CA2186028A1 - Elastically stabilized endosseous dental implant - Google Patents
Elastically stabilized endosseous dental implantInfo
- Publication number
- CA2186028A1 CA2186028A1 CA002186028A CA2186028A CA2186028A1 CA 2186028 A1 CA2186028 A1 CA 2186028A1 CA 002186028 A CA002186028 A CA 002186028A CA 2186028 A CA2186028 A CA 2186028A CA 2186028 A1 CA2186028 A1 CA 2186028A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- elastic member
- body portion
- dental prosthesis
- tissue
- polymer matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012867 bioactive agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010883 osseointegration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUEYSSLYFJVUIS-MRFSYGAJSA-N (2s,3r,11bs)-2-[[(1r)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl]methyl]-3-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxy-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-1h-benzo[a]quinolizine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C2[C@H]1C[C@H]1C[C@H]2C3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C3CCN2C[C@@H]1CC HUEYSSLYFJVUIS-MRFSYGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Polymers OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100345589 Mus musculus Mical1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YFONKFDEZLYQDH-OPQQBVKSSA-N N-[(1R,2S)-2,6-dimethyindan-1-yl]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](F)C1=NC(N)=NC(N[C@H]2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C[C@@H]2C)=N1 YFONKFDEZLYQDH-OPQQBVKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004373 mandible Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002050 maxilla Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008467 tissue growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0033—Expandable implants; Implants with extendable elements
Abstract
A dental prosthesis comprising an anchoring base for insertion into prepared osseous tissue is provided. The anchoring base (10) rally has a body portion (12) having a top (14), a bottom (16), and an outside surface (18), a means (20) for attaching the top (14) of said anchoring base (10) to a crown portion, a means on the outside surface of said anchoring base for enhancing osteointegration of said tissue to said anchoring base, and an elastic member (32) extending outwardly from the outside surface ofsaid body portion to provide a stabilizing force against said living osseus tissue. The outside surface of the body portion can be provided with a recess (36) for selectively receiving the elastic member. The elastic member extending outwardly from the outside surface of said body portion or a retention means for selectively retaining the elastic member within the corresponding recess can be made of a biodegradable material. The biodegradable materials used in the implant can further incorporate bioactive agents which are gradually released into the surrounding tissue.
Description
`- 2 1 86028 ELASTICALLY sTABl~T7~F~n ENDOSSEOUS
DENTAL IMPLANT
FIELD OF 1~1~ INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of dental prostheses. In particular, the invention relates to the field of endosseous dental implants with stabilizing members.
BACKGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
Endosseous dental h.lplalll~ rely upon the growth of bone tissue in and around the implant, a process called osseointegration. Most endosceous dental implants takeadvantage of osseointegration to create a long-lasting m~.h~nical union bet~,veen the artificial implant and the natural supporting bone Two plhlla,y bonding meçh~nicmc, 20 separately or together, can effectuate such occeointegration: microscopic bonding between the bone tissue and the implant surface; and macroscopic ingrow~h of bone into interstices of the implant to create a meçh~nic~l locking effect.
Succescfi.l osseointegration re~luires that the implant and bone tissue be brought into 25 close pl O~ y to one another, and held thus for a substantial time period, usually several months to a year, Imflic~lrbed by relative motion, fl~lctu~ting loads, or microbiological assault. Thelerole, following pl~cçm~nt the wound is preferably closed over the implant to protect it from infection during an unloaded healing period. A~er several months of osseointegration, the implant is again surgically exposed, and30 prosthetic devices are attached.
In most existing implant systems, the n~cess<l~ y stabilization is achieved by pressing the implant into a closely fitting p~yal ed socket or, in the case of some "rootform"
implants, SCI t;wing a threaded implant into a tapped bone site. Many alterations to the surface profile have been offered in the context of osseointegrated implAnts7 such as 5 variations on protruding helical threads. Other resealchel~ have addressed ways to improve mer.hAnir,AI stabilization. A variety of merh~nicAI locking meçhAnicm~, such as barbs, spurs, legs, pins, screws, spiders, cams, etc. have been developed, often without reference to their applicability to osseointegration.
The disadvantages of present dental implAnts known to skilled clinicians are many.
The tissue site pley~lion for an os.~eointe~rated implant is highly de."~nd;l-E because the p,ey~lion must be cGll~ ly sized, placed, and angled in accordance with a treAtmenS plan and the ~ n~ of the proposed impl~nt The requirement for ~ec.hAllical stabilization places close tolerances, by surgical sLanda,ds, on the diAmeter 15 ofthe tissue yl~yal~lion site. If a threaded implant is used, the bone, which is frequently thin and weak in patients needing implAnts, must be tapped to receive it.
These prep~to~y procedures must be done with special low-speed drilling equipment to avert frictional heating and necrosis of the bone tissue. As a result, implant success is highly dependent on the practitioner's skill and the condition of the patient.
20 Furthermore, corl~/elllional rootform implants rely on the presence of sound bone surrounding a substantial portion oftheir surface, making them inapplopliale for many of the patients who need them most.
In attempts to provide additionAI stabilization for dental ;..,l 1~"1~, the barbs and 25 similar protrusions provided by some current implant designs may cause long-term discoll~ol l, instability, resorption or infection to patients and interfere with the process of osseointegration, due to the p~l .. ,~n~nr.e of the protrusions from the implant into the surrounding tissues for the life of the implant. Additionally, the design of existing dental implants with such anchoring protrusions causes IJnllecess~y and deleterious tearing and collateral damage to the surrounding tissues during the process of inserting the implant into the patient.
.
The relatively high cost of dental implante is due in large part to the time and skill 5 needed to place them, and to the possibility of future complic~tionc A design which allows reliable results to be achieved willluul requiring prec;sion site prepa,~lion and re~iu"ing office visits would improve productivity and lower costs.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The present invention provides an osseointegrated dental implant employing elastic ;lllbel~ primarily for stabilization ofthe implant during healing, and secondarily for resisting disruptive forces throughout the life of the impl~nt The invention also 15 provides a means for positioning the dental implant which .~n;~ es tissue damage to the patient. The present invention provides an osceointegrated dental implant with recessed grooves for receiving therein the elastic stabilizing m~mbers for positioning the implant, which .,.;I~ ;7~s tissue damage to the patient during the implantation procedure. The invention further provides a retention means for IllA;l~ g the elastic 20 stabilizing members within the lecessed grooves during placement of the implant. The invention provides that such a retention means comprises a polymer matrix being adapted to biodegrade, or ,~abso,l" over a pred~lell",ned period oftime, wherein said polymer matrix is disposed about said received elastic members. Alternatively, the invention provides a retention means colll~ g a retention pin adapted to be 25 removably disposed about said received elastic members.
The present invention also provides an osseointegrated dental implant which employs an elastic stabilizing member which biodegrades, or reabso,l,s, over another predetermined period of time. The invention also provides such osseointegrated dental implants with a variety of shapes of biodegradable elastic stabilizing members.
The invention also provides for the incol~o~alion of bioactive agents, or 5 me~ic~.,.c.lls, into one or more ofthe biodegradable Ple...e.~s from which said agents or me~lic~. . .e~ .1 s may be I ~leased in a gradual and controlled fashion into the pl U~illlily of surrounding tissues.
Therefole, it is an object ofthe present invention to provide an osseoh.legl~ted10 dental implant with recessed grooves for receivh~g therein the elastic stabilizing members.
It is a further object ofthe invention to provide a retention means for Ill~ g the elastic stabilizing members within the lecesses grooves during pl~cement ofthe 1 5 impl~nt It is also an object ofthe present invention to provide an os~eQintegrated dental implant employing elastic stabilizing Illenlbel ~ which naturally dissolve, or biodegrade, over a period of time.
It is a further object ofthe present invention to provide osseo...leP.~Lled dental impl~nts with a variety of shapes of biodegradable elastic stabilizing ...~ be~ s.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to permit the controlled release of 25 bioactive agents or me~ic ....~ from within biodegradable polymer elements ofthe implant into the surrounding tissues. These and other objects of the invention will be appal ell~ to one skilled in the art with reference to the detailed embodiments described herein.
-BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TEIE FIGURES
.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the dental implant of the present 5 invention.
Figs. 2A-2C are side views showing three altelllalive embo~imlontc for the stabilizing elastic members of the dental implant of the present invention.
10 Figs. 3A-3C are partial cross-section views showing alternative embodiments of the elastic member le~ g means ofthe dental implant ofthe present invention within aprepared tissue site. Fig. 3C also shows a tool which is used for the insertion ofthe dental implant into the tissue site. Fig. 3D is a partial cross-section views showing the dental implant within the tissue site with the stabilizing elastic members ~Ytended Fig. 4 is a partial cross-section view showing an alternative embodiment of the means for ~nh~n~ing osteointegration of the dental implant.
W O 96/22061 P~rAUS96/00617 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E INVENTION
As seen in Fig. 1, the invention provides a dental prosthesi~ that has an anchoring base 10 for insertion into prepa,ed osseous tissue. The ancllGling base 10 generally has a body portion 12 having a top 14, a bottom 16, and an outside surface 18, a means 20 for ~tt~ching the top 14 of said anchoring base 10 to a crown portion (not shown), a means 22 on the outside surface 18 of said anchoring base 10 for enhAn~ing osteointegration of said tissues to said anchoring base 10, and an elastic member 32 extending outwardly from the outside surface 18 of said body portion 12 to provide a stabilizing force against said living osseus tissues. As shown in Fig. 1, an implant constructed in accol dance with the invention can have more than one elastic member 32 protruding from its outside surface 18.
In use, the implant is inserted into the p~epaled site by suitable means. In a plerelled embodiment a tapered ancholil-g base 10 is simply pressed directly into a similarly shaped and pl ep~ t;d site in the maxilla or mandible until it is seated. The elastic members 32 are then deployed, if n~cessA, y, so as to bear against the sides of the prepared implant site. Subsequent steps in the surgical procedure and completion of the prosthesis are l-nçhAnged from current practice.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the means 20 for ~tt~çhing the top 14 of the anchoring base 10 to the crown portion (not shown) is an openh~g in the top 14 of said body portion 12 adapted to ~tt~çhAhly receive a coll~s~onding or compl;...k.,lA.y shaped projection on said crown portion. However, the top 14 of said body portion 12 can be 25 threaded to receive complimPntAry threads on the projection on said crown portion such that said crown portion can be removably ~tt~çhed to said anchoring base 10.
The means 22 on the outside surface 18 of the anchoring base 10 for enhAn~ing osteointegration of living tissues can be a variety of rea~ules, such as rings, grooves, pores, dimples, wa~es, slots, etc. to f~ itate microscopic bonding or macroscopic bone inglc wth. The osteointegration ~l~hAnc;..g means 22 on the outside surface 18 can be for example, sputtered m-ot~llic coa~ g~ (e.g., tit~ni~lm) or bioactive coatings (e.g., hydlo~y~pa~ile). The implant can be generally cylindrical or tapered in vertical cross-5 section, or can be a blade-type or other non-circular geonlellies. For example, Fig. 1 shows an embodiment wherein the osteQ;~.leg,~ling means 22 is nullle-ous intlPntations on the outside surface 18 ofthe implant base 10, and Fig. 4 shows an alternativeembodiment ofthe invention where the osleo;..leg.~lill~ means 422 on the base 410 is a threaded or ribbed surface.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the ancholing base 10 can have a recess 34 inthe outside surface 18 of said body portion 12 for selectively receiving said elastic member 32 therein during positiQning of said body portion 12 of said dental prosthesis into said tissues. By "positioning" it is meant that the elastic member 32 may be retained in the recess 34 during the surgical procedure and for a time following the procedure to be determined by the dentist. When a plurality of elastic members 32 are used, each can have a collt;~onding recess 34. The recess 34 provides a space into which the elastic lllelllbel 32 can be deplessed or held to f~çilitate pl~cPm~nt and adaptation into the tissue site with a miniml~m of collateral tissue damage caused by an otherwise eYt~onding elastic memher 32.
The recess 34 has an upper end 36 and a lower end 38. It should be noted that the elastic member 32 can be attaçhed to the body portion 12 within the recess 34 adjacent either the upper end 36 or the lower end 38, or may be ~tt~çhed to the outside surface 18 ofthe body portion 12 adjacent the recess 34.
As seen in Fig. 2, the elastic member 232 comprises a bottom end 242, a top end 244 and a middle portion 246. In the embodiment of Fig. 2A, the bottom end 242A of - the elastic member 232A is ~tt~.hed to the body portion 212A and the top end 244A
extends outwardly from said body portion 212A. This results in a convex coronal shape to the middle portion 246A of the elastic member 232A, which resists extractive forces in addition-to stabilizing the implant centrally. In another embodiment of Fig. 2B, the top end 244B ofthe elastic member 232B is att~h~d to the body portion 212B and the bottom end 242B extends outwardly from the body portion 212B. This results in a convex apical shape to the middle portion 246B of the elastic member 232B, whichespecially resists occlusal forces. In another embodiment of Fig. 2C, either the bottom end 242C or the top end 244C of the elastic member 232C is ~ttached to said bodyportion 212C, the other end being free but disposed within the lecessed grove, and the middle portion 246C of the elastic ~l~e~-lber 232C extends outwardly from said body portion 212C. This results in a convex arcuate shape to the middle portion 246C ofthe elastic member.
The detailed shape and p!~celllr..l ofthe stabilizing elastic --el..be-~ are significant to 15 the initiation of the osseointegration process. Although the described elastic members are specified, other configurations, such as a helix wound around the implant, are possible and may be desirable. When the elastic n.e..lber is not constructed of a resorbable biodegradable material, a material with good elastic memory and biocoll,palibility properties can be used, such as Nitinol alloy, or ordin~y (e.g. stainless) 20 metals, ceramics or other nonmet~l~
As shown in the prere,l ed embodiment in Fig. 3A, the anchoring base 310A of thedental prosthesis further has a retention means 336A for selectively ~ in;ng theelastic member 332A within the corresponding recess 334A. The retention means 336A
25 can be constructed of a polymer matrix being adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time, wherein said polymer matrix is temporarily disposed about said received elastic member 332A to temporarily ...~i..l~in said elastic member 332A within said recess 334A. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3A the elastic member 332A is partially embedded within the polymer matrix retention means WO 96/22061 2 1 8 6 0 2 8 PCI`/US96/00617 ._ 9 336A. In other prer~,led embodimPntc the dental prosthesis can have an elastic member 32, 232 itself also constructed of biodegradable polymer.
The biodegradable polymer of the implant st~b~ ng elastic members 32, 232 or theS biodegradable retention means 336A for selectively ...~ g the elastic member 332A within the corresponding recess 334A can be constructed of a biodegradable, or reabso,lable, polymer col"pone"l such as polyglycolide, polylactide or polycaprolactone, or a co",l)ination thereof. The biodegradable polymer can be constructed with various polymeric formulations and relative amounts of these and 10 other components to achieve a desired predete",lined period oftime over which the material will degrade. Such particular polymers may be obtained from Bil~;n~
Polymers, Inc. (Birmin~h~m ~l~h~m~).
For example, when the biodegradable, or reabsorbable, polymer is to be used for the construction of an elastic ",en,bel stabilizing means 32, 232 the predele"",lled period for biodegradation is pl efel ably 3 to 12 monthc When the biodegradable, or reabsorbable, polymer is to be used for the construction of an elastic ,llelllber, ~lahfing means 336A for the positioning of the implant, the predetermined period for biodegradation and release of the elastic member 332A from the recess 334A is 20 preferably several hours.
In another embodiment shown in Fig. 3B, the retention means 336B further comprises one or more retention pins adapted to be removably disposed about saidreceived elastic nlcnlber 332B to ten.pol~uily m~ said elastic member 332B within 25 said recess 334B during insertion of said prosthesis into said tissues. The retention pin retention means 336B can be selectively disposed only over a received elastic member 332B in a spider-type configuration, or can be disposed around the circumference of the base 310B.
In another embodiment shown in Fig. 3C, the dental prosthesis also has a tool 388C
for inserting said prosthesis into said tissues, said tool 388C having a distal end 389C
adapted to-be selectively disposed about said received elastic member 332C to selectively ...~...l~il- said elastic member 332C within said recess 334C during insertion 5 of said prosLhesis into said tissues. The tool 388C the. efo. c; provides a positioning force to the ancho.i.lg base 310C by pressure di-~.,led to the top 314C. The distal end 389C of the tool 388C can be adapted to cover the ~Ytçntling top end 344C of theelastic ,..~;...ber 332C, as shown, or to ..,~ within the recess 334C any elastic member configuration, such as those shown in Figs. 2A-2C The distal end 389C can10 also be adapted with notches or end hooks to assist in ~tt~hin~ the tool to the elastic member 332C and .~ g it within the recess 334C The distal end 389C can alternatively be adapted so as to wrap around the circu--~e-t:nce ofthe top 314C ofthe base 310C
Fig. 3D shows the anchoring base 310 implanted in a pre~ ed tissue site with theelastic members 332 ~tçn~ed to stabilize the dental implant In those embodiments employing biodegradable polymeric material, it is possible to introduce bioactive çh~mic~l agents, or m~rlic~,...~nl~, into the biodegradable materials 20 so that bioactive agents may be controllably released into the fiuids and tissues surrounding the impl~nt Such agents can also be embedded in porous, but non-biodegradable materials Such agents might be sçlected to encoL~-~ge tissue growth (as in the case of bone growth factors), to reduce the risk of infection (as in the case of antibiotics), or to achieve other medical objectives More than one bioactive agent, or 25 medicament, can be introduced within a single polymeric implant element Different agents or co...billa~ions of agents can be introduced within di~ere.lL polymeric elements of a single implant, in order to achieve specific dose profiles. The techniques for encaps~ ting a bioactive chemical agent within a polymer matrix in such a way that the agent is released either by diffusion through the matrix, or by decomposition of the -matrix, and for controlling the rate and dose profile of such release, are known to those skilled in the art.
As used herein "a" or "an" means one or more than one, depending upon the context 5 within which it is used. The described and other embodiments of the present invention will be apl~ en~ to one with skill in the art.
DENTAL IMPLANT
FIELD OF 1~1~ INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of dental prostheses. In particular, the invention relates to the field of endosseous dental implants with stabilizing members.
BACKGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
Endosseous dental h.lplalll~ rely upon the growth of bone tissue in and around the implant, a process called osseointegration. Most endosceous dental implants takeadvantage of osseointegration to create a long-lasting m~.h~nical union bet~,veen the artificial implant and the natural supporting bone Two plhlla,y bonding meçh~nicmc, 20 separately or together, can effectuate such occeointegration: microscopic bonding between the bone tissue and the implant surface; and macroscopic ingrow~h of bone into interstices of the implant to create a meçh~nic~l locking effect.
Succescfi.l osseointegration re~luires that the implant and bone tissue be brought into 25 close pl O~ y to one another, and held thus for a substantial time period, usually several months to a year, Imflic~lrbed by relative motion, fl~lctu~ting loads, or microbiological assault. Thelerole, following pl~cçm~nt the wound is preferably closed over the implant to protect it from infection during an unloaded healing period. A~er several months of osseointegration, the implant is again surgically exposed, and30 prosthetic devices are attached.
In most existing implant systems, the n~cess<l~ y stabilization is achieved by pressing the implant into a closely fitting p~yal ed socket or, in the case of some "rootform"
implants, SCI t;wing a threaded implant into a tapped bone site. Many alterations to the surface profile have been offered in the context of osseointegrated implAnts7 such as 5 variations on protruding helical threads. Other resealchel~ have addressed ways to improve mer.hAnir,AI stabilization. A variety of merh~nicAI locking meçhAnicm~, such as barbs, spurs, legs, pins, screws, spiders, cams, etc. have been developed, often without reference to their applicability to osseointegration.
The disadvantages of present dental implAnts known to skilled clinicians are many.
The tissue site pley~lion for an os.~eointe~rated implant is highly de."~nd;l-E because the p,ey~lion must be cGll~ ly sized, placed, and angled in accordance with a treAtmenS plan and the ~ n~ of the proposed impl~nt The requirement for ~ec.hAllical stabilization places close tolerances, by surgical sLanda,ds, on the diAmeter 15 ofthe tissue yl~yal~lion site. If a threaded implant is used, the bone, which is frequently thin and weak in patients needing implAnts, must be tapped to receive it.
These prep~to~y procedures must be done with special low-speed drilling equipment to avert frictional heating and necrosis of the bone tissue. As a result, implant success is highly dependent on the practitioner's skill and the condition of the patient.
20 Furthermore, corl~/elllional rootform implants rely on the presence of sound bone surrounding a substantial portion oftheir surface, making them inapplopliale for many of the patients who need them most.
In attempts to provide additionAI stabilization for dental ;..,l 1~"1~, the barbs and 25 similar protrusions provided by some current implant designs may cause long-term discoll~ol l, instability, resorption or infection to patients and interfere with the process of osseointegration, due to the p~l .. ,~n~nr.e of the protrusions from the implant into the surrounding tissues for the life of the implant. Additionally, the design of existing dental implants with such anchoring protrusions causes IJnllecess~y and deleterious tearing and collateral damage to the surrounding tissues during the process of inserting the implant into the patient.
.
The relatively high cost of dental implante is due in large part to the time and skill 5 needed to place them, and to the possibility of future complic~tionc A design which allows reliable results to be achieved willluul requiring prec;sion site prepa,~lion and re~iu"ing office visits would improve productivity and lower costs.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The present invention provides an osseointegrated dental implant employing elastic ;lllbel~ primarily for stabilization ofthe implant during healing, and secondarily for resisting disruptive forces throughout the life of the impl~nt The invention also 15 provides a means for positioning the dental implant which .~n;~ es tissue damage to the patient. The present invention provides an osceointegrated dental implant with recessed grooves for receiving therein the elastic stabilizing m~mbers for positioning the implant, which .,.;I~ ;7~s tissue damage to the patient during the implantation procedure. The invention further provides a retention means for IllA;l~ g the elastic 20 stabilizing members within the lecessed grooves during placement of the implant. The invention provides that such a retention means comprises a polymer matrix being adapted to biodegrade, or ,~abso,l" over a pred~lell",ned period oftime, wherein said polymer matrix is disposed about said received elastic members. Alternatively, the invention provides a retention means colll~ g a retention pin adapted to be 25 removably disposed about said received elastic members.
The present invention also provides an osseointegrated dental implant which employs an elastic stabilizing member which biodegrades, or reabso,l,s, over another predetermined period of time. The invention also provides such osseointegrated dental implants with a variety of shapes of biodegradable elastic stabilizing members.
The invention also provides for the incol~o~alion of bioactive agents, or 5 me~ic~.,.c.lls, into one or more ofthe biodegradable Ple...e.~s from which said agents or me~lic~. . .e~ .1 s may be I ~leased in a gradual and controlled fashion into the pl U~illlily of surrounding tissues.
Therefole, it is an object ofthe present invention to provide an osseoh.legl~ted10 dental implant with recessed grooves for receivh~g therein the elastic stabilizing members.
It is a further object ofthe invention to provide a retention means for Ill~ g the elastic stabilizing members within the lecesses grooves during pl~cement ofthe 1 5 impl~nt It is also an object ofthe present invention to provide an os~eQintegrated dental implant employing elastic stabilizing Illenlbel ~ which naturally dissolve, or biodegrade, over a period of time.
It is a further object ofthe present invention to provide osseo...leP.~Lled dental impl~nts with a variety of shapes of biodegradable elastic stabilizing ...~ be~ s.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to permit the controlled release of 25 bioactive agents or me~ic ....~ from within biodegradable polymer elements ofthe implant into the surrounding tissues. These and other objects of the invention will be appal ell~ to one skilled in the art with reference to the detailed embodiments described herein.
-BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TEIE FIGURES
.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the dental implant of the present 5 invention.
Figs. 2A-2C are side views showing three altelllalive embo~imlontc for the stabilizing elastic members of the dental implant of the present invention.
10 Figs. 3A-3C are partial cross-section views showing alternative embodiments of the elastic member le~ g means ofthe dental implant ofthe present invention within aprepared tissue site. Fig. 3C also shows a tool which is used for the insertion ofthe dental implant into the tissue site. Fig. 3D is a partial cross-section views showing the dental implant within the tissue site with the stabilizing elastic members ~Ytended Fig. 4 is a partial cross-section view showing an alternative embodiment of the means for ~nh~n~ing osteointegration of the dental implant.
W O 96/22061 P~rAUS96/00617 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E INVENTION
As seen in Fig. 1, the invention provides a dental prosthesi~ that has an anchoring base 10 for insertion into prepa,ed osseous tissue. The ancllGling base 10 generally has a body portion 12 having a top 14, a bottom 16, and an outside surface 18, a means 20 for ~tt~ching the top 14 of said anchoring base 10 to a crown portion (not shown), a means 22 on the outside surface 18 of said anchoring base 10 for enhAn~ing osteointegration of said tissues to said anchoring base 10, and an elastic member 32 extending outwardly from the outside surface 18 of said body portion 12 to provide a stabilizing force against said living osseus tissues. As shown in Fig. 1, an implant constructed in accol dance with the invention can have more than one elastic member 32 protruding from its outside surface 18.
In use, the implant is inserted into the p~epaled site by suitable means. In a plerelled embodiment a tapered ancholil-g base 10 is simply pressed directly into a similarly shaped and pl ep~ t;d site in the maxilla or mandible until it is seated. The elastic members 32 are then deployed, if n~cessA, y, so as to bear against the sides of the prepared implant site. Subsequent steps in the surgical procedure and completion of the prosthesis are l-nçhAnged from current practice.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the means 20 for ~tt~çhing the top 14 of the anchoring base 10 to the crown portion (not shown) is an openh~g in the top 14 of said body portion 12 adapted to ~tt~çhAhly receive a coll~s~onding or compl;...k.,lA.y shaped projection on said crown portion. However, the top 14 of said body portion 12 can be 25 threaded to receive complimPntAry threads on the projection on said crown portion such that said crown portion can be removably ~tt~çhed to said anchoring base 10.
The means 22 on the outside surface 18 of the anchoring base 10 for enhAn~ing osteointegration of living tissues can be a variety of rea~ules, such as rings, grooves, pores, dimples, wa~es, slots, etc. to f~ itate microscopic bonding or macroscopic bone inglc wth. The osteointegration ~l~hAnc;..g means 22 on the outside surface 18 can be for example, sputtered m-ot~llic coa~ g~ (e.g., tit~ni~lm) or bioactive coatings (e.g., hydlo~y~pa~ile). The implant can be generally cylindrical or tapered in vertical cross-5 section, or can be a blade-type or other non-circular geonlellies. For example, Fig. 1 shows an embodiment wherein the osteQ;~.leg,~ling means 22 is nullle-ous intlPntations on the outside surface 18 ofthe implant base 10, and Fig. 4 shows an alternativeembodiment ofthe invention where the osleo;..leg.~lill~ means 422 on the base 410 is a threaded or ribbed surface.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the ancholing base 10 can have a recess 34 inthe outside surface 18 of said body portion 12 for selectively receiving said elastic member 32 therein during positiQning of said body portion 12 of said dental prosthesis into said tissues. By "positioning" it is meant that the elastic member 32 may be retained in the recess 34 during the surgical procedure and for a time following the procedure to be determined by the dentist. When a plurality of elastic members 32 are used, each can have a collt;~onding recess 34. The recess 34 provides a space into which the elastic lllelllbel 32 can be deplessed or held to f~çilitate pl~cPm~nt and adaptation into the tissue site with a miniml~m of collateral tissue damage caused by an otherwise eYt~onding elastic memher 32.
The recess 34 has an upper end 36 and a lower end 38. It should be noted that the elastic member 32 can be attaçhed to the body portion 12 within the recess 34 adjacent either the upper end 36 or the lower end 38, or may be ~tt~çhed to the outside surface 18 ofthe body portion 12 adjacent the recess 34.
As seen in Fig. 2, the elastic member 232 comprises a bottom end 242, a top end 244 and a middle portion 246. In the embodiment of Fig. 2A, the bottom end 242A of - the elastic member 232A is ~tt~.hed to the body portion 212A and the top end 244A
extends outwardly from said body portion 212A. This results in a convex coronal shape to the middle portion 246A of the elastic member 232A, which resists extractive forces in addition-to stabilizing the implant centrally. In another embodiment of Fig. 2B, the top end 244B ofthe elastic member 232B is att~h~d to the body portion 212B and the bottom end 242B extends outwardly from the body portion 212B. This results in a convex apical shape to the middle portion 246B of the elastic member 232B, whichespecially resists occlusal forces. In another embodiment of Fig. 2C, either the bottom end 242C or the top end 244C of the elastic member 232C is ~ttached to said bodyportion 212C, the other end being free but disposed within the lecessed grove, and the middle portion 246C of the elastic ~l~e~-lber 232C extends outwardly from said body portion 212C. This results in a convex arcuate shape to the middle portion 246C ofthe elastic member.
The detailed shape and p!~celllr..l ofthe stabilizing elastic --el..be-~ are significant to 15 the initiation of the osseointegration process. Although the described elastic members are specified, other configurations, such as a helix wound around the implant, are possible and may be desirable. When the elastic n.e..lber is not constructed of a resorbable biodegradable material, a material with good elastic memory and biocoll,palibility properties can be used, such as Nitinol alloy, or ordin~y (e.g. stainless) 20 metals, ceramics or other nonmet~l~
As shown in the prere,l ed embodiment in Fig. 3A, the anchoring base 310A of thedental prosthesis further has a retention means 336A for selectively ~ in;ng theelastic member 332A within the corresponding recess 334A. The retention means 336A
25 can be constructed of a polymer matrix being adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time, wherein said polymer matrix is temporarily disposed about said received elastic member 332A to temporarily ...~i..l~in said elastic member 332A within said recess 334A. Therefore, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3A the elastic member 332A is partially embedded within the polymer matrix retention means WO 96/22061 2 1 8 6 0 2 8 PCI`/US96/00617 ._ 9 336A. In other prer~,led embodimPntc the dental prosthesis can have an elastic member 32, 232 itself also constructed of biodegradable polymer.
The biodegradable polymer of the implant st~b~ ng elastic members 32, 232 or theS biodegradable retention means 336A for selectively ...~ g the elastic member 332A within the corresponding recess 334A can be constructed of a biodegradable, or reabso,lable, polymer col"pone"l such as polyglycolide, polylactide or polycaprolactone, or a co",l)ination thereof. The biodegradable polymer can be constructed with various polymeric formulations and relative amounts of these and 10 other components to achieve a desired predete",lined period oftime over which the material will degrade. Such particular polymers may be obtained from Bil~;n~
Polymers, Inc. (Birmin~h~m ~l~h~m~).
For example, when the biodegradable, or reabsorbable, polymer is to be used for the construction of an elastic ",en,bel stabilizing means 32, 232 the predele"",lled period for biodegradation is pl efel ably 3 to 12 monthc When the biodegradable, or reabsorbable, polymer is to be used for the construction of an elastic ,llelllber, ~lahfing means 336A for the positioning of the implant, the predetermined period for biodegradation and release of the elastic member 332A from the recess 334A is 20 preferably several hours.
In another embodiment shown in Fig. 3B, the retention means 336B further comprises one or more retention pins adapted to be removably disposed about saidreceived elastic nlcnlber 332B to ten.pol~uily m~ said elastic member 332B within 25 said recess 334B during insertion of said prosthesis into said tissues. The retention pin retention means 336B can be selectively disposed only over a received elastic member 332B in a spider-type configuration, or can be disposed around the circumference of the base 310B.
In another embodiment shown in Fig. 3C, the dental prosthesis also has a tool 388C
for inserting said prosthesis into said tissues, said tool 388C having a distal end 389C
adapted to-be selectively disposed about said received elastic member 332C to selectively ...~...l~il- said elastic member 332C within said recess 334C during insertion 5 of said prosLhesis into said tissues. The tool 388C the. efo. c; provides a positioning force to the ancho.i.lg base 310C by pressure di-~.,led to the top 314C. The distal end 389C of the tool 388C can be adapted to cover the ~Ytçntling top end 344C of theelastic ,..~;...ber 332C, as shown, or to ..,~ within the recess 334C any elastic member configuration, such as those shown in Figs. 2A-2C The distal end 389C can10 also be adapted with notches or end hooks to assist in ~tt~hin~ the tool to the elastic member 332C and .~ g it within the recess 334C The distal end 389C can alternatively be adapted so as to wrap around the circu--~e-t:nce ofthe top 314C ofthe base 310C
Fig. 3D shows the anchoring base 310 implanted in a pre~ ed tissue site with theelastic members 332 ~tçn~ed to stabilize the dental implant In those embodiments employing biodegradable polymeric material, it is possible to introduce bioactive çh~mic~l agents, or m~rlic~,...~nl~, into the biodegradable materials 20 so that bioactive agents may be controllably released into the fiuids and tissues surrounding the impl~nt Such agents can also be embedded in porous, but non-biodegradable materials Such agents might be sçlected to encoL~-~ge tissue growth (as in the case of bone growth factors), to reduce the risk of infection (as in the case of antibiotics), or to achieve other medical objectives More than one bioactive agent, or 25 medicament, can be introduced within a single polymeric implant element Different agents or co...billa~ions of agents can be introduced within di~ere.lL polymeric elements of a single implant, in order to achieve specific dose profiles. The techniques for encaps~ ting a bioactive chemical agent within a polymer matrix in such a way that the agent is released either by diffusion through the matrix, or by decomposition of the -matrix, and for controlling the rate and dose profile of such release, are known to those skilled in the art.
As used herein "a" or "an" means one or more than one, depending upon the context 5 within which it is used. The described and other embodiments of the present invention will be apl~ en~ to one with skill in the art.
Claims (31)
1. A dental prosthesis comprising an anchoring base for insertion into prepared osseous tissue, wherein the anchoring base comprises:
a. a body portion having a top, a bottom, and an outside surface;
b. means for attaching the top of said anchoring base to a crown portion;
c. means on the outside surface of said anchoring base for enhancing osteointegration of said tissue to said anchoring base;
d. an elastic member extending outwardly from the outside surface of said body portion to provide a stabilizing force against said osseous tissue; and, e. a recess in the outside surface of said body portion for selectively receiving said elastic member therein during positioning of said body portion of said dental prosthesis into said tissue.
a. a body portion having a top, a bottom, and an outside surface;
b. means for attaching the top of said anchoring base to a crown portion;
c. means on the outside surface of said anchoring base for enhancing osteointegration of said tissue to said anchoring base;
d. an elastic member extending outwardly from the outside surface of said body portion to provide a stabilizing force against said osseous tissue; and, e. a recess in the outside surface of said body portion for selectively receiving said elastic member therein during positioning of said body portion of said dental prosthesis into said tissue.
2. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, further comprising a retention means for selectively maintaining said elastic member within said recess.
3. The dental prosthesis of claim 2, wherein said retention means further comprises a polymer matrix adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time, wherein said polymer matrix is temporarily disposed about said elastic member to temporarily maintain said elastic members received within said recess.
4. The dental prosthesis of claim 3, wherein a bioactive agent is incorporated into the biodegradable polymer matrix so as to be gradually released into the surroundingtissue during biodegradation of the polymer matrix.
5. The dental prosthesis of claim 3, wherein the polymer matrix comprises a biodegradable component selected from the group consisting of polyglycolides, polylactides and polycaprolactones.
6. The dental prosthesis of claim 2, wherein said retention means further comprises a retention pin adapted to be removably disposed about said elastic member to temporarily maintain said elastic member within said recess during insertion of said prosthesis into said tissue.
7. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, further comprising a tool for inserting said prosthesis into said tissue, comprising a distal end adapted to be selectively disposed about said received elastic member to selectively maintain said elastic member within said recess during insertion of said prosthesis into said tissue.
8. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said elastic member comprises a polymer matrix adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time and the polymermatrix comprises a biodegradable component selected from the group consisting ofpolyglycolides, polylactides and polycaprolactones.
9. The dental prosthesis of claim 8, wherein a bioactive agent is incorporated into the biodegradable polymer matrix so as to be gradually released into the surroundingtissue during biodegradation of the polymer matrix.
10. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said elastic member comprises abottom end and a top end, the bottom end being attached to said body portion and the top end extending outwardly from said body portion.
11. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said elastic member comprises abottom end and a top end, the top end being attached to said body portion and the bottom end extending outwardly from said body portion.
12. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said elastic member comprises abottom end and a top end and a middle portion, the bottom end being attached to said body portion, the middle portion of the elastic member extending outwardly from said body portion, and the top end extending inwardly toward said body portion.
13. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said elastic member comprises a bottom end and a top end and a middle portion, the top end being attached to said body portion, the middle portion of the elastic member extending outwardly from said body portion, and the bottom end extending inwardly toward said body portion.
14. The dental prosthesis of claim 1, wherein said attaching means comprises an opening in the top of said body portion adapted to attachably receive a complimentary shaped projection on said crown portion.
15. The dental prosthesis of claim 14, wherein the opening in the top of said body portion is threaded to receive a complimentary thread on the projection on said crown portion such that said crown portion can be removably attached to said anchoring base.
16. A dental prosthesis comprising an anchoring base for insertion into prepared osseous tissue, wherein the anchoring base comprises:
a. a body portion having a top, a bottom, and an outside surface;
b. means for attaching the top of said anchoring base to a crown portion;
c. means on the outside surface of said anchoring base for enhancing osteointegration of said tissue to said anchoring base; and, d. an elastic member extending outwardly from the outside surface of said body portion to provide a stabilizing force against said osseus tissue, said elastic member comprising a polymer matrix adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time.
a. a body portion having a top, a bottom, and an outside surface;
b. means for attaching the top of said anchoring base to a crown portion;
c. means on the outside surface of said anchoring base for enhancing osteointegration of said tissue to said anchoring base; and, d. an elastic member extending outwardly from the outside surface of said body portion to provide a stabilizing force against said osseus tissue, said elastic member comprising a polymer matrix adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time.
17. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein a bioactive agent is incorporated into the biodegradable polymer matrix so as to be gradually released into the surrounding tissue during biodegradation of the polymer matrix.
18. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said elastic member comprises a biodegradable component selected from the group consisting of polyglycolides, polylactides and polycaprolactones.
19. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said elastic member comprises a bottom end and a top end, the bottom end being attached to said body portion and the top end extending outwardly from said body portion.
20. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said elastic member comprises a bottom end and a top end, the top end being attached to said body portion and the bottom end extending outwardly from said body portion.
21. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said elastic member comprises a bottom end and a top end and a middle portion, the bottom end being attached to said body portion, the middle portion of the elastic member extending outwardly from said body portion, and the top end extending inwardly toward said body portion.
22. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said elastic member comprises a bottom end and a top end and a middle portion, the top end being attached to said body portion, the middle portion of the elastic member extending outwardly from said body portion, and the bottom end extending inwardly toward said body portion.
23. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said attaching means comprises an opening in the top of said body portion adapted to attachably receive a corresponding projection on said crown portion.
24. The dental prosthesis of claim 23, wherein the opening in the top of saidbody portion is threaded to receive a complimentary thread on the projection on said crown portion such that said crown portion can be removably attached to said anchoring base.
25. The dental prosthesis of claim 16, wherein said body portion of said dental prosthesis further comprises a recess in said outside surface of said body portion for selectively receiving said elastic member therein during positioning of said body portion of said dental prosthesis into said tissue.
26. The dental prosthesis of claim 25, further comprising a retention means for selectively maintaining said elastic member within said corresponding recess.
27. The dental prosthesis of claim 26, wherein said retention means further comprises a polymer matrix adapted to biodegrade over a predetermined period of time, wherein said polymer matrix is temporarily disposed about said elastic member to temporarily maintain said elastic member received within said recess.
28. The dental prosthesis of claim 27, wherein a bioactive agent is incorporated into the biodegradable polymer matrix so as to be gradually released into the surrounding tissue during biodegradation of the polymer matrix.
29. The dental prosthesis of claim 28, wherein said polymer matrix comprises biodegradable component selected from the group consisting of polyglycolides, polylactides and polycaprolactones.
30. The dental prosthesis of claim 26, wherein said retention means further comprises a retention pin adapted to be removably disposed about said received elastic member to temporarily maintain said elastic member within said recess during insertion of said prosthesis into said tissue.
31. The dental prosthesis of claim 26, further comprising a tool for inserting said prosthesis into said tissue, comprising a distal end adapted to be selectively disposed about said received elastic member to selectively maintain said elastic member within said recess during insertion of said prosthesis into said tissue.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/376,013 US5766009A (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1995-01-20 | Elastically stabilized endosseous dental implant |
| US08/376,013 | 1995-01-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2186028A1 true CA2186028A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002186028A Abandoned CA2186028A1 (en) | 1995-01-20 | 1996-01-19 | Elastically stabilized endosseous dental implant |
Country Status (5)
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| US (1) | US5766009A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0752834A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU690827B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2186028A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996022061A1 (en) |
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| US5213500A (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1993-05-25 | Alfred Salazar | Stress absorbing semipermanent dental implant system |
| US5439381A (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1995-08-08 | Cohen; Howard | Dental implant apparatus and method |
| DE9316043U1 (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1994-01-13 | Brammann Dierk | Device for anchoring a denture in the human jaw |
-
1995
- 1995-01-20 US US08/376,013 patent/US5766009A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-01-19 AU AU48989/96A patent/AU690827B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-01-19 CA CA002186028A patent/CA2186028A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-01-19 EP EP96905158A patent/EP0752834A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-01-19 WO PCT/US1996/000617 patent/WO1996022061A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4898996A (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| WO1996022061A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
| US5766009A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
| EP0752834A1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
| AU690827B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |