CA2192819A1 - Surgical stapling instrument and method thereof - Google Patents
Surgical stapling instrument and method thereofInfo
- Publication number
- CA2192819A1 CA2192819A1 CA002192819A CA2192819A CA2192819A1 CA 2192819 A1 CA2192819 A1 CA 2192819A1 CA 002192819 A CA002192819 A CA 002192819A CA 2192819 A CA2192819 A CA 2192819A CA 2192819 A1 CA2192819 A1 CA 2192819A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- staple
- tubular
- rod
- anvil
- tissue structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
- A61B17/1152—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation applying the staples on the outside of the lumen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
- A61B17/1155—Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
- A61B2017/00238—Type of minimally invasive operation
- A61B2017/00243—Type of minimally invasive operation cardiac
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/08—Wound clamps or clips, i.e. not or only partly penetrating the tissue ; Devices for bringing together the edges of a wound
- A61B2017/081—Tissue approximator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B2017/1103—Approximator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B2017/1107—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis for blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B2017/1135—End-to-side connections, e.g. T- or Y-connections
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
- A61F2/064—Blood vessels with special features to facilitate anastomotic coupling
Abstract
The instrument (10) comprises a rod (12) having a circumference sufficient to pass within the tubular tissue structure (20), an anvil (14) mounted on the rod (12), and a generally tubular staple cartridge (26) for containing a plurality of staples (210). The anvil (12) and a generally tubular staple cartridge (26) is sufficient to axially accommodate the tubular tissue structure (20) between the rod (12) and the inner surface of the staple cartridge (26), and sufficient to allow the stable cartridge (26) to be moved axially along the rod (12). The staple delivery end of the staple cartridge (26) is positioned toward the staple deforming means (74) of the anvil (14) and has an outer dimension small enough so that the tubular tissue structure (20) can be everted thereover.
Description
WO 9s/3s065 I~
SURGlCAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT
AND METIIOD TllEREOF
Field of th.- Inv~ ntinn The invention relates generally to surgical stapling appliances and more particularly to an improved apparatus and method for the ~ .. ,n.. surgical stapling of luminal organs, such as vascular lumens.
R-.-k~ m~ ofthe Invention - -Various hlailu.,l~ t~ are Imown in the prior art for end-to-end and end-to-side _~n. ~lic surgical stapling together of parts ofthe alimentary canal (ie., esophagus, stomach, colon, etc.). These uln~,u~a employ staple cartridges, generally in the shape of a hollow cylinder, of different sizes to a ' tubular organs of varying diameters. End-to-end and end-to-side are achieved by means of at least one ring of surgical staples.
The traditional technique for surgical stapling is to position the stapling cartridge within the tubular organ to be stapled. The cut end of the tubular organ is inverted (i.e., folded inwardly) over the annular end ofthe staple cartridge creating an inverting ~ upon stapling. An essential, ~ uh ~ t of the inverting technique is the hl~,ul ~w aLiOIl of knives within the staple cartridge housing to trim excess tissue from the, ~i.. .1;~ connection.
The prior art stapling Ulll~ b form generally circular : ~ , and have been largely limited to alimentary organs. With respect to end-to-side vascular: circular ,. rather than an elliptical Li~ ~- - ., are sometimes ~ ' l v-llL..5,~,ua as they are less PIIJ ~ -g or natural This unnatural connection may create turbulence in the blood flow as it courses through the damaging the intima (i.e., inner wall) of the blood vessel and 1~ ~ ';, it to forming blood clots.
tn the present state of the art, end-to-end and end-to-side between blood vessels have typically been - , ' ' ' by hand-sewn suturing techniques These techniques are time consuming, not as reliable as stapling, and subject to greater human error than stapling. Current stapling ;llall u~n~,llLa used for alimentary canal are not suitable, however, for vascular - due to their large sizes and wo ss/3so6s 2 1 9 2 8 1 9 . ~
inability to provide non-circular and low turbulence ~ 1 ,.. . " .s~ A typical prior art instrument has a .,;, ~.u..~ ; of alJ~Iu~-huf~Lul ~ 8 cm (3 in), far too thick to ~rrnmmf ~ coronary arteries and veins, which have ~ tll~,e:i ranging from .50 to1.0 cm and from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, ~~ v~ly An additional drawback of prior stapling hlDII u~ ltD is the inability to provide an everted (i.e., folded outwardly): An inverted vascular ~---= n--- n~:~
would expose the cut ends of the blood vessels to the vessel lumen and could lead to the formation of blood clots. For this reason, hand-sewn everted A l lA~n 1.... ' ~ for vascular are preferable, despite time and reliability drawbacks.
Accordingly, it is a generai object of the present invention to provide an improved instrument and method for vascular G' ' '1 ~" "r''' ' It is also an object of the present invention to provide a surgical stapling instrument small enough to i~u-~ f~ vascular lumens.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical stapling instrument for everted Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for surgical stapling that does not require the removal of excess tissue from the ,., IA~n 1....11;.
connection.
Still another object ofthe present invention is to provide an instrument and method for vascular that is less time-consuming and more reliable than the prior art.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a novel instrument and method for vascular - which overcomes the drawbacks of prior art designs and achieves the aforesaid advantages.
Very generally, the surgical stapling instrument of the present invention is for stapling a tubular tissue structure having at least one distal end to a luminal structure, such as a vascular lumen or another tubular tissue structure. The instrument comprises a rod having a .,;. ~ ,nce sufficient to pass within the tubular tissue structure, an anvil mounted on the rod, and a generally tubular staple cartridge for containing a plurality of staples. The anvil has an ar ay of staple deforming means theron and is of a size sufficient ~ 2 1 928 1 9 ~ W0 95/35065 r .,~ r-to pass through a sugicaliy formed opening in and to be ~ ~ . .. "" " ,J ,t~ .~ within the luminalstructure. The inner passage ofthe staple cartridge is sufficient to axially a~cr ..."..n i-~P
the tubular tissue structure between the rod and the inner surface of the staple cartridge, and sufficient to allow the staple cartridge to be moved axially along the rod. The staple delivery end of the staple cartridge is positioned toward the staple deforming means of the anvil and has an outer dimension small enough so that the tubular tissue structure can be everted thereover. A clamping mechanism secures the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent to the sugically formed opening between the staple cartridge and the anvil. A plurality of staples may then be ejected to pass through the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage the staple deforming means to deform the staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure.
D~t~ D~CArirtinn of the Drawin~F~
Referring to FIGS. I - 7, there is shown a structural . L ' of the present invention which is best suited fo m : stapling of a tubular vessel having two distal or untethered ends. As will be evidenced by the detailed description below, this ~" L ' t, i.e., distal stapler, is ideal for use during ~ ,ul~ - y bypass surgery for making the primary a~ n .. ,1 ;r connection of a bypass vein to a coronary anery or to the aorta.
Referring now to FIG. I, a portion 10 of the wholly configured distal stapler ofthe present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, comprises an elongated central rod 12 with anvil 14 mounted at its distal end 16. Anvil 14 is in the form of a circular, ellipticai or tear drop-shaped disk and is mounted, by suitable means such as welding, to the end of central rod 12 l~ thereof and at the center of the anvil. The edges of anvil 14 are beveled or otherwise generally rounded to enable anvil 14 to slip easily through incisions in vascular walls - much like a button through a button hole.
~ The central rod 12 has a ";" r Ln~ sufficient to permit the rod to axially extend through a tubular vessel, indicated in phantom at 20, to be stapled. Central rod 12 also axially extends within tubular housing 22, driver pins 24 and staple cartridge 26, together forming a contiguous shaft 28 having an inner ~,;,l r ~,.. ,e sufficient to -. r..,----...~ tubular vessel 20 b_-d-~k,-.C;I between them and central rod 12. Staple 2t92819 wo ss/3so6s . ~~
cartridge 26 has an outer ~h~.u~irt:ltll~,e suffcient to ~c~ r. everted end 34 of tubular vessel 20. Lip 36 of cartridge 26 is tapered to facilitate eversion of tubular vessel 20. Anvil 14 has ";" r tll~,e of a size equivalent to the outer c;~~,u-iir~;~t~ of staple cartridge 16.
S Ch~u~ ,c~ of vascular vessels range from .50 to 1.0 cm for coronary arteries and from 1.5 to 2.5 cm for veins. Accordingly, all ~ .ullliLltll~ , discussed above, of stapler 10 are of a size to optimally coaxially ~ - - ' the vein to bestapled.
The end of central rod 12 opposite anvil 14 is centrally mounted, preferably welded, on a cylindrical base 40 which extends coaxially within tubular housing 22 (as shown in FIG. 7 by reference number 106) and has a ~ ullif,.cll~/G sufficient to be slidable within tubular housing 22. The ~ rrl tubular vessel 20 extends along central rod 12 to cylindrical base 40. Provided on the surface of central rod 12 proximal to base 40 is ~,; u ~ tuL;al groove 44 for facilitating the securing of tubular vessel 20 to rod 12 by means of string 46. Similarly, ~,h, ~ ~.ll;dl groove 48 and string 50 are provided to secure everted end 34 of vessel 20 to staple cartridge 26. An alternative - 1,.1; of staple cartridge 26 for securing an everted vein comprises tiny hooksaround the .,;..,u..lf~ ,t at end 36 ofthe cartridge. Other suitable means for - . ' ' e the securing function may be used as well.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a cross-sectional view of stapler 10 of the present invention in the direction of arrows 2-2 of FIG. I Here, the staple delivery end 60 of a circular staple cartridge is illustrated encasing a circular array of staple delivery means or staple shafts 62. The present invention is not limited to a single staple shaft array, however. It is commonly known in the art to employ a plurality of concentric arrays or rows of staple shafts for ~n~ : procedures. Extending from staple shaft array 62, is an anray of narrow channels 68, each narrow channel ~UII~-r ~- ,, to each staple shaft. Channel array 68 is used solely for,.- -,r . ""; ."
purposes and is not a necessary element of the invention. Central rod 64 and its base 66 are axially and centrally located within the cylindrical staple cartridge 60.
FIG. 3 shows the underside view of anvil 70 in the direction of arrows 3-3 of FIG. I . The arivil 70 has an array 74 of means for deforming staples. Central rod -: 219281~
WO ~5/3~065 . . ~ /C~v~5 attachment 72 is centrally located on anvil 70 which provides an array of staple deforming means 74, comprised here of an array of recess pairs, for bending staples projected from UUI I ~ 2 array of staple shafts 62 of the staple cartridge of FIG. 2.
Depicted in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of anvil 7û in the direction of arrows 4-4 of FIG. 3. Each recess pair 76 is curved to bend staple legs radially inward.
The projected staples can be made to bend radially inward or radially outward depending on the spacing 78 between the recess of each paired recess 76. Alternatively, each recess can be positioned orthogonal to its present position to bend the staple legs at right angles to their axis of projection.
Although the present invention is primarily described and depicted as forming staple bonds that are circular and as having component v;, l '' tll~CD that are circular, other . L ' are realized for forming staple bonds having elliptical, tear drop or other generally oval .,i, vu".r~..,..ce~. Accordingly, the anvil and associated staple recess array, and the cartridge housing and associated staple shaft array of these alternative stapler PmhotlinnPntc have ";" r ~ C~ in the shape of the desired staple bond. For example, FIGS. S and 6 illustrate an anvil and staple cartridge, ..,~
having tear-drop shaped ~ e3, FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a tear-drop shaped staple cartridge.
The staple delivery end 80 of the staple cartridge is llustrated encasing a tear drop array of staple delivery means or staple shafts 82. Extending from staple shaft array 82, is an array of narrow channels 84, each narrow channel C( IU_~ to each staple shaft. Channelarray 84 is used solely for r ' ' ,, purposes and is not a necessary element of the invention. Central rod 86 and its base 88 are coaxially and centrally located within the cylindrical portion of dear drop staple cartridge 8û.
FIG. 6 shows the underside view of a tear drop shaped anvil 90. Central rod attachment 92 is centrally located on the circular portion of anvil 9û which provides an array of staple deforming means comprised of recess pairs 94 for bending staples projected from ~,u- - ~ array of staple shafts 82 of the staple cartridge of FIG. 5. =~
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown stapler 100 of the same ~___L _ ~' ' depicted in FIGS. I - 4. A tubular housing 102 coaxially contains central rod 104 and rod base 106, the end of central rod 104 opposite that of anvil 114 being suitably 21q2819 wo ss/3so6~ / v~
mounted, such as by welding, to rod base 106 (connection not shown). Threadedly mounted to and extending p~ ,ulal from rod base 106 is a short stem 108, positioned at ~7 ~ 'y haif the length of base 106. The top of stem 108 has cylindrical knob110 n_ . _17~ y mounted. Stem 108 is moveable within narrow channel 112, cut within housing 102 and rum7ing parallel to the axis travelled by central rod 104 and rod base 106.
Channel 112 limits the rotational movement of stem 108 and thereby maintains a proper radial orientation between anvil 114 and staple cartridge 116 during lC~,;7JlU~.dl;Ull.
Weldedly mounted to and protruding perpendicularly from cyiindrical face 118 of housing 102 and paralleling rod 104 is cylindricai array of staple driver pins 120, all drivers pins being identical and each having the form of a solid y~ " _ Staple cartridge 116 encases, from end to end, cylindrical array of hollow staple shafts 122 which holds a plurality of preloaded staples (not pictured). Ail shafts 122 are identical and each has height and width dimensions such that a ~,ullc~7 ul~Ji..g staple driver pin 120 is slidable therein.
In order to have an optimally functioning stapler, it is necessary to maintain a clean and clear U~la~ v~,~ for centrai rod 104, base 106 and staple shafts 122.
Accordingly, one _ ,7,o ~ of the present invention comprises a disposable cartridge which is disposed of and replaced after one ,., IA~ . stapling. Another ClU7V ~ ' provides a slidable sleeve around the driver pin array to prevent blood and tissue from ~0 getting caught therein.
For ~ to be successful, it is imperative not to injure the living tissue being stapled by u ~ ~,. Cu.ll~l C ~ ~hlg it between anvil 114 and staple cartridge 116 or by a staple bond that is ~,Acc.~di.~ tight. Accordingly, u ~ , c~:,;u.. of the tissue is prevented in the present invention by limiting the length of driver pins 118. Other - - 7.ùJ , ~ are known in the prior art for ~.. ;.I ~.;.,g this objective. For eAample, U.S. Patent No. 4,575,468 employs mutually coacting stops located on the inner surface of a tubular housing and on the surface of a coaxial rod to provide variable degrees of ~r~ between tissues to be stapled so as to ensure against u . _.CUlll~ Jn of the tissue. A spring-loaded ~ between the rod and tubular housing is also 30 applicable for the present invention. Other means suitable for this purpose will be aparent to those having ordinary skill in the art.
., 219281~
wo ss/3so6s E.~
Finally, FIG. 7 illustrates threaded end 124 of rod base 106 which extends beyond the length of housing 102 to threadedly engage with cylindrical nut 126 which has internally threaded Lh~UL~ vult 120 extending the full length of cylindrical nut 126 to allow end 124 to exit Lll.,.~LI-lou~,.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the mechanical interaction between the staple driver, staple cartridge and anvil upon, ,,av FIG. 8 illustrates staple driver array 200 mounted on face 202 of tubular housing 204 slidably engaged within staple shaft array 206 of staple cartridge 208. Staple array 210 is projected from staple cartridge 208 and through the tissues to be stapled (not shown). FIG. 9 shows a close-up of a staple being driven by driver pin 252 and prûjecting through cartridge 254 through tissues 256 and 2~8. The legs 260 and 262 of staple 250 then engage with and bend along the curved recesses 264 and 266, respectively, of anvil 268 to form a bond between tissues 256 and 258.
Referring now to FIGS. 10 - 161 with like numbers referring to like elements, there is illustrated the steps ofthe ~ n.. ~ l;r. procedure using the structural L ' described above. Now referring to FIG. 10 specifically, the: ~;1 h_..ded endof rod base 302 is inserted into transected vein 304 having a length in the range of 10 - 18 crn (4 -7 inches). End 308 (the end to be stapled) of vein 304 is positioned proximate to anvil 306. Opposing end 310 of vein 304 is tied with string 312 to central rod 314 at a 1~ r tuL;~I depression (not shown) proximate to base 302.
FIG. I l shows the step of inserting central rod 314 with attached vein 304 into staple cartridge 318 and tubular housing 316 such that staple cartridge 318 is proximate to anvil 306. FIG. 12 illustrates the next several steps ofthe method ofthe present invention which can be performed in any order. The end of vein 304 is everted over staple cartridge 318 and tied with string 320 securing it to staple cartridge 318 (covered by vein 304). Threaded stem 322 of cylindrical knob 324 is threadedly engaged with a threaded bore (not shown) base 302, the bore being aligned with narrow channel 326. Cylindrical nut 328 is threadedly engaged with the threaded end 300. As indicated in FIG 13, anvil 306 is positioned within lumen 330 of vascular artery 332 via incision 334.
A cross-section of a portion of vein 304 is shown everted over the staple delivery end of staple cartridge 318.
wo 95/35065 i ~ ~
In FIG. 14, central rod 314 (not visible) and rod base 302 (not visible) are optimally coaxialiy positioned within tubular housing 3 i 6 by means of sliding knob 324 along channel 326 toward vascular artery 332. Nut 328 is rotated in a clockwise direction to engage it with tubular housing 316 causing rod base 302 to become rigidly S ~,ull~lwL~d with nut 328. As the clockwise turning continues, rod base 302 is drawn through the bore in nut 328, bringing the staple cartridge 336 and anvil 306 within artery 332 together. An ' ' employing mutually coacting stops (not shown) would, at this point, be at the first coacting position or the "loaded~ position. The clockwise motion is continued so that everted vein 304 engages with the wall of artery 332 and until the staple drivers (not visible) are actuated, driving the staples (not visible) through the tissues to create a bond 338 (FIG. 15). If mutually coacting stops are employed, the ..~,..~,..,.1;.... would be in the "firing" position.
Finally, FIG. 16 illustrates heart 350 having aorta 352, pulmonary artery 354, right atrium 356, right ventricle 358,1efi ventricle 360, left atrial appendage 362, right coronary artery 364, left anterior descending artery 368, and diagonai artery 370.
Here, vein 304 has been sl ~n ~.n. .l ;. ~.lly stapled to left anterior descending artery 368.
To complete the ana ~Lic procedure of the bypass vein 304, the unstapled end ofthe ' vein 304 must now be connected to aorta 352.
However, another structural L '~ of the present invention, referred to as the "proximal" stapler, is needed since the L ' described above, i.e., the "distal"
stapler, requires the vein to have two distal or untethered ends. Accordingly, FIGS. 17 -28 describe a structure and method thereof for a second L ' of the present invention which is suited for the " " cll " ,.. .l ;, . stapling of a tubular vessel having oniy one distal end, the other end having already been "y stapled.
Referring now to FIGS. 17 - 19, with like numbers referencing like elements, there is shown _ stapler 400 having handle 402 with elongated vessel rod 404 and elongated driver rod 406 mounted p.,. ,u~ kll ly to handle face 408 and parallel to each other, both being of.~ u~hl.~L~ the same length. Vessel rod 404 has a centrally mounted generally circular anvil 410. Vessel rod 404 has a ~,h ~,u..lf~ ,c sufficient to coaxiaily anc~ A~ ~ r a tubular vessel (not shown) to be stapled to the wo 95/3s065 P~ ~
norta. Driver rod 406, having threaded end 412 and handle 414, extends through bore 416 of handle 402.
Stapler 400 aiso comprises staple cartridge 418, eniarged in FIG. 18 for purposes of describing its detail. Referring then to FIG. 18, there is shown the staple cartridge of FIG. 17 in its open position having top and bottom units 420 and 422l ~c~L.~,.Li~ . Units 420 and 422 are engaged at one side by hinge 424 which allows cartridge 418 to be opened and closed. Staple cartridge 418 has two parallel bores 426 and 428 with inner ~,hcu.~fi,.~ sufficient to coaxially arcommf ' vessel rod 404with a coaxially ~ - ' ' vein (not shown) and driver rod 406"c~ L~ . Staple delivery end 430 extends from staple cartridge 418 along the axis of bore 426 tothe everted end of a vein to be stapled. Bore 428 is internally threaded to be threadedly engagable with driver rod end 412.
For a proper fit between units 420 and 422, a detent-recess pair is provided having detent 432 extending firom inner surface 434 of top unit 420 which mates with recess 436 within inner surface 438 of bottom unit 422. To secure closing, a curved clip 440 is provided to fit around cylindrical casing 442 of bore 428.
When in a closed position, staple cartridge 418 has cylindrical staple delivery means or staple shaft array (not shown) encased in staple delivery end 430 which mates with cylindrical driver pin array 444 mounted on driver 446. Both the hollow shafts 20 and the solid driver pins have height and width ~;.~ -c,~ that allow them to be slidably engageable with each other. Driver 446 is slidable along surface 448 of top unit 420 and surface 450 of bottom unit 422 to the point of ~ ~ with shoulder 452 of top unit 420 upon which driver pin array 444 becomes engaged within the staple shaft array, projecting preloaded staples from the end of staple delivery end 430. Shoulder 452 limits the . ~ ~ of driver pin array 444 so that the tissue being stapled is notU ~ .. CUll .lJl ~,...._ i. l~ f -" l ' ~' ...~; " - of the this ' 5 ~ pnr can employ nnutually coacting stops or spring-loaded type, ~,, between the driver and staple cartridge to prevent against u~-~cu~ on ofthe tissue.
FIG. 19 shows a front view of staple cartridge 418 in its closed position wjth top unit 420 engaged with bottom unit 422. Clip 440 secureiy fits around cylindrical wo s5/3s065 P~~
casing 442. Staple deforming end or staple shaft array 454 is shown on the face of staple delivery end 430.
FIGS. 20 - 28, with like numbers referencing like elements, depict the various steps of the ,. "~ procedure using the structural c:...l,o ' in FIGS. 17 -19 described above. Referring now to FIG. 20, vessel rod 500 is inserted through aorta 502 of heart 504 via incisions 506 and 508 on opposing walls of aorta 502 such that anvil 510 is centrally positioned within aorta 502.
In FIG. 21, the end of vessel rod 500 is then inserted into the distal end of vein 512 with anvil 510 still centrally positioned within aorta 502. Next, as shown in FIG.
22, vessel rod 500 with ' I vein 512 is positioned within the l,u~ r ' "
bore 514 in open staple cartridge 516. Rod 5û0 and vein 512 should be positioned such that a sufficient length of distal end 518 of vein 512 extends beyond the end of cartridge 516 such that distal end 518 can be everted over cylindrical sleeve 520 of cartridge 516 (See FIG. 23). Once vein 512 has been optimally positioned, staple cartridge 516 is clamped around it and secured with clip 522, illustrated in FIG. 24. Now, distal end 518 of vein 512 is everted over sleeve 520 and is securely tied with string 524.
Referring now to FIG. 25, driver rod 526 is slid into bore 528 of handle 530 and then threadedly engaged with bore 532 of staple cartridge 516. FIG. 26 shows a close-up of staple cartridge 516 as it appears in its closed position.
Moving now to FIG. 27, there is shown driver handle 534 rotated in a clockwise direction, bringing together anvil 510 and cylindrical sleeve 520. The clockwise rotation is continued until the aorta wall 502 is engaged with the distal end 518 of vein 512 upon which the staple driver pins (not visible) are fully engaged within each of the Cull~ staple shafts (not visible), driving the staples (not visible) through theengaged tissue to create ~ . bond 536 between aorta 502 and vein 512 (See FIG.
28).
It will be understood that the foregoing is only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and that various ~ fi~ tion~ can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, the particular stapler structural Cul~ dLiO".~ shown are not critical and other 5,, can be used if desired. One possible alternative for the ~ ;.. illustrated in FlG. 17 wo 9513s065 is to have a vessel rod that is retractable (e.g., by means of a telescoping rod). In addition, the vessel rod of this alternative embodiment can be curved to facilitate the ~ n . .1;~
procedure if necessary. Also, the structure and method of the present invention can be employed ll,u~
SURGlCAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT
AND METIIOD TllEREOF
Field of th.- Inv~ ntinn The invention relates generally to surgical stapling appliances and more particularly to an improved apparatus and method for the ~ .. ,n.. surgical stapling of luminal organs, such as vascular lumens.
R-.-k~ m~ ofthe Invention - -Various hlailu.,l~ t~ are Imown in the prior art for end-to-end and end-to-side _~n. ~lic surgical stapling together of parts ofthe alimentary canal (ie., esophagus, stomach, colon, etc.). These uln~,u~a employ staple cartridges, generally in the shape of a hollow cylinder, of different sizes to a ' tubular organs of varying diameters. End-to-end and end-to-side are achieved by means of at least one ring of surgical staples.
The traditional technique for surgical stapling is to position the stapling cartridge within the tubular organ to be stapled. The cut end of the tubular organ is inverted (i.e., folded inwardly) over the annular end ofthe staple cartridge creating an inverting ~ upon stapling. An essential, ~ uh ~ t of the inverting technique is the hl~,ul ~w aLiOIl of knives within the staple cartridge housing to trim excess tissue from the, ~i.. .1;~ connection.
The prior art stapling Ulll~ b form generally circular : ~ , and have been largely limited to alimentary organs. With respect to end-to-side vascular: circular ,. rather than an elliptical Li~ ~- - ., are sometimes ~ ' l v-llL..5,~,ua as they are less PIIJ ~ -g or natural This unnatural connection may create turbulence in the blood flow as it courses through the damaging the intima (i.e., inner wall) of the blood vessel and 1~ ~ ';, it to forming blood clots.
tn the present state of the art, end-to-end and end-to-side between blood vessels have typically been - , ' ' ' by hand-sewn suturing techniques These techniques are time consuming, not as reliable as stapling, and subject to greater human error than stapling. Current stapling ;llall u~n~,llLa used for alimentary canal are not suitable, however, for vascular - due to their large sizes and wo ss/3so6s 2 1 9 2 8 1 9 . ~
inability to provide non-circular and low turbulence ~ 1 ,.. . " .s~ A typical prior art instrument has a .,;, ~.u..~ ; of alJ~Iu~-huf~Lul ~ 8 cm (3 in), far too thick to ~rrnmmf ~ coronary arteries and veins, which have ~ tll~,e:i ranging from .50 to1.0 cm and from 1.5 to 2.5 cm, ~~ v~ly An additional drawback of prior stapling hlDII u~ ltD is the inability to provide an everted (i.e., folded outwardly): An inverted vascular ~---= n--- n~:~
would expose the cut ends of the blood vessels to the vessel lumen and could lead to the formation of blood clots. For this reason, hand-sewn everted A l lA~n 1.... ' ~ for vascular are preferable, despite time and reliability drawbacks.
Accordingly, it is a generai object of the present invention to provide an improved instrument and method for vascular G' ' '1 ~" "r''' ' It is also an object of the present invention to provide a surgical stapling instrument small enough to i~u-~ f~ vascular lumens.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a surgical stapling instrument for everted Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for surgical stapling that does not require the removal of excess tissue from the ,., IA~n 1....11;.
connection.
Still another object ofthe present invention is to provide an instrument and method for vascular that is less time-consuming and more reliable than the prior art.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a novel instrument and method for vascular - which overcomes the drawbacks of prior art designs and achieves the aforesaid advantages.
Very generally, the surgical stapling instrument of the present invention is for stapling a tubular tissue structure having at least one distal end to a luminal structure, such as a vascular lumen or another tubular tissue structure. The instrument comprises a rod having a .,;. ~ ,nce sufficient to pass within the tubular tissue structure, an anvil mounted on the rod, and a generally tubular staple cartridge for containing a plurality of staples. The anvil has an ar ay of staple deforming means theron and is of a size sufficient ~ 2 1 928 1 9 ~ W0 95/35065 r .,~ r-to pass through a sugicaliy formed opening in and to be ~ ~ . .. "" " ,J ,t~ .~ within the luminalstructure. The inner passage ofthe staple cartridge is sufficient to axially a~cr ..."..n i-~P
the tubular tissue structure between the rod and the inner surface of the staple cartridge, and sufficient to allow the staple cartridge to be moved axially along the rod. The staple delivery end of the staple cartridge is positioned toward the staple deforming means of the anvil and has an outer dimension small enough so that the tubular tissue structure can be everted thereover. A clamping mechanism secures the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent to the sugically formed opening between the staple cartridge and the anvil. A plurality of staples may then be ejected to pass through the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage the staple deforming means to deform the staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure.
D~t~ D~CArirtinn of the Drawin~F~
Referring to FIGS. I - 7, there is shown a structural . L ' of the present invention which is best suited fo m : stapling of a tubular vessel having two distal or untethered ends. As will be evidenced by the detailed description below, this ~" L ' t, i.e., distal stapler, is ideal for use during ~ ,ul~ - y bypass surgery for making the primary a~ n .. ,1 ;r connection of a bypass vein to a coronary anery or to the aorta.
Referring now to FIG. I, a portion 10 of the wholly configured distal stapler ofthe present invention, as shown in FIG. 7, comprises an elongated central rod 12 with anvil 14 mounted at its distal end 16. Anvil 14 is in the form of a circular, ellipticai or tear drop-shaped disk and is mounted, by suitable means such as welding, to the end of central rod 12 l~ thereof and at the center of the anvil. The edges of anvil 14 are beveled or otherwise generally rounded to enable anvil 14 to slip easily through incisions in vascular walls - much like a button through a button hole.
~ The central rod 12 has a ";" r Ln~ sufficient to permit the rod to axially extend through a tubular vessel, indicated in phantom at 20, to be stapled. Central rod 12 also axially extends within tubular housing 22, driver pins 24 and staple cartridge 26, together forming a contiguous shaft 28 having an inner ~,;,l r ~,.. ,e sufficient to -. r..,----...~ tubular vessel 20 b_-d-~k,-.C;I between them and central rod 12. Staple 2t92819 wo ss/3so6s . ~~
cartridge 26 has an outer ~h~.u~irt:ltll~,e suffcient to ~c~ r. everted end 34 of tubular vessel 20. Lip 36 of cartridge 26 is tapered to facilitate eversion of tubular vessel 20. Anvil 14 has ";" r tll~,e of a size equivalent to the outer c;~~,u-iir~;~t~ of staple cartridge 16.
S Ch~u~ ,c~ of vascular vessels range from .50 to 1.0 cm for coronary arteries and from 1.5 to 2.5 cm for veins. Accordingly, all ~ .ullliLltll~ , discussed above, of stapler 10 are of a size to optimally coaxially ~ - - ' the vein to bestapled.
The end of central rod 12 opposite anvil 14 is centrally mounted, preferably welded, on a cylindrical base 40 which extends coaxially within tubular housing 22 (as shown in FIG. 7 by reference number 106) and has a ~ ullif,.cll~/G sufficient to be slidable within tubular housing 22. The ~ rrl tubular vessel 20 extends along central rod 12 to cylindrical base 40. Provided on the surface of central rod 12 proximal to base 40 is ~,; u ~ tuL;al groove 44 for facilitating the securing of tubular vessel 20 to rod 12 by means of string 46. Similarly, ~,h, ~ ~.ll;dl groove 48 and string 50 are provided to secure everted end 34 of vessel 20 to staple cartridge 26. An alternative - 1,.1; of staple cartridge 26 for securing an everted vein comprises tiny hooksaround the .,;..,u..lf~ ,t at end 36 ofthe cartridge. Other suitable means for - . ' ' e the securing function may be used as well.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a cross-sectional view of stapler 10 of the present invention in the direction of arrows 2-2 of FIG. I Here, the staple delivery end 60 of a circular staple cartridge is illustrated encasing a circular array of staple delivery means or staple shafts 62. The present invention is not limited to a single staple shaft array, however. It is commonly known in the art to employ a plurality of concentric arrays or rows of staple shafts for ~n~ : procedures. Extending from staple shaft array 62, is an anray of narrow channels 68, each narrow channel ~UII~-r ~- ,, to each staple shaft. Channel array 68 is used solely for,.- -,r . ""; ."
purposes and is not a necessary element of the invention. Central rod 64 and its base 66 are axially and centrally located within the cylindrical staple cartridge 60.
FIG. 3 shows the underside view of anvil 70 in the direction of arrows 3-3 of FIG. I . The arivil 70 has an array 74 of means for deforming staples. Central rod -: 219281~
WO ~5/3~065 . . ~ /C~v~5 attachment 72 is centrally located on anvil 70 which provides an array of staple deforming means 74, comprised here of an array of recess pairs, for bending staples projected from UUI I ~ 2 array of staple shafts 62 of the staple cartridge of FIG. 2.
Depicted in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of anvil 7û in the direction of arrows 4-4 of FIG. 3. Each recess pair 76 is curved to bend staple legs radially inward.
The projected staples can be made to bend radially inward or radially outward depending on the spacing 78 between the recess of each paired recess 76. Alternatively, each recess can be positioned orthogonal to its present position to bend the staple legs at right angles to their axis of projection.
Although the present invention is primarily described and depicted as forming staple bonds that are circular and as having component v;, l '' tll~CD that are circular, other . L ' are realized for forming staple bonds having elliptical, tear drop or other generally oval .,i, vu".r~..,..ce~. Accordingly, the anvil and associated staple recess array, and the cartridge housing and associated staple shaft array of these alternative stapler PmhotlinnPntc have ";" r ~ C~ in the shape of the desired staple bond. For example, FIGS. S and 6 illustrate an anvil and staple cartridge, ..,~
having tear-drop shaped ~ e3, FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a tear-drop shaped staple cartridge.
The staple delivery end 80 of the staple cartridge is llustrated encasing a tear drop array of staple delivery means or staple shafts 82. Extending from staple shaft array 82, is an array of narrow channels 84, each narrow channel C( IU_~ to each staple shaft. Channelarray 84 is used solely for r ' ' ,, purposes and is not a necessary element of the invention. Central rod 86 and its base 88 are coaxially and centrally located within the cylindrical portion of dear drop staple cartridge 8û.
FIG. 6 shows the underside view of a tear drop shaped anvil 90. Central rod attachment 92 is centrally located on the circular portion of anvil 9û which provides an array of staple deforming means comprised of recess pairs 94 for bending staples projected from ~,u- - ~ array of staple shafts 82 of the staple cartridge of FIG. 5. =~
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown stapler 100 of the same ~___L _ ~' ' depicted in FIGS. I - 4. A tubular housing 102 coaxially contains central rod 104 and rod base 106, the end of central rod 104 opposite that of anvil 114 being suitably 21q2819 wo ss/3so6~ / v~
mounted, such as by welding, to rod base 106 (connection not shown). Threadedly mounted to and extending p~ ,ulal from rod base 106 is a short stem 108, positioned at ~7 ~ 'y haif the length of base 106. The top of stem 108 has cylindrical knob110 n_ . _17~ y mounted. Stem 108 is moveable within narrow channel 112, cut within housing 102 and rum7ing parallel to the axis travelled by central rod 104 and rod base 106.
Channel 112 limits the rotational movement of stem 108 and thereby maintains a proper radial orientation between anvil 114 and staple cartridge 116 during lC~,;7JlU~.dl;Ull.
Weldedly mounted to and protruding perpendicularly from cyiindrical face 118 of housing 102 and paralleling rod 104 is cylindricai array of staple driver pins 120, all drivers pins being identical and each having the form of a solid y~ " _ Staple cartridge 116 encases, from end to end, cylindrical array of hollow staple shafts 122 which holds a plurality of preloaded staples (not pictured). Ail shafts 122 are identical and each has height and width dimensions such that a ~,ullc~7 ul~Ji..g staple driver pin 120 is slidable therein.
In order to have an optimally functioning stapler, it is necessary to maintain a clean and clear U~la~ v~,~ for centrai rod 104, base 106 and staple shafts 122.
Accordingly, one _ ,7,o ~ of the present invention comprises a disposable cartridge which is disposed of and replaced after one ,., IA~ . stapling. Another ClU7V ~ ' provides a slidable sleeve around the driver pin array to prevent blood and tissue from ~0 getting caught therein.
For ~ to be successful, it is imperative not to injure the living tissue being stapled by u ~ ~,. Cu.ll~l C ~ ~hlg it between anvil 114 and staple cartridge 116 or by a staple bond that is ~,Acc.~di.~ tight. Accordingly, u ~ , c~:,;u.. of the tissue is prevented in the present invention by limiting the length of driver pins 118. Other - - 7.ùJ , ~ are known in the prior art for ~.. ;.I ~.;.,g this objective. For eAample, U.S. Patent No. 4,575,468 employs mutually coacting stops located on the inner surface of a tubular housing and on the surface of a coaxial rod to provide variable degrees of ~r~ between tissues to be stapled so as to ensure against u . _.CUlll~ Jn of the tissue. A spring-loaded ~ between the rod and tubular housing is also 30 applicable for the present invention. Other means suitable for this purpose will be aparent to those having ordinary skill in the art.
., 219281~
wo ss/3so6s E.~
Finally, FIG. 7 illustrates threaded end 124 of rod base 106 which extends beyond the length of housing 102 to threadedly engage with cylindrical nut 126 which has internally threaded Lh~UL~ vult 120 extending the full length of cylindrical nut 126 to allow end 124 to exit Lll.,.~LI-lou~,.
FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the mechanical interaction between the staple driver, staple cartridge and anvil upon, ,,av FIG. 8 illustrates staple driver array 200 mounted on face 202 of tubular housing 204 slidably engaged within staple shaft array 206 of staple cartridge 208. Staple array 210 is projected from staple cartridge 208 and through the tissues to be stapled (not shown). FIG. 9 shows a close-up of a staple being driven by driver pin 252 and prûjecting through cartridge 254 through tissues 256 and 2~8. The legs 260 and 262 of staple 250 then engage with and bend along the curved recesses 264 and 266, respectively, of anvil 268 to form a bond between tissues 256 and 258.
Referring now to FIGS. 10 - 161 with like numbers referring to like elements, there is illustrated the steps ofthe ~ n.. ~ l;r. procedure using the structural L ' described above. Now referring to FIG. 10 specifically, the: ~;1 h_..ded endof rod base 302 is inserted into transected vein 304 having a length in the range of 10 - 18 crn (4 -7 inches). End 308 (the end to be stapled) of vein 304 is positioned proximate to anvil 306. Opposing end 310 of vein 304 is tied with string 312 to central rod 314 at a 1~ r tuL;~I depression (not shown) proximate to base 302.
FIG. I l shows the step of inserting central rod 314 with attached vein 304 into staple cartridge 318 and tubular housing 316 such that staple cartridge 318 is proximate to anvil 306. FIG. 12 illustrates the next several steps ofthe method ofthe present invention which can be performed in any order. The end of vein 304 is everted over staple cartridge 318 and tied with string 320 securing it to staple cartridge 318 (covered by vein 304). Threaded stem 322 of cylindrical knob 324 is threadedly engaged with a threaded bore (not shown) base 302, the bore being aligned with narrow channel 326. Cylindrical nut 328 is threadedly engaged with the threaded end 300. As indicated in FIG 13, anvil 306 is positioned within lumen 330 of vascular artery 332 via incision 334.
A cross-section of a portion of vein 304 is shown everted over the staple delivery end of staple cartridge 318.
wo 95/35065 i ~ ~
In FIG. 14, central rod 314 (not visible) and rod base 302 (not visible) are optimally coaxialiy positioned within tubular housing 3 i 6 by means of sliding knob 324 along channel 326 toward vascular artery 332. Nut 328 is rotated in a clockwise direction to engage it with tubular housing 316 causing rod base 302 to become rigidly S ~,ull~lwL~d with nut 328. As the clockwise turning continues, rod base 302 is drawn through the bore in nut 328, bringing the staple cartridge 336 and anvil 306 within artery 332 together. An ' ' employing mutually coacting stops (not shown) would, at this point, be at the first coacting position or the "loaded~ position. The clockwise motion is continued so that everted vein 304 engages with the wall of artery 332 and until the staple drivers (not visible) are actuated, driving the staples (not visible) through the tissues to create a bond 338 (FIG. 15). If mutually coacting stops are employed, the ..~,..~,..,.1;.... would be in the "firing" position.
Finally, FIG. 16 illustrates heart 350 having aorta 352, pulmonary artery 354, right atrium 356, right ventricle 358,1efi ventricle 360, left atrial appendage 362, right coronary artery 364, left anterior descending artery 368, and diagonai artery 370.
Here, vein 304 has been sl ~n ~.n. .l ;. ~.lly stapled to left anterior descending artery 368.
To complete the ana ~Lic procedure of the bypass vein 304, the unstapled end ofthe ' vein 304 must now be connected to aorta 352.
However, another structural L '~ of the present invention, referred to as the "proximal" stapler, is needed since the L ' described above, i.e., the "distal"
stapler, requires the vein to have two distal or untethered ends. Accordingly, FIGS. 17 -28 describe a structure and method thereof for a second L ' of the present invention which is suited for the " " cll " ,.. .l ;, . stapling of a tubular vessel having oniy one distal end, the other end having already been "y stapled.
Referring now to FIGS. 17 - 19, with like numbers referencing like elements, there is shown _ stapler 400 having handle 402 with elongated vessel rod 404 and elongated driver rod 406 mounted p.,. ,u~ kll ly to handle face 408 and parallel to each other, both being of.~ u~hl.~L~ the same length. Vessel rod 404 has a centrally mounted generally circular anvil 410. Vessel rod 404 has a ~,h ~,u..lf~ ,c sufficient to coaxiaily anc~ A~ ~ r a tubular vessel (not shown) to be stapled to the wo 95/3s065 P~ ~
norta. Driver rod 406, having threaded end 412 and handle 414, extends through bore 416 of handle 402.
Stapler 400 aiso comprises staple cartridge 418, eniarged in FIG. 18 for purposes of describing its detail. Referring then to FIG. 18, there is shown the staple cartridge of FIG. 17 in its open position having top and bottom units 420 and 422l ~c~L.~,.Li~ . Units 420 and 422 are engaged at one side by hinge 424 which allows cartridge 418 to be opened and closed. Staple cartridge 418 has two parallel bores 426 and 428 with inner ~,hcu.~fi,.~ sufficient to coaxially arcommf ' vessel rod 404with a coaxially ~ - ' ' vein (not shown) and driver rod 406"c~ L~ . Staple delivery end 430 extends from staple cartridge 418 along the axis of bore 426 tothe everted end of a vein to be stapled. Bore 428 is internally threaded to be threadedly engagable with driver rod end 412.
For a proper fit between units 420 and 422, a detent-recess pair is provided having detent 432 extending firom inner surface 434 of top unit 420 which mates with recess 436 within inner surface 438 of bottom unit 422. To secure closing, a curved clip 440 is provided to fit around cylindrical casing 442 of bore 428.
When in a closed position, staple cartridge 418 has cylindrical staple delivery means or staple shaft array (not shown) encased in staple delivery end 430 which mates with cylindrical driver pin array 444 mounted on driver 446. Both the hollow shafts 20 and the solid driver pins have height and width ~;.~ -c,~ that allow them to be slidably engageable with each other. Driver 446 is slidable along surface 448 of top unit 420 and surface 450 of bottom unit 422 to the point of ~ ~ with shoulder 452 of top unit 420 upon which driver pin array 444 becomes engaged within the staple shaft array, projecting preloaded staples from the end of staple delivery end 430. Shoulder 452 limits the . ~ ~ of driver pin array 444 so that the tissue being stapled is notU ~ .. CUll .lJl ~,...._ i. l~ f -" l ' ~' ...~; " - of the this ' 5 ~ pnr can employ nnutually coacting stops or spring-loaded type, ~,, between the driver and staple cartridge to prevent against u~-~cu~ on ofthe tissue.
FIG. 19 shows a front view of staple cartridge 418 in its closed position wjth top unit 420 engaged with bottom unit 422. Clip 440 secureiy fits around cylindrical wo s5/3s065 P~~
casing 442. Staple deforming end or staple shaft array 454 is shown on the face of staple delivery end 430.
FIGS. 20 - 28, with like numbers referencing like elements, depict the various steps of the ,. "~ procedure using the structural c:...l,o ' in FIGS. 17 -19 described above. Referring now to FIG. 20, vessel rod 500 is inserted through aorta 502 of heart 504 via incisions 506 and 508 on opposing walls of aorta 502 such that anvil 510 is centrally positioned within aorta 502.
In FIG. 21, the end of vessel rod 500 is then inserted into the distal end of vein 512 with anvil 510 still centrally positioned within aorta 502. Next, as shown in FIG.
22, vessel rod 500 with ' I vein 512 is positioned within the l,u~ r ' "
bore 514 in open staple cartridge 516. Rod 5û0 and vein 512 should be positioned such that a sufficient length of distal end 518 of vein 512 extends beyond the end of cartridge 516 such that distal end 518 can be everted over cylindrical sleeve 520 of cartridge 516 (See FIG. 23). Once vein 512 has been optimally positioned, staple cartridge 516 is clamped around it and secured with clip 522, illustrated in FIG. 24. Now, distal end 518 of vein 512 is everted over sleeve 520 and is securely tied with string 524.
Referring now to FIG. 25, driver rod 526 is slid into bore 528 of handle 530 and then threadedly engaged with bore 532 of staple cartridge 516. FIG. 26 shows a close-up of staple cartridge 516 as it appears in its closed position.
Moving now to FIG. 27, there is shown driver handle 534 rotated in a clockwise direction, bringing together anvil 510 and cylindrical sleeve 520. The clockwise rotation is continued until the aorta wall 502 is engaged with the distal end 518 of vein 512 upon which the staple driver pins (not visible) are fully engaged within each of the Cull~ staple shafts (not visible), driving the staples (not visible) through theengaged tissue to create ~ . bond 536 between aorta 502 and vein 512 (See FIG.
28).
It will be understood that the foregoing is only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and that various ~ fi~ tion~ can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, the particular stapler structural Cul~ dLiO".~ shown are not critical and other 5,, can be used if desired. One possible alternative for the ~ ;.. illustrated in FlG. 17 wo 9513s065 is to have a vessel rod that is retractable (e.g., by means of a telescoping rod). In addition, the vessel rod of this alternative embodiment can be curved to facilitate the ~ n . .1;~
procedure if necessary. Also, the structure and method of the present invention can be employed ll,u~
Claims (10)
1. A surgical stapling instrument for stapling a tubular tissue structure having at least one distal end to a luminal structure such as a vascular lumen or another tubular tissue structure, comprising: a rod having a circumference sufficient to pass within the tubular tissue structure; an anvil mounted on said rod, said anvil having an array of staple deforming means theron and having a size sufficient to pass through a surgically formed opening in and to be accommodated within the luminal structure; a generally tubular staple cartridge containing a plurality of staples and having an inner passage sufficient to axially accommodate the tubular tissue structure between said rod and the inner surface of said staple cartridge and sufficient to be movable axially with respect to said rod, and having a staple delivery end having an outer dimension small enough so that the tubular tissue structure can be everted over said staple delivery end of said staple cartridge, said staple delivery end being positioned toward said array of staple deforming means; means for clamping the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent to the surgically formed opening between said staple cartridge and said anvil; and means for ejecting said plurality of staples through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said staple deforming means on said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure.
2. The instrument of Claim 1, wherein said means for clamping comprises means for variably positioning said tubular staple cartridge axially along said rod such that stapling is optimized.
3. The instrument of Claim 1, wherein said means for ejecting comprises means for driving said plurality of staples through said staple cartridge.
4. A surgical stapling instrument for stapling a tubular tissue structure to a vascular lumen, comprising: a rod having an anvil distally mounted on one end of said rod, said rod having a circumference sufficient to pass within the tubular tissue structure and said anvil having an array of staple deforming means theron and having a size sufficient to pass through a surgically formed opening in, and to be accommodated within the luminal structure; a generally tubular staple cartridge containing a plurality of staples and having an inner passage sufficient to axially accommodate the tubular tissue structure between said rod and the inner surface of said staple cartridge and sufficient to be movable axially with respect to said rod, and having a staple delivery end having an array of staple delivery means and having an outer dimension small enough so that the tubular tissue structure can be everted over said staple deforming end of said staple cartridge, said staple delivery end being positioned toward said array of staple deforming means; means for clamping the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent said surgically formed opening between said staple cartridge and said anvil; and means for ejecting said plurality of staples from said staple delivery means and through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said staple deforming means on said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the limininal structure.
5. The instrument of Claim 4 wherein said array of staple deforming means and said array of staple delivery means are tear drop shape.
6. A surgical stapling instrument for stapling a tubular tissue structure to a vascular lumen, comprising: a rod having an anvil centrally mounted to said rod, said rod having a circumference sufficient to pass within the tubular tissue structure, and said anvil having an array of staple deforming means theron and having a size sufficient to pass through a surgically formed opening in the luminal structure; a generally tubular staple cartridge containing a plurality of staples and having an inner passage sufficient to axially accommodate the tubular tissue structure between said rod and the inner surface of said staple cartridge and sufficient to be movable axially with respect to said rod, and having a staple delivery end having an array of staple delivery means and having an outer dimension small enough so that the tubular tissue structure can be everted over said staple delivery end of said staple cartridge, said staple delivery end being positioned toward said array of staple deforming means; means for clamping said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent said surgically formed opening between said staple cartridge and said anvil; and means for ejecting said staples through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said staple deforming means on said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the lumininal structure.
7. The instrument of Claim 6, wherein said rod is retractable along its axis.
8. The instrument of Claim 6, wherein said array of staple deforming means and said array of staple delivery means are circular.
9. A method for stapling a tubular tissue structure to a luminal structure, comprising the steps of: inserting a rod having an anvil into the tubular tissue structure;
securing the tubular structure to said rod; inserting said rod into a tubular staple cartridge;
everting the end of the tubular tissue structure proximate to said anvil over said tubular staple cartridge; securing said end of the tubular tissue structure proximate to said anvil to said tubular staple cartridge; positioning said anvil in the luminal structure via a surgically formed opening in therein; moving said tubular staple cartridge along said rod toward said head until the tubular structure and the luminal structure are engaged; clamping the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent said surgically formed opening between said tubular staple cartridge and said anvil; and ejecting a plurality of staples from said tubular staple cartridge through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the lumininal structure.
securing the tubular structure to said rod; inserting said rod into a tubular staple cartridge;
everting the end of the tubular tissue structure proximate to said anvil over said tubular staple cartridge; securing said end of the tubular tissue structure proximate to said anvil to said tubular staple cartridge; positioning said anvil in the luminal structure via a surgically formed opening in therein; moving said tubular staple cartridge along said rod toward said head until the tubular structure and the luminal structure are engaged; clamping the everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent said surgically formed opening between said tubular staple cartridge and said anvil; and ejecting a plurality of staples from said tubular staple cartridge through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the lumininal structure.
10. A method for stapling a tubular tissue structure to a luminal structure, comprising the steps of: inserting a rod having a centrally mounted anvil into the luminal structure via a surgically formed opening in therein such that said rod transects opposing walls of the luminal structure and such that said anvil is positioned within the luminal structure; inserting one end of said rod into the tubular tissue structure; positioning the portion of said rod accommodating the tubular tissue structure and the accommodated end of the tubular tissue structure in a tubular staple cartridge;
everting said accommodated end of the tubular tissue structure over said tubular staple cartridge; securing the everted end of the tubular tissue structure to said tubular staple cartridge; moving said tubular staple cartridge axially with respect to said rod toward said anvil until the tubular structure and the luminal structure are engaged; clamping said everted end of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent said surgically formed opening between said tubular staple cartridge and said anvil; and ejecting a plurality of staples from said tubular staple cartridge through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the limininal structure.
everting said accommodated end of the tubular tissue structure over said tubular staple cartridge; securing the everted end of the tubular tissue structure to said tubular staple cartridge; moving said tubular staple cartridge axially with respect to said rod toward said anvil until the tubular structure and the luminal structure are engaged; clamping said everted end of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure adjacent said surgically formed opening between said tubular staple cartridge and said anvil; and ejecting a plurality of staples from said tubular staple cartridge through said everted portion of the tubular tissue structure and the luminal structure to engage said anvil to deform said staples and create a bond between the tubular tissue structure and the limininal structure.
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US08/261,167 | 1994-06-17 | ||
PCT/US1995/005903 WO1995035065A1 (en) | 1994-06-17 | 1995-05-12 | Surgical stapling instrument and method thereof |
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CA2192819A1 true CA2192819A1 (en) | 1995-12-28 |
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CA002192819A Abandoned CA2192819A1 (en) | 1994-06-17 | 1995-05-12 | Surgical stapling instrument and method thereof |
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US (2) | US5709335A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0765137B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3568207B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE245943T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU696332B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2192819A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69531397T2 (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5904697A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1999-05-18 | Heartport, Inc. | Devices and methods for performing a vascular anastomosis |
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-
1995
- 1995-05-12 EP EP95919150A patent/EP0765137B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 WO PCT/US1995/005903 patent/WO1995035065A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-05-12 CA CA002192819A patent/CA2192819A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-05-12 JP JP50215896A patent/JP3568207B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 DE DE69531397T patent/DE69531397T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 AT AT95919150T patent/ATE245943T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-12 ES ES95919150T patent/ES2203641T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-05-12 AU AU25122/95A patent/AU696332B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-10-31 US US08/550,285 patent/US5709335A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-06-19 US US08/878,525 patent/US5957363A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP0765137B1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
EP0765137A1 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
DE69531397D1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
JPH10507650A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
US5957363A (en) | 1999-09-28 |
DE69531397T2 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
ES2203641T3 (en) | 2004-04-16 |
EP0765137A4 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
ATE245943T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
WO1995035065A1 (en) | 1995-12-28 |
US5709335A (en) | 1998-01-20 |
AU696332B2 (en) | 1998-09-10 |
AU2512295A (en) | 1996-01-15 |
JP3568207B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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EEER | Examination request | ||
FZDE | Discontinued |