CA2139732A1 - An instantaneously self-foaming liquid cleansing composition and dispenser therefor - Google Patents
An instantaneously self-foaming liquid cleansing composition and dispenser thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA2139732A1 CA2139732A1 CA002139732A CA2139732A CA2139732A1 CA 2139732 A1 CA2139732 A1 CA 2139732A1 CA 002139732 A CA002139732 A CA 002139732A CA 2139732 A CA2139732 A CA 2139732A CA 2139732 A1 CA2139732 A1 CA 2139732A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- liquid
- dispenser
- self
- foaming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0043—For use with aerosol devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
- A47K5/00—Holders or dispensers for soap, toothpaste, or the like
- A47K5/06—Dispensers for soap
- A47K5/12—Dispensers for soap for liquid or pasty soap
- A47K5/122—Dispensers for soap for liquid or pasty soap using squeeze bottles or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q9/00—Preparations for removing hair or for aiding hair removal
- A61Q9/02—Shaving preparations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/04—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles
- B05B11/047—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles characterised by the outlet or venting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/04—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles
- B05B11/048—Deformable containers producing the flow, e.g. squeeze bottles characterised by the container, e.g. this latter being surrounded by an enclosure, or the means for deforming it
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/32—Containers adapted to be temporarily deformed by external pressure to expel contents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/02—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C211/15—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C229/00—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
- C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
- C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C309/13—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups, bound to the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0094—High foaming compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
Abstract
The present invention relates to a self-foaming, self-leveling aqueous liquid composition packageable in a non-pressurized deformable dispenser of flexible barrier material adapted to contain, maintain and dispense a pro-portioned amount of the cleansing composition under positive pressure. The composition comprises: a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid in amounts sufficient to provide the liquid composition, which when con-tained in a dispenser exerts a positive vapor pressure at least at about 1.6°C.
The composition is dispensed as a liquid under normal operating conditions, which liquid foams instantaneously and spontaneously on spreading.
The composition is dispensed as a liquid under normal operating conditions, which liquid foams instantaneously and spontaneously on spreading.
Description
AN INSTANTANEOUSLY SELF-FOAMING LIQUID CLEANSING
CCMPOSITION AND DISPENSER THEREFOR
The present invention relates to a novel self-foaming aqueous I iquid cleansi ng5 composition. More particulariy, the present invention relates to a liquid cleansing composition which is packagable in a non-pressuri~ed dispenser made of barrier material, which is squeezable and equipped with a positive shut-off valve.
Conventional personal care and household cleaning products are available either as solids or as liquids. Solid cleaning products include bar soap, which can be whip,ned up into a lather by agitation with hands, or a brush in the case of a shaving soap; or powders which are normally first dissolved in water and then agitated to prepare a lather. Bar soaps and powders may cause unsightly residues on sinks, bath tubs and showers if exposed to water. This also results in waste of products.
Liquid cleaning products are generally available as thick liquids, such as shampoos, shower gels, or liquid soaps, which are difficult to foam and take ti me, dextenty, and special manipulation to dispense from their containers and to foam and lather.
The use of aqueous post foaming compositions in the form of a gel in personal care products such as shaving ~reams, toothpaste, and shower gels has been known in the art for several years. IIOA~ ~er, thffe products are generally packaged in rigid pressurized aerosol 20 containers such as the SEPRO'' (Trademark of Continental Can Company, U.S.A., Inc.) can or piston cans with propellant gases contained therein. Such aerosol containers are expensive to manufacture and ship. The propellants used therein do notform an integral part of the composition and are typically compartmentalized from the product to provide the positive pressure needed to aid in the dispensation of the prod uct. Such contai ners are known i n the 25 i ndustry as barrier packages because they provide the barrier betvveen the extraneous propellants and the cG..,po,iL.on to be dispensed. The propeilant gases released to the atmosphere by use of such containers are increasingly unacceptable environmentally. The aerosol containers for dispensing post foaming gels typically contain these products under pressures rangi ng from 308 kPa to 420 kPa (44 psig to 60 psig) above the atmospheric pressu re 30 at ambient temperatures, and dispense about less than four gram/sec of the prod uct at a given time.
Some personal care products like shaving lathers, and mousses are characteristically dispensed as foams and are contai ned i n the pressurized dispensers designed to maintain or increase the inside vapor pressures of the product from 350 kPa to 700 kPa (50 35 psig to 100 psig) and to dispense between about 5 to about 6 grams/sec of the product at a given time.
U.S. patents 4,726,944, and 4,744,979 disclose post foaming liquid compositions which have vapor pressures less than atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. These WO 94/0210~, l3 91'3 ~ PCI/US93/07032 cc"-,posiLionscanbepouredontotheskinorothersurface,rubbedupto60secondsto generdle foam.
None of the prior art, however, discloses a self foaming aqueous liquid composition that 1) is packa~hle in a non-pressurized container of barrier material, 2) 5 contains a pressure agent which forms an integral part of the composition, 3) exerts a positive pressure above atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures when packaged, and 4) is dispensed as a liquid which foams instantaneously on spreading with a single motion and develops into copious foam.
Moreover, none of the prior art discloses a non-pressurized dispenser of a barrier material with a head space, which is not separated from the product by a barrier. The package is capable of 1 ) containing a self foaming aqueous liquid composition under positive pressure, that is, vapor pressure of the composition being above atmospheric pressure but below 280 kPa (40 psig) at ambient temperatures, and 2) dispensi ng varying amounts of the composition i n a liquid form by the operation of a positive shut-off valve.
It has been discovered that an aqueous liquid co. . .posi Lion of the present i nvention exerts a positive pressure above al.. .o,~he- ic pressure at least at about 1 .6C and is packagable in a non-pressurized dispenser of barrier material. The liquid composition of the invention is substantially free from foaming before dispensation and is dispensed as a liquid and foams spc r.ldneously and instantaneously when spread on a surface with a single motion, 20 and develops into a rich lather.
Inoneembodiment,theinventionrelatestoanaqueousself-foaming,self-leveling liquid cG..-posi lion, comprising: a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid in amounts sufficient to provide the composition which when contained in a dispenser exerts a positive 25 vaporpressureatleastatabout 1.6~C(about35F); thecomposition beingdispensed asa liquid under normal operating conditions, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a non-pressurized dispenser of a flexible barrier material for the self-foaming aqueous liquid composition of the present invention, comprising a vessel formed with deformable peripheral walls, having an 30 open neck, and a closure member associated with the neck of the dispenser, the closure member having a positive shut-off valve member adapted to controllably dispense a propGi lioned amount of the self-foaming cc.",oosiLion in a liquid form.
In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a package, comprising: (A) a non-pressurized dispenser of a flexible barrier material for an aqueous self 35 foaming liquid composition, the dispenser comprising a vessei formed with deformable peripheral walls, having an open neck, and a closure member associated with the neck of the dispenser, the closure member comprising a positive shut-off valve member adapted to controllably dispense a P(O,bO- lioned amount of the self-foaming, self-leveling composition in WO 94/02109 2 I 3 ~ 7 3 ~ PCr/US93/07032 a liquid form, the cc,."~,ilion being so packaged in the dispenser as to provide a head space above the liquid; and (B) an aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid CC lllj;~05i Lion, co."p. ising: a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent cc" "~,, i,ing at least one al i phatic hyd~ocdl L,on fl uid i n amounts sufficient to provide the 5 composition which exerts a positive vapor pressure againstthe peripheral walls of the dispenseratleastatabout1.6C;thecG""~o~ilionbeingdispensedasaliquidundernormal operating conditions, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
In describing the invention in detail"eference will be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure l is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a dispenser of self-foaming liquid co""oo,i Lion in accordance with this invention.
Figures 2A and 2B are pe"~,e-live opposing ends on views of the closure member for the dispenser of Figure l .
Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross section view of the dispenser of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side view of a dispenser of the present invention similar to Figure l taken while the dispenser is in ope~d~on.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross section view of the dispenser of Figure 4.
NSelf-leveling liquid composition" for purposes of the present invention is defined as a composition which remains free from foaming inside a dispenser under varying 20 ambient te",pera~ures and pressures, and includes flowable Newtonian liquids, thixotropic liquids, and thin gels, which flow to the bottom of the dispenser as the dispenser is inverted.
Self-foamingliquidco",po,ilion",asdescribed herein,referstoacomposition which is dispensed as a liquid under normal operating conditions, and not as a foam. The liquid foams spon~aneously, and instantaneously on spreading with a single motion.
Normal operating conditions involve a broad range of temperature variations that are encountered by the consumer for the intended use of the composition as well as those encountered in shipping, warehousing and merchandising.
Water is a major essential component of the composition of the present invention. Water is necessary to provide both the desired foaming and the lathering qualities 30 and is used in quantities sufficient to obtain the liquid of desired viscosity. It has been found that at least about 50 percent and preferably from 60 percent to 80 percent by weight of the composition should be water, although higher amounts may bc employed if desired, for example, up to about 95 percent by weight of the total composition.
An essential component of the post foaming composition of the present 35 invention is at least one surface active agent present in an amount from O. l oercent to 60 percent by weight of the composition. It has been found that any nonionic, anionic, or amphoteric surfactants, when used alone, will provide the composition of the invention. When more than one surfactant is used, a mixture of the surfactants seleed from anionic, nonionic, wo 94/021~l3913~ PCI/US93/07032 cationic, and a,..phol~"c surfactants wili provide the cci~ ~Lion of the invention. Numerous surface active agents or surfactants, suitable for use in the present cc....po~i Lion, are described in detail in McCutcheon's "Emulsifiers and D~Lergents", 1991. ~eferably, the surface active agent is present in an amount from 1.0 percent to 30.0 percent by weight, based on the weight 5 of the composilion.
Another essenti a I i ngred ient of the COI - pO5i lion is a dual purpose pressu re agent which forms an integral part of the compo~i lion. The dual purpose pressure agent is equilibrated between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the head space above the liquid phase i n the dispenser. In the I iquid phase, the dual purpose agent is present i n suspended, emulsified,dispersed,orsolubilizedform. Thedual purposepressureagentfuifillstwo purposes: first purpose being that it funnions as a dispensing aid, and the second purpose being that it functions as a foaming aid.
The dual purpose pressure agent functions as a dispensing aid by providing a co, . .posi Lion which exerts a positive vapor pressure from 0.7 kilo Pascals (kPa) to 280 kPa (0.1 to 40 pounds per square inch (psi)) above the dL,..G,phe(-c prffsure at least at about 1 .6C and above. The equilibrium vapor pressure of the dual purpose prffsure agent in the head space of thedispensereffectsthedis~ensdLionofthecc,..,po,ilionfromthedispenser. Thepositive pressure in the head space is maintained by a shift in the equilibrium vapor pressure of the pressure agent each time the valve is actuated.
The use of the dual purpose agent as described hereinabove eliminates the need for the expensive compartmentalized aerosol containers of the prior art, and the use thereby of excess propellant gases needed to maintai n the higher positive pressures for dispensation of the product contained therein.
The dual purpose pressure agent functions as a foaming aid in that it volati lizes 25 spontaneouslyondispensationcausingthecc.".po~i(iontofoaminstantaneouslyonspreading with a single motion and to develop into a rich lather.
The dual purpose prffsure agent comprises at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid which is a liquefiable gas or a gaseous hydrocarbon at room temperature. The gaseous hydrocarbon is preferably selected from isobutane, butane, and neopentane. The dual 30 purpose pressure agent may further comprise at least one non-polar liquid which is substantiallyinsolubleinwater. Numerouswater-insolublenon-polarliquidsaredescribedin detail in McCutcheon's "Functional Ingredients", 1991 "Substantially insoluble" as used herein means liquids which are less than about0.1 percent by weight soluble in water.
The water-insoluble non-polar liquid may be a substantially water insoluble nonvolatile silicone oil. The silicone oil includes, for example, polyalkylsiloxanes, polyaryl-siloxanff, polyalkyarylsiloxanes, polysioxane gums, dihydroxypolysiloxane, and polyethersiloxane copolymers.
CCMPOSITION AND DISPENSER THEREFOR
The present invention relates to a novel self-foaming aqueous I iquid cleansi ng5 composition. More particulariy, the present invention relates to a liquid cleansing composition which is packagable in a non-pressuri~ed dispenser made of barrier material, which is squeezable and equipped with a positive shut-off valve.
Conventional personal care and household cleaning products are available either as solids or as liquids. Solid cleaning products include bar soap, which can be whip,ned up into a lather by agitation with hands, or a brush in the case of a shaving soap; or powders which are normally first dissolved in water and then agitated to prepare a lather. Bar soaps and powders may cause unsightly residues on sinks, bath tubs and showers if exposed to water. This also results in waste of products.
Liquid cleaning products are generally available as thick liquids, such as shampoos, shower gels, or liquid soaps, which are difficult to foam and take ti me, dextenty, and special manipulation to dispense from their containers and to foam and lather.
The use of aqueous post foaming compositions in the form of a gel in personal care products such as shaving ~reams, toothpaste, and shower gels has been known in the art for several years. IIOA~ ~er, thffe products are generally packaged in rigid pressurized aerosol 20 containers such as the SEPRO'' (Trademark of Continental Can Company, U.S.A., Inc.) can or piston cans with propellant gases contained therein. Such aerosol containers are expensive to manufacture and ship. The propellants used therein do notform an integral part of the composition and are typically compartmentalized from the product to provide the positive pressure needed to aid in the dispensation of the prod uct. Such contai ners are known i n the 25 i ndustry as barrier packages because they provide the barrier betvveen the extraneous propellants and the cG..,po,iL.on to be dispensed. The propeilant gases released to the atmosphere by use of such containers are increasingly unacceptable environmentally. The aerosol containers for dispensing post foaming gels typically contain these products under pressures rangi ng from 308 kPa to 420 kPa (44 psig to 60 psig) above the atmospheric pressu re 30 at ambient temperatures, and dispense about less than four gram/sec of the prod uct at a given time.
Some personal care products like shaving lathers, and mousses are characteristically dispensed as foams and are contai ned i n the pressurized dispensers designed to maintain or increase the inside vapor pressures of the product from 350 kPa to 700 kPa (50 35 psig to 100 psig) and to dispense between about 5 to about 6 grams/sec of the product at a given time.
U.S. patents 4,726,944, and 4,744,979 disclose post foaming liquid compositions which have vapor pressures less than atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures. These WO 94/0210~, l3 91'3 ~ PCI/US93/07032 cc"-,posiLionscanbepouredontotheskinorothersurface,rubbedupto60secondsto generdle foam.
None of the prior art, however, discloses a self foaming aqueous liquid composition that 1) is packa~hle in a non-pressurized container of barrier material, 2) 5 contains a pressure agent which forms an integral part of the composition, 3) exerts a positive pressure above atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures when packaged, and 4) is dispensed as a liquid which foams instantaneously on spreading with a single motion and develops into copious foam.
Moreover, none of the prior art discloses a non-pressurized dispenser of a barrier material with a head space, which is not separated from the product by a barrier. The package is capable of 1 ) containing a self foaming aqueous liquid composition under positive pressure, that is, vapor pressure of the composition being above atmospheric pressure but below 280 kPa (40 psig) at ambient temperatures, and 2) dispensi ng varying amounts of the composition i n a liquid form by the operation of a positive shut-off valve.
It has been discovered that an aqueous liquid co. . .posi Lion of the present i nvention exerts a positive pressure above al.. .o,~he- ic pressure at least at about 1 .6C and is packagable in a non-pressurized dispenser of barrier material. The liquid composition of the invention is substantially free from foaming before dispensation and is dispensed as a liquid and foams spc r.ldneously and instantaneously when spread on a surface with a single motion, 20 and develops into a rich lather.
Inoneembodiment,theinventionrelatestoanaqueousself-foaming,self-leveling liquid cG..-posi lion, comprising: a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid in amounts sufficient to provide the composition which when contained in a dispenser exerts a positive 25 vaporpressureatleastatabout 1.6~C(about35F); thecomposition beingdispensed asa liquid under normal operating conditions, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a non-pressurized dispenser of a flexible barrier material for the self-foaming aqueous liquid composition of the present invention, comprising a vessel formed with deformable peripheral walls, having an 30 open neck, and a closure member associated with the neck of the dispenser, the closure member having a positive shut-off valve member adapted to controllably dispense a propGi lioned amount of the self-foaming cc.",oosiLion in a liquid form.
In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a package, comprising: (A) a non-pressurized dispenser of a flexible barrier material for an aqueous self 35 foaming liquid composition, the dispenser comprising a vessei formed with deformable peripheral walls, having an open neck, and a closure member associated with the neck of the dispenser, the closure member comprising a positive shut-off valve member adapted to controllably dispense a P(O,bO- lioned amount of the self-foaming, self-leveling composition in WO 94/02109 2 I 3 ~ 7 3 ~ PCr/US93/07032 a liquid form, the cc,."~,ilion being so packaged in the dispenser as to provide a head space above the liquid; and (B) an aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid CC lllj;~05i Lion, co."p. ising: a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent cc" "~,, i,ing at least one al i phatic hyd~ocdl L,on fl uid i n amounts sufficient to provide the 5 composition which exerts a positive vapor pressure againstthe peripheral walls of the dispenseratleastatabout1.6C;thecG""~o~ilionbeingdispensedasaliquidundernormal operating conditions, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
In describing the invention in detail"eference will be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure l is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a dispenser of self-foaming liquid co""oo,i Lion in accordance with this invention.
Figures 2A and 2B are pe"~,e-live opposing ends on views of the closure member for the dispenser of Figure l .
Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross section view of the dispenser of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side view of a dispenser of the present invention similar to Figure l taken while the dispenser is in ope~d~on.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross section view of the dispenser of Figure 4.
NSelf-leveling liquid composition" for purposes of the present invention is defined as a composition which remains free from foaming inside a dispenser under varying 20 ambient te",pera~ures and pressures, and includes flowable Newtonian liquids, thixotropic liquids, and thin gels, which flow to the bottom of the dispenser as the dispenser is inverted.
Self-foamingliquidco",po,ilion",asdescribed herein,referstoacomposition which is dispensed as a liquid under normal operating conditions, and not as a foam. The liquid foams spon~aneously, and instantaneously on spreading with a single motion.
Normal operating conditions involve a broad range of temperature variations that are encountered by the consumer for the intended use of the composition as well as those encountered in shipping, warehousing and merchandising.
Water is a major essential component of the composition of the present invention. Water is necessary to provide both the desired foaming and the lathering qualities 30 and is used in quantities sufficient to obtain the liquid of desired viscosity. It has been found that at least about 50 percent and preferably from 60 percent to 80 percent by weight of the composition should be water, although higher amounts may bc employed if desired, for example, up to about 95 percent by weight of the total composition.
An essential component of the post foaming composition of the present 35 invention is at least one surface active agent present in an amount from O. l oercent to 60 percent by weight of the composition. It has been found that any nonionic, anionic, or amphoteric surfactants, when used alone, will provide the composition of the invention. When more than one surfactant is used, a mixture of the surfactants seleed from anionic, nonionic, wo 94/021~l3913~ PCI/US93/07032 cationic, and a,..phol~"c surfactants wili provide the cci~ ~Lion of the invention. Numerous surface active agents or surfactants, suitable for use in the present cc....po~i Lion, are described in detail in McCutcheon's "Emulsifiers and D~Lergents", 1991. ~eferably, the surface active agent is present in an amount from 1.0 percent to 30.0 percent by weight, based on the weight 5 of the composilion.
Another essenti a I i ngred ient of the COI - pO5i lion is a dual purpose pressu re agent which forms an integral part of the compo~i lion. The dual purpose pressure agent is equilibrated between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the head space above the liquid phase i n the dispenser. In the I iquid phase, the dual purpose agent is present i n suspended, emulsified,dispersed,orsolubilizedform. Thedual purposepressureagentfuifillstwo purposes: first purpose being that it funnions as a dispensing aid, and the second purpose being that it functions as a foaming aid.
The dual purpose pressure agent functions as a dispensing aid by providing a co, . .posi Lion which exerts a positive vapor pressure from 0.7 kilo Pascals (kPa) to 280 kPa (0.1 to 40 pounds per square inch (psi)) above the dL,..G,phe(-c prffsure at least at about 1 .6C and above. The equilibrium vapor pressure of the dual purpose prffsure agent in the head space of thedispensereffectsthedis~ensdLionofthecc,..,po,ilionfromthedispenser. Thepositive pressure in the head space is maintained by a shift in the equilibrium vapor pressure of the pressure agent each time the valve is actuated.
The use of the dual purpose agent as described hereinabove eliminates the need for the expensive compartmentalized aerosol containers of the prior art, and the use thereby of excess propellant gases needed to maintai n the higher positive pressures for dispensation of the product contained therein.
The dual purpose pressure agent functions as a foaming aid in that it volati lizes 25 spontaneouslyondispensationcausingthecc.".po~i(iontofoaminstantaneouslyonspreading with a single motion and to develop into a rich lather.
The dual purpose prffsure agent comprises at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid which is a liquefiable gas or a gaseous hydrocarbon at room temperature. The gaseous hydrocarbon is preferably selected from isobutane, butane, and neopentane. The dual 30 purpose pressure agent may further comprise at least one non-polar liquid which is substantiallyinsolubleinwater. Numerouswater-insolublenon-polarliquidsaredescribedin detail in McCutcheon's "Functional Ingredients", 1991 "Substantially insoluble" as used herein means liquids which are less than about0.1 percent by weight soluble in water.
The water-insoluble non-polar liquid may be a substantially water insoluble nonvolatile silicone oil. The silicone oil includes, for example, polyalkylsiloxanes, polyaryl-siloxanff, polyalkyarylsiloxanes, polysioxane gums, dihydroxypolysiloxane, and polyethersiloxane copolymers.
WO 94/02109 2 1 3 9 7 3 2 PCI`/US93/07032 Thewater-insoluble non-polar liquid is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon whichexists as a liquid at room te,.,~erdlure, or is a liquid hydrocarbon. Illustrative but not limiting of the liquid h~ ocarL.ons include: isopentane, pentane, n-hexane, isohexane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, and mineral oil.
The vapor pressure of the aliphatic hydrocarbon fluids is primarily responsible for thevaporpressureoftheco,..po,ilion. Ithasbeenfoundthathigherthevaporpressureofthe composition, the more rapidly the lather develops, but the composition may also be dispensed asafoam. Itisessentialforthepurposesofthisinventionthatthecompositionbesubstantially free from foaming, and is a liquid before and at the time of dispensation. The hydrocarbons may be so selected as to provide a composition exerti ng a positive pressure at least at about 1 .6C. It is preier, ~:d that the compositions exert a positive pressure at least at about 1 3C (55F).
Most prefer.ed compositions are those that exert a positive pressure at least at about 22~C. The choice of suitable hydrocarbons, alone or in combination; the concentration of hydrocarbons in the composition; and the relative ratios of component hydrocarbons if more than one hydrocarbon is used, are therefore, very critical to obtai n the composition of the i nvention.
The weight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to water-insoluble liquid generally varies in range from 5:95 to 50:50. Preferablytheweight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to water-insoluble liquid varies in range from 10:90 to 20:80. The dual purpose pressure agent typically comprises from 1 percent to 20 percent by weight of the composition.
Preferably, the dual purpose pressure agent is a single gaseous hydrocarbon, which is neope"lane. lt is suitably present in an amount from 1 percent to S percent by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
More preferably, the dual purpose pressure agent is a mixture of iso-butane or n-butane and a nonvolatile silicone oil. The nonvolatile silicone oil is preferably dimethicone.
Most preferably, the dual purpose prffsure agent is a mixture of at least one gaseous hydrocarLon selected from n-butane and iso-butane and at least one liquid hydrocarbon selected from iso-pentane, n-pentane, 2-3,dimethylbutane, n-hexane, isohexane, and mineral oil . A most p-ere- . ed dual purpose pressure agent is a mixture of iso-butane or n-butene and mineral oil. The weight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to liquid hydrocarbon typically variff in range from 0.5:99.5 to 99.5:0.5. Preferably the weight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to liquid hydrocarbon is in the range from 10:90 to 20:80. The most preferred ratio is 20-80.
The composition of the present invention may also contain minor amounts of conventional additional ingredients to impart desired characteristics to the comnosition.
35 Suitable additives include, for example, thickening agents, coloring agents, oerfumes, preservatives, antiseptic agents, antibacterial agents, disinfectants, emollients and humectants The composition may optionally contain a suspending agent or a thickening agents for imparting desired viscosity to the composition. Suitable thickening agents include, for WO 94/02109 213 9~ 3~ PCI/US93/07032 example, carboxy vinyl pcly.,lcr, available as a variety of CARBOPOL0 (registered trademark of B. F. Goodrich Company), carbomers, sodium polacrylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum and Xanthum gum. The cc.."~ilion may desirably contain conditioning agents such as PERMETHYL~ 1 04A (l,c,d~.,,ark of The Permethyl Corporation), a highly branched 5 hydrocarbon; glycerine; guar hydrox~v. opyl trimonimum chloride and fatty acid esters.
One pre~l:..ed example of the aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition of the present invention comprises about 76.5 percent water, about 17 percent ammonium lauryl sulfate, about 0.75 percent carboxy vinyl polymer, about 2 percent iso-octahexacontane, about 0.5 percent triethanolamine, about 2.6 percent isopentane, and about 0.6 percent isobutane.
The co",po,i~ions of the present invention are useful for a variety of topical applications including personal cleaning, household cleaning, as well as shaving preparations.
ThesecG".p~,ilionsareparticularlyusefulinshowertobeusedinlieuofbarsoapsand shampoos.
The fol lowing exampies are il lustrative of the co, I Ip~i lion of the present invention and is not il,lend~l as limitation of this invention, many apparent variations of which are possiblewithout departing from the spirit and scope thereof. The stated amounts of the ingredientsare parts by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLES 1~
The Examples 1-4 shown in Table 1, illustrate the use of a single surface activeagent, water and a pressure agent as a single co",ponent or as a mixture of components or a blend.
Surfactant Solution In these Examples 1-4, a surfactant solution was p,~,oared by mixing the stated 25 quantities of the surfactants and water.
Dual PurposePressureAqent The stated amounts of the pressure agent, as a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons or a blend is cooled to below 5~C, and mixed the above prepared surfactant solution via vigorous manual or mechanical shaking. The mixture is filled into an approp, iate 30 dispenserand immediatelysealed. Careistakentoavoid entrappingairduringthisoperation.
Pressure Measurement The vapor prffsure exerted by the cc lllpo,i Lion in the dispenser was measured as below:
An Instron was set to measure the load (force~ required to deform a flexible 35 walled disDenser filled with the composition. The dispenser was placed lengthwise on a table, and the Instron pushed down from the top so as to push against the head space of the dispenser. The load measurements were then cal ibrated usi ng the simi lar dispensers whi ch were pressurized with a known head space pressure (pounds per square i nch gauge (psig)) of ni l. I~gen.
The pressure exerted bythe cc --.posilion in the dispenser may also be measured by attaching a pressure gauge to the valve of the dispenser. Care should be taken to minimize 5 the introduction of oxygen from the air into the head space of the dispenser.
TABLE I
Parts by weight Examples 1 2 3 4 Surfactant Solution Water 97 97 60 60 Potassium Cetyl Sulfate (100 percent active) 3 3 -- _ Oleamine Oxide (50 percent active) - - 40 40 Pressure Agent Neopenldne 3 - ~ ~
Isobutane - 1.8 0 . 6 Isope. .~ne - - 2 . 4 Mineral Oil (100 percentactive) - 1.2 - 2 1 n-Butane - - - 0.9 Pressureat22C(kPa) 21 14 52.5 28 (72F3 (3 psig) (2 psig)(7.5 psig)(4 psig) Pressure at 43C (kPa~ 189 ( 1 1 0F) (27 psig) Examples 5-8 shown in Table ll, illustrate use of a blend of two surface active agents, water and a pressure agent blend. The Examples S-8 are prepared in the manner described above for Examples 1-~.
2~,39~ 3 TABLE ll Parts by weight E~all,pl~s 5 6 7 8 Surfactant Sol ution Water 54.28 44.29 56.67 70 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (anionic) (28 percent active) 35.72 35.71 - _ ~,.",oniumb Cocoyl Isethionate (anionic) 30 percent active) - - 33.33 Cocamide diethanolamide (nonionic) (100 percent active) 10 Cetyl Alcohol (nonionic) (100 percent active) - - - 10 Lauroa",phodiacetate (amphoteric) (70 percent active) - 20 20 Isostearyl ethyl-imidoniumethosulfate (cationic)(10percentactive) - - 10 Pressure Agent blend Is~penlane 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Isobutane 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Pressure at 22C (kPa) 49 56 54 55 (72F) (7 psig) (8psig)(7.7psig)(7.9psig) bavailable from PPG Mazerunderthe name~ordpon ACI.
EX~MPLES 9-12 Examples9-12showninTablelll,illustratetheuseofasurfaceactiveagent, water, a thickening agent, and a pressure agent blend. These examples are prepared by making the surfactant solution by mixing the stated amounts water, surfactant, carbomer, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and triethan~olamine. The pressure agent blend is then added in the manner as described above for Examples 1-4.
TABLE lll Parts by weight Examplff 9 10 11 12 Su, rd.~n~ Solution Water 81.39 81.39 79 79 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (28 percent active) 17.86 17.86 20 20 Ca.~.,.er 1342 (100 percent) active0.75 0.75 - -Hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (100percentactive) - - 1 1 TEA
triethanolami ne (99 percent active) 0.5 0.5 Pressure agent blend Isopel,~ne 1.5 4 2.4 0.9 Isobutane 1.5 1 0.6 0.1 Pressure at 22C (kPa)91 70 87.5 (72F) (13 psig)(10 psig)(12.5 psig) Pressure at 43C (kPg) 182 112 (110F) (26 psi 9) (16 psi 9) Examplesl3-16showninTablelV,illustratethecompositionscontainingasingle surfactant, water, a thickening agent, an emollient, and a pressure agent as a single CGI I ~ponenl or a blend of components.
Examples13-16arepreparedasdescribedbelow.
Surfactant Solution Water, surfactant, and carbomer in stated amounts are mixed together to form a solution, and the solution is heated to a temperature of about 60C. PERMETHYL, in an amount of about 2.0 percent by weight of the compositi on, i s added to the heated mi xtu re, and the mixture cooled to room temperature. About 0.5 percent byweight of the composition of triethanolamine (TEA) is added to the mixture and the mixture is further cooled to below 5C
35 Self Foaminq and Pressurizinq Aqent The stated amounts of the prffsure agent as a single component or a blend of com~onents is cooled to 5C, and mixed with the surfactant solution prepared above by manual WO94/02109 2~1 39~32 PCI/US93/07032 ormechanical shaking. The mixture isfilled intoan app,upriate dispenser and immediately sealed . Care is taken to avoid entrapping air duri ng thi s operation.
TABLE IV
Parts by weight Examples Surfactant Solution Water 77.69 77.69 77.69 77.69 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (28percentactive) 17.56 17.56 17.56 17.56 Carbomer 1342 (100 percentactive)0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Iso-octahexacontane PERMETHYL(100 percent 2 2 2 2 active) Triethanolamine TEA(100percentactive) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Pressure AgenUBlend Neope"ldne 3 - - -IsopenLane - 2.6 Isobutane - 0.6 - 0.9 n-Butane - ~ 1 5 Mineral oil - - 1.5 Di methicone (100 percentactive) - - - 2.1 Pressure at 22C (kPa) 52.5 42 119 35 (72F) (7.5 psig) (6 psig) (17 psig)(5 psig) Pressure at 43C (kPg) 196 238 (110F) (28 psig) (34 psig) Examples 1 - 16 illustrate the composition as comprisi ng water, one or more surfactants, and a pressure agent which is either a single gaseous hydrocarbon, neopentane, or a blend of at least one gaseous hydrocarbon, and at least one water-insoiuble non-polar liquid.
The compositions so obtained exert a positive pressure at about 22C (72F).
35 Packaqe The stable fast self-foaming liquid composition of the present invention is packaged in a non-pressurized dispenser of a barrier material to prevent loss of hydrocarbon vapor to the dll.,osphere. Suitably, the barrier to loss of vapor must be such that, on the average, the loss of the vaporto the air at about 21 C (70F) in about a year is less than l O
percent of the original vapor prffsure at that te,.,~ dlure.
The barrier material may be a barrier plastic material, metal, glass, or a metal-coated plastic materials like brick packaging used to pa~ ge carbonated drinks and juices, or 5 laminatedtubeswithanapp;~p.iatebarrierlayer. Mostprere,ably,thethermoplasticmaterial used is poly~d,~lenelereplllalate (PET).
The "non-pressurized " dispe"ser as used herein refers to a dispenser which can be mechanically pressurized but does not contain any propellant other than the aliphatic hydrocarbons which are the integral part of the co",po,i lion of the invention. The dispenser lO has a head space above the liquid composition to provide forthe vapor of the dual purpose pressureagent. Theheadspacegenerallyco~ JIisesfrom2perCentto20percentofthe volume of the dispenser.
The dispenser may be an aerosol dispenser which is made of metal, non-pressurized, and equi pped with a positive shut-off valve.
Preferably, the di~enser is flexible, made of barrier material, comprising a vessel with deformab~e peripheral walls having an open neck and a closure member comprising a valve ",e",ber, which is adapted to dispense a prOpG~ lioned amount of the composition. The deformable nature of the dispenser is preferl ed since it allows, without the use of gaseous propellantsgenerallyusedintheart,forthedispensationofessentiallytheentirecontents 20 fromthedijpenserundervaryingconditionsofte,npeldll-reandpressurewhentheflexible side walls or pel ipherdl walls of the dispenser are squeezed.
"A deformable dispenser", as used herein, refers to a noncollapsible resilient dispenser which can be distorted, or squeezed by application of a pressure of 6.9 to 20.7 kPa ( l to 3 psig~ and which because of its resiliency or elastic memory or internal pressure from the 25 headspaceregainsitsoriginalform,afterthee~lt,..alpressureisreleased.
F~ere,dbly, the closure member comprises a positive shut-off valve, which allowsfor dispensation of varying amounts of the composition with varying vapor pressure under the varying ambienttemperature and pressure conditions. The amount of the composition dispensed will generally vary in range from 4 grams to 8 grams per second.
A "positive shut-off valve" as employed herei n defi nes a valve which is normal Iy in the sealed position unless the valve is actuated.
The positive shut~ff valve, as described hereinbelow in more detail, comprises atubular valve stem having a central passage for dispensation of the composition and held by a tubular elastic sealing portion mounted in a circular aperture in the wall of the closure 35 member. The sealing portion includes a sleeve portion which extends through the wall of the closure member. The outer sieeve surface seals within the circuiar aperture, and its inner surface seals about the outer wall of the tubular valve stem. At a level remote from the central aperture, the tubular valve stem and the tubular elastic sealing portions have faces which press W094/02109 ~39'13 PCI/US93/07032 againsteachotherandsealinglyengagewitheachother,asillustratedinthedrawings hereinafter described.
Dispenser 10 containing the composition 60 of the invention, including the dosure member 16 and its operation is illustrated in Figures 1 through 5.
Closeddispenser100fFigure1 illustratesap,erer~edembodimentofthe invention. Dispenser 10 comprisff a continuous open topped vessel 11 havi ng a peri pheral wal I
12, a neck 14 at one vessel end and a clos~re member 16 cooperatively engaged with the neck 14.
An embodiment of the closure member 16 contemplated to be used with the l O dispenser 10 of the invention is i l lustrated in Figures 2A,2B,3, and 5. The closu re mem ber 16 as shown in Figures 2A and 2B has a mounting cup 18 having an outstanding rim 19 which sealinglyfitsovertheneck 140fthedispenser 10. Themountingcup 18furtherhasawall portion20whichservesasthetopwallofthedispenserlO. Thewallportion20includesa circularaperture21 formedandoutwardlyflangedaboutanaxis~a" pe,pendiculartothewall portion 20.
A tubular elastic seal portion 22 includes a seal body portion 24, which is enlarged to provide a large washer-like sealing surface against the inner side of the wall 20 adjacent the aperture 21. The tubular seal portion 22 further includes a sleeve portion 26 extending through the aperture 21 and having an outer sleeve surface 27 beari ng seal i ngly withi n and agai nst the flange of the circular aperture 21. The tubular seal portion 22 has an inner bore 28, and a lower counter bore 29 which are concent-ic with the axis "an when the sleeve portion 26 is not distorted. The inner bore 28 includes a stem-sealing surface 30 at the level of the circular aperture 21. "Lower" as used herein describesthe position of the counterbore relative to the neck 14 of the dispenser when the dispenser is held i n upright position.
The seal portion 22 has a valve seating face 32 disposed inwardly of the dispenser 10, and an opposed annular face 34 at the outer end of the sleeve portion 26. The annular face 34 is disposed outwardly of the dispenser.
A tubular valve stem 36 formed of rigid or substantially rigid thermoplastic material as conlra~led with the rubbery elastic material of the sealing portion 22 has a central 30 passage 38 for the passage of the contents of the dispenser, and an outer manipulative stem end 40. The valve stem 36 penetrates the sleeve portion 26 and sealingly engages against the valve seating end 32 by means of valve head 42. The tubular stem 36 further i ncludes three stem orifices, of which two orifices 39, and 39a adjacent the valve head 42 are shown in Figures 3, and 5. The valve head 42 is of substantially larger diameter than the diameter of outer stem 35 wall 41 of the tubular stem 36. The tubular stem 36 has an annular shoulder 44 which is in sealing engagement with the annular face 34 of the sleeve portion 26.
The closure member 16 of the present invention is generally of the type described in U .S. Patent 3,132,774 to Soffer. The outer mani pulative stem end 40 of the valve stem 36 of WO 94/02109 2 1 3 9 7 3 2 PCr/US93/07032 thisinventionisofleng~(lessthanabout1.25cm) justsufficienttoextendoutwardlybeyond theannularshoulder44andengagewithactuatingmeans50describedbelow. Thisresultsin tubularvalvestem36tobeofshorterlengththanshowninU.S.Patent3,132,774,and com mercial Iy avai lable from the aayton Corporabon . The short tubular valve stem 36 i s 5 necessary to mi nimize the post-dis~ens~ Lion bleeding of the composition through the central passage 38 of the valve stem 36.
The dispenser 10 as described hereinabove may be used for dispensing a p~O,i~GI Lioned amount of the cG"-~ilion by operation of the positive shut-off valve by tilting the manipulative stem end 40 of the stem 36 from its pe"~endicular position with a finger or a thumb (not shown). This mani pulation of the stem 36 causes the valve to open as explai ned hereinbelow and allov~rs for the dispensation of the liquid from the dispenser.
The dispenser 10 preferably comprises an actuating means S0 which is a general Iy L-shaped lever having an upright arm 46 and a hG,i~ontal arm 48. The horizontal arm 46 has preferably a central bore 52 which encircles and engagff the outer manipulative end 40 of the valve stem 36. The actuating means S0 may assume any shape other than a general Iy L-shape.
Preferably, the actuating means 50 is adapted to communicate with the outer manipulative end 40, be biased towards the deformable side wal Is 12, and actuate the closure mem ber 16.
In the oi~eration of the dispenser 10, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the dispenser 10 containing the liquid composition 60 is held in an inverted position, that is, the 20 closurememberadjacentthehandorthedesiredsurface. Aheadspace62containsthedual purpose pressure agent in the gaseous phase exhibiting the equilibrium vapor pressure of the composition. The upright arm 46 is depressed against the deformable side wall 12. This causes the horizontal arm 48 to pull the manipulative stem end 40 in a transverse direction, consequently causing the valve stem 36 to tilt (Figure 5) from its per~,endicular position (Figure 25 3)- The tilting of the stem 36 permits a gap to form be~Y~een the counterbore 29 and the valve sealing face 32 in the region of the valve stem orifices 39 and 39a, allowing the contents to flow through the orifices 39 and 39a and through the central passage 38 of the tubular valve stem 36 and out of the dispenser 10. A proportioned amount, typically 4 to 8 grams per second, of the post foami ng I iquid composition 60 contained in the dispenser 10 is, thereby, d ispensed 30 through a positive shut-off valve defined by operation of valve stem 36. The liquid is then spread with a single motion wl .e(el>~ the liquid develops into a foam (not shown) which turns into a rich lather on further rubbing. This method of use of the dispenser makes it possible to use oniy one hand to dispense the composition. During continued and prolonged use of the package of this invention, it may become necessaryto shakethe composition in the dispenser 35 before dispensation.
The dispenser of the present invention is versatile in use in that it may further comprise mounting means (not shown) for mounting the dispenser on a wall of a shower stall, kitchen wall near a si nk, or i n the b~Lhroo" " or any other surface dependi ng on the oarti cular wo 94/021092~ 39~ 3 PCI/US93/07032 use to which the c~,.po~i lion is being put. The mounti ng means may comDrise a magnetic means, a VELCRO'' ~trademark of Velcro U.S.A. Inc.) means, or any conventional means which can be nailed or screwed onto the surface. The actuati ng means 50 as descri bed herei nabove allowsforonehandoperationofthemounteddispenser,andcontributfftotheeaseofitsuse 5 and the convenience of the consumer.
Whilethe invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a dispenserfor use with and without hand-operated lever mechanisms, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
The vapor pressure of the aliphatic hydrocarbon fluids is primarily responsible for thevaporpressureoftheco,..po,ilion. Ithasbeenfoundthathigherthevaporpressureofthe composition, the more rapidly the lather develops, but the composition may also be dispensed asafoam. Itisessentialforthepurposesofthisinventionthatthecompositionbesubstantially free from foaming, and is a liquid before and at the time of dispensation. The hydrocarbons may be so selected as to provide a composition exerti ng a positive pressure at least at about 1 .6C. It is preier, ~:d that the compositions exert a positive pressure at least at about 1 3C (55F).
Most prefer.ed compositions are those that exert a positive pressure at least at about 22~C. The choice of suitable hydrocarbons, alone or in combination; the concentration of hydrocarbons in the composition; and the relative ratios of component hydrocarbons if more than one hydrocarbon is used, are therefore, very critical to obtai n the composition of the i nvention.
The weight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to water-insoluble liquid generally varies in range from 5:95 to 50:50. Preferablytheweight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to water-insoluble liquid varies in range from 10:90 to 20:80. The dual purpose pressure agent typically comprises from 1 percent to 20 percent by weight of the composition.
Preferably, the dual purpose pressure agent is a single gaseous hydrocarbon, which is neope"lane. lt is suitably present in an amount from 1 percent to S percent by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
More preferably, the dual purpose pressure agent is a mixture of iso-butane or n-butane and a nonvolatile silicone oil. The nonvolatile silicone oil is preferably dimethicone.
Most preferably, the dual purpose prffsure agent is a mixture of at least one gaseous hydrocarLon selected from n-butane and iso-butane and at least one liquid hydrocarbon selected from iso-pentane, n-pentane, 2-3,dimethylbutane, n-hexane, isohexane, and mineral oil . A most p-ere- . ed dual purpose pressure agent is a mixture of iso-butane or n-butene and mineral oil. The weight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to liquid hydrocarbon typically variff in range from 0.5:99.5 to 99.5:0.5. Preferably the weight ratio of the gaseous hydrocarbon to liquid hydrocarbon is in the range from 10:90 to 20:80. The most preferred ratio is 20-80.
The composition of the present invention may also contain minor amounts of conventional additional ingredients to impart desired characteristics to the comnosition.
35 Suitable additives include, for example, thickening agents, coloring agents, oerfumes, preservatives, antiseptic agents, antibacterial agents, disinfectants, emollients and humectants The composition may optionally contain a suspending agent or a thickening agents for imparting desired viscosity to the composition. Suitable thickening agents include, for WO 94/02109 213 9~ 3~ PCI/US93/07032 example, carboxy vinyl pcly.,lcr, available as a variety of CARBOPOL0 (registered trademark of B. F. Goodrich Company), carbomers, sodium polacrylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gum and Xanthum gum. The cc.."~ilion may desirably contain conditioning agents such as PERMETHYL~ 1 04A (l,c,d~.,,ark of The Permethyl Corporation), a highly branched 5 hydrocarbon; glycerine; guar hydrox~v. opyl trimonimum chloride and fatty acid esters.
One pre~l:..ed example of the aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition of the present invention comprises about 76.5 percent water, about 17 percent ammonium lauryl sulfate, about 0.75 percent carboxy vinyl polymer, about 2 percent iso-octahexacontane, about 0.5 percent triethanolamine, about 2.6 percent isopentane, and about 0.6 percent isobutane.
The co",po,i~ions of the present invention are useful for a variety of topical applications including personal cleaning, household cleaning, as well as shaving preparations.
ThesecG".p~,ilionsareparticularlyusefulinshowertobeusedinlieuofbarsoapsand shampoos.
The fol lowing exampies are il lustrative of the co, I Ip~i lion of the present invention and is not il,lend~l as limitation of this invention, many apparent variations of which are possiblewithout departing from the spirit and scope thereof. The stated amounts of the ingredientsare parts by weight unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLES 1~
The Examples 1-4 shown in Table 1, illustrate the use of a single surface activeagent, water and a pressure agent as a single co",ponent or as a mixture of components or a blend.
Surfactant Solution In these Examples 1-4, a surfactant solution was p,~,oared by mixing the stated 25 quantities of the surfactants and water.
Dual PurposePressureAqent The stated amounts of the pressure agent, as a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons or a blend is cooled to below 5~C, and mixed the above prepared surfactant solution via vigorous manual or mechanical shaking. The mixture is filled into an approp, iate 30 dispenserand immediatelysealed. Careistakentoavoid entrappingairduringthisoperation.
Pressure Measurement The vapor prffsure exerted by the cc lllpo,i Lion in the dispenser was measured as below:
An Instron was set to measure the load (force~ required to deform a flexible 35 walled disDenser filled with the composition. The dispenser was placed lengthwise on a table, and the Instron pushed down from the top so as to push against the head space of the dispenser. The load measurements were then cal ibrated usi ng the simi lar dispensers whi ch were pressurized with a known head space pressure (pounds per square i nch gauge (psig)) of ni l. I~gen.
The pressure exerted bythe cc --.posilion in the dispenser may also be measured by attaching a pressure gauge to the valve of the dispenser. Care should be taken to minimize 5 the introduction of oxygen from the air into the head space of the dispenser.
TABLE I
Parts by weight Examples 1 2 3 4 Surfactant Solution Water 97 97 60 60 Potassium Cetyl Sulfate (100 percent active) 3 3 -- _ Oleamine Oxide (50 percent active) - - 40 40 Pressure Agent Neopenldne 3 - ~ ~
Isobutane - 1.8 0 . 6 Isope. .~ne - - 2 . 4 Mineral Oil (100 percentactive) - 1.2 - 2 1 n-Butane - - - 0.9 Pressureat22C(kPa) 21 14 52.5 28 (72F3 (3 psig) (2 psig)(7.5 psig)(4 psig) Pressure at 43C (kPa~ 189 ( 1 1 0F) (27 psig) Examples 5-8 shown in Table ll, illustrate use of a blend of two surface active agents, water and a pressure agent blend. The Examples S-8 are prepared in the manner described above for Examples 1-~.
2~,39~ 3 TABLE ll Parts by weight E~all,pl~s 5 6 7 8 Surfactant Sol ution Water 54.28 44.29 56.67 70 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (anionic) (28 percent active) 35.72 35.71 - _ ~,.",oniumb Cocoyl Isethionate (anionic) 30 percent active) - - 33.33 Cocamide diethanolamide (nonionic) (100 percent active) 10 Cetyl Alcohol (nonionic) (100 percent active) - - - 10 Lauroa",phodiacetate (amphoteric) (70 percent active) - 20 20 Isostearyl ethyl-imidoniumethosulfate (cationic)(10percentactive) - - 10 Pressure Agent blend Is~penlane 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Isobutane 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 Pressure at 22C (kPa) 49 56 54 55 (72F) (7 psig) (8psig)(7.7psig)(7.9psig) bavailable from PPG Mazerunderthe name~ordpon ACI.
EX~MPLES 9-12 Examples9-12showninTablelll,illustratetheuseofasurfaceactiveagent, water, a thickening agent, and a pressure agent blend. These examples are prepared by making the surfactant solution by mixing the stated amounts water, surfactant, carbomer, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and triethan~olamine. The pressure agent blend is then added in the manner as described above for Examples 1-4.
TABLE lll Parts by weight Examplff 9 10 11 12 Su, rd.~n~ Solution Water 81.39 81.39 79 79 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (28 percent active) 17.86 17.86 20 20 Ca.~.,.er 1342 (100 percent) active0.75 0.75 - -Hydroxy-ethyl cellulose (100percentactive) - - 1 1 TEA
triethanolami ne (99 percent active) 0.5 0.5 Pressure agent blend Isopel,~ne 1.5 4 2.4 0.9 Isobutane 1.5 1 0.6 0.1 Pressure at 22C (kPa)91 70 87.5 (72F) (13 psig)(10 psig)(12.5 psig) Pressure at 43C (kPg) 182 112 (110F) (26 psi 9) (16 psi 9) Examplesl3-16showninTablelV,illustratethecompositionscontainingasingle surfactant, water, a thickening agent, an emollient, and a pressure agent as a single CGI I ~ponenl or a blend of components.
Examples13-16arepreparedasdescribedbelow.
Surfactant Solution Water, surfactant, and carbomer in stated amounts are mixed together to form a solution, and the solution is heated to a temperature of about 60C. PERMETHYL, in an amount of about 2.0 percent by weight of the compositi on, i s added to the heated mi xtu re, and the mixture cooled to room temperature. About 0.5 percent byweight of the composition of triethanolamine (TEA) is added to the mixture and the mixture is further cooled to below 5C
35 Self Foaminq and Pressurizinq Aqent The stated amounts of the prffsure agent as a single component or a blend of com~onents is cooled to 5C, and mixed with the surfactant solution prepared above by manual WO94/02109 2~1 39~32 PCI/US93/07032 ormechanical shaking. The mixture isfilled intoan app,upriate dispenser and immediately sealed . Care is taken to avoid entrapping air duri ng thi s operation.
TABLE IV
Parts by weight Examples Surfactant Solution Water 77.69 77.69 77.69 77.69 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (28percentactive) 17.56 17.56 17.56 17.56 Carbomer 1342 (100 percentactive)0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Iso-octahexacontane PERMETHYL(100 percent 2 2 2 2 active) Triethanolamine TEA(100percentactive) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Pressure AgenUBlend Neope"ldne 3 - - -IsopenLane - 2.6 Isobutane - 0.6 - 0.9 n-Butane - ~ 1 5 Mineral oil - - 1.5 Di methicone (100 percentactive) - - - 2.1 Pressure at 22C (kPa) 52.5 42 119 35 (72F) (7.5 psig) (6 psig) (17 psig)(5 psig) Pressure at 43C (kPg) 196 238 (110F) (28 psig) (34 psig) Examples 1 - 16 illustrate the composition as comprisi ng water, one or more surfactants, and a pressure agent which is either a single gaseous hydrocarbon, neopentane, or a blend of at least one gaseous hydrocarbon, and at least one water-insoiuble non-polar liquid.
The compositions so obtained exert a positive pressure at about 22C (72F).
35 Packaqe The stable fast self-foaming liquid composition of the present invention is packaged in a non-pressurized dispenser of a barrier material to prevent loss of hydrocarbon vapor to the dll.,osphere. Suitably, the barrier to loss of vapor must be such that, on the average, the loss of the vaporto the air at about 21 C (70F) in about a year is less than l O
percent of the original vapor prffsure at that te,.,~ dlure.
The barrier material may be a barrier plastic material, metal, glass, or a metal-coated plastic materials like brick packaging used to pa~ ge carbonated drinks and juices, or 5 laminatedtubeswithanapp;~p.iatebarrierlayer. Mostprere,ably,thethermoplasticmaterial used is poly~d,~lenelereplllalate (PET).
The "non-pressurized " dispe"ser as used herein refers to a dispenser which can be mechanically pressurized but does not contain any propellant other than the aliphatic hydrocarbons which are the integral part of the co",po,i lion of the invention. The dispenser lO has a head space above the liquid composition to provide forthe vapor of the dual purpose pressureagent. Theheadspacegenerallyco~ JIisesfrom2perCentto20percentofthe volume of the dispenser.
The dispenser may be an aerosol dispenser which is made of metal, non-pressurized, and equi pped with a positive shut-off valve.
Preferably, the di~enser is flexible, made of barrier material, comprising a vessel with deformab~e peripheral walls having an open neck and a closure member comprising a valve ",e",ber, which is adapted to dispense a prOpG~ lioned amount of the composition. The deformable nature of the dispenser is preferl ed since it allows, without the use of gaseous propellantsgenerallyusedintheart,forthedispensationofessentiallytheentirecontents 20 fromthedijpenserundervaryingconditionsofte,npeldll-reandpressurewhentheflexible side walls or pel ipherdl walls of the dispenser are squeezed.
"A deformable dispenser", as used herein, refers to a noncollapsible resilient dispenser which can be distorted, or squeezed by application of a pressure of 6.9 to 20.7 kPa ( l to 3 psig~ and which because of its resiliency or elastic memory or internal pressure from the 25 headspaceregainsitsoriginalform,afterthee~lt,..alpressureisreleased.
F~ere,dbly, the closure member comprises a positive shut-off valve, which allowsfor dispensation of varying amounts of the composition with varying vapor pressure under the varying ambienttemperature and pressure conditions. The amount of the composition dispensed will generally vary in range from 4 grams to 8 grams per second.
A "positive shut-off valve" as employed herei n defi nes a valve which is normal Iy in the sealed position unless the valve is actuated.
The positive shut~ff valve, as described hereinbelow in more detail, comprises atubular valve stem having a central passage for dispensation of the composition and held by a tubular elastic sealing portion mounted in a circular aperture in the wall of the closure 35 member. The sealing portion includes a sleeve portion which extends through the wall of the closure member. The outer sieeve surface seals within the circuiar aperture, and its inner surface seals about the outer wall of the tubular valve stem. At a level remote from the central aperture, the tubular valve stem and the tubular elastic sealing portions have faces which press W094/02109 ~39'13 PCI/US93/07032 againsteachotherandsealinglyengagewitheachother,asillustratedinthedrawings hereinafter described.
Dispenser 10 containing the composition 60 of the invention, including the dosure member 16 and its operation is illustrated in Figures 1 through 5.
Closeddispenser100fFigure1 illustratesap,erer~edembodimentofthe invention. Dispenser 10 comprisff a continuous open topped vessel 11 havi ng a peri pheral wal I
12, a neck 14 at one vessel end and a clos~re member 16 cooperatively engaged with the neck 14.
An embodiment of the closure member 16 contemplated to be used with the l O dispenser 10 of the invention is i l lustrated in Figures 2A,2B,3, and 5. The closu re mem ber 16 as shown in Figures 2A and 2B has a mounting cup 18 having an outstanding rim 19 which sealinglyfitsovertheneck 140fthedispenser 10. Themountingcup 18furtherhasawall portion20whichservesasthetopwallofthedispenserlO. Thewallportion20includesa circularaperture21 formedandoutwardlyflangedaboutanaxis~a" pe,pendiculartothewall portion 20.
A tubular elastic seal portion 22 includes a seal body portion 24, which is enlarged to provide a large washer-like sealing surface against the inner side of the wall 20 adjacent the aperture 21. The tubular seal portion 22 further includes a sleeve portion 26 extending through the aperture 21 and having an outer sleeve surface 27 beari ng seal i ngly withi n and agai nst the flange of the circular aperture 21. The tubular seal portion 22 has an inner bore 28, and a lower counter bore 29 which are concent-ic with the axis "an when the sleeve portion 26 is not distorted. The inner bore 28 includes a stem-sealing surface 30 at the level of the circular aperture 21. "Lower" as used herein describesthe position of the counterbore relative to the neck 14 of the dispenser when the dispenser is held i n upright position.
The seal portion 22 has a valve seating face 32 disposed inwardly of the dispenser 10, and an opposed annular face 34 at the outer end of the sleeve portion 26. The annular face 34 is disposed outwardly of the dispenser.
A tubular valve stem 36 formed of rigid or substantially rigid thermoplastic material as conlra~led with the rubbery elastic material of the sealing portion 22 has a central 30 passage 38 for the passage of the contents of the dispenser, and an outer manipulative stem end 40. The valve stem 36 penetrates the sleeve portion 26 and sealingly engages against the valve seating end 32 by means of valve head 42. The tubular stem 36 further i ncludes three stem orifices, of which two orifices 39, and 39a adjacent the valve head 42 are shown in Figures 3, and 5. The valve head 42 is of substantially larger diameter than the diameter of outer stem 35 wall 41 of the tubular stem 36. The tubular stem 36 has an annular shoulder 44 which is in sealing engagement with the annular face 34 of the sleeve portion 26.
The closure member 16 of the present invention is generally of the type described in U .S. Patent 3,132,774 to Soffer. The outer mani pulative stem end 40 of the valve stem 36 of WO 94/02109 2 1 3 9 7 3 2 PCr/US93/07032 thisinventionisofleng~(lessthanabout1.25cm) justsufficienttoextendoutwardlybeyond theannularshoulder44andengagewithactuatingmeans50describedbelow. Thisresultsin tubularvalvestem36tobeofshorterlengththanshowninU.S.Patent3,132,774,and com mercial Iy avai lable from the aayton Corporabon . The short tubular valve stem 36 i s 5 necessary to mi nimize the post-dis~ens~ Lion bleeding of the composition through the central passage 38 of the valve stem 36.
The dispenser 10 as described hereinabove may be used for dispensing a p~O,i~GI Lioned amount of the cG"-~ilion by operation of the positive shut-off valve by tilting the manipulative stem end 40 of the stem 36 from its pe"~endicular position with a finger or a thumb (not shown). This mani pulation of the stem 36 causes the valve to open as explai ned hereinbelow and allov~rs for the dispensation of the liquid from the dispenser.
The dispenser 10 preferably comprises an actuating means S0 which is a general Iy L-shaped lever having an upright arm 46 and a hG,i~ontal arm 48. The horizontal arm 46 has preferably a central bore 52 which encircles and engagff the outer manipulative end 40 of the valve stem 36. The actuating means S0 may assume any shape other than a general Iy L-shape.
Preferably, the actuating means 50 is adapted to communicate with the outer manipulative end 40, be biased towards the deformable side wal Is 12, and actuate the closure mem ber 16.
In the oi~eration of the dispenser 10, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the dispenser 10 containing the liquid composition 60 is held in an inverted position, that is, the 20 closurememberadjacentthehandorthedesiredsurface. Aheadspace62containsthedual purpose pressure agent in the gaseous phase exhibiting the equilibrium vapor pressure of the composition. The upright arm 46 is depressed against the deformable side wall 12. This causes the horizontal arm 48 to pull the manipulative stem end 40 in a transverse direction, consequently causing the valve stem 36 to tilt (Figure 5) from its per~,endicular position (Figure 25 3)- The tilting of the stem 36 permits a gap to form be~Y~een the counterbore 29 and the valve sealing face 32 in the region of the valve stem orifices 39 and 39a, allowing the contents to flow through the orifices 39 and 39a and through the central passage 38 of the tubular valve stem 36 and out of the dispenser 10. A proportioned amount, typically 4 to 8 grams per second, of the post foami ng I iquid composition 60 contained in the dispenser 10 is, thereby, d ispensed 30 through a positive shut-off valve defined by operation of valve stem 36. The liquid is then spread with a single motion wl .e(el>~ the liquid develops into a foam (not shown) which turns into a rich lather on further rubbing. This method of use of the dispenser makes it possible to use oniy one hand to dispense the composition. During continued and prolonged use of the package of this invention, it may become necessaryto shakethe composition in the dispenser 35 before dispensation.
The dispenser of the present invention is versatile in use in that it may further comprise mounting means (not shown) for mounting the dispenser on a wall of a shower stall, kitchen wall near a si nk, or i n the b~Lhroo" " or any other surface dependi ng on the oarti cular wo 94/021092~ 39~ 3 PCI/US93/07032 use to which the c~,.po~i lion is being put. The mounti ng means may comDrise a magnetic means, a VELCRO'' ~trademark of Velcro U.S.A. Inc.) means, or any conventional means which can be nailed or screwed onto the surface. The actuati ng means 50 as descri bed herei nabove allowsforonehandoperationofthemounteddispenser,andcontributfftotheeaseofitsuse 5 and the convenience of the consumer.
Whilethe invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a dispenserfor use with and without hand-operated lever mechanisms, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (28)
1. A liquid composition characterized by an aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition comprising: a major amount of water; at least one surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon in amounts sufficient to provide the composition which when contained in a dispenser exerts a positive vapor pressure in the head space of the dispenser for dispensation of the composition;
the composition being dispensed as a liquid, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
the composition being dispensed as a liquid, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
2. The liquid composition of Claim 1, wherein the dual purpose pressure agent is a mixture of at least one gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon and at least one non-polar water-insoluble liquid.
3. The liquid composition of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of n-butane, iso-butane and neopentane.
4. The liquid composition of Claim 2, wherein the non-polar water-insoluble liquid is selected from the group consisting of liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons and nonvolatile silicone oil.
5. The liquid composition of Claim 2 or 4, wherein the non-polar water-insoluble liquid is liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 5 to 6 carbon atoms or mineral oil.
6. The liquid composition of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition exerts a positive pressure at least at about 1.6°C.
7. The liquid composition of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition exerts a positive pressure at least at about 13°C.
8. The liquid composition of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition exerts a positive pressure at least at about 22°C.
9. The liquid composition of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition exerts a positive pressure at least at about 25°C.
10. The liquid composition of Claim 1, wherein the composition exerts a positive pressure at least at about 28°C.
11. The liquid composition of Claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the gaseous aliphatic hydrocarbon to the non-polar water-insoluble liquid varies from 0.5:99.5 to 99.5:0.5.
12. The liquid composition of Claim 1, wherein the dual purpose pressure agent is present in the composition in an amount from 1 percent to 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
13. The liquid composition of Claim 1 or 2, wherein the vapor pressure of the composition is from 0.7 kPa to 241 kPa.
14. The liquid composition of Claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants.
15. The liquid composition of Claim 1, wherein the surfactant is present in the composition in an amount from 0.1 percent to 50 percent by weight, based on the weight of the composition.
16. An aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition packagable in a non-pressurized dispenser with a head space above the liquid composition comprising: a major amount of water; from 0.1 percent to 50 percent by weight of at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactants; and from 1 percent to 20 percent by weight of a dual purpose pressure agent comprising isobutane or n-butane, and a water-insoluble non-polar liquid selected from a group consisting of liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons, and nonvolatile silicone oils; the composition exerting a positive pressure at least at about 25°C when contained in the dispenser, the composition being dispensed as a liquid, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
17. A process for manufacturing an aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition comprising admixing a major amount of water; at least one surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon in amounts sufficient to provide the composition which when contained in a dispenser exerts a positive vapor pressure in the head space of the dispenser for dispensation of the composition; the composition being dispensed as a liquid, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
18. A process of foaming a liquid composition comprising:
a) dispensing a self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition from a non-pressurized dispenser of barrier material; and b) spreading the composition on a surface.
a) dispensing a self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition from a non-pressurized dispenser of barrier material; and b) spreading the composition on a surface.
19. The process of Claim 18, wherein the self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition comprises: a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid in amounts sufficient to provide the composition which exerts a positive vapor pressure at least at about 1.6°C.
20. The process of Claim 18, comprising controllably dispensing a proportioned amount of the self-foaming composition in a liquid form.
21. A package combination, comprising the self-foaming, self-leveling liquid cleansing composition of Claim 1, packaged in a non-pressurized dispenser of barrier material, adapted to contain the composition under positive pressure, the dispenser having a positive shut-off valve adapted to dispense a proportioned amount of the composition under varying ambient temperatures and pressures.
22. The package of Claim 21, wherein the dispenser further comprises an actuating means in communication with the valve member, adapted to be biased towards the deformable wall of the dispenser and actuate the valve.
23. The package of Claim 22, wherein the actuating means comprises a lever which is generally L-shaped having an upright arm and a horizontal arm, the horizontal arm adapted to engage with the valve, and actuate the valve.
24. A package combination, comprising: (A) a non-pressurized dispenser of a flexible barrier material for an aqueous self-foaming, self leveling liquid composition, the dispenser comprising a vessel formed with a deformable peripheral wall having an open neck, and a closure member associated with the neck of the vessel, the closure member comprising a positive shut-off valve member adapted to controllably dispense a proportioned amount of the self-foaming self-leveling composition in a liquid form, the composition being so packaged in the dispenser as to provide a head space above the liquid; and (B) an aqueous self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition, comprising:a major amount of water; a surfactant; and a dual purpose pressure agent comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon fluid in amounts sufficient to provide the composition which exerts a positive vapor pressure against the peripheral walls of the dispenser at least at about 1.6°C; the composition being dispensed as a liquid under normal operating conditions, the liquid foaming instantaneously on spreading.
25. A non-pressurized dispenser of barrier material for the self-foaming, self-leveling liquid composition according to Claim 1, comprising a vessel formed with a deformable peripheral wall, having an open neck, and a closure member associated with the neck of the vessel, the closure member comprising a positive shut-off valve member adapted to controllably dispense a proportioned amount of the self-foaming composition in a liquid form.
26. The dispenser of Claim 25, wherein the proportioned amount of the composition dispensed is from 4 to 8 grams per second.
27. A method of use of the package combination of Claim 21, comprising:
inverting the dispenser, operating the valve to dispense a proportioned amount of the composition, spreading and rubbing the composition whereby the composition develops into a lather in less than about one minute.
inverting the dispenser, operating the valve to dispense a proportioned amount of the composition, spreading and rubbing the composition whereby the composition develops into a lather in less than about one minute.
28. A method of use of the package combination of Claim 27, comprising:
inverting the dispenser, biasing the upright arm of the lever towards the deformable peripheral wall, spreading and rubbing the dispensed composition whereby the composition develops into a lather in less than about one minute.
inverting the dispenser, biasing the upright arm of the lever towards the deformable peripheral wall, spreading and rubbing the dispensed composition whereby the composition develops into a lather in less than about one minute.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US92072492A | 1992-07-28 | 1992-07-28 | |
| US07/920,724 | 1992-07-28 | ||
| PCT/US1993/007032 WO1994002109A2 (en) | 1992-07-28 | 1993-07-27 | An instantaneously self-foaming liquid cleansing composition and dispenser therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2139732A1 true CA2139732A1 (en) | 1994-02-03 |
Family
ID=25444277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002139732A Abandoned CA2139732A1 (en) | 1992-07-28 | 1993-07-27 | An instantaneously self-foaming liquid cleansing composition and dispenser therefor |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5602091A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0652739A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07509513A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950702406A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1087380A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4786893A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9306897A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2139732A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2075820B1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI950373A (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT70703A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL106485A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9304511A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO950309D0 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL307296A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994002109A2 (en) |
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-
1993
- 1993-07-27 HU HU9500181A patent/HUT70703A/en unknown
- 1993-07-27 KR KR1019950700315A patent/KR950702406A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-07-27 WO PCT/US1993/007032 patent/WO1994002109A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-07-27 JP JP6504761A patent/JPH07509513A/en active Pending
- 1993-07-27 AU AU47868/93A patent/AU4786893A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-27 BR BR9306897A patent/BR9306897A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-07-27 IL IL106485A patent/IL106485A0/en unknown
- 1993-07-27 MX MX9304511A patent/MX9304511A/en unknown
- 1993-07-27 EP EP93918405A patent/EP0652739A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-07-27 PL PL93307296A patent/PL307296A1/en unknown
- 1993-07-27 ES ES09450007A patent/ES2075820B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-27 CA CA002139732A patent/CA2139732A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-28 CN CN93116850.3A patent/CN1087380A/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-01-27 FI FI950373A patent/FI950373A/en unknown
- 1995-01-27 NO NO950309A patent/NO950309D0/en unknown
- 1995-06-07 US US08/481,975 patent/US5602091A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL307296A1 (en) | 1995-05-15 |
| NO950309L (en) | 1995-01-27 |
| ES2075820A1 (en) | 1995-10-01 |
| JPH07509513A (en) | 1995-10-19 |
| IL106485A0 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
| WO1994002109A3 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| MX9304511A (en) | 1995-01-31 |
| EP0652739A1 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
| US5602091A (en) | 1997-02-11 |
| HUT70703A (en) | 1995-10-30 |
| FI950373A0 (en) | 1995-01-27 |
| BR9306897A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
| KR950702406A (en) | 1995-07-29 |
| HU9500181D0 (en) | 1995-03-28 |
| WO1994002109A2 (en) | 1994-02-03 |
| AU4786893A (en) | 1994-02-14 |
| NO950309D0 (en) | 1995-01-27 |
| ES2075820B1 (en) | 1996-04-16 |
| FI950373A (en) | 1995-01-27 |
| CN1087380A (en) | 1994-06-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |