CA2172116A1 - Articles with tongue and groove joint and method of making such a joint - Google Patents
Articles with tongue and groove joint and method of making such a jointInfo
- Publication number
- CA2172116A1 CA2172116A1 CA002172116A CA2172116A CA2172116A1 CA 2172116 A1 CA2172116 A1 CA 2172116A1 CA 002172116 A CA002172116 A CA 002172116A CA 2172116 A CA2172116 A CA 2172116A CA 2172116 A1 CA2172116 A1 CA 2172116A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tongue
- groove
- article
- planar
- decorative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001307210 Pene Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000412626 Penetes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015107 ale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
- E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04F2201/021—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
- E04F2201/07—Joining sheets or plates or panels with connections using a special adhesive material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/19—Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
- Y10T428/192—Sheets or webs coplanar
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/19—Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
- Y10T428/192—Sheets or webs coplanar
- Y10T428/195—Beveled, stepped, or skived in thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24777—Edge feature
Abstract
Disclosed is laminate flooring and other articles with tongues and grooves for joining sections of the flooring or articles and a method of making the tongue and groove joints. The lower surfaces of the tongues and grooves are indexing surfaces for aligning the wear surfaces of the flooring sections. The tongues and grooves are made such that when the tongue is fully inserted into the groove, a continuous space is formed between the upper surface of the tongue and groove. The grooved edges are cut at an acute angle to the surface. This provides a space between the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove and between the edge surfaces above the tongues and grooves toward the wear surfaces of the flooring sections. Glue in the joint, upon curing, resists penetration of moisture and increases the strength of the joint.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to tongue and groove joints. These joints are particularly useful for joining pieces of laminate fIOGr;nY~ Glue in these joints resists pene~r~iGn of moisture.
2. 1 )escr~ion of the Rel~ted Art Commercially available laminate flooring generally includes a wear surface gluedto a subslrate. The wear surface generally is high-wear resistant decorative laminate.
The substrate generally is fiber board or particle board. Each piece of laminate ~IGorin~
~e"er~lly has a groove along one end and one side suHable for joining with a tongue 20 along one side or end of an adjacent piece of laminate flooring.
While such laminate flooring has found wide accept~nce in Europe as flooring, itis not substar)tially used in the United States. In part the reason may be due to inst~l'qtion difficulties and the lack of moisture resistance in the joint areas.
Laminate flooring is assembled by placing glue in the groove and inserting the tongue of one piece into the groove of an ~jacent piece. A s'~( s~ntially complementary fit of a tongue and groove results in difficulty in aligning the tongue and groove. Additionally, as the glue is absorbed into substrate, the subsl~te swells, 30 causing the groove to tightiy squeeze the tongue. This can make full insertion of the tongue into the groove extremely difficult. Furthermore, as the tongue and groove are moved together, glue can be compressed in the groove by the tongue in a piston fashion. This can increase the difficulty in abutting the wear surfaces of adjacent laminate flooring pieces.
To overcome this assembly problem, laminate flooring manufactures offer Express Mail No. HB105783865 March 22, 1995 1 Docket No. 130129-045 . , .. .. ~ . .. . . . . .. . ~ . . . . . .
2 1 ~2 ~ ~
special tools for assembling pieces of laminate flooring.
One such special tool is a hammering aid that has a flat surface and complementary tongue and groove engaging surfaces. When difficulty is encountered 5 in abutting the wear surfaces of adjacent pieces the hammering aid is placed along the edge of the laminate. The flat surface of the hammering aid is then struck with a hammer repeatedly to apply a force to the joint and force the tongue and groove together.
However, even with the use of a hammering aid a gap can remain between ~jacent pieces. The gap is unsi~ ly and allows for damaging penet,ali~n of moisture to the s~lbsl,dte. The problem with moisture penetralion into the joint is that it can cause the subslrale to swell. F-~cess swelling damages laminate flooring.
S La",i.,ate flooring with tongue and groove joints are difficult to manufacture. The tight complementary fit bet~;ee., the tongue and groove requires altentiGn be paid to cutting tolerances for the widths of the tongue and groove. An i"leresling yet problematic phenomenon occurs during the process of cutting the tongues and grooves. The cutting process itself pr~gressively dulls and wears the cutting bl~des As the blades pr~g,essively wear, grooves of later cut articles are prog,essively narrower than grooves of earlier cut articles. Likewise tongues of later cut articles are ~uy~essively wider than tongues of earlier cut articles. Unfo~tunately at some point the widths of the tongues and grooves are not within acceptable tolerances.
Thus there is a need in the art for an improved tongue and grooved joint. There is a need for a tongue and groove joint that does not require spec-~l tools for ins~ tion. There is a need for a moisture resistant tongue and groove joint. These and other needs will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of this s~)ecificaliG", including its claims and drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVF~TION
It is one object of the present invention to provide for an improved tongue and grooved joint.
It is even another object of the present invention to provide for a tongue and Express Mail No. HB105783865 March 22,1995 2 Docket No.130129-045 .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . .
2 1 7 2 t 1 ~
_ grooved joint that does not require special tools for installation.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide for a moisture resistant tongue and groove joint.
s These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of this speci~icalion including its claims and drawings.
An article of the present invention has a planar decorative wear surface a o grooved edge and a tongued edge. The tongued edge has a tongue with a planar lower surface posit;Gned an index distance from and parallel to the planar decoralive surface. The grooved surface has a groove with a planar lower surface positioned the index distance from and parallel to the planar decorali~e surface. The upper surfaces of the tongue and groove are shaped and sked such that upon joining two pieces of the article by pOS~iG"i-~ the lower surfaces of the tongues and grooves tGgetl,er and moving the tongue of one piece into the groove of anotl,er piece liquid glue placed in the groove will be s~lueç~ed out between the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove and upwardly b~ 2en the tongued and grooved edge toward the decorative surfaces of the two pieces. This joint can be assembled without the use of speci~l tools and the 20 glue acts as a barrier to water damage to sub~t,ate of laminate flooring.
The tongue has a beveled surface e~-ter,J;ng from the end surface to the upper surface of the tongue. The bcvele~ surface can form an oblique angle to the upper surface of the tongue. r,eferably more than about one half and most preferably more than about two thirds of the length of upper surface of the tongue remains after the boveled surface is cut. A space for glue to be s~ueç~ed through is provided betv/oon the upper surfaces of tongues and grooves upon joining pieces of the article. A space for glue to be squeezed through is also provided between a planar surface above the tongue and a planar surface above the groove. The planar surface above the tongue 30 forms a right angle to the decorative surface. The planar surface above ~he groove forms an acute angle to the decorative surface The acute angle can be about 82.5 to 87.5 degrees. A space is provided bet~:~en a planar surface below the tongue and a planar surface below the groove. The planar surface below the tongue forms a right angle to the decorative surface. The planar surface below the groove forms an acute angle to the decorative surface The acute angle can be about 82.5 to 87.5 degrees.
Express Mail No. HB105/83865 March 22,1995 3 Docket No.130129-045 2t721 ~6 RRIFF DF~CRIPTION OF THF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side-view of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention.
s Figure 2 is a side-view of an assembly step of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention showing glue placed in the groove and the tongue entering the groove.
Figure 3 is a side-view of an assembly step of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention showing the tongue in contact with glue in the groove and the glue being squeezed out.
Figure 4 is a side-view showing the tongue and groove of the present invention being fully joined and glue sq~lee~ed out to the wear surface.
Figures 5 - 8 show the dimensions of an embodiment of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention in C.)glish and Metric units.
I )FTAII Fn DF~CRIPTION OF THF INVFI~ITION
The tongue and groove joint of the present invention is described with refere"ceto laminate flooring. I lowevcr, the prese,lt invention is ~rlplic~ble to other articles that can be joined with tongue and groove joints.
Features and functions of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention are shown in side views of pieces of laminate flooring 10 on figures 1 - 4. A piece of laminate flooring 10 is shown on figure 1 with a rectangular tongue 26 on a planar tongued edge 25. Another piece of laminate flooring 10 is shown on figure 1 with a rectangular groove 16 on a planar grooved edge 15.
Addili~i,al features of laminate flooring are decorative laminate 11, subslrate 13, and backer 14. The decorative laminate provides a wear surface 12. The tongue 26and groove 16 are cut in the s~,bstrate. It is believed that particle board, fiberboard or oocJ can be suitable subst,ales 13 for laminate flooring. A backer 14 is believed to be required when laminate tlooring is to be installed on a ~lexiLI~ pad. The backer 14 provides dimensional stability to the laminate flooring and can be a moisture barrier. It Express Mail No. HB105783865 March 22, 1995 4 Docket No. 130129-045 21 721 f 6 is believed that a backer is not required for laminate flooring that will be glued to an existing floor.
The tongue 26 and groove 16 are shown on figure 1 as having planar lower 5 surfaces, 28 and 18 respectively. These planar lower surfaces are parallel with and an indexing distance from planar wear surface 12. Abutment of the planar lower surface 28 of tongue 26 and the planar lower surface 18 of groove 16 during the joining of the tongue and groove, as shown on figures 2 through 4, causes indexing of wear surfaces 12 of pieces of laminate flooring 10.
The tongue 26 and groove 16 are shown on figures 3 and 4 as having planar upper surfaces, 27 and 17 r~spective~. These planar upper surfaces are parallel and spaced apart. This space provides a flow path for glue to flow during the joining of the tongue and groove joint of this invention.
The planar tongued and grooved edges, 25 and 15 respecti~/ely, above and below the tongue 26 and groove 16 are shown on figure 4 as not being parallel. The planar tongued edge 25 is cut at a right angle (90 d~grees) to the wear surface. The planar grooved edge 15 is cut at an acute angle (less than 90 degrees) to the wear 20 surface. This provides a space above tongue 26 and groove 16 for glue 20 to flow to the wear surface 12 of laminate flooring 10. It is believed that this acute angle should be about 82.5 to 87.5 deg,ees. An acute angle above about 87.5 degrees will not provide sufficient space for viscous glue to flow to the wear surface 12. An acute angle of less than about 82.5 degrees will result in a larger space than required. Water 25 absorbed by the sul)sl,ate from the excess glue could swell the subslra~e and separate the planar tongued and grooved edges, 25 and 15 respectively. This also provides a spacP below the tongue 26 and groove 16 for the sul)st,ate to absorb moisture and swell without damaging the laminate floori,)g. It is believed that this swelling will not apply pressure for separating the planar tongued and grooved edges, 25 and 15 30 r~ ely.
Tongue 26 is shown as having a beveled surface 30 extending from its end surface 29 to its upper surface 27. The bevel is shown as cut at an oblique (45 degree) angle to the upper 27 and end 29 surfaces of the tongue 26. The beveled surface 30 3s can serve as a guide during the joining of tongue 26 and groove 16.
Express Mail No. HB105/83865 March 22, 1995 5 Docket No. 130129-045 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2172t 1:6 Glue 20 is shown on figure 2 in the end 19 of groove 16. Glue 20, after curing, -~ adheres the tongue and groove joint together and acts as a barrier against moisture penetration to the substrate 13. Commercially available wood glues are suitable to adhere the tongue and groove joint together. Franklin Titebond ll Wood Glue, which is s available from Franklin International of Columbus, Ohio is believed to be suitable for joining laminate flooring. Franklin Titebond ll Wood Glue is believed to be a polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesive. When laminate flooring is installed on a ~lexible pad, it is believed to be desirable for the glue to be somewhat ~lexilJle. It is thought that flexibility of the glue, after curing, can better accommodate depression of laminate flooring at the 10 tongue and groove joint of this invention.
Additional features and functions of the tongue and groove joint of this invention are shown on figures 2 through 4. As the tongue and groove of two pieces of laminate flooring 10 are joined, tongue 26 ~pplies pressure to liquid glue 20 in groove 16. Glue 15 20 flows past bc~rele~ edge 30 and through space 31 b~r~een the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16. The lower surfaces 28 of tongue 26 and the lower surface 18 of groove 16 are abutted, ll)ereby providing an impediment to glue ~lov~;ng bet~een the lower surfaces 28 and 18 of the tongue and groove.
The bcvel~ surface 30, as shown of figure 4, reduces the length of the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16 as compared to thelengths of the surfaces of a rectangular tongue. This is believed to aid in glue 20 ~lo/l;ng, preferentially, between the upper surfaces of tongue 26 and groove 16 during the joining of pieces of laminate flooring 10. The abutment and length of the lower surfaces, 28 and 18 f~specti-/e~, of tongue 26 and groove 16 is aiso believed to aid in glue 20 flowing, pr~erentially, bet~:~n the upper surfaces of tongue 26 and groove 16 during the joining of pieces of laminate nOo~ g 10. Additionally, it is believed that pressure created on the glue 20 during the joining of the tongue 26 and groove 16, as shown on figures 3 and 4, will be transmitted. in part, downwardly on upper surface 27 and bcvel~J surface 30 of tongue 26. This pressure can also aid in glue 20 flowing, p,~erenlially, ~ e~,l the upper surfaces of tongue 26 and groove 16 during the joining of pieces of laminate flooring 10.
The curing of the glue 20 involves the loss of solvent, water in the case of 3s Franklin Titebond ll Wood Glue, to the substrate 13. Water causes swelling of the sul,sl,ate. It is believed necessary to limit the volume of glue 20 that will cure by losing Express Mail No. HB105783~65 March 22, 1995 6 Docket No. 130129-045 , . . . , . . . ~ . . ~ . . . . ..
217~1 16 water or other soh/ent to the subslfate 13. This is accomplished in the embodiment of this invention as shown on tigures 1 - 4 by limiting the distance between (1) the end 19 of groove 16 and the end 29 of tongue 26,(2) the amount of the tongue that is cut off in making beveled surface 30, (3) the space 31 between the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16 and (4) the space 32 between planar tongued edge 25 and planar grooved edge 15 above tongue 26 and groove 16, respectively.
It is believcd that swelling of the subslra~e at the upper surfaces of the tongue o and groove, 27 and 17 ~s~ecti~/e~, aids in holding the tongue and groove joint of this inv~ntic " to$~tl,er. Therefore, it is ~olie~ed that no more than one haH and preferably no more than one third of the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 should be removed incutting the bcveled surface 30 on tongue 26. The space between the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove should be limited to the space required for glue to preferenlially lS flow to the wear surface 12 when tongue 26 and groove 16 are joined. It is believed that e~-oess space can result in damage to laminate ~looring. Glue loses water to the sul,stfa~e 13 ~dj~cent space 31 during the curing of the glue. Some swelling is l~"eficial for producing a tight tongue and groove joint. I lov:~ver, e3~cess swelling damages laminate flooring.
Sufficient glue 20 should be placed in the end 19 of the groove 16 such that a p~l lio., of the glue will flow to the wear surface 12 as the tongue and groove joint of this invcnliGn is joined. Ad~ nal glue is not beneficial and increases the cleanup efforts.
A laminate ~looring embodiment of the tongue and groove joint of this invention shown on figures 5 through 8. The dimensions of the features of laminate flooring are ~ lell~J dimensions for the embodiment shown. The tolerances are prefer,ed tolerances for the embodiment shown. Dimensions and tolerances are shown on figures 5 and 6 in inches. Dimensions and tolerances shown on figures 7 and 8 inmillimeters.
The tolerances for cutting the upper and lower surfaces of the tongue and groove are different. It is shown on figures 5 - 8 that the lower surfaces, 28 and 18 respe~i~/e~, of the tongues and grooves are cut to be 0.2 + 0.0015 inches (5.08 ~0.0381 millimeters) from the wear surface 12. The upper surface 27 is cut for the tongue 26 to have a minimum width of 0.09 inches (2.286 millimeters) and to increase Express Mail No. HB105/83865 March 22, 1995 7 Docket No. 130129-045 . . .
" 217~1 16 -- in width by up to 0.003 inches (0.0762 millimeters) during the cutting of the tongue.
The upper surface 17 is cut for the groove to have a maximum width of 0.1 inches (2.54 millimeters) and to decrease in width by up to 0.~03 inches (0.0762 millimeters) during the cutting of the groove. This provides a minimum space 31 between the upper 5 surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16 of 0.004 inches (0.1016 millimeters).
While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity, it will be understood that various other modHications will be apparent to o and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims apper,.led hereto be limXed to the examples and descriptions set forth herein but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty that reside in the present invention, including all features that would be treated as S equivalents thereof by those skilled the art to which this invention pertains.
Additionally, while the presenl invention has been illust,alecJ with respect to laminate flooring, it is to be ul-der~tood that the tongue and groove of the present invention may be utilked in any ap~ ion in which it is desired to have a tongue and 20 groove joint, including but not limited to flooring in general, furniture, cabinets, counlallG~.s and wall paneling.
1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to tongue and groove joints. These joints are particularly useful for joining pieces of laminate fIOGr;nY~ Glue in these joints resists pene~r~iGn of moisture.
2. 1 )escr~ion of the Rel~ted Art Commercially available laminate flooring generally includes a wear surface gluedto a subslrate. The wear surface generally is high-wear resistant decorative laminate.
The substrate generally is fiber board or particle board. Each piece of laminate ~IGorin~
~e"er~lly has a groove along one end and one side suHable for joining with a tongue 20 along one side or end of an adjacent piece of laminate flooring.
While such laminate flooring has found wide accept~nce in Europe as flooring, itis not substar)tially used in the United States. In part the reason may be due to inst~l'qtion difficulties and the lack of moisture resistance in the joint areas.
Laminate flooring is assembled by placing glue in the groove and inserting the tongue of one piece into the groove of an ~jacent piece. A s'~( s~ntially complementary fit of a tongue and groove results in difficulty in aligning the tongue and groove. Additionally, as the glue is absorbed into substrate, the subsl~te swells, 30 causing the groove to tightiy squeeze the tongue. This can make full insertion of the tongue into the groove extremely difficult. Furthermore, as the tongue and groove are moved together, glue can be compressed in the groove by the tongue in a piston fashion. This can increase the difficulty in abutting the wear surfaces of adjacent laminate flooring pieces.
To overcome this assembly problem, laminate flooring manufactures offer Express Mail No. HB105783865 March 22, 1995 1 Docket No. 130129-045 . , .. .. ~ . .. . . . . .. . ~ . . . . . .
2 1 ~2 ~ ~
special tools for assembling pieces of laminate flooring.
One such special tool is a hammering aid that has a flat surface and complementary tongue and groove engaging surfaces. When difficulty is encountered 5 in abutting the wear surfaces of adjacent pieces the hammering aid is placed along the edge of the laminate. The flat surface of the hammering aid is then struck with a hammer repeatedly to apply a force to the joint and force the tongue and groove together.
However, even with the use of a hammering aid a gap can remain between ~jacent pieces. The gap is unsi~ ly and allows for damaging penet,ali~n of moisture to the s~lbsl,dte. The problem with moisture penetralion into the joint is that it can cause the subslrale to swell. F-~cess swelling damages laminate flooring.
S La",i.,ate flooring with tongue and groove joints are difficult to manufacture. The tight complementary fit bet~;ee., the tongue and groove requires altentiGn be paid to cutting tolerances for the widths of the tongue and groove. An i"leresling yet problematic phenomenon occurs during the process of cutting the tongues and grooves. The cutting process itself pr~gressively dulls and wears the cutting bl~des As the blades pr~g,essively wear, grooves of later cut articles are prog,essively narrower than grooves of earlier cut articles. Likewise tongues of later cut articles are ~uy~essively wider than tongues of earlier cut articles. Unfo~tunately at some point the widths of the tongues and grooves are not within acceptable tolerances.
Thus there is a need in the art for an improved tongue and grooved joint. There is a need for a tongue and groove joint that does not require spec-~l tools for ins~ tion. There is a need for a moisture resistant tongue and groove joint. These and other needs will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of this s~)ecificaliG", including its claims and drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVF~TION
It is one object of the present invention to provide for an improved tongue and grooved joint.
It is even another object of the present invention to provide for a tongue and Express Mail No. HB105783865 March 22,1995 2 Docket No.130129-045 .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . .
2 1 7 2 t 1 ~
_ grooved joint that does not require special tools for installation.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide for a moisture resistant tongue and groove joint.
s These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon review of this speci~icalion including its claims and drawings.
An article of the present invention has a planar decorative wear surface a o grooved edge and a tongued edge. The tongued edge has a tongue with a planar lower surface posit;Gned an index distance from and parallel to the planar decoralive surface. The grooved surface has a groove with a planar lower surface positioned the index distance from and parallel to the planar decorali~e surface. The upper surfaces of the tongue and groove are shaped and sked such that upon joining two pieces of the article by pOS~iG"i-~ the lower surfaces of the tongues and grooves tGgetl,er and moving the tongue of one piece into the groove of anotl,er piece liquid glue placed in the groove will be s~lueç~ed out between the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove and upwardly b~ 2en the tongued and grooved edge toward the decorative surfaces of the two pieces. This joint can be assembled without the use of speci~l tools and the 20 glue acts as a barrier to water damage to sub~t,ate of laminate flooring.
The tongue has a beveled surface e~-ter,J;ng from the end surface to the upper surface of the tongue. The bcvele~ surface can form an oblique angle to the upper surface of the tongue. r,eferably more than about one half and most preferably more than about two thirds of the length of upper surface of the tongue remains after the boveled surface is cut. A space for glue to be s~ueç~ed through is provided betv/oon the upper surfaces of tongues and grooves upon joining pieces of the article. A space for glue to be squeezed through is also provided between a planar surface above the tongue and a planar surface above the groove. The planar surface above the tongue 30 forms a right angle to the decorative surface. The planar surface above ~he groove forms an acute angle to the decorative surface The acute angle can be about 82.5 to 87.5 degrees. A space is provided bet~:~en a planar surface below the tongue and a planar surface below the groove. The planar surface below the tongue forms a right angle to the decorative surface. The planar surface below the groove forms an acute angle to the decorative surface The acute angle can be about 82.5 to 87.5 degrees.
Express Mail No. HB105/83865 March 22,1995 3 Docket No.130129-045 2t721 ~6 RRIFF DF~CRIPTION OF THF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side-view of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention.
s Figure 2 is a side-view of an assembly step of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention showing glue placed in the groove and the tongue entering the groove.
Figure 3 is a side-view of an assembly step of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention showing the tongue in contact with glue in the groove and the glue being squeezed out.
Figure 4 is a side-view showing the tongue and groove of the present invention being fully joined and glue sq~lee~ed out to the wear surface.
Figures 5 - 8 show the dimensions of an embodiment of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention in C.)glish and Metric units.
I )FTAII Fn DF~CRIPTION OF THF INVFI~ITION
The tongue and groove joint of the present invention is described with refere"ceto laminate flooring. I lowevcr, the prese,lt invention is ~rlplic~ble to other articles that can be joined with tongue and groove joints.
Features and functions of the tongue and groove joint of the present invention are shown in side views of pieces of laminate flooring 10 on figures 1 - 4. A piece of laminate flooring 10 is shown on figure 1 with a rectangular tongue 26 on a planar tongued edge 25. Another piece of laminate flooring 10 is shown on figure 1 with a rectangular groove 16 on a planar grooved edge 15.
Addili~i,al features of laminate flooring are decorative laminate 11, subslrate 13, and backer 14. The decorative laminate provides a wear surface 12. The tongue 26and groove 16 are cut in the s~,bstrate. It is believed that particle board, fiberboard or oocJ can be suitable subst,ales 13 for laminate flooring. A backer 14 is believed to be required when laminate tlooring is to be installed on a ~lexiLI~ pad. The backer 14 provides dimensional stability to the laminate flooring and can be a moisture barrier. It Express Mail No. HB105783865 March 22, 1995 4 Docket No. 130129-045 21 721 f 6 is believed that a backer is not required for laminate flooring that will be glued to an existing floor.
The tongue 26 and groove 16 are shown on figure 1 as having planar lower 5 surfaces, 28 and 18 respectively. These planar lower surfaces are parallel with and an indexing distance from planar wear surface 12. Abutment of the planar lower surface 28 of tongue 26 and the planar lower surface 18 of groove 16 during the joining of the tongue and groove, as shown on figures 2 through 4, causes indexing of wear surfaces 12 of pieces of laminate flooring 10.
The tongue 26 and groove 16 are shown on figures 3 and 4 as having planar upper surfaces, 27 and 17 r~spective~. These planar upper surfaces are parallel and spaced apart. This space provides a flow path for glue to flow during the joining of the tongue and groove joint of this invention.
The planar tongued and grooved edges, 25 and 15 respecti~/ely, above and below the tongue 26 and groove 16 are shown on figure 4 as not being parallel. The planar tongued edge 25 is cut at a right angle (90 d~grees) to the wear surface. The planar grooved edge 15 is cut at an acute angle (less than 90 degrees) to the wear 20 surface. This provides a space above tongue 26 and groove 16 for glue 20 to flow to the wear surface 12 of laminate flooring 10. It is believed that this acute angle should be about 82.5 to 87.5 deg,ees. An acute angle above about 87.5 degrees will not provide sufficient space for viscous glue to flow to the wear surface 12. An acute angle of less than about 82.5 degrees will result in a larger space than required. Water 25 absorbed by the sul)sl,ate from the excess glue could swell the subslra~e and separate the planar tongued and grooved edges, 25 and 15 respectively. This also provides a spacP below the tongue 26 and groove 16 for the sul)st,ate to absorb moisture and swell without damaging the laminate floori,)g. It is believed that this swelling will not apply pressure for separating the planar tongued and grooved edges, 25 and 15 30 r~ ely.
Tongue 26 is shown as having a beveled surface 30 extending from its end surface 29 to its upper surface 27. The bevel is shown as cut at an oblique (45 degree) angle to the upper 27 and end 29 surfaces of the tongue 26. The beveled surface 30 3s can serve as a guide during the joining of tongue 26 and groove 16.
Express Mail No. HB105/83865 March 22, 1995 5 Docket No. 130129-045 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2172t 1:6 Glue 20 is shown on figure 2 in the end 19 of groove 16. Glue 20, after curing, -~ adheres the tongue and groove joint together and acts as a barrier against moisture penetration to the substrate 13. Commercially available wood glues are suitable to adhere the tongue and groove joint together. Franklin Titebond ll Wood Glue, which is s available from Franklin International of Columbus, Ohio is believed to be suitable for joining laminate flooring. Franklin Titebond ll Wood Glue is believed to be a polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesive. When laminate flooring is installed on a ~lexible pad, it is believed to be desirable for the glue to be somewhat ~lexilJle. It is thought that flexibility of the glue, after curing, can better accommodate depression of laminate flooring at the 10 tongue and groove joint of this invention.
Additional features and functions of the tongue and groove joint of this invention are shown on figures 2 through 4. As the tongue and groove of two pieces of laminate flooring 10 are joined, tongue 26 ~pplies pressure to liquid glue 20 in groove 16. Glue 15 20 flows past bc~rele~ edge 30 and through space 31 b~r~een the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16. The lower surfaces 28 of tongue 26 and the lower surface 18 of groove 16 are abutted, ll)ereby providing an impediment to glue ~lov~;ng bet~een the lower surfaces 28 and 18 of the tongue and groove.
The bcvel~ surface 30, as shown of figure 4, reduces the length of the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16 as compared to thelengths of the surfaces of a rectangular tongue. This is believed to aid in glue 20 ~lo/l;ng, preferentially, between the upper surfaces of tongue 26 and groove 16 during the joining of pieces of laminate flooring 10. The abutment and length of the lower surfaces, 28 and 18 f~specti-/e~, of tongue 26 and groove 16 is aiso believed to aid in glue 20 flowing, pr~erentially, bet~:~n the upper surfaces of tongue 26 and groove 16 during the joining of pieces of laminate nOo~ g 10. Additionally, it is believed that pressure created on the glue 20 during the joining of the tongue 26 and groove 16, as shown on figures 3 and 4, will be transmitted. in part, downwardly on upper surface 27 and bcvel~J surface 30 of tongue 26. This pressure can also aid in glue 20 flowing, p,~erenlially, ~ e~,l the upper surfaces of tongue 26 and groove 16 during the joining of pieces of laminate flooring 10.
The curing of the glue 20 involves the loss of solvent, water in the case of 3s Franklin Titebond ll Wood Glue, to the substrate 13. Water causes swelling of the sul,sl,ate. It is believed necessary to limit the volume of glue 20 that will cure by losing Express Mail No. HB105783~65 March 22, 1995 6 Docket No. 130129-045 , . . . , . . . ~ . . ~ . . . . ..
217~1 16 water or other soh/ent to the subslfate 13. This is accomplished in the embodiment of this invention as shown on tigures 1 - 4 by limiting the distance between (1) the end 19 of groove 16 and the end 29 of tongue 26,(2) the amount of the tongue that is cut off in making beveled surface 30, (3) the space 31 between the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16 and (4) the space 32 between planar tongued edge 25 and planar grooved edge 15 above tongue 26 and groove 16, respectively.
It is believcd that swelling of the subslra~e at the upper surfaces of the tongue o and groove, 27 and 17 ~s~ecti~/e~, aids in holding the tongue and groove joint of this inv~ntic " to$~tl,er. Therefore, it is ~olie~ed that no more than one haH and preferably no more than one third of the upper surface 27 of tongue 26 should be removed incutting the bcveled surface 30 on tongue 26. The space between the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove should be limited to the space required for glue to preferenlially lS flow to the wear surface 12 when tongue 26 and groove 16 are joined. It is believed that e~-oess space can result in damage to laminate ~looring. Glue loses water to the sul,stfa~e 13 ~dj~cent space 31 during the curing of the glue. Some swelling is l~"eficial for producing a tight tongue and groove joint. I lov:~ver, e3~cess swelling damages laminate flooring.
Sufficient glue 20 should be placed in the end 19 of the groove 16 such that a p~l lio., of the glue will flow to the wear surface 12 as the tongue and groove joint of this invcnliGn is joined. Ad~ nal glue is not beneficial and increases the cleanup efforts.
A laminate ~looring embodiment of the tongue and groove joint of this invention shown on figures 5 through 8. The dimensions of the features of laminate flooring are ~ lell~J dimensions for the embodiment shown. The tolerances are prefer,ed tolerances for the embodiment shown. Dimensions and tolerances are shown on figures 5 and 6 in inches. Dimensions and tolerances shown on figures 7 and 8 inmillimeters.
The tolerances for cutting the upper and lower surfaces of the tongue and groove are different. It is shown on figures 5 - 8 that the lower surfaces, 28 and 18 respe~i~/e~, of the tongues and grooves are cut to be 0.2 + 0.0015 inches (5.08 ~0.0381 millimeters) from the wear surface 12. The upper surface 27 is cut for the tongue 26 to have a minimum width of 0.09 inches (2.286 millimeters) and to increase Express Mail No. HB105/83865 March 22, 1995 7 Docket No. 130129-045 . . .
" 217~1 16 -- in width by up to 0.003 inches (0.0762 millimeters) during the cutting of the tongue.
The upper surface 17 is cut for the groove to have a maximum width of 0.1 inches (2.54 millimeters) and to decrease in width by up to 0.~03 inches (0.0762 millimeters) during the cutting of the groove. This provides a minimum space 31 between the upper 5 surface 27 of tongue 26 and the upper surface 17 of groove 16 of 0.004 inches (0.1016 millimeters).
While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity, it will be understood that various other modHications will be apparent to o and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims apper,.led hereto be limXed to the examples and descriptions set forth herein but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty that reside in the present invention, including all features that would be treated as S equivalents thereof by those skilled the art to which this invention pertains.
Additionally, while the presenl invention has been illust,alecJ with respect to laminate flooring, it is to be ul-der~tood that the tongue and groove of the present invention may be utilked in any ap~ ion in which it is desired to have a tongue and 20 groove joint, including but not limited to flooring in general, furniture, cabinets, counlallG~.s and wall paneling.
Claims (14)
1. An article having a planar, decorative wear surface, a grooved edge and a tongued edge, wherein the tongued edge comprises a tongue having a planar lower surface positioned an index distance from and parallel to the planar decorative surface,and wherein the grooved surface comprises a groove having a planar lower surface positioned the index distance from and parallel to the planar decorativesurface, and wherein the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove are shaped and sized such that upon joining two pieces of the article by positioning the lower surfaces of the tongues and grooves together and moving the tongue of one piece into the groove of another piece, liquid glue placed in the groove will be squeezed out between the upper surfaces of the tongue and groove and upwardly between the tongued and grooved edge toward the decorative surfaces of the two pieces.
2. The article of claim 1, wherein the tongue has a beveled surface extending from the end surface to the upper surface of the tongue.
3. The article of claim 1, wherein the beveled surface forms an oblique angle to the upper surface of the tongue.
4. The article of claim 1, wherein more than about one half of the length of upper surface of the tongue remaining after the beveled surface is formed.
5. The article of claim 1, wherein more than about two thirds of the length of upper surface of the tongue remains after the beveled surface is formed.
6. The article of claim 1, wherein a space is provided above the tongue and groove upon joining two pieces of the article by a planar surface above the tongue thatforms a right angle to the decorative surface and a planar surface above the groove that forms an acute angle to the decorative surface.
7. The article of claim 1, wherein the acute angle is about 82.5 to 87.5 degrees.
8. The article of claim 1, wherein a space is provided below the tongue and groove upon joining two pieces of the article by a planar surface below the tongue forms a right angle to the decorative surface and a planar surface below the groove that forms an acute angle to the decorative surface.
9. The article of claim 1, wherein the acute angle is about 82.5 to 87.5 degrees.
10. A method of making a tongue and a groove along joining edges of an article having a decorative wear surface and a grooved joining side and a tongued joining side, comprising:
forming along the grooved joining side a groove having a planar lower surface;
forming along the tongued joining side a tongue having a planar lower surface;
wherein the tongue and the groove are formed such that the planar lower surfaces are formed an index distance from and parallel to the decorative wear surface, and wherein the tongue and groove are formed such that upon joining two pieces of the article by positioning the lower surfaces of the tongues and grooves together and moving the tongues into the grooves, liquid adhesive placed in the groove will be squeezed out over the tongue and toward the decorative wear surfaces of the two pieces of the article.
forming along the grooved joining side a groove having a planar lower surface;
forming along the tongued joining side a tongue having a planar lower surface;
wherein the tongue and the groove are formed such that the planar lower surfaces are formed an index distance from and parallel to the decorative wear surface, and wherein the tongue and groove are formed such that upon joining two pieces of the article by positioning the lower surfaces of the tongues and grooves together and moving the tongues into the grooves, liquid adhesive placed in the groove will be squeezed out over the tongue and toward the decorative wear surfaces of the two pieces of the article.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the decorative wear surface comprises a high pressure decorative laminate.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the grooved joining side and the decorative wear surface are oriented at an angle of less than 90.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the article comprises fiber board.
14. The method of claim 10 wherein the article comprises medium density fiber board.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/409,221 | 1995-03-22 | ||
| US08/409,221 US5618602A (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1995-03-22 | Articles with tongue and groove joint and method of making such a joint |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2172116A1 true CA2172116A1 (en) | 1996-09-23 |
Family
ID=23619560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002172116A Abandoned CA2172116A1 (en) | 1995-03-22 | 1996-03-19 | Articles with tongue and groove joint and method of making such a joint |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5618602A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0733756A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08281613A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960034620A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1137968A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU690429B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2172116A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ85696A3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9600707A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL313404A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2108432C1 (en) |
| SG (1) | SG40841A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK37196A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199600236A2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW310356B (en) |
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-
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- 1995-03-22 US US08/409,221 patent/US5618602A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-03-19 CA CA002172116A patent/CA2172116A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-20 EP EP96301900A patent/EP0733756A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-20 AU AU48160/96A patent/AU690429B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-20 SK SK371-96A patent/SK37196A3/en unknown
- 1996-03-20 TW TW085103320A patent/TW310356B/zh active
- 1996-03-21 CZ CZ96856A patent/CZ85696A3/en unknown
- 1996-03-21 SG SG1996006560A patent/SG40841A1/en unknown
- 1996-03-21 PL PL96313404A patent/PL313404A1/en unknown
- 1996-03-21 RU RU96105037A patent/RU2108432C1/en active
- 1996-03-21 HU HU9600707A patent/HUP9600707A3/en unknown
- 1996-03-22 KR KR1019960007831A patent/KR960034620A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-03-22 JP JP8066707A patent/JPH08281613A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-22 TR TR96/00236A patent/TR199600236A2/en unknown
- 1996-03-22 CN CN96103731A patent/CN1137968A/en active Pending
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| HUP9600707A2 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
| JPH08281613A (en) | 1996-10-29 |
| AU690429B2 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
| AU4816096A (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| HU9600707D0 (en) | 1996-05-28 |
| HUP9600707A3 (en) | 1999-09-28 |
| CN1137968A (en) | 1996-12-18 |
| EP0733756A2 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
| SG40841A1 (en) | 1997-06-14 |
| PL313404A1 (en) | 1996-09-30 |
| RU2108432C1 (en) | 1998-04-10 |
| TW310356B (en) | 1997-07-11 |
| CZ85696A3 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
| EP0733756A3 (en) | 1998-04-29 |
| TR199600236A2 (en) | 1997-03-21 |
| SK37196A3 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| US5618602A (en) | 1997-04-08 |
| KR960034620A (en) | 1996-10-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |