CA2186569A1 - Electrosurgical clamping device with insulation limited bipolar electrode - Google Patents
Electrosurgical clamping device with insulation limited bipolar electrodeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2186569A1 CA2186569A1 CA002186569A CA2186569A CA2186569A1 CA 2186569 A1 CA2186569 A1 CA 2186569A1 CA 002186569 A CA002186569 A CA 002186569A CA 2186569 A CA2186569 A CA 2186569A CA 2186569 A1 CA2186569 A1 CA 2186569A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tissue
- grasping
- electrode
- end effector
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
- A61B18/1445—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
- A61B18/1447—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod wherein sliding surfaces cause opening/closing of the end effectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
- A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
- A61B2017/2945—Curved jaws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00053—Mechanical features of the instrument of device
- A61B2018/00107—Coatings on the energy applicator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1422—Hook
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
- A61B2018/1425—Needle
- A61B2018/1432—Needle curved
Abstract
An electrosurgical hemostatic instrument is provided in which the coagulation status of tissue engaged by two elements delivering an electrosurgical energy to tissue may be observed, and in which damage from thermal spread may be minimized. A
preferred embodiment of the invention provides a bipolar endoscopic clamping, coagulation and cutting device. In this device, the outer conductive surface of the tissue engaging elements is substantially covered by an insulative coating whichconfines current flow to the clamped tissue and limited regions around the tissue engaging elements. Coagulation may be observed by watching the region around thetissue engaging elements. Coagulation around the tissue engaging elements may becontrolled by selectively coating the outside of the elements with insulation to control current flow from the surface of the engaging elements.
preferred embodiment of the invention provides a bipolar endoscopic clamping, coagulation and cutting device. In this device, the outer conductive surface of the tissue engaging elements is substantially covered by an insulative coating whichconfines current flow to the clamped tissue and limited regions around the tissue engaging elements. Coagulation may be observed by watching the region around thetissue engaging elements. Coagulation around the tissue engaging elements may becontrolled by selectively coating the outside of the elements with insulation to control current flow from the surface of the engaging elements.
Description
2 1 8656~
ELECTROSURGICAL CLAMPING DEVICE WITH
INSULATION LIMITED BIPOLAR ELECTRODE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
s The present invention relates to an electrosurgical hemostatic grasping, clarnping or forceps type device, and in particular, to a clamping and cutting device inclllriing a pair of electrically conductive clarnping elements coated with an electrically insulative substance.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrosurgical hemostatic devices have been used for effecting improved hemostasis by heating tissue and blood vessels to cause coagulation or cauterization.
15 Monopolar electrosurgical devices utiliæ one active electrode associated with the cutting or ca.~ izillg instrument and a remote return or ground electrode which is usually ~tt~hed externally to the patient. Thus in surgery utilizing monopolar instruments, electrical current passes from the active electrode, through the patient to the return electrode.
In bipolar electrosurgical instruments both electrodes are included on the instrument and, generally, both electrodes are active. Thus, a typical bipolar instrument includes two or more electrodes which are charged to different electrical potenti~l~ In bipolar instruments, the coagulating current flows through tissue 2 5 positioned between the electrodes.
Bipolar forceps, being one type of bipolar electrosurgical instrument, have been used in various procedures for co~ ting tissue. Generally bipolar forceps include two opposing jaws each conne~ted to an output electrode of an electrical30 generator such that the opposing jaws are charged to different electrical potentials.
Organic tissue being electrically conductive, when the jaws are used to grasp tissue the two electrodes apply electrical current through the grasped tissue. The use of bipolar forceps may, in certain circllm~t~n~ es, cause areas of thermal spread, i.e., regions of co~ tion caused by the ~ sip~tion of heat outside the area defined by the grasping or eng~ging surfaces of the forceps.
U.S. Application Serial No. 08/095,797 filed on June 22, 1993, illustrates, in a plefe,l~d embodiment, a clamping and co~ ting device in which most of the tissue being treated by the end effector of the device is not visible to the user. The electrodes in the preferred embodiment of this device are offset from each other with respect to the tissue grasping surfaces so that the likelihood of arcing or shorting is reduced. However, in this device it is difficult to visualiæ co~gul~tion as it is occurring to the tissue unless thermal spread is occurring.
U.S. Application Serial No. 08/415,957 filed on April 3, 1995, illustrates a clamping, cutting and co~ ting device in which the tissue being treated by the end effector of the device is partially visible to the user, improving visual feedb~-~k The electrodes of the preferred embodiment of this device are also offset to reduce the likelihood of arcing or shorting.
Electrical energy is used in medical instruments for hemostasis, that is to stopor slow bleeding in tissue. Application of electrical current in conjunction with pressure applied by the end effector results in a significant reduction in bleeding, and may be used to reduce bleeding along a cut line prior to cutting tissue. The electrical current which passes through the tissue acts to heat the tissue. As the tissue is heated, it r~h~nges in color and texture. The experienced surgeon may, by looking for changes 2 5 in the color or texture of the tissue around the end effector, deterrnine when to turn off the current to the end effector. Although the changes in tissue color and texture around the end effector are useful to the surgeon, it is beneficial in many procedures to limit the region effected by the electrical current and insulating heat, i.e. to limit the ~ ! 8656~
thermal spread. In addition, it is beneficial in certain circumstances to develop a - subst~nti~lly uniform electrical field through the tissue between the end effectors.
Thererol~, it would be beneficial to design an end effector wherein the electrical field iS subst~nti~lly Uni~llll and subst~nti~lly confined to the region between the tissue 5 cont~tin~ faces of the end effectors with only a limited region of thermal spread.
In the device illustrated in Figure 1, the bipolar electrodes are llnco~t~
offering many current paths for co~ tin~ energy. As tissue between the electrodes coagulates its impedance rises, and the coagulation current seeks à lower impedance 10 path through the tissue. Tissue which touches uncoated electrodes on the sides of the end effector, offers a low impedance path, increasing thermal spread and decreasing current density in the region between the electrodes. In the simplified cross-section of an end effector in Figure 1, first electrode 1 and second electrode 2 hold tissue 3. In the end effector in Figure 1, electrical current travels along current paths 4 between 15 first electrode 1 which is charged to a first electrical potential and second electrode 2 which is charged to a second electrical potential. As the tissue coagulates, coagulation region 5 forms between electrode 1 and electrode 2 increasing the impedance of the tissue between the electrodes. In the device illustrated in Figure 1, current paths 4 extend well beyond the edges of the end effector and out into tissue 3. The resulting 20 co~ tion region therefore extends laterally out into the tissue around the end effector.
The device illustrated in Figure 2 utilizes what is known as "compression zone" technology wherein one electrode is positioned inside one jaw of the device and 2 5 the second electrode is positioned around the outside of at least one jaw. As tissue between the inner and outer electrode co~ t~s, the coagulated tissue between thejaws inc~ tes the inner electrode, effectively stopping coagulation and therrnal spread.
In the simplified cross-section of an end effector illustrated in Figure 2, tissue 13 is positioned between first insulator 16 and second insulator 18. In the end effector of Figure 2, electrical current flows between first electrode 11 and third electrode 17, in addition, if region 12 is an active electrode current may flow between second electrode 12 and third electrode 17. First electrode 11 and second electrode 12 are charged to a 5 first electrieal potential while third electrode 17 is charged to a second electrical pole~Lial. As current flows through tissue 13, c~gul~tion regions 15 are formed.The arrangement of electrodes in the end effeetor of Figure 2 confines the current paths and thus, co~gul~tion regions 15 to the space between first insulator 16 and seeond insulator 18.
A surgical device according to the present invention includes a bipolar c~ tion device which may be used to grasp and treat tissue and may further include a cutting elemP-nt to cut the treated tissue. In one embodiment of the present 15 invention, an end effector of an ele~;Ll~sulgical device includes first and second clamping elements arranged such that tissue may be clamped between the first andsecond elem~ntc. In this embodiment, the clamping elements include electrically conductive external surfaces and electrically conductive clamping surfaces wherein the external clamping surfaces are subst~nti~lly covered by a coating of electrieally 20 insulative material, the electrically insulative material being arranged such that the electric field is substantially confined between the clamping surfaces. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the insulative material covers all but a small portion of the exterior surface of the electrically conductive clamping element, leaving the clamping surface electrically eonduetive. In a further embodiment of the present 25 invention, the end effector includes a first knife channel in the first clamping surface and a second knife ehannel in the second clamping surface. In this embodiment, the 2 1 &6569 knife channel may be coated with in.c~ ting material to prevent an electrically con~ ctive knife from shorting between the first and second surfaces.
BRIEF DESCRIPI'ION OF THE DRAW~NGS
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the 10 ~c~Q~ ying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a simplified cross-section of a bipolar end effector without external in.~ tion.
Figure 2 is a simplified cross-section of a bipolar end effector utilizing compression zone technology.
Figure 3 is a simplified cross-section of one embodiment of a bipolar end effector according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is an elevated side view of a bipolar clamping, cutting and coa~ tin~ device including an end effector according to the present invention;
Figure 5 is a perspective exploded view of one embodiment of a bipolar end 2 5 effector accordi~g to the present invention.
Figure 6 is a top view of the bipolar end effector illustrated in Figure 5 as itgrasps tissue.
2 l &6s6q - Figure 7 is a perspective view of a bipolar end effector.
Figure 8 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment the end effector illustrated in Figure 7 including an insulative coating according to the presentinvention.
Figure 9 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment the end effector illustrated in Figure 7 including an insulative coating according to the present1 0 invention.
Figure 10 is a bottom view of a curved bipolar end effector jaw.
Figure 11 is a top view of a curved end effector jaw according to the present 1 5 invention.
DETAILED DESCRlPrlON OF THE INVENTION
In the simplified cross-section of an end effector according to the present invention illustrated in Figure 3, tissue 23 is grasped between first electrode 21 and second electrode 22. In end effector 10, an electrical potential or voltage is generated between electrode 21 and second electrode 22. Thus when an electrically conductive material such as organic tissue is grasped by the end effector, electrical current flows between first electrode 21 and second electrode 22. In Figure 3, insulators 26 and 28 cover subst~nti~lly all of the outer surface of first electrode 21 and second electrode 22 respectively confining a s~lbst~nti~l portion of the current path 24 to the region between first electrode 21 and second electrode 22. A small portion of the electrical current flows through tissue 23 in the region outside electrode 21 and electrode 22, 7 21 8656q co~ ting the tissue and providing the surgeon with visible evidence of co~ tion.Thus, the co~ tPd region around the outside of end effector 10 may be referred to as the feedb~cl~ region since the thermal spread in this region provides the surgeon with visible evidence of coagulation.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, insulation layer 26 covers su~st~nti~lly all of the outer surface 32 of electrode 21, leaving only a small region 29 of outer surface 32 exposed and electrically conductive. Region 29 may be referred to as an outer electrode. Insulation layer 28 covers substantially all of the outer surface 34 of electrode 22, leaving only a small region 39 of outer surface 34 exposed and electrically conductive. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, outer electrode 29 is located ~ r~nt the interface between outer surface 32 and tissue grasping surface 27.
The region ~dj~rPnt the interface between outer surface 32 and tissue grasping surface 27 may be referred to as the transition region. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, outer electrode 39 is located ~dj~oent the interface between outer surface 34 and tissue grasping surface 36. The region of outer surfaoe 34 ~dj~cent tissue grasping surface 36 may be referred to as the transition region. More generally, as used herein, the transition region refers to any portion of the jaw around the interface between the outer faoe of an electrode and the tissue grasping surfaoe. Tissue 23 conducts current between electrodes 21 and 22, generating co~ tion region 25.
Since insulators 26 and 28 do not cover the entire outer surface 32 and 34 of conductors 21 and 22 respectively, leaving outer electrodes 29 and 39, a small portion of the current will flow outside the region between grasping surfaoes 27 and 36,co~ul~ting tissue outside that region and providing visual confirmation of coagulation.
The siæ and shape of the fee~lb~rl~ region may be varied by varying the portion of outer surfaoe 32 and 34 which are not covered by insulative coating i.e. by varying the size and location of outer electrodes 29 and 39. Where neoessary, shorting may be prevented by, for example, including an island of insulation on the grasping surfaoe 27 -8- 21 8b569 or 36 of either electrode 21 or 2i to establish an insulative gap between the conductive surfaces. However, the grasped tissue will generally prevent shorting of the electrodes during tre~ment and, once the tissue is treated it may not be necessary or desirable to prevent the electrodes from shorting.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a bipolar forceps 410 according to the present invention. In bipolar forceps 410, upper jaw 416 and lower jaw 417 of end effector 412 are supported by upper wire form 414 and lower wire form 415.
Wire forms 414 and 415 also act as conductors supplying bipolar electrical energy to upper jaw 416 and lower jaw 417 respectively. Tissue stop 418 is positioned within closure tube 420. Rotation knob 422 is affixed to closure tube420 to cause rotation of closure tube 420 with respect to handle 426. Handle 426includes knife button 424, grip 428 and trigger 430. Electrical cord 434 is connected to handle 426 through strain relief 432. Trigger latch 436 is positioned on trigger 430. Handle latch shield 438 is positioned on grip 428.
Figure 5 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a bipolar end effector according to the present invention. As illustrated in Figure 5, jaw members 116 and 117 include electrodes 147 and 148 respectively, which include tissue grasping surfaces 118 and 119 respectively. Top jaw 116 and bottom jaw 117 are arranged to grasp or position tissue therebetween. Jaw members 116 and 117 include an outer electrically insulative coating 146 and 156 of, for example, a ceramic material.Closure tube 115 is adapted to close the jaws 116 and 117 together as tube 115 is advanced distally. Jaw member 116 includes a U-shaped insulator 134 formed on the inside of electrode 147. Jaw member 117 includes a U-shaped insulator 164 formedon the inside of electrode 148. The upper half 120 of groove or knife channel 143 is lined by insulator 134. The lower half 121 of groove of knife channel 143 is in~ tPd by insulator 164. Insulators 146 and 156 are arranged so that when tissue is grasped and jaws 116 and 117 are closed together, a portion of the external surface of electrodes 147 and 148 is exposed. The exposed portion of the outer surface of electrode 147 forms outer electrode 170. The exposed portion of the outer surface of electrode 148 forms outer electrode 172. Outer electrode 170 is formed in the transition region at the interface between the outer surface of electrode 147 and tissue grasping surface 118 while outer electrode 172 is formed in the transition region at the interface between the outer surface of electrode 148 and tissue grasping surface 119.
The siæ and shape of outer electrodes 170 and 172 may be adjusted by selectivelydepositing more or less insulation in the transition regions of electrodes 147 and 148 r~ ;tively. Control of the siæ and shape of the feedb~ region in treated tissue may be achieved, at least in part, by controlling the siæ and shape of the outerelectrodes, for example, by controlling the siæ and shape of outer electrodes 170 and 172. For the purposes of this application, outer electrodes may also be referred to as feedb~ or thermal spread electrodes. The distal end 144 and 145 of jaw members 116 and 117 respectively, has an inwardly angled shape. The inwardly angled distal ends 144 and 145 form a V-shaped space at the distal end jaws 116 and 117, whichassists in channeling tissue in between jaws 116 and 117.
In Figure 5, knife 122 is adapted to cut tissue by moving distally in knife channel 143 when jaws 116 and 117 are closed to grip tissue. Knife 122 includes upper knife section 123 and lower knife section 124. Upper knife section 123 includes sharpened blade 125 at the distal end of upper knife section 123. Lower knife section 124 includes sharpened blade 126 at the distal end of the lower knife section 124.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the end effector illustrated in Figure 5. In Figure 6, upper jaw 116 of end effector 610 grasps tissue 198. As electrical current flowsthrough the tissue, insulator 146 prevents current from flowing except where theelectrode is exposed (e.g. between the tissue grasping electrodes and through the outer electrodes). An area of tissue 197 surrounding the end effector is illustrated in which ~les~ tion of and/or thermal effects on the tissue may be vicll~li7~cl Region 197 may be referred to as the fee~b~ region.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a straight bipolar end effector 210 without insulation. End effector 210 comprises upper jaw electrode 216 and lower jaw electrode 217. Electrodes 216 and 217 include tissue grasping teeth 206 and 208 ec~i~/ely. Tissue grasping teeth 206 are disposed on at least a portion of uppertissue grasping surface 218. Tissue grasping teeth 208 are disposed on at least a 1 0 portion of lower tissue grasping surface 219. In the embodiments of Figure 7, grasping teeth 206 and 208 are chamfered such that outer faces 222 slant in toward the center of end effector 210. In other embodiments of the present invention, outersurface faces 222 may have a radius rather than a chamfer. In other embodiments of the present invention, outer faces 222 may be parallel to or a continuation of outer surfaces 232 and 234. In figure 7, jaws 216 and 217 include holes 280. Holes 280are interspersed along the length of jaws 216 and 217. Holes such as holes 280 pelrol,ll at least three functions in an end effector such as the end effector illustrated in Figure 7. Holes 280 may be used to observe the tissue clamped between jaws 216 and 217. Alternatively, holes 280 may be used to observe the position of a cutting 2 0 element such as the knife illustrated in Figure 5, as it moves along channel 282 when jaws 216 and 217 are closed. Holes 280 also reduce the physical and thermal mass of jaws 216 and 217. ~Pducing the thermal mass of the jaws reduces the jaws ability to absorb heat generated in the treated tissue, thus increasing coagulation speed which may, in certain circum~t~nces, improve the performance of the end effector. In the embodiment of Figure 7, U-shaped electrodes 216 and 217 have a subst~nti~lly rert~ngul~r cross section. The use of a subst~nti~lly rectangular cross section improves the structural strength of the jaws and, as a result, the clamping force which 2 ! 86569 may be applied to the jaws. The rectangular cross section of the jaw improves - shielding of a knife blade as it moves along channel 282.
Figure 8 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment of electrode 212 of 5 the end effector illustrated in Figure 7. In Figure 8, electrode 212 includes an insulative coating 220 which covers subst~n~i~lly all of the outer surface of electrode 212. Insulative coating 220 does not cover the chamfered surface 222 of teeth 206, leaving that portion of the outer surface of electrode 212 exposed and electrically conductive. Thus, in the embodiment of.the invention illustrated in Figure 8, the outer 1 0 electrode is formed from the chamfered surface of teeth 206. In a similar manner, a second outer electrode may be formed from the chamfered portion of teeth 208 in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment of electrode 212 of the end effector illustrated in Figure 7. In Figure 9, electrode 212 includes aninsulative coating 230 which covers substantially all of the outer surface of electrode 212. Insulative coating 230 covers at least a portion of chamfered surface 222 of teeth 206, leaving the remainder of the chamfered surface exposed and electrically conductive. Thus, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 9, the outer 2 0 electrode is formed from the nonin~ul~ted, electrically conductive portion of chamfered surface 222. In a similar manner, a second outer electrode may be formed by in~ul~ting all but a portion of the chamfered surface 222 of teeth 208 in Figure 7.
It will be understood that the actual shape of the outer electrode will be 25 determined by selectively depositing insulation on the outer surface of an electrode such as jaws 216 and 217 and may, for example, include an embodiment wherein theouter surface of selected ones of the grasping teeth are coated or partially coated with insulation. In addition, in a further embodiment, the outer electrode may include at -12- 21 8656q least a portion of the outer surface of the clamping jaw ~ nt the tissue grasping - teeth.
Figure 10 is a bottom view of a curved bipolar end effector jaw 310 wherein chamfered surface 322 is clearly illustrated. Jaw 310 includes teeth 316 which are chamfered such that chamfered surface 322 is recessed from exterior surface 340. In the embodiment of Figure 10, teeth 316 are not recessed from interior surface 342.
Figure 11 is a top view of a curved end effector jaw. In Figure 11, electrode 512 is coated by outer insulation layer 520.
When the outside of bipolar electrode jaws are covered in an incul~ting material, the available current path is confined to the tissue touching the exposed electrode surface. This causes the tissue between the jaws to co~ tP fast. In addition, the thermal image is confined to a visibly smaller area than would be the case 1 5 with uncoated electrodes, even when current is applied well beyond the point at which coagulation is fini~hP~I Thus, the present invention is intended to create a selective region of visible co~ tion around the end effector to provide visual feedb~ck to the surgeon. In addition, by reducing the active electrode siæ, the electrical fields are focused, speeding coagulation.
A generator, not shown, provides electrosurgical energy to the bipolar electrodes. The generator is preferably an electrosurgical unit capable of providing bipolar energy. Electrical energy is delivered through wires which are coupled to the electrodes. After electrosurgical energy is applied and the tissue is electrosurgically 2 5 treated to a desired degree, a cutting element such as the knife illustrated in Figure S
may be advanced to cut the treated tissue.
21 ~f~569 While prefellcd embodirnents of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, ch~n~s, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the 5 invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
ELECTROSURGICAL CLAMPING DEVICE WITH
INSULATION LIMITED BIPOLAR ELECTRODE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
s The present invention relates to an electrosurgical hemostatic grasping, clarnping or forceps type device, and in particular, to a clamping and cutting device inclllriing a pair of electrically conductive clarnping elements coated with an electrically insulative substance.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Electrosurgical hemostatic devices have been used for effecting improved hemostasis by heating tissue and blood vessels to cause coagulation or cauterization.
15 Monopolar electrosurgical devices utiliæ one active electrode associated with the cutting or ca.~ izillg instrument and a remote return or ground electrode which is usually ~tt~hed externally to the patient. Thus in surgery utilizing monopolar instruments, electrical current passes from the active electrode, through the patient to the return electrode.
In bipolar electrosurgical instruments both electrodes are included on the instrument and, generally, both electrodes are active. Thus, a typical bipolar instrument includes two or more electrodes which are charged to different electrical potenti~l~ In bipolar instruments, the coagulating current flows through tissue 2 5 positioned between the electrodes.
Bipolar forceps, being one type of bipolar electrosurgical instrument, have been used in various procedures for co~ ting tissue. Generally bipolar forceps include two opposing jaws each conne~ted to an output electrode of an electrical30 generator such that the opposing jaws are charged to different electrical potentials.
Organic tissue being electrically conductive, when the jaws are used to grasp tissue the two electrodes apply electrical current through the grasped tissue. The use of bipolar forceps may, in certain circllm~t~n~ es, cause areas of thermal spread, i.e., regions of co~ tion caused by the ~ sip~tion of heat outside the area defined by the grasping or eng~ging surfaces of the forceps.
U.S. Application Serial No. 08/095,797 filed on June 22, 1993, illustrates, in a plefe,l~d embodiment, a clamping and co~ ting device in which most of the tissue being treated by the end effector of the device is not visible to the user. The electrodes in the preferred embodiment of this device are offset from each other with respect to the tissue grasping surfaces so that the likelihood of arcing or shorting is reduced. However, in this device it is difficult to visualiæ co~gul~tion as it is occurring to the tissue unless thermal spread is occurring.
U.S. Application Serial No. 08/415,957 filed on April 3, 1995, illustrates a clamping, cutting and co~ ting device in which the tissue being treated by the end effector of the device is partially visible to the user, improving visual feedb~-~k The electrodes of the preferred embodiment of this device are also offset to reduce the likelihood of arcing or shorting.
Electrical energy is used in medical instruments for hemostasis, that is to stopor slow bleeding in tissue. Application of electrical current in conjunction with pressure applied by the end effector results in a significant reduction in bleeding, and may be used to reduce bleeding along a cut line prior to cutting tissue. The electrical current which passes through the tissue acts to heat the tissue. As the tissue is heated, it r~h~nges in color and texture. The experienced surgeon may, by looking for changes 2 5 in the color or texture of the tissue around the end effector, deterrnine when to turn off the current to the end effector. Although the changes in tissue color and texture around the end effector are useful to the surgeon, it is beneficial in many procedures to limit the region effected by the electrical current and insulating heat, i.e. to limit the ~ ! 8656~
thermal spread. In addition, it is beneficial in certain circumstances to develop a - subst~nti~lly uniform electrical field through the tissue between the end effectors.
Thererol~, it would be beneficial to design an end effector wherein the electrical field iS subst~nti~lly Uni~llll and subst~nti~lly confined to the region between the tissue 5 cont~tin~ faces of the end effectors with only a limited region of thermal spread.
In the device illustrated in Figure 1, the bipolar electrodes are llnco~t~
offering many current paths for co~ tin~ energy. As tissue between the electrodes coagulates its impedance rises, and the coagulation current seeks à lower impedance 10 path through the tissue. Tissue which touches uncoated electrodes on the sides of the end effector, offers a low impedance path, increasing thermal spread and decreasing current density in the region between the electrodes. In the simplified cross-section of an end effector in Figure 1, first electrode 1 and second electrode 2 hold tissue 3. In the end effector in Figure 1, electrical current travels along current paths 4 between 15 first electrode 1 which is charged to a first electrical potential and second electrode 2 which is charged to a second electrical potential. As the tissue coagulates, coagulation region 5 forms between electrode 1 and electrode 2 increasing the impedance of the tissue between the electrodes. In the device illustrated in Figure 1, current paths 4 extend well beyond the edges of the end effector and out into tissue 3. The resulting 20 co~ tion region therefore extends laterally out into the tissue around the end effector.
The device illustrated in Figure 2 utilizes what is known as "compression zone" technology wherein one electrode is positioned inside one jaw of the device and 2 5 the second electrode is positioned around the outside of at least one jaw. As tissue between the inner and outer electrode co~ t~s, the coagulated tissue between thejaws inc~ tes the inner electrode, effectively stopping coagulation and therrnal spread.
In the simplified cross-section of an end effector illustrated in Figure 2, tissue 13 is positioned between first insulator 16 and second insulator 18. In the end effector of Figure 2, electrical current flows between first electrode 11 and third electrode 17, in addition, if region 12 is an active electrode current may flow between second electrode 12 and third electrode 17. First electrode 11 and second electrode 12 are charged to a 5 first electrieal potential while third electrode 17 is charged to a second electrical pole~Lial. As current flows through tissue 13, c~gul~tion regions 15 are formed.The arrangement of electrodes in the end effeetor of Figure 2 confines the current paths and thus, co~gul~tion regions 15 to the space between first insulator 16 and seeond insulator 18.
A surgical device according to the present invention includes a bipolar c~ tion device which may be used to grasp and treat tissue and may further include a cutting elemP-nt to cut the treated tissue. In one embodiment of the present 15 invention, an end effector of an ele~;Ll~sulgical device includes first and second clamping elements arranged such that tissue may be clamped between the first andsecond elem~ntc. In this embodiment, the clamping elements include electrically conductive external surfaces and electrically conductive clamping surfaces wherein the external clamping surfaces are subst~nti~lly covered by a coating of electrieally 20 insulative material, the electrically insulative material being arranged such that the electric field is substantially confined between the clamping surfaces. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the insulative material covers all but a small portion of the exterior surface of the electrically conductive clamping element, leaving the clamping surface electrically eonduetive. In a further embodiment of the present 25 invention, the end effector includes a first knife channel in the first clamping surface and a second knife ehannel in the second clamping surface. In this embodiment, the 2 1 &6569 knife channel may be coated with in.c~ ting material to prevent an electrically con~ ctive knife from shorting between the first and second surfaces.
BRIEF DESCRIPI'ION OF THE DRAW~NGS
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the 10 ~c~Q~ ying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a simplified cross-section of a bipolar end effector without external in.~ tion.
Figure 2 is a simplified cross-section of a bipolar end effector utilizing compression zone technology.
Figure 3 is a simplified cross-section of one embodiment of a bipolar end effector according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is an elevated side view of a bipolar clamping, cutting and coa~ tin~ device including an end effector according to the present invention;
Figure 5 is a perspective exploded view of one embodiment of a bipolar end 2 5 effector accordi~g to the present invention.
Figure 6 is a top view of the bipolar end effector illustrated in Figure 5 as itgrasps tissue.
2 l &6s6q - Figure 7 is a perspective view of a bipolar end effector.
Figure 8 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment the end effector illustrated in Figure 7 including an insulative coating according to the presentinvention.
Figure 9 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment the end effector illustrated in Figure 7 including an insulative coating according to the present1 0 invention.
Figure 10 is a bottom view of a curved bipolar end effector jaw.
Figure 11 is a top view of a curved end effector jaw according to the present 1 5 invention.
DETAILED DESCRlPrlON OF THE INVENTION
In the simplified cross-section of an end effector according to the present invention illustrated in Figure 3, tissue 23 is grasped between first electrode 21 and second electrode 22. In end effector 10, an electrical potential or voltage is generated between electrode 21 and second electrode 22. Thus when an electrically conductive material such as organic tissue is grasped by the end effector, electrical current flows between first electrode 21 and second electrode 22. In Figure 3, insulators 26 and 28 cover subst~nti~lly all of the outer surface of first electrode 21 and second electrode 22 respectively confining a s~lbst~nti~l portion of the current path 24 to the region between first electrode 21 and second electrode 22. A small portion of the electrical current flows through tissue 23 in the region outside electrode 21 and electrode 22, 7 21 8656q co~ ting the tissue and providing the surgeon with visible evidence of co~ tion.Thus, the co~ tPd region around the outside of end effector 10 may be referred to as the feedb~cl~ region since the thermal spread in this region provides the surgeon with visible evidence of coagulation.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, insulation layer 26 covers su~st~nti~lly all of the outer surface 32 of electrode 21, leaving only a small region 29 of outer surface 32 exposed and electrically conductive. Region 29 may be referred to as an outer electrode. Insulation layer 28 covers substantially all of the outer surface 34 of electrode 22, leaving only a small region 39 of outer surface 34 exposed and electrically conductive. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, outer electrode 29 is located ~ r~nt the interface between outer surface 32 and tissue grasping surface 27.
The region ~dj~rPnt the interface between outer surface 32 and tissue grasping surface 27 may be referred to as the transition region. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, outer electrode 39 is located ~dj~oent the interface between outer surface 34 and tissue grasping surface 36. The region of outer surfaoe 34 ~dj~cent tissue grasping surface 36 may be referred to as the transition region. More generally, as used herein, the transition region refers to any portion of the jaw around the interface between the outer faoe of an electrode and the tissue grasping surfaoe. Tissue 23 conducts current between electrodes 21 and 22, generating co~ tion region 25.
Since insulators 26 and 28 do not cover the entire outer surface 32 and 34 of conductors 21 and 22 respectively, leaving outer electrodes 29 and 39, a small portion of the current will flow outside the region between grasping surfaoes 27 and 36,co~ul~ting tissue outside that region and providing visual confirmation of coagulation.
The siæ and shape of the fee~lb~rl~ region may be varied by varying the portion of outer surfaoe 32 and 34 which are not covered by insulative coating i.e. by varying the size and location of outer electrodes 29 and 39. Where neoessary, shorting may be prevented by, for example, including an island of insulation on the grasping surfaoe 27 -8- 21 8b569 or 36 of either electrode 21 or 2i to establish an insulative gap between the conductive surfaces. However, the grasped tissue will generally prevent shorting of the electrodes during tre~ment and, once the tissue is treated it may not be necessary or desirable to prevent the electrodes from shorting.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a bipolar forceps 410 according to the present invention. In bipolar forceps 410, upper jaw 416 and lower jaw 417 of end effector 412 are supported by upper wire form 414 and lower wire form 415.
Wire forms 414 and 415 also act as conductors supplying bipolar electrical energy to upper jaw 416 and lower jaw 417 respectively. Tissue stop 418 is positioned within closure tube 420. Rotation knob 422 is affixed to closure tube420 to cause rotation of closure tube 420 with respect to handle 426. Handle 426includes knife button 424, grip 428 and trigger 430. Electrical cord 434 is connected to handle 426 through strain relief 432. Trigger latch 436 is positioned on trigger 430. Handle latch shield 438 is positioned on grip 428.
Figure 5 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a bipolar end effector according to the present invention. As illustrated in Figure 5, jaw members 116 and 117 include electrodes 147 and 148 respectively, which include tissue grasping surfaces 118 and 119 respectively. Top jaw 116 and bottom jaw 117 are arranged to grasp or position tissue therebetween. Jaw members 116 and 117 include an outer electrically insulative coating 146 and 156 of, for example, a ceramic material.Closure tube 115 is adapted to close the jaws 116 and 117 together as tube 115 is advanced distally. Jaw member 116 includes a U-shaped insulator 134 formed on the inside of electrode 147. Jaw member 117 includes a U-shaped insulator 164 formedon the inside of electrode 148. The upper half 120 of groove or knife channel 143 is lined by insulator 134. The lower half 121 of groove of knife channel 143 is in~ tPd by insulator 164. Insulators 146 and 156 are arranged so that when tissue is grasped and jaws 116 and 117 are closed together, a portion of the external surface of electrodes 147 and 148 is exposed. The exposed portion of the outer surface of electrode 147 forms outer electrode 170. The exposed portion of the outer surface of electrode 148 forms outer electrode 172. Outer electrode 170 is formed in the transition region at the interface between the outer surface of electrode 147 and tissue grasping surface 118 while outer electrode 172 is formed in the transition region at the interface between the outer surface of electrode 148 and tissue grasping surface 119.
The siæ and shape of outer electrodes 170 and 172 may be adjusted by selectivelydepositing more or less insulation in the transition regions of electrodes 147 and 148 r~ ;tively. Control of the siæ and shape of the feedb~ region in treated tissue may be achieved, at least in part, by controlling the siæ and shape of the outerelectrodes, for example, by controlling the siæ and shape of outer electrodes 170 and 172. For the purposes of this application, outer electrodes may also be referred to as feedb~ or thermal spread electrodes. The distal end 144 and 145 of jaw members 116 and 117 respectively, has an inwardly angled shape. The inwardly angled distal ends 144 and 145 form a V-shaped space at the distal end jaws 116 and 117, whichassists in channeling tissue in between jaws 116 and 117.
In Figure 5, knife 122 is adapted to cut tissue by moving distally in knife channel 143 when jaws 116 and 117 are closed to grip tissue. Knife 122 includes upper knife section 123 and lower knife section 124. Upper knife section 123 includes sharpened blade 125 at the distal end of upper knife section 123. Lower knife section 124 includes sharpened blade 126 at the distal end of the lower knife section 124.
Fig. 6 is a top view of the end effector illustrated in Figure 5. In Figure 6, upper jaw 116 of end effector 610 grasps tissue 198. As electrical current flowsthrough the tissue, insulator 146 prevents current from flowing except where theelectrode is exposed (e.g. between the tissue grasping electrodes and through the outer electrodes). An area of tissue 197 surrounding the end effector is illustrated in which ~les~ tion of and/or thermal effects on the tissue may be vicll~li7~cl Region 197 may be referred to as the fee~b~ region.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a straight bipolar end effector 210 without insulation. End effector 210 comprises upper jaw electrode 216 and lower jaw electrode 217. Electrodes 216 and 217 include tissue grasping teeth 206 and 208 ec~i~/ely. Tissue grasping teeth 206 are disposed on at least a portion of uppertissue grasping surface 218. Tissue grasping teeth 208 are disposed on at least a 1 0 portion of lower tissue grasping surface 219. In the embodiments of Figure 7, grasping teeth 206 and 208 are chamfered such that outer faces 222 slant in toward the center of end effector 210. In other embodiments of the present invention, outersurface faces 222 may have a radius rather than a chamfer. In other embodiments of the present invention, outer faces 222 may be parallel to or a continuation of outer surfaces 232 and 234. In figure 7, jaws 216 and 217 include holes 280. Holes 280are interspersed along the length of jaws 216 and 217. Holes such as holes 280 pelrol,ll at least three functions in an end effector such as the end effector illustrated in Figure 7. Holes 280 may be used to observe the tissue clamped between jaws 216 and 217. Alternatively, holes 280 may be used to observe the position of a cutting 2 0 element such as the knife illustrated in Figure 5, as it moves along channel 282 when jaws 216 and 217 are closed. Holes 280 also reduce the physical and thermal mass of jaws 216 and 217. ~Pducing the thermal mass of the jaws reduces the jaws ability to absorb heat generated in the treated tissue, thus increasing coagulation speed which may, in certain circum~t~nces, improve the performance of the end effector. In the embodiment of Figure 7, U-shaped electrodes 216 and 217 have a subst~nti~lly rert~ngul~r cross section. The use of a subst~nti~lly rectangular cross section improves the structural strength of the jaws and, as a result, the clamping force which 2 ! 86569 may be applied to the jaws. The rectangular cross section of the jaw improves - shielding of a knife blade as it moves along channel 282.
Figure 8 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment of electrode 212 of 5 the end effector illustrated in Figure 7. In Figure 8, electrode 212 includes an insulative coating 220 which covers subst~n~i~lly all of the outer surface of electrode 212. Insulative coating 220 does not cover the chamfered surface 222 of teeth 206, leaving that portion of the outer surface of electrode 212 exposed and electrically conductive. Thus, in the embodiment of.the invention illustrated in Figure 8, the outer 1 0 electrode is formed from the chamfered surface of teeth 206. In a similar manner, a second outer electrode may be formed from the chamfered portion of teeth 208 in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is an enlargement of a portion of one embodiment of electrode 212 of the end effector illustrated in Figure 7. In Figure 9, electrode 212 includes aninsulative coating 230 which covers substantially all of the outer surface of electrode 212. Insulative coating 230 covers at least a portion of chamfered surface 222 of teeth 206, leaving the remainder of the chamfered surface exposed and electrically conductive. Thus, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 9, the outer 2 0 electrode is formed from the nonin~ul~ted, electrically conductive portion of chamfered surface 222. In a similar manner, a second outer electrode may be formed by in~ul~ting all but a portion of the chamfered surface 222 of teeth 208 in Figure 7.
It will be understood that the actual shape of the outer electrode will be 25 determined by selectively depositing insulation on the outer surface of an electrode such as jaws 216 and 217 and may, for example, include an embodiment wherein theouter surface of selected ones of the grasping teeth are coated or partially coated with insulation. In addition, in a further embodiment, the outer electrode may include at -12- 21 8656q least a portion of the outer surface of the clamping jaw ~ nt the tissue grasping - teeth.
Figure 10 is a bottom view of a curved bipolar end effector jaw 310 wherein chamfered surface 322 is clearly illustrated. Jaw 310 includes teeth 316 which are chamfered such that chamfered surface 322 is recessed from exterior surface 340. In the embodiment of Figure 10, teeth 316 are not recessed from interior surface 342.
Figure 11 is a top view of a curved end effector jaw. In Figure 11, electrode 512 is coated by outer insulation layer 520.
When the outside of bipolar electrode jaws are covered in an incul~ting material, the available current path is confined to the tissue touching the exposed electrode surface. This causes the tissue between the jaws to co~ tP fast. In addition, the thermal image is confined to a visibly smaller area than would be the case 1 5 with uncoated electrodes, even when current is applied well beyond the point at which coagulation is fini~hP~I Thus, the present invention is intended to create a selective region of visible co~ tion around the end effector to provide visual feedb~ck to the surgeon. In addition, by reducing the active electrode siæ, the electrical fields are focused, speeding coagulation.
A generator, not shown, provides electrosurgical energy to the bipolar electrodes. The generator is preferably an electrosurgical unit capable of providing bipolar energy. Electrical energy is delivered through wires which are coupled to the electrodes. After electrosurgical energy is applied and the tissue is electrosurgically 2 5 treated to a desired degree, a cutting element such as the knife illustrated in Figure S
may be advanced to cut the treated tissue.
21 ~f~569 While prefellcd embodirnents of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, ch~n~s, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the 5 invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument comprising:
a shaft having a distal end and a longitudinal axis;
an end effector located at the distal end of the shaft, adapted to receive bipolar energy therein, said end effector comprising:
first and second jaw elements including first and second opposed tissue contacting surfaces, said tissue contacting surfaces moveable relative to each other from an open, spaced-apart position for positioning tissue therebetween, to a closed position for grasping said tissue, at least a portion of one of saidtissue contacting surfaces comprising a first electrode, and at least a portion of one of said tissue contacting surfaces comprising second electrode which is electrically isolated from said first electrode, said first and second jaw elements further including first and second outer surfaces wherein at least a portion of said outer surface is covered by an insulative material, said insulative material covering all but a portion of said outer surfaces adjacent said first and secondelectrodes.
a shaft having a distal end and a longitudinal axis;
an end effector located at the distal end of the shaft, adapted to receive bipolar energy therein, said end effector comprising:
first and second jaw elements including first and second opposed tissue contacting surfaces, said tissue contacting surfaces moveable relative to each other from an open, spaced-apart position for positioning tissue therebetween, to a closed position for grasping said tissue, at least a portion of one of saidtissue contacting surfaces comprising a first electrode, and at least a portion of one of said tissue contacting surfaces comprising second electrode which is electrically isolated from said first electrode, said first and second jaw elements further including first and second outer surfaces wherein at least a portion of said outer surface is covered by an insulative material, said insulative material covering all but a portion of said outer surfaces adjacent said first and secondelectrodes.
2. The electrosurgical instrument of claim 1 wherein said instrument further includes a cutting element moveable between said tissue contacting surfaces to cut tissue between said tissue contacting surfaces.
3. The electrosurgical device of claim 2, wherein each of said first and second tissue contacting surfaces further comprises a proximal and distal portion, and said end effector further comprises a longitudinal axis extending proximal to distal through said end effector; and wherein said cutting element is moveable in a direction from the proximal to distal portions of said surfaces.
4. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument comprising:
an end effector located at the distal end of the instrument, adapted to receive bipolar energy, said end effector comprising:
first tissue grasping element including an electrically conductive exterior surface partially coated with an insulative coating and an electricallyconductive tissue grasping surface; and second tissue grasping element including an electrically conductive exterior surface partially coated with an insulative coating and an electricallyconductive tissue grasping surface.
an end effector located at the distal end of the instrument, adapted to receive bipolar energy, said end effector comprising:
first tissue grasping element including an electrically conductive exterior surface partially coated with an insulative coating and an electricallyconductive tissue grasping surface; and second tissue grasping element including an electrically conductive exterior surface partially coated with an insulative coating and an electricallyconductive tissue grasping surface.
5. The bipolar electrosurgical instrument of claim 4 wherein said exterior surface is not coated in the transition region between said exterior surface and said tissue grasping surface.
6. The bipolar electrosurgical instrument of claim 5 further comprising a cutting element arranged to cut tissue positioned between said first and second tissue grasping surfaces.
7. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument comprising:
an end effector located at the distal end of the instrument said end effector comprising:
first tissue grasping element including one or more outer electrodes and an electrically conductive tissue grasping surface; and second tissue grasping element including one or more outer electrodes and an electrically conductive tissue grasping surface.
an end effector located at the distal end of the instrument said end effector comprising:
first tissue grasping element including one or more outer electrodes and an electrically conductive tissue grasping surface; and second tissue grasping element including one or more outer electrodes and an electrically conductive tissue grasping surface.
8. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument according to claim 7 wherein said tissue grasping surface on said first grasping element includes electrically conductive grasping teeth.
9. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument according to claim 8 wherein said grasping teeth are partially covered by said electrical coating.
10. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument according to claim 7 wherein said tissue grasping surface on said first grasping element includes electrically conductive grasping teeth, said grasping teeth including an interior region and an exterior region, said exterior region being partially covered by said electrical coating.
11. A bipolar electrosurgical instrument according to claim 7 wherein said tissue grasping surface on said first grasping element includes electrically conductive grasping teeth, said grasping teeth including an interior region and an exterior region, said exterior region being electrically conductive.
12. An instrument adapted to coagulate tissue comprising:
a first electrode adapted to receive electrical energy of a first potential;
a second electrode spaced from said first electrode and adapted to receive electrical energy of a second potential;
a first insulative coating partially covering an outer surface of said first electrode;
a second insulative coating partially covering an outer surface of said second electrode.
a first electrode adapted to receive electrical energy of a first potential;
a second electrode spaced from said first electrode and adapted to receive electrical energy of a second potential;
a first insulative coating partially covering an outer surface of said first electrode;
a second insulative coating partially covering an outer surface of said second electrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/537,065 | 1995-09-29 | ||
| US08/537,065 USH1745H (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1995-09-29 | Electrosurgical clamping device with insulation limited bipolar electrode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2186569A1 true CA2186569A1 (en) | 1997-03-30 |
Family
ID=24141048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002186569A Abandoned CA2186569A1 (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1996-09-26 | Electrosurgical clamping device with insulation limited bipolar electrode |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | USH1745H (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0765639A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09108234A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6566796A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2186569A1 (en) |
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| JPH08509623A (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1996-10-15 | シンバイオシス・コーポレイション | Endoscopic biopsy forceps device with selective bipolar cautery |
| US5445638B1 (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1998-05-05 | Everest Medical Corp | Bipolar coagulation and cutting forceps |
| US5458598A (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-10-17 | Cabot Technology Corporation | Cutting and coagulating forceps |
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-
1995
- 1995-09-29 US US08/537,065 patent/USH1745H/en not_active Abandoned
-
1996
- 1996-09-17 AU AU65667/96A patent/AU6566796A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-26 CA CA002186569A patent/CA2186569A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-27 JP JP8275351A patent/JPH09108234A/en active Pending
- 1996-09-27 EP EP96307047A patent/EP0765639A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH09108234A (en) | 1997-04-28 |
| USH1745H (en) | 1998-08-04 |
| AU6566796A (en) | 1997-04-10 |
| EP0765639A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20000926 |