/006088 WO1993006257A1 (en) 1991-09-20 1992-07-22 Process and apparatus for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2117069A1 true CA2117069A1 (en) 1993-04-01
CA2117069C CA2117069C (en) 2004-07-06

Family

ID=25067547

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002117069A Expired - Fee Related CA2117069C (en) 1991-09-20 1992-07-22 Process and apparatus for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US5316594A (en)
EP (1) EP0605444B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3260371B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2117069C (en)
WO (1) WO1993006257A1 (en)

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US5316594A (en) * 1990-01-18 1994-05-31 Fike Corporation Process for surface hardening of refractory metal workpieces
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EP0846783A4 (en) * 1996-03-27 2000-02-02 Sumitomo Sitix Of Amagasaki In Method for color development of metallic titanium, and black titanium and colored titanium prepared by said method
US6451129B2 (en) * 1996-07-18 2002-09-17 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Titanium-base decoration member and method for curing the same
US6585772B2 (en) * 1997-03-27 2003-07-01 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Method of surface oxidizing zirconium and zirconium alloys and resulting product
AU736216B2 (en) * 1997-03-27 2001-07-26 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Method of surface oxidizing zirconium alloys and resulting product
GB9715175D0 (en) * 1997-07-19 1997-09-24 Univ Birmingham Method of case hardening
EP0922786B1 (en) * 1997-11-25 2012-10-24 Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. Method for forming ceramic coated products
JP3496923B2 (en) * 1998-08-18 2004-02-16 株式会社不二機販 Photocatalyst coating molding and molding method
US6251337B1 (en) 1999-09-13 2001-06-26 Acton Materials, Inc. Apparatus and method for treating a particulate material within a rotating retort
JP3745177B2 (en) 1999-11-18 2006-02-15 Ｙｋｋ株式会社 Surface-cured amorphous alloy molded article and method for producing the same
JP2003073796A (en) * 2001-09-03 2003-03-12 Fuji Oozx Inc Surface treatment method for titanium-based material
US6506048B1 (en) 2001-11-01 2003-01-14 Procedyne Corp. Apparatus and method for transferring heat treated parts
GB0216527D0 (en) * 2002-07-16 2002-08-28 Boc Group Plc Thermal treatment method
JP2006506525A (en) * 2002-11-15 2006-02-23 ユニバーシティ・オブ・ユタ・リサーチ・ファウンデーション Integrated titanium boride coating on titanium surfaces and related methods
US20040148033A1 (en) * 2003-01-24 2004-07-29 Schroeder David Wayne Wear surface for metal-on-metal articulation
US7520947B2 (en) * 2003-05-23 2009-04-21 Ati Properties, Inc. Cobalt alloys, methods of making cobalt alloys, and implants and articles of manufacture made therefrom
DE102004021043A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Surface treatment method
US7473278B2 (en) 2004-09-16 2009-01-06 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Method of surface oxidizing zirconium and zirconium alloys and resulting product
US7790216B2 (en) * 2005-04-19 2010-09-07 Zimmer Technology, Inc. Method for producing a zirconia-layered orthopedic implant component
US7459105B2 (en) * 2005-05-10 2008-12-02 University Of Utah Research Foundation Nanostructured titanium monoboride monolithic material and associated methods
ES2606666T3 (en) * 2005-12-15 2017-03-27 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Medical implant hardened by diffusion
US8795441B2 (en) * 2006-04-26 2014-08-05 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Reworking of surface oxidized and nitrided components
US8133553B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2012-03-13 Zimmer, Inc. Process for forming a ceramic layer
US8790345B2 (en) * 2007-08-21 2014-07-29 Zimmer, Inc. Titanium alloy with oxidized zirconium for a prosthetic implant
GB0805224D0 (en) * 2008-03-20 2008-04-30 Minebea Co Ltd An aerospace bearing component
GB0813667D0 (en) * 2008-07-25 2008-09-03 Boc Group Plc Case hardening titanium and its alloys
US8361381B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2013-01-29 Smith & Nephew, Inc. Medical implants having a porous coated surface
US20100176339A1 (en) * 2009-01-12 2010-07-15 Chandran K S Ravi Jewelry having titanium boride compounds and methods of making the same
US8716637B2 (en) * 2009-06-18 2014-05-06 Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc Fluidized bed heat treating system
US20110083593A1 (en) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-14 AirClean Technologies, Inc. Fluidized combustor
US8398929B2 (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-03-19 Nitride Solutions, Inc. Device and method for producing a tubular refractory metal compound structure
US9732394B2 (en) * 2012-05-17 2017-08-15 United Technologies Corporation Manufacturing process for aerospace bearing rolling elements
CN106637049A (en) * 2017-01-03 2017-05-10 中山源谥真空科技有限公司 Pure titanium or titanium alloy and surface hardening method thereof
CN113718190A (en) * 2021-09-15 2021-11-30 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 Method for improving boiling nitric acid corrosion resistance and wear resistance of zirconium alloy

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0605444A1 (en) 1994-07-13
EP0605444B1 (en) 1996-09-04
US5316594A (en) 1994-05-31
JPH07502073A (en) 1995-03-02
EP0605444A4 (en) 1994-11-17
CA2117069C (en) 2004-07-06
WO1993006257A1 (en) 1993-04-01
JP3260371B2 (en) 2002-02-25
US5399207A (en) 1995-03-21

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