CA2177173A1 - High frequency power measurement - Google Patents
High frequency power measurementInfo
- Publication number
- CA2177173A1 CA2177173A1 CA002177173A CA2177173A CA2177173A1 CA 2177173 A1 CA2177173 A1 CA 2177173A1 CA 002177173 A CA002177173 A CA 002177173A CA 2177173 A CA2177173 A CA 2177173A CA 2177173 A1 CA2177173 A1 CA 2177173A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mean square
- root mean
- output
- electrosurgical generator
- value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B18/1233—Generators therefor with circuits for assuring patient safety
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
- A61B2017/00026—Conductivity or impedance, e.g. of tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00666—Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00666—Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value
- A61B2018/00678—Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value upper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00684—Sensing and controlling the application of energy using lookup tables
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00696—Controlled or regulated parameters
- A61B2018/00702—Power or energy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00696—Controlled or regulated parameters
- A61B2018/00702—Power or energy
- A61B2018/00708—Power or energy switching the power on or off
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00696—Controlled or regulated parameters
- A61B2018/00755—Resistance or impedance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00869—Phase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00636—Sensing and controlling the application of energy
- A61B2018/00773—Sensed parameters
- A61B2018/00875—Resistance or impedance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B2018/1273—Generators therefor including multiple generators in one device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
- G01R21/133—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by using digital technique
Abstract
A monitoring circuit (10) for an electrosurgical generator (11) has active and return output conductors. Voltage, current (24) and the inverse of current (24) picked up inductively are provided to adder circuits for summing the picked up voltage (20) and current (24) and computing the difference of the picked up voltage (20) and the current (24). Root mean square to direct current converters (26 and 28) signal RMS average values of the sum and difference. A microprocessor squares the values and applies them to a formula wherein the sum signals (22) have rubtracted therefrom the difference signals (25); the results are divided by four to provide the root mean square of the power applied to the load (12). During desiccation the output is regulated in response to impedance to shut off output. A diagnostic circuit relates impedance load and output response during operation to a look up table or a microprocessor algorithm to calibrate. Feedback modifies the output when the adders determine the power applied to the load (12) in real time. A method has generator output to active and return conductors (14 and 15) and to inductive pick ups (16 and 17) for voltage and current (24), computes sum and differential values (25), changes root mean square to direct currents (24), squares the values and subtracts the differential from the summation, then divides the result finding the root mean square value of the power.
Description
wo 95/18383 2 l 7 7 1 7 3 F~J,~3 1.`~~ 11 HIGH FF;F~ F~ICY POWER r'~SUREMENT
1. Field of the Invention A high frequency power monitoring circuit for an electrosurgical generator applied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effectcalculates the power with an adder circuit to the value of the actual power applied to the load without any ~ .e such as would have been introduced by cables of varyinglengthsortheeffectsofCircuitCu~."uullc7l-L~resultingfromthe~
of high frequency energy thereto.
1. Field of the Invention A high frequency power monitoring circuit for an electrosurgical generator applied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effectcalculates the power with an adder circuit to the value of the actual power applied to the load without any ~ .e such as would have been introduced by cables of varyinglengthsortheeffectsofCircuitCu~."uullc7l-L~resultingfromthe~
of high frequency energy thereto.
2. F~rl-nround of the Dicrlncllre This electrosurgical circuit monitors power consumed at the electrodes and ~ .~c,LliJl ,as a power measurement i, I~J~o~d~ ,1 of Ca~ua_;lal ll,d such that cables of preset i""~lO"ue and the effects of high frequency current on multipliers presently used in such circuits are eliminated. it has been found that the use of certain circuit elements that are more stable give values for power consumed which when IlluLllelllclLi~.~lly applied provide the eAact power measurement of the electrosurgical generator under varying loads.
C~ ,ly loaded circuits, i.e. an electrosurgical generator with long leads, or l.",_.u~cuu;,, electrosurgical instruments that u~&_;Li~uly couple with the trocar or other instruments, e.g. ~"~u~copes, video etc., are difficult to accurately regulate and auLu,,,aLic~ !y control since the i",peda"ce signals are subject to the effects of capacitive and inductive sensitive Cu",,uu"e,lL~. In particular, multipliers and/or phase detectors introduce spurious signal _JIIUIIII "" which are difficult to design out and Culll,ut l~aLtl for. Because of the cau_~itc~llu6 of long leads for high frequency power Llal,~",;~s;u", the assumption thatthe root meansquare of voltage andcurrentcanbemultipliedforaccuratepowerd~LcllllillaLiullisfalse~ Thecurrent divider effect introduced by the leads, particularly, those which are long, results in the current at the electrosurgical generator output being unequal to the current 35 through the load, i.e. the patient's tiSSUe. Moreover, the variation of the tissuo il-"~a"ue of the patient is not ~uluAi~ L~d by the output current and to measurethe voltage and current delivered at the electrodes is ill,,ul~,;LiLal. The multiplied root mean square values of voltage and current to obtain power are inaccurate, subject Wo95/18383 2 t 7~7i ~ 1~ ~I/.L ,. 11 o -to circuit bu""uun""I values and tend to drift over time and are unstable at the high frequencies typically used in electrûsurgery. Specifically, the phase an~qle between the voltaûe wave form and current wave form must be taken into account.
T. " , "y, the root mean square values of voltage and current are multiplied 5 together and further multiplied by the cosine of the unknown phase angle. Since the phase angle is not readily available and not easily measured, no accurate way ofapplying the cosine of the phase angle to a control the operation of an electrosurgical generator is possible. A means to account for the phase angle and any changes thereof is not 1 . . bbi~ d or understood. A way to circumvent the 10 problem with a circuit that is insensitive to Culll,uullblll ce~ "ce is required.
U.S. Patent 4,922,210 has a control for the driver circuit of a high frequency electrosurgical generator that is responsive to a resultant signal which is obtained by adding a voltage signal and an inverse current signal from the output of the electrosurgical generator. U.S. Patent 4,922,210 has a positive feedback high 15 frequency oscillator with a cb~,.",k,..,~.,la~y power amplifier that derives part of input from parallel resonant circuit voltage and the remainder from series resonant circuit current. The oscillator included a voltage feedback means, current inverse feedback means, algebraic addition means and pulse converting means. No apparent IbCoulliliUIl of the problems of inaccuracies introduced by capacitive sensitive20cu,,,~,u,,~,,ls are noted and the measurements applied to determine the power actually delivered to the load are not correct.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A high frequency power monitoring circuit for an electrosurgical generator applied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effect may have a source of high25frequency electrosurgical enerûy including an electrosurgical ~enerator and its active and return conductors connected to the output thereof. An inductive pick up for voltage is preferably connected betw~en the conductors of the electrosurgical generator. An inductive pick up for current flowing through at least one of the t conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator and an inductive pick up 30for the inverse of current flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator output are preferred.
A first adder circuit for computing the illalul,lal~ebus inductively picked up voltage with the illal~lllcllle~ùuSly inductively picked up current may provide a sum WO 9S/18383 2 1 7 7 l ~ /LL, ~ 11 indicative i.,~La"La"aously thereof. A second adde~ circuit for computing the inductively picked up volta~qe and the inverse of the i"aLa"La"aously derived current may provide a differential value thereof. A root mean square to direct current converter for the summation value most preferably provides a signal of the 5 ill:~LallLallavUs value of the summation as a root mean square summation value. A
root mean square to direct current converter for the differential value may provide a signal of the ill~Lal,La"aous value of the differential as a root mean square differential value.
A ,,,iu,u~,,u~.6~v, ~ali ' ''y receives the root mean square summation and 10 root mean square differential values and squares those root mean square summation and differential values for,, " ~ to a formula so preferably the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values so the result therefrom may be divided by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load.
The root mean square to direct current converter for the summation value and the root mean square to direct current converter for the v;'ra,a,,Lial value arepreferably each inputs to a ,,,;~,,ùcv,,L,~'' with band limited signal processin~
~ 1, ' " The length and illlpo;la~ e of the active and return conductors are ill ,;~lliri~,a"L to the vaL~..III;,laLiull of the root mean square value of the actual power 20 applied to the load.
A feedback circuit is preferably connected to the electrosurgical generator for modifying the output thereof. The first and second adders may determine the rootmean square value of the actual power applied to the load in real time so the Illivluulul,aaavl may ~alivvi~ receive the squared root mean square summation 25 and subtract the squared root mean square differential values so the result therefrom may be divided by four to provide sn indication of load for use in the feedback circuit to control the output of the electrosurgical ~qenerator.
The inductive pick up for current flowinq throu~qh at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator is preferably located 30 along the active conductor or the return conductor. The inductive pick up for the inverse of current flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator output is preferably located along the active or return conductors. The electrosurgical generator may have an internal diagnostic circuit which relates WO 95~18383 ~ ~ ~ 7 1 7 3 ~11~, . 11 o impedance load and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm l.-uy, ...ed in the ~iu~ù~Uce~o( for obtaining a correction to .."~ ';...,I!y calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit.
A self-operating ' ~ 5 _ I regulator may be connected to the electrosurgical generator output to in response to i"",~d...~u" shut off output when the impedance is at a level preset in the ,..iu.uu-ùcv~u-. An inductive pick up for voltage between the active and the return conductots is connected to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage to preferably provide a measure of the root mean 10 square of the voltage and the 1lI;UIU,UIU~.6~50~ may be i~uy~u..""~d to find the phase an~qle between voltage and current. An inductive pick up for voltage between theactive and return the conductors is preferably connected to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage to provide a measure of the root mean square of the volhge and the ~iu~u~uu~u~ may be uloulal".,l~d to find the length of a 15 controlled cd"~ c."..e cûble A method for monitoring hiqh frequency power from an electrosurgical generator applied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effect with the step of cu, " ,. _Li, y an electrosurgical generator output to active and return conductors. The futther step of Culllla~.lillU an inductive pick up for voltage between the conductors 20 of the electrosurgical generator may be included. Another step of cUIlllel~ û an inductive pick up for current flowing through at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator is preferred. The method may have an added step of uu"~_li--y an inductive pick up for the inverse of current flowingthrough the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator output. It is preferred 25 that a step of computing with a first adder circuit the illaL~Illklll_~s inductively picked up voltago with the illaLa.lLal.~ously inductively picked up current to provide a sum indicative illaLul Ita,lùously thereof follows. The additional step of computing with a second adder circuit the inductively picked up voltage and the inverse of the Lul ILal ,eously derived current providing a differential value thereof may be 30 included. Converting a root mean square to direct current for the summation value to provide a signal of the illaLal-la--eous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value is preferred as another step. Then the step of convertinga root mean square to direct current for the differential value to provide a signal of WO 95118383 r.
217717~
the i":,lO"L~"aous vOlue of the differential as a root mean square differentiOI vOlue is preferably performed. Thereafter, the step of receiving in a ",i~.,uu,u~
~. iuli~...lly the root mean square summation Ond root mean square differential values may ba employed. The method then may include the step of squOring those root 5 mean square c,, , and differential values for 1, : , to a formula wherein the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values. Finally, the step of dividing the result therefrom by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power appliad to the load is followed.
The step of applying the root mean square to direct current converter for the summation and differential values to a ,,,i~.,u~.u,,l,, with band limited signalprocessing ~ - is preferred. The step of d~L~"";"i"g the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load ill~u~ll~e,lllly of the length andi"")edO"~.e of the active and return conductors is also preferred. Then the steps of 15 CulllldL.Ii"u a feedback circuit to the electrosurgical generatûr for modifyin~ the output thereof and du~..lll;,lillg with the first and second adders the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load in real time so the " ,;~., ù,c" u~ ,, can pe,l '~ recaive and square the root mean square summationand subtract the squared root means square differential values and thereafter 20 calculate in the formula so the result therefrom can be divided by four to provide an indication of load for use in the feedback circuit to control the output of the electrosurgical ~enerator may be followed.
The method may have the step of locating the inductive pick up for current flowing through at least one of the conductors along tha active conductor or 25 the return conductor. The step of locating the inductive pick up for the inverse of current flowing through at least one of the conductors along the active conductor or the return conductor is preferably performed. The step of providing in the electrosurgical ~enerator an internal diagnostic circuit which relates i" "~eda"ut~ load and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm u,u~ ..""ad 30 in the ,,,i..,uu,u~.essu~ for obtaining a correction to auLu, ,oliu~ly calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit is performed.
The step of cu~ e~ u a self-operating llt~ .Lcl~iul l regulator to the electrosurgical generator output to in response to i""e6~O"ue shut off output when the impedance W09S/18383 2177~3 i$ at a level preset in the ",;..-uu,uc~ may follow. The steps of cu,~ ,,li--g an inductive pick up for voltage between the active and return the conductors to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the .i.,~U,u~C~s_J. is 5 ,u.uu.u,,,,,.~d for finding the phase angle between voltage and current may perhaps come thereafter. The steps of cu... ,r,_Li- 9 an inductive pick up for voltage between the active and return the conductors to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the ~ U,UlUL.6_..UI is ,~Iu~ Jd for finding the length of a 10 controlled c~u~ ilc,,,~.~ cable may be a part of the preferred method.
~ F [~t~C., Il_. OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram with blocks to represent the cu,,,pu,,~,,LY of a high frequency power monitoring circuit for an electrosurgical generator shownapplied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effect.
~ET~" Fn DESCRUTION OF THF lI Vr 11~. .
A high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical gonerator 11 applied to a load 12 to achieve an electrosurgical effect has a source of high frequency electrosurgical energy 13 as part of the electrosurgical generator 11 to supply its active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively, connected to receive 25 the output therefrom. An inductive pick up 16 for voltage is connected between the active and return conductors 14 and 15"~ ,ly, of the electrosurgical generator 1 1. The high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 can be internal to the electrosurgical generator 11, i.e., within the circuitry thereof or alternatively externally attached thereof. An inductive pick up 17 for current flowing through at 30 least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, ~ ,Li~ly, of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11. It is preferred to use the active conductor 14 for each pick up. An inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current flowing through the one active or return conductor 14 or 15 of the electrosurgical generator 11 ~V095/18383 21 77 t 73 r~
.
output provide input to the high frequency monitoring circuit 10. It is preferred to use the active conductor 14 for that pick up.
A first adder circuit 19 for computing the i, I:~lal It~ 0US inductively picked up voltage20withthei,l,l~,lllallaouslyinductivelypickedupcurrent21 providesasum indicative il,~Lcllllcl,l~ously thereof 22. A second adder circuit 23 for computing the inductively picked up voltage 20 and the inverse of the ill:~lallL~IlldOusly derived current 24 provides a differential value 25 indicative il ,:,~." ,LCI"eously thereof. A root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value 22 provides asignal 27 of the i".l~"l~",eous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value. A root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the differential value 25 provides a signal 29 of the differential value as a root mean square value.
Analoy to digital converters 30 and 31 are in the hiyh froquency monitoring circuit 10 to convert analog input voltages 27 and 29 into digital words as the outputs therefrom. It can be a discrete converter or integrated into a ,,,i~ ,u~,- oc~su, 32. The Illil,lU,UlUL6a~U1 32 can be a IlliLlocu,,l,~ by which the electrosurgical generator 11 output to the conductors 14 and 15 for an electrosurgical effect iscontrolled. The ~iu~u~uu~_u~ 32 or ",iwocu"l,~ 32 accepts the SUMrms and DlFFrms values 27 and 29 from the analog to digital converters 30 and 31 and subsequently makes the power calculation. The results from the power calculationmay preferably be used in a closed loop 33 control of the hi~qh voltage DC powersupply 34 or alternatively the output stage 35 of the electrosurgical generator 11.
Thellli~.lo~ulo~tsa~ul 32r~rioJi~.~"yreceivestherootmeansquaresummation and root mean square differential values 27 and 29, respectively, and squares those root mean square summation and differential values for ~ to a formula so the squared root mean square summation values can then have subtracted therefromthe squared root mean square differential values. The resulting difference therefrom is divided by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12. The actual power applied to the load 12 is of ~;yl,iri~.~",c~ as it can 30 be used to control the output of the electrosurgical ~qenerator 11 in accord with the i" .Ic" ,Lc" ,~ous needs of the surgeon. Of course, the surgeon as is common practice manually sets the required generator pL.cllllt~L~ such as blend, cut, coag, power WO9!i/18383 21 77 ~ 7~ . r~ 41 .
level, monopolar, bipolar, etc. Thus an effective surgical instrument is provided that responds to the load 12 imposed during a procedure.
The root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value and the root mean square to dircct current converter 28 for the differential value are 5 useful as individual inputs 27 and 29 throu~h analog to di~ital converters 30 and 31, to a ,,,iu,u..u,.L,,'' 32 with band limited signal processing 1, ' " It is important to note the advantage of the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 resides in the fact that the length and reactance of the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively are i"Oi~l,iri~.-",l to the ~ut~,.lll;lla~iull of the root mean 10 square value of the actual power applied to the load 12. Wherefore, the use of differentcordsetswiththiscircuithasnoilleffectsonthe~sa,ru,,,,a,,cooroperation of the electrosurgical generator 11.
A feedback circuit 33 connects to the electrosurgical generator 11 for modifying the output thereof. The first and second adders 19 and 23, respectively, 15 determine the i" ,l.-, ~IOI ,~ous sum and difference of the voltage and the current in the active and return conductors, 14 and 15, I~ Ja~.~i./uly. Root mean square to direct current converters 26 and 28 provide the root mean square values 27 and 29 of the ~w"""atiu" signal and differential signal 22 and 25, respectively, to the ~ ~iu~ uu~ u..essul 32. The ~ u,u~ uc~ ~ ~u~ 32 can p~ diu.lll y receive and square the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values for calculation in the formula. Those squared values are subtracted, i.e. the differential from the summation, and the result therefrom is divided by four to provide an indication of i,,:,La,,Lu,,eousload 12foruseinthefeedbackcircuit33tocontroltheoutputofthe electrosurgical generator 11 in real time.
The inductive pick up 17 for current flowing through at least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively, of the output from the eiectrosurgical generator 11 is located along either the active conductor 14 or the return conductor 15 but is shown along active conductor 14 in Figure 1. The inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current flowing through the one active or return conductor 14 or 15 of the electrosurgical generator 1 1 output is located along either the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively, but is shown in Figure 1 along active conductor 14. The electrosurgical generator 11 could have an internal diagnostic circuit which relates load i",pedd,~ce 12 and output response during operation to a look up table .
Wo95/18383 21 77l 73 ~,~ ,~ 11 .
or an algorithm ~Jluulal-----èd in the Ill;ulu,ulOCG~Sul 32 for obtaining a correction to autu.,,utiu~:!y calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency powermonitorin~ circuit 1û.
A :r Op_.a~ill9 d~,_;_uutiull regulator is connected to the electrosurgica!
5 generator 11 output to in response to ;.."~e,ia"ue shut off output when the load i,,,peda,,..e12isatalevelpresetinthel,,iu,u~,,uu~,.u,32. Aninductivepickup16 for voltage between the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively, isconnected to a root mean square to direct current converter 26 to provide a measure of the root mean square of the voltage. The IlliUlUUlucessul 12 is ~J-uula------ed to 10 find the phase angle between voltage and current. An inductive pick up 16 forvoltage between the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively is connected to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage to provide a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the --i-.-u~,-ocez..-u-32 is ~ luul_..lllled to find the length of a controlled c~,,..._ilall-,ê cable.Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the preferred high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 shown as blocks to represent the Culll~ullel~LI thereof for use with the electrosurgical generator 11 applied to achieve an electrosurgical effect.
There are four signal buffer/amplifiers d_~ .ted 36, 37, 38, and 39 in Figure 1.These signal buffer/amplifiers 36, 37, 38 and 39 are readily available "off the shelf"
from many semiconductor manufacturers. For example, a preferred siQnal buffer/amplifier is the MC34û84 from Motorola Semiconductor, Inc. of Phoenix, Arizona. The purpose of these signal buffer/amplifiers 36, 37, 38 and 39 in the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 is to provide a low illl~,eda"ue output cu,,.,.,,,u,,.li.,~ to the transducer outputs. These low ;II~Jedal~.é outputs prevent the signals in the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 from interacting with one another.
The inductive pick up in-phase current sensor 17 is typically a ~,~,":,ru""e, for sensing the in-phase current from the electrosurgical generator 11 active output 14 or electrosurgical generator 11 return 15. A summing node 22 is a point in the high - 30 frequency monitoring circuit 10 that has a ground-referenced voltage that is p,ouu, Liu"al to the ill~LallLalleOus sum of the current and voltage signals. The root mean square to direct current converter 26 is preferably a monolithic semiconductor device which is available "off the shelf" from many manufacturers. An example of W095/18383 2 1 ~ 7 1 73 r~
o such a Cu~pO~ is the AD637 from Analog Dsvices, Inc. of Norwood, MA. The purpose of the root mean square to direct current converter 26 is to change a time-varying alternating current input signal to its equivalent direct current output.
The inductive pick up voltage transducer 16 is a llllarullll~l used in the high5 frequency monitoring circuit 10 to measure the electrosurgical generator 1 1 output voltage. The inductive pick up out-of-phase current sensor 18 is preferably a ru~ that provides a voltage ,ulupu,liu,lul to the output current of the electrosurgical generator 11. This output current is inverse, i.e. 180 degrees out of phase with the inductive pick up in-phasa current sensor llall~rullll~ 17. In other 10 words, this wave form is the inverse or negative of that which is provided by the inductive pick up in-phase current sensor llallarulll-al 17. A dirr~u.~ui~u node 25 in the high frequency monitoring circuit 10 is a point that provides a ground-referenced voltage which is ,~U~UUlliUlldl to the illalalllall~OUS difference of the current and voltage signals.
The root mean square to direct current converter 28 is in the preferred L.llLo.li-,.~"L a monolithic semiconductor device which is available "off the shelf"
from many manufacturers. An example of such a cv...uu.,~,,,l is the AD637 from Analog Devices, Inc. The purpose of the root mean square to direct current converter 28 is to change a time-varying alternating current input to the equivalent 20 direct current output. The analog to digital converter 31 converts the analog input voltage into a digital word. it can be a discrete converter or integrated into the ,. ,;~., u,u, u"~ v, 32 at the choice of the designer and consistent with the needs of the specific ,,' ,.
A method for monitoring high frequency power from the electrosurgical 25 generator 11 applied to a load 12 to achieve an electrosurgical effect with the step of cu, " ,~.,li"~ an electrosur~ical generator 1 1 output to active and raturn conductors 14 and 15, respectively. The further step of cu, ,, ,~.li, ,9 the inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the conductors 14 and 15, respectively of the electrosurgical generator 11 is included. Another step connects the inductive pick up 17 for current 30 flowing through at least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11. The method has an added step of cu""e~ i"g the inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current flowing through the one active or return conductor 14 or 15 of the electrosurgical generator 11 output.
WO9S/18383 21 77 ~ ~ r~
.
A step includes computing with the first adder circuit 19 the i" .La"L~"aous inductively picked up voltage 20 with the illC,Ia"lal,aously inductively picked up current 21 to provide a sum at summinq node 22 indicative illala,,la,l~usly thereof follows. The additional step of computing with a second adder circuit 23 the inductively picked up voltsge 20 and the inverse of the ill~la"la,~USly derived 24 current provides a differentisl value at ~-'re~ uillu node 25 thereof. Converting a root meAn square to direct current for the summation value at node 22 provides asignal of the i"~ llLalleous value of the summation as the root mean square ~ Illlatiull value 27. Then the step of converting a root mean square to direct current for the differential value at node 25 provides a si~qnal of the ill~LallLollO~Us value of the differential as the root mean square differential value 29. Thereafter, the step of receiving in a Illiwu,ulucss_ul 32 ~c.ri~ ' ~y the root mean square summation 27 and root mean square differential 29 values is employed. The methodthen includes the step of squaring those root mean square summation and differential values for ~ to the formula wherein the squared root mean square summation va~ues have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values. rinally, the step of dividing the result therefrom by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 isfollowed.
The step of the methods applies the root mean square to direct current converter for the summation 27 and differential 29 values to a ,,,iL,or~u,,~l " 32 with band limited signal processing . ' ' - The step of d~:L~IIIlillillU the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 illd~ IldallLly of the len~th and il"~ al~ce of the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively is followed. Then the steps of cu,~ Lillù feedback circuit 33 to the electrûsurgical generator 11 for modifying the output thereof and dt5L~.lllillillU with the first and second adders 19 and 23 the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 in real time so the ",iwup~o~ ,u, 32 can ~iodic.,l~y receive the root mean square summation 27 and root mean square differential 29 values and square those values for calculation wherein the result of subtracting the squared differential from the squared summation can be divided by four provides an indication of load12 for use in the feedback circuit 33 to control the output of the electrosurgical generator 1 1.
.
Wo95118383 2~ 7~ 73 1 1/~ ,. , o The method has the step of locating the in~ctive pick up for current 17 flowing through at least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively along the active conductor 14 or the return conductor 15. The step of locating the inductive pick up for the inverse of current 18 flowing through at least one of the 5 active or return conductors 14 or 15, ..,~.,,r,~.li.~ul~ along the active conductor 14 or the return conductor 15 is practiced. The step of providing in the electrosurgical generator 11 an internal diagnostic circuit which relates load impedance 12 and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm l,,uyl~.., ,ad in the ~ U~UUo__UI 32 for obtaining a correction to ~.I~.. ~i.~.l~y calibrate the 10 response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 is performed.
The step of cu.,,,~.~.li,,y a self-operating des;~c.,liu,, regulator to the electrosurgical generstor 11 output to in response to i..,u~.l.,.,..e shut off output when the i,,,u_dc~ , is at a level preset in the Illi~.lUulU~`6_;.U~ 32 follows. The steps 15 of cu""..~,~i.,y an inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the active and return conductors 14 and 15, ..,~ ly to the root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean squareofthevoltageandthe,,,i..,uu,u~ .so(32is,u.uu, 'forfindingthephase angle between voltage and current perhaps come thereafter. The steps of cu"~U~i"y the inductive pick up 16 for voltaye between the active and return theconductors 14 and 15, respectively to a root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the " ,i", uu, ~ u~ is u~ uyl , ,ad for finding the length of a controlled c.,~ iLu,,-,r, cable may be a part of the method.
To determine the actual power delivered to the load 12, the IlliC~oulùCd.,su 32 performs the following calculation:
svm""5(t,~)2 - d~""s(t,~)2 = i~t~ t~) sCOS(~) ' in which the RMS value of the sum is defined by the RMS value of the i, ,:.~u, ,~ ous sum of the voltage and current wave forms:
and the RMS value of the difference is defined by the RMS value of the 30 i"riL~",Lù"aous difference between the voltage and current wave forms:
C~ ,ly loaded circuits, i.e. an electrosurgical generator with long leads, or l.",_.u~cuu;,, electrosurgical instruments that u~&_;Li~uly couple with the trocar or other instruments, e.g. ~"~u~copes, video etc., are difficult to accurately regulate and auLu,,,aLic~ !y control since the i",peda"ce signals are subject to the effects of capacitive and inductive sensitive Cu",,uu"e,lL~. In particular, multipliers and/or phase detectors introduce spurious signal _JIIUIIII "" which are difficult to design out and Culll,ut l~aLtl for. Because of the cau_~itc~llu6 of long leads for high frequency power Llal,~",;~s;u", the assumption thatthe root meansquare of voltage andcurrentcanbemultipliedforaccuratepowerd~LcllllillaLiullisfalse~ Thecurrent divider effect introduced by the leads, particularly, those which are long, results in the current at the electrosurgical generator output being unequal to the current 35 through the load, i.e. the patient's tiSSUe. Moreover, the variation of the tissuo il-"~a"ue of the patient is not ~uluAi~ L~d by the output current and to measurethe voltage and current delivered at the electrodes is ill,,ul~,;LiLal. The multiplied root mean square values of voltage and current to obtain power are inaccurate, subject Wo95/18383 2 t 7~7i ~ 1~ ~I/.L ,. 11 o -to circuit bu""uun""I values and tend to drift over time and are unstable at the high frequencies typically used in electrûsurgery. Specifically, the phase an~qle between the voltaûe wave form and current wave form must be taken into account.
T. " , "y, the root mean square values of voltage and current are multiplied 5 together and further multiplied by the cosine of the unknown phase angle. Since the phase angle is not readily available and not easily measured, no accurate way ofapplying the cosine of the phase angle to a control the operation of an electrosurgical generator is possible. A means to account for the phase angle and any changes thereof is not 1 . . bbi~ d or understood. A way to circumvent the 10 problem with a circuit that is insensitive to Culll,uullblll ce~ "ce is required.
U.S. Patent 4,922,210 has a control for the driver circuit of a high frequency electrosurgical generator that is responsive to a resultant signal which is obtained by adding a voltage signal and an inverse current signal from the output of the electrosurgical generator. U.S. Patent 4,922,210 has a positive feedback high 15 frequency oscillator with a cb~,.",k,..,~.,la~y power amplifier that derives part of input from parallel resonant circuit voltage and the remainder from series resonant circuit current. The oscillator included a voltage feedback means, current inverse feedback means, algebraic addition means and pulse converting means. No apparent IbCoulliliUIl of the problems of inaccuracies introduced by capacitive sensitive20cu,,,~,u,,~,,ls are noted and the measurements applied to determine the power actually delivered to the load are not correct.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A high frequency power monitoring circuit for an electrosurgical generator applied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effect may have a source of high25frequency electrosurgical enerûy including an electrosurgical ~enerator and its active and return conductors connected to the output thereof. An inductive pick up for voltage is preferably connected betw~en the conductors of the electrosurgical generator. An inductive pick up for current flowing through at least one of the t conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator and an inductive pick up 30for the inverse of current flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator output are preferred.
A first adder circuit for computing the illalul,lal~ebus inductively picked up voltage with the illal~lllcllle~ùuSly inductively picked up current may provide a sum WO 9S/18383 2 1 7 7 l ~ /LL, ~ 11 indicative i.,~La"La"aously thereof. A second adde~ circuit for computing the inductively picked up volta~qe and the inverse of the i"aLa"La"aously derived current may provide a differential value thereof. A root mean square to direct current converter for the summation value most preferably provides a signal of the 5 ill:~LallLallavUs value of the summation as a root mean square summation value. A
root mean square to direct current converter for the differential value may provide a signal of the ill~Lal,La"aous value of the differential as a root mean square differential value.
A ,,,iu,u~,,u~.6~v, ~ali ' ''y receives the root mean square summation and 10 root mean square differential values and squares those root mean square summation and differential values for,, " ~ to a formula so preferably the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values so the result therefrom may be divided by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load.
The root mean square to direct current converter for the summation value and the root mean square to direct current converter for the v;'ra,a,,Lial value arepreferably each inputs to a ,,,;~,,ùcv,,L,~'' with band limited signal processin~
~ 1, ' " The length and illlpo;la~ e of the active and return conductors are ill ,;~lliri~,a"L to the vaL~..III;,laLiull of the root mean square value of the actual power 20 applied to the load.
A feedback circuit is preferably connected to the electrosurgical generator for modifying the output thereof. The first and second adders may determine the rootmean square value of the actual power applied to the load in real time so the Illivluulul,aaavl may ~alivvi~ receive the squared root mean square summation 25 and subtract the squared root mean square differential values so the result therefrom may be divided by four to provide sn indication of load for use in the feedback circuit to control the output of the electrosurgical ~qenerator.
The inductive pick up for current flowinq throu~qh at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator is preferably located 30 along the active conductor or the return conductor. The inductive pick up for the inverse of current flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator output is preferably located along the active or return conductors. The electrosurgical generator may have an internal diagnostic circuit which relates WO 95~18383 ~ ~ ~ 7 1 7 3 ~11~, . 11 o impedance load and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm l.-uy, ...ed in the ~iu~ù~Uce~o( for obtaining a correction to .."~ ';...,I!y calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit.
A self-operating ' ~ 5 _ I regulator may be connected to the electrosurgical generator output to in response to i"",~d...~u" shut off output when the impedance is at a level preset in the ,..iu.uu-ùcv~u-. An inductive pick up for voltage between the active and the return conductots is connected to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage to preferably provide a measure of the root mean 10 square of the voltage and the 1lI;UIU,UIU~.6~50~ may be i~uy~u..""~d to find the phase an~qle between voltage and current. An inductive pick up for voltage between theactive and return the conductors is preferably connected to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage to provide a measure of the root mean square of the volhge and the ~iu~u~uu~u~ may be uloulal".,l~d to find the length of a 15 controlled cd"~ c."..e cûble A method for monitoring hiqh frequency power from an electrosurgical generator applied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effect with the step of cu, " ,. _Li, y an electrosurgical generator output to active and return conductors. The futther step of Culllla~.lillU an inductive pick up for voltage between the conductors 20 of the electrosurgical generator may be included. Another step of cUIlllel~ û an inductive pick up for current flowing through at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator is preferred. The method may have an added step of uu"~_li--y an inductive pick up for the inverse of current flowingthrough the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator output. It is preferred 25 that a step of computing with a first adder circuit the illaL~Illklll_~s inductively picked up voltago with the illaLa.lLal.~ously inductively picked up current to provide a sum indicative illaLul Ita,lùously thereof follows. The additional step of computing with a second adder circuit the inductively picked up voltage and the inverse of the Lul ILal ,eously derived current providing a differential value thereof may be 30 included. Converting a root mean square to direct current for the summation value to provide a signal of the illaLal-la--eous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value is preferred as another step. Then the step of convertinga root mean square to direct current for the differential value to provide a signal of WO 95118383 r.
217717~
the i":,lO"L~"aous vOlue of the differential as a root mean square differentiOI vOlue is preferably performed. Thereafter, the step of receiving in a ",i~.,uu,u~
~. iuli~...lly the root mean square summation Ond root mean square differential values may ba employed. The method then may include the step of squOring those root 5 mean square c,, , and differential values for 1, : , to a formula wherein the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values. Finally, the step of dividing the result therefrom by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power appliad to the load is followed.
The step of applying the root mean square to direct current converter for the summation and differential values to a ,,,i~.,u~.u,,l,, with band limited signalprocessing ~ - is preferred. The step of d~L~"";"i"g the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load ill~u~ll~e,lllly of the length andi"")edO"~.e of the active and return conductors is also preferred. Then the steps of 15 CulllldL.Ii"u a feedback circuit to the electrosurgical generatûr for modifyin~ the output thereof and du~..lll;,lillg with the first and second adders the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load in real time so the " ,;~., ù,c" u~ ,, can pe,l '~ recaive and square the root mean square summationand subtract the squared root means square differential values and thereafter 20 calculate in the formula so the result therefrom can be divided by four to provide an indication of load for use in the feedback circuit to control the output of the electrosurgical ~enerator may be followed.
The method may have the step of locating the inductive pick up for current flowing through at least one of the conductors along tha active conductor or 25 the return conductor. The step of locating the inductive pick up for the inverse of current flowing through at least one of the conductors along the active conductor or the return conductor is preferably performed. The step of providing in the electrosurgical ~enerator an internal diagnostic circuit which relates i" "~eda"ut~ load and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm u,u~ ..""ad 30 in the ,,,i..,uu,u~.essu~ for obtaining a correction to auLu, ,oliu~ly calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit is performed.
The step of cu~ e~ u a self-operating llt~ .Lcl~iul l regulator to the electrosurgical generator output to in response to i""e6~O"ue shut off output when the impedance W09S/18383 2177~3 i$ at a level preset in the ",;..-uu,uc~ may follow. The steps of cu,~ ,,li--g an inductive pick up for voltage between the active and return the conductors to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the .i.,~U,u~C~s_J. is 5 ,u.uu.u,,,,,.~d for finding the phase angle between voltage and current may perhaps come thereafter. The steps of cu... ,r,_Li- 9 an inductive pick up for voltage between the active and return the conductors to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the ~ U,UlUL.6_..UI is ,~Iu~ Jd for finding the length of a 10 controlled c~u~ ilc,,,~.~ cable may be a part of the preferred method.
~ F [~t~C., Il_. OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram with blocks to represent the cu,,,pu,,~,,LY of a high frequency power monitoring circuit for an electrosurgical generator shownapplied to a load to achieve an electrosurgical effect.
~ET~" Fn DESCRUTION OF THF lI Vr 11~. .
A high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical gonerator 11 applied to a load 12 to achieve an electrosurgical effect has a source of high frequency electrosurgical energy 13 as part of the electrosurgical generator 11 to supply its active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively, connected to receive 25 the output therefrom. An inductive pick up 16 for voltage is connected between the active and return conductors 14 and 15"~ ,ly, of the electrosurgical generator 1 1. The high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 can be internal to the electrosurgical generator 11, i.e., within the circuitry thereof or alternatively externally attached thereof. An inductive pick up 17 for current flowing through at 30 least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, ~ ,Li~ly, of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11. It is preferred to use the active conductor 14 for each pick up. An inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current flowing through the one active or return conductor 14 or 15 of the electrosurgical generator 11 ~V095/18383 21 77 t 73 r~
.
output provide input to the high frequency monitoring circuit 10. It is preferred to use the active conductor 14 for that pick up.
A first adder circuit 19 for computing the i, I:~lal It~ 0US inductively picked up voltage20withthei,l,l~,lllallaouslyinductivelypickedupcurrent21 providesasum indicative il,~Lcllllcl,l~ously thereof 22. A second adder circuit 23 for computing the inductively picked up voltage 20 and the inverse of the ill:~lallL~IlldOusly derived current 24 provides a differential value 25 indicative il ,:,~." ,LCI"eously thereof. A root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value 22 provides asignal 27 of the i".l~"l~",eous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value. A root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the differential value 25 provides a signal 29 of the differential value as a root mean square value.
Analoy to digital converters 30 and 31 are in the hiyh froquency monitoring circuit 10 to convert analog input voltages 27 and 29 into digital words as the outputs therefrom. It can be a discrete converter or integrated into a ,,,i~ ,u~,- oc~su, 32. The Illil,lU,UlUL6a~U1 32 can be a IlliLlocu,,l,~ by which the electrosurgical generator 11 output to the conductors 14 and 15 for an electrosurgical effect iscontrolled. The ~iu~u~uu~_u~ 32 or ",iwocu"l,~ 32 accepts the SUMrms and DlFFrms values 27 and 29 from the analog to digital converters 30 and 31 and subsequently makes the power calculation. The results from the power calculationmay preferably be used in a closed loop 33 control of the hi~qh voltage DC powersupply 34 or alternatively the output stage 35 of the electrosurgical generator 11.
Thellli~.lo~ulo~tsa~ul 32r~rioJi~.~"yreceivestherootmeansquaresummation and root mean square differential values 27 and 29, respectively, and squares those root mean square summation and differential values for ~ to a formula so the squared root mean square summation values can then have subtracted therefromthe squared root mean square differential values. The resulting difference therefrom is divided by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12. The actual power applied to the load 12 is of ~;yl,iri~.~",c~ as it can 30 be used to control the output of the electrosurgical ~qenerator 11 in accord with the i" .Ic" ,Lc" ,~ous needs of the surgeon. Of course, the surgeon as is common practice manually sets the required generator pL.cllllt~L~ such as blend, cut, coag, power WO9!i/18383 21 77 ~ 7~ . r~ 41 .
level, monopolar, bipolar, etc. Thus an effective surgical instrument is provided that responds to the load 12 imposed during a procedure.
The root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value and the root mean square to dircct current converter 28 for the differential value are 5 useful as individual inputs 27 and 29 throu~h analog to di~ital converters 30 and 31, to a ,,,iu,u..u,.L,,'' 32 with band limited signal processing 1, ' " It is important to note the advantage of the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 resides in the fact that the length and reactance of the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively are i"Oi~l,iri~.-",l to the ~ut~,.lll;lla~iull of the root mean 10 square value of the actual power applied to the load 12. Wherefore, the use of differentcordsetswiththiscircuithasnoilleffectsonthe~sa,ru,,,,a,,cooroperation of the electrosurgical generator 11.
A feedback circuit 33 connects to the electrosurgical generator 11 for modifying the output thereof. The first and second adders 19 and 23, respectively, 15 determine the i" ,l.-, ~IOI ,~ous sum and difference of the voltage and the current in the active and return conductors, 14 and 15, I~ Ja~.~i./uly. Root mean square to direct current converters 26 and 28 provide the root mean square values 27 and 29 of the ~w"""atiu" signal and differential signal 22 and 25, respectively, to the ~ ~iu~ uu~ u..essul 32. The ~ u,u~ uc~ ~ ~u~ 32 can p~ diu.lll y receive and square the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values for calculation in the formula. Those squared values are subtracted, i.e. the differential from the summation, and the result therefrom is divided by four to provide an indication of i,,:,La,,Lu,,eousload 12foruseinthefeedbackcircuit33tocontroltheoutputofthe electrosurgical generator 11 in real time.
The inductive pick up 17 for current flowing through at least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively, of the output from the eiectrosurgical generator 11 is located along either the active conductor 14 or the return conductor 15 but is shown along active conductor 14 in Figure 1. The inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current flowing through the one active or return conductor 14 or 15 of the electrosurgical generator 1 1 output is located along either the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively, but is shown in Figure 1 along active conductor 14. The electrosurgical generator 11 could have an internal diagnostic circuit which relates load i",pedd,~ce 12 and output response during operation to a look up table .
Wo95/18383 21 77l 73 ~,~ ,~ 11 .
or an algorithm ~Jluulal-----èd in the Ill;ulu,ulOCG~Sul 32 for obtaining a correction to autu.,,utiu~:!y calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency powermonitorin~ circuit 1û.
A :r Op_.a~ill9 d~,_;_uutiull regulator is connected to the electrosurgica!
5 generator 11 output to in response to ;.."~e,ia"ue shut off output when the load i,,,peda,,..e12isatalevelpresetinthel,,iu,u~,,uu~,.u,32. Aninductivepickup16 for voltage between the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively, isconnected to a root mean square to direct current converter 26 to provide a measure of the root mean square of the voltage. The IlliUlUUlucessul 12 is ~J-uula------ed to 10 find the phase angle between voltage and current. An inductive pick up 16 forvoltage between the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively is connected to a root mean square to direct current converter for the voltage to provide a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the --i-.-u~,-ocez..-u-32 is ~ luul_..lllled to find the length of a controlled c~,,..._ilall-,ê cable.Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the preferred high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 shown as blocks to represent the Culll~ullel~LI thereof for use with the electrosurgical generator 11 applied to achieve an electrosurgical effect.
There are four signal buffer/amplifiers d_~ .ted 36, 37, 38, and 39 in Figure 1.These signal buffer/amplifiers 36, 37, 38 and 39 are readily available "off the shelf"
from many semiconductor manufacturers. For example, a preferred siQnal buffer/amplifier is the MC34û84 from Motorola Semiconductor, Inc. of Phoenix, Arizona. The purpose of these signal buffer/amplifiers 36, 37, 38 and 39 in the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 is to provide a low illl~,eda"ue output cu,,.,.,,,u,,.li.,~ to the transducer outputs. These low ;II~Jedal~.é outputs prevent the signals in the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 from interacting with one another.
The inductive pick up in-phase current sensor 17 is typically a ~,~,":,ru""e, for sensing the in-phase current from the electrosurgical generator 11 active output 14 or electrosurgical generator 11 return 15. A summing node 22 is a point in the high - 30 frequency monitoring circuit 10 that has a ground-referenced voltage that is p,ouu, Liu"al to the ill~LallLalleOus sum of the current and voltage signals. The root mean square to direct current converter 26 is preferably a monolithic semiconductor device which is available "off the shelf" from many manufacturers. An example of W095/18383 2 1 ~ 7 1 73 r~
o such a Cu~pO~ is the AD637 from Analog Dsvices, Inc. of Norwood, MA. The purpose of the root mean square to direct current converter 26 is to change a time-varying alternating current input signal to its equivalent direct current output.
The inductive pick up voltage transducer 16 is a llllarullll~l used in the high5 frequency monitoring circuit 10 to measure the electrosurgical generator 1 1 output voltage. The inductive pick up out-of-phase current sensor 18 is preferably a ru~ that provides a voltage ,ulupu,liu,lul to the output current of the electrosurgical generator 11. This output current is inverse, i.e. 180 degrees out of phase with the inductive pick up in-phasa current sensor llall~rullll~ 17. In other 10 words, this wave form is the inverse or negative of that which is provided by the inductive pick up in-phase current sensor llallarulll-al 17. A dirr~u.~ui~u node 25 in the high frequency monitoring circuit 10 is a point that provides a ground-referenced voltage which is ,~U~UUlliUlldl to the illalalllall~OUS difference of the current and voltage signals.
The root mean square to direct current converter 28 is in the preferred L.llLo.li-,.~"L a monolithic semiconductor device which is available "off the shelf"
from many manufacturers. An example of such a cv...uu.,~,,,l is the AD637 from Analog Devices, Inc. The purpose of the root mean square to direct current converter 28 is to change a time-varying alternating current input to the equivalent 20 direct current output. The analog to digital converter 31 converts the analog input voltage into a digital word. it can be a discrete converter or integrated into the ,. ,;~., u,u, u"~ v, 32 at the choice of the designer and consistent with the needs of the specific ,,' ,.
A method for monitoring high frequency power from the electrosurgical 25 generator 11 applied to a load 12 to achieve an electrosurgical effect with the step of cu, " ,~.,li"~ an electrosur~ical generator 1 1 output to active and raturn conductors 14 and 15, respectively. The further step of cu, ,, ,~.li, ,9 the inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the conductors 14 and 15, respectively of the electrosurgical generator 11 is included. Another step connects the inductive pick up 17 for current 30 flowing through at least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11. The method has an added step of cu""e~ i"g the inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current flowing through the one active or return conductor 14 or 15 of the electrosurgical generator 11 output.
WO9S/18383 21 77 ~ ~ r~
.
A step includes computing with the first adder circuit 19 the i" .La"L~"aous inductively picked up voltage 20 with the illC,Ia"lal,aously inductively picked up current 21 to provide a sum at summinq node 22 indicative illala,,la,l~usly thereof follows. The additional step of computing with a second adder circuit 23 the inductively picked up voltsge 20 and the inverse of the ill~la"la,~USly derived 24 current provides a differentisl value at ~-'re~ uillu node 25 thereof. Converting a root meAn square to direct current for the summation value at node 22 provides asignal of the i"~ llLalleous value of the summation as the root mean square ~ Illlatiull value 27. Then the step of converting a root mean square to direct current for the differential value at node 25 provides a si~qnal of the ill~LallLollO~Us value of the differential as the root mean square differential value 29. Thereafter, the step of receiving in a Illiwu,ulucss_ul 32 ~c.ri~ ' ~y the root mean square summation 27 and root mean square differential 29 values is employed. The methodthen includes the step of squaring those root mean square summation and differential values for ~ to the formula wherein the squared root mean square summation va~ues have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values. rinally, the step of dividing the result therefrom by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 isfollowed.
The step of the methods applies the root mean square to direct current converter for the summation 27 and differential 29 values to a ,,,iL,or~u,,~l " 32 with band limited signal processing . ' ' - The step of d~:L~IIIlillillU the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 illd~ IldallLly of the len~th and il"~ al~ce of the active and return conductors 14 and 15, respectively is followed. Then the steps of cu,~ Lillù feedback circuit 33 to the electrûsurgical generator 11 for modifying the output thereof and dt5L~.lllillillU with the first and second adders 19 and 23 the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 in real time so the ",iwup~o~ ,u, 32 can ~iodic.,l~y receive the root mean square summation 27 and root mean square differential 29 values and square those values for calculation wherein the result of subtracting the squared differential from the squared summation can be divided by four provides an indication of load12 for use in the feedback circuit 33 to control the output of the electrosurgical generator 1 1.
.
Wo95118383 2~ 7~ 73 1 1/~ ,. , o The method has the step of locating the in~ctive pick up for current 17 flowing through at least one of the active or return conductors 14 or 15, respectively along the active conductor 14 or the return conductor 15. The step of locating the inductive pick up for the inverse of current 18 flowing through at least one of the 5 active or return conductors 14 or 15, ..,~.,,r,~.li.~ul~ along the active conductor 14 or the return conductor 15 is practiced. The step of providing in the electrosurgical generator 11 an internal diagnostic circuit which relates load impedance 12 and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm l,,uyl~.., ,ad in the ~ U~UUo__UI 32 for obtaining a correction to ~.I~.. ~i.~.l~y calibrate the 10 response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 is performed.
The step of cu.,,,~.~.li,,y a self-operating des;~c.,liu,, regulator to the electrosurgical generstor 11 output to in response to i..,u~.l.,.,..e shut off output when the i,,,u_dc~ , is at a level preset in the Illi~.lUulU~`6_;.U~ 32 follows. The steps 15 of cu""..~,~i.,y an inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the active and return conductors 14 and 15, ..,~ ly to the root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean squareofthevoltageandthe,,,i..,uu,u~ .so(32is,u.uu, 'forfindingthephase angle between voltage and current perhaps come thereafter. The steps of cu"~U~i"y the inductive pick up 16 for voltaye between the active and return theconductors 14 and 15, respectively to a root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the voltage and thereby providing a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the " ,i", uu, ~ u~ is u~ uyl , ,ad for finding the length of a controlled c.,~ iLu,,-,r, cable may be a part of the method.
To determine the actual power delivered to the load 12, the IlliC~oulùCd.,su 32 performs the following calculation:
svm""5(t,~)2 - d~""s(t,~)2 = i~t~ t~) sCOS(~) ' in which the RMS value of the sum is defined by the RMS value of the i, ,:.~u, ,~ ous sum of the voltage and current wave forms:
and the RMS value of the difference is defined by the RMS value of the 30 i"riL~",Lù"aous difference between the voltage and current wave forms:
3 2 1 77 ~ 73 PC./ ,. ..
.
sl~m""S(t,~) = {v(t,~)+irt,~)}"nS
diff""5(t,~) = {v(t,~)-f(t,~)},T"5 The volta~e signal is given by:
v(t,~) = k"sin(~
where kv is the voltage amplitude.
5 The current signal is given by:
f(t,~) = k~in(t + ~) Where kj is the amplitude of the current and ~ is the angle by which the current is out of phase with the vo~tage.
The definition of the RMS va~ue of f~x) over time period T is given by:
~ T J
.
sl~m""S(t,~) = {v(t,~)+irt,~)}"nS
diff""5(t,~) = {v(t,~)-f(t,~)},T"5 The volta~e signal is given by:
v(t,~) = k"sin(~
where kv is the voltage amplitude.
5 The current signal is given by:
f(t,~) = k~in(t + ~) Where kj is the amplitude of the current and ~ is the angle by which the current is out of phase with the vo~tage.
The definition of the RMS va~ue of f~x) over time period T is given by:
~ T J
Claims (11)
1. A high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical generator 11 applied to a load 12 to achieve an electrosurgical effect comprising:
a source of high frequency electrosurgical energy 13 including an electrosurgical generator 11 and its active and return conductors 14 and 15 connected to the output thereof;
an inductive pick up 16 for voltage connected between the conductors of the electrosurgical generator 11;
an inductive pick up 17 for current 24 flowing through at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11;
an inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current 24 flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator 11 output;
a first adder circuit 19 for computing the instantaneous inductively picked up voltage 20 with the instantaneously inductively picked up current 21 to provide a sum indicative instantaneously thereof 22;
a second adder circuit 23 for computing the inductively picked up voltage 20 and the inverse of the instantaneously derived current 24 providing adifferential value 25 thereof;
a root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value;
a root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the differential value 25 to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the differential as a root mean square differential value 25, and a microprocessor to periodically receive the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values 25 and square those instantaneous root mean square summation and differential values 25 for application to a formula wherein the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values 25 so the result therefrom can be divided by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 wherein the root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value and the root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the differential value 25 are each inputs to a microcontroller with band limited signal processing capabilities and wherein an inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the active and return the conductors is connected to a root meansquare to direct current 24 converter for the voltage to provide a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the microprocessor is programmed to find the phase angle between voltage and current 24 the length of a controlled capacitance cable.
a source of high frequency electrosurgical energy 13 including an electrosurgical generator 11 and its active and return conductors 14 and 15 connected to the output thereof;
an inductive pick up 16 for voltage connected between the conductors of the electrosurgical generator 11;
an inductive pick up 17 for current 24 flowing through at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11;
an inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current 24 flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator 11 output;
a first adder circuit 19 for computing the instantaneous inductively picked up voltage 20 with the instantaneously inductively picked up current 21 to provide a sum indicative instantaneously thereof 22;
a second adder circuit 23 for computing the inductively picked up voltage 20 and the inverse of the instantaneously derived current 24 providing adifferential value 25 thereof;
a root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value;
a root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the differential value 25 to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the differential as a root mean square differential value 25, and a microprocessor to periodically receive the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values 25 and square those instantaneous root mean square summation and differential values 25 for application to a formula wherein the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values 25 so the result therefrom can be divided by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 wherein the root mean square to direct current converter 26 for the summation value and the root mean square to direct current converter 28 for the differential value 25 are each inputs to a microcontroller with band limited signal processing capabilities and wherein an inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the active and return the conductors is connected to a root meansquare to direct current 24 converter for the voltage to provide a measure of the root mean square of the voltage and the microprocessor is programmed to find the phase angle between voltage and current 24 the length of a controlled capacitance cable.
2. The high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical generator 11 of Claim 1 wherein the length and impedance of the active and return conductors 14 and 15 are insignificant to the determination of the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12.
3. The high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical generator 11 of Claim 1 wherein a feedback circuit 33 connected to the electrosurgical generator 11 for modifying the output thereof and the first and second adders determining the root mean square value of the actual power appliedto the load 12 in real time so the microprocessor can periodically receive the root mean square summation and root means square differential values 25 and square those values for calculation in the formula so the result therefrom can be divided by four to provide an indication of load 12 for use in the feedback circuit 33 to control the output of the electrosurgical generator 11.
4. The high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical generator 11 of Claim 1 wherein the electrosurgical generator 11 has an internaldiagnostic circuit which relates impedance load 12 and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm programmed in the microprocessor for obtaining a correction to automatically calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10.
5. The high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 for an electrosurgical generator 11 of Claim 1 wherein a self-operating desiccation regulator is connected to the electrosurgical generator 11 output to in response to impedance shut off output when the impedance is at a level preset in the microprocessor.
6. A method for monitoring high frequency power from an electrosurgical generator 11 applied to a load 12 to achieve an electrosurgical effect with the following steps:
connecting an electrosurgical generator 11 output to active and return conductors 14 and 15;
connecting an inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the conductors of the electrosurgical generator 11;
connecting an inductive pick up 17 for current 24 flowing through at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11:connecting an inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current 24 flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator 11 output;
computing with a first adder circuit 19 the instantaneous inductively picked up voltage 20 with the instantaneously inductively picked up current 21 to provide a sum indicative instantaneously thereof 22;
computing with a second adder circuit 23 the inductively picked up voltage 20 and the inverse of the instantaneously derived current 24 providing adifferential value 25 thereof;
converting a root mean square to direct current 24 for the summation value to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value;
converting a root mean square to direct current 24 for the differential value 25 to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the differential as a root mean square differential value 25, and receiving in a microprocessor periodically the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values 25;
squaring those instantaneous root mean square summation and differential values 25 for application to a formula wherein the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values 25, and then dividing the result therefrom by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12.
connecting an electrosurgical generator 11 output to active and return conductors 14 and 15;
connecting an inductive pick up 16 for voltage between the conductors of the electrosurgical generator 11;
connecting an inductive pick up 17 for current 24 flowing through at least one of the conductors of the output from the electrosurgical generator 11:connecting an inductive pick up 18 for the inverse of current 24 flowing through the one conductor of the electrosurgical generator 11 output;
computing with a first adder circuit 19 the instantaneous inductively picked up voltage 20 with the instantaneously inductively picked up current 21 to provide a sum indicative instantaneously thereof 22;
computing with a second adder circuit 23 the inductively picked up voltage 20 and the inverse of the instantaneously derived current 24 providing adifferential value 25 thereof;
converting a root mean square to direct current 24 for the summation value to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the summation as a root mean square summation value;
converting a root mean square to direct current 24 for the differential value 25 to provide a signal 27 of the instantaneous value of the differential as a root mean square differential value 25, and receiving in a microprocessor periodically the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values 25;
squaring those instantaneous root mean square summation and differential values 25 for application to a formula wherein the squared root mean square summation values have subtracted therefrom the squared root mean square differential values 25, and then dividing the result therefrom by four to provide the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12.
7. The method of Claim 6 with the step of applying the root mean square to direct current converter 26 and 28 for the summation and differential values 25 to a microcontroller with band limited signal processing capabilities.
8. The method of Claim 6 with the step of determining the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 independently of the length and impedance of the active and return conductors 14 and 15.
9. The method of Claim 6 with the steps of connecting a feedback circuit 33 to the electrosurgical generator 11 for modifying the output thereof and determining with the first and second adders the root mean square value of the actual power applied to the load 12 in real time so the microprocessor can periodically receive the root mean square summation and root mean square differential values 25 and square those values for subtracting the squared differential values 25 from the squared summation values so the result therefrom can be divided by four to provide an indication of load 12 for use in the feedback circuit 33 to control the output of the electrosurgical generator 11.
10. The method of Claim 6 with the step of providing in the electrosurgical generator 11 an internal diagnostic circuit which relates impedance load 12 and output response during operation to a look up table or an algorithm programmed in the microprocessor for obtaining a correction to automatically calibrate the response and operation of the high frequency power monitoring circuit 10 and with the step of connecting a self-operating desiccation regulator to the electrosurgical generator
11 output to in response to impedance shut off output when the impedance is at alevel preset in the microprocessor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/174,593 | 1993-12-27 | ||
US08/174,593 US5422567A (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1993-12-27 | High frequency power measurement |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CA2177173A1 true CA2177173A1 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
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ID=22636738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CA002177173A Abandoned CA2177173A1 (en) | 1993-12-27 | 1994-11-03 | High frequency power measurement |
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US (1) | US5422567A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0737316A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH09500732A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2177173A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE9490479U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995018383A1 (en) |
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-
1993
- 1993-12-27 US US08/174,593 patent/US5422567A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-11-03 DE DE9490479U patent/DE9490479U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-03 EP EP94929618A patent/EP0737316A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-11-03 WO PCT/IB1994/000341 patent/WO1995018383A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-03 JP JP7517867A patent/JPH09500732A/en active Pending
- 1994-11-03 CA CA002177173A patent/CA2177173A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US5422567A (en) | 1995-06-06 |
WO1995018383A1 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
JPH09500732A (en) | 1997-01-21 |
EP0737316A1 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
DE9490479U1 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
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EEER | Examination request | ||
FZDE | Discontinued |