CA2193041A1 - Mouse adapted to scan biometric data - Google Patents
Mouse adapted to scan biometric dataInfo
- Publication number
- CA2193041A1 CA2193041A1 CA002193041A CA2193041A CA2193041A1 CA 2193041 A1 CA2193041 A1 CA 2193041A1 CA 002193041 A CA002193041 A CA 002193041A CA 2193041 A CA2193041 A CA 2193041A CA 2193041 A1 CA2193041 A1 CA 2193041A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- prism
- light
- fingerprint
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/245—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/31—User authentication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03543—Mice or pucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03547—Touch pads, in which fingers can move on a surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
- G06F9/44505—Configuring for program initiating, e.g. using registry, configuration files
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
- G06V40/1324—Sensors therefor by using geometrical optics, e.g. using prisms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/033—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
- G06F2203/0333—Ergonomic shaped mouse for one hand
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/033—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
- G06F2203/0336—Mouse integrated fingerprint sensor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/033—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
- G06F2203/0338—Fingerprint track pad, i.e. fingerprint sensor used as pointing device tracking the fingertip image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/2149—Restricted operating environment
Abstract
A pointing device, such as a mouse, for use with a personal computer and provided with a fingerprint imaging device therein is disclosed. The device has a pointing device, a fingerprint imager, and a cable for connecting the pointing device to a personal computer.
The fingerprint imaging device is situated where a finger will rest thereupon during normal operation of the pointing device. The pointing device operates as a pointing device and allows for user identification at any time during normal use of the computer.
The fingerprint imaging device is situated where a finger will rest thereupon during normal operation of the pointing device. The pointing device operates as a pointing device and allows for user identification at any time during normal use of the computer.
Description
Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 l Patent MOUSE ADAPTED TO SCAN BIOMETRIC DATA
Field of the Invention This invention relates to fingerprint identification, and in particular to an optical apparatus therefor included within a pointing device or computer housing adjacent a trackball.
Description of the Prior Art Various optical devices are known which employ prisms upon which a finger whose print is to be identified is placed. Generally these systems rely on suitable optical components and adequate light for im~ging. The prism has a first surface upon which a finger is placed. A second surface is disposed at an acute angle to the first surface through which the fingerprint is viewed and a third illumination surface through which light is directed into the prism. In some cases, the illumination surface is at an acute angle to the first surface, as seen for example, in US Patents 5,187,482 and 5,187,748. In other cases, the illumination surface is parallel to the first surface, as seen for example, in US Patents 5,109,427 and 5,233,404.
As fingerprint identification systems are becoming more in demand, their presence is increasing. One of the more basic and simple systems is shown in prior art Fig. 1. A
similar system is described in US patent 5,187,748 as prior art Fig. 1 a. For example, personal computer systems have been envisaged having fingerprint identification systems 2 5 coupled to them for verifying authorised users, before access to a computer or computer system is given. Generally, fingerprint input devices tend to be quite bulky, large, and costly.
This invention relates to a fingerprint input device that serves both as a computer mouse and a fingerprint input device. For this and other similar applications, it is essential for the 3 o fingerprint input device to be, very compact, durable, and preferably inexpensive. To this Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 I Patent end, it is an object of the invention to provide a fingerprint capture device that has relatively few components and that is physically compact, being relatively short in length between the prism to a detecting array.
Fingerprint im~ging devices suitable for obtaining a fingerprint image from a live subject are well known in the literature. Similarly, mouse and other pointing devices are well known, common place computer accessories in desktop computers. This invention combines both of these devices in a synergistic manner. The benefits of doing so are numerous. For example, the space required on a desktop is significantly reduced compared 0 with that required for separate devices; the fingerprint sc:~nning device is located in a position naturally occupied by a thumb of a user, improving the repeatability of fingerprint im~ging; as the fingerprint data arrives at the host computer through the same electronic port as the normal mouse data, valuable port resources are conserved in the host computer;
no special electronic hardware such as frame-grabber cards are required in the host computer to process the fingerprint data. In an application where the fingerprint-mouse-pointing device are used in combination with a screen saver to identify the user who left a computer idle for a period of time, all that is required is the user placing a hand on the mouse with a finger or thumb on the sc~nning window, and normal mouse control may be resumed, obviating the need to remove the users hand in going from a separate fingerprint 2 o authorisation device to a mouse, thus significantly saving time.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a relatively inexpensive device that is compact enough to be hand held, serving both as a mouse or pointing device, and a fingerprint input device. The pointing device may be in the form of a pen stylus, or a 2 5 conventional mouse, furthermore, it may be incorporated into a laptop computer as part of the housing, with a platen or windowed surface for receiving a finger.
Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 l Patent Summary of the Invention It is an object of the invention to provide a fingerprint identification apparatus that is compact, relatively inexpensive and that can focus a fingerprint image onto a detector with 5 acceptable clarity.
According to the invention, an apparatus for identifying fingerprints is provided, comprising:
a computer pointing device having incorporated therein 0 a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint mage;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from 15 the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, diaphragm means disposed between the lens and the prism for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching a portion of the lens 2 o about its outer edge.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided, a computer pointing device, such as a mouse, a computer pen pointer or wand, or a notebook computer housing, having therein a fingerprint sc~nning input device based on 2 5 one of optical components, such as a light source and a lens, and a capacitive array type mput SC~nn1ng.
Doc. No 1 2- 1 2 2 1 9 3 0 4 1 Patent Brief Description of the Drawings Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in conjunction withthe drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a prior art side elevation of an embodiment of an apparatus for identifying finge~ ls;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. 3 IS a side elevation of yet another embodiment of an apparatus according to the mventlon;
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a lens having an opaque coating about its periphery depicting a 5 preferred embodiment of this invention; and, Fig. 5 is a front view of the lens having a coating in the form of a fixed diaphragm applied to are area of the face of the lens as is shown in Fig. 4 in accordance with the invention;
2 o Fig. 6 is a computer rendered drawing of a hand held fingerprint scanner for connection to a personal computer; and, Figs 7 and 8 are top and side views respectively of the computer rendered drawing shown in Fig. 6.
Figs. 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of a mouse having fingerprint sc~nnning means incorporated therein.
Doc. No 12-12 Patent Detailed Description Referring now to Fig. 1, a schematic view shows the construction of a representative embodiment of a known type of optical apparatus. This apparatus comprises 5 a light source 1 and a diffuser la for emitting a light beam to the subject fingerprint "P". A
triangular prism 2 includes a slant surface 2a of about 45 degrees inclination angle on which the fingerprint "P" is laid. An image producing lens system 3 is provided for receiving the reflected light beam from the valleys of the subject fingerprint laid on the prism 2 and then producing an image of the subject fingerprint "P" at an area charge coupled device 4 0 (hereinafter, referred to simply as "the area CCD") for converting the produced fingerprint image into an electric signal; the apparatus further includes an amplifying/analysing circuit 5 (signal processing circuit) for amplifying then analysing the electric signal for the subject fingerprint provided by the area CCD 4, and a monitor 6 for displaying the fingerprint image shown. The transparent triangular prism 2 can be made of glass or another suitable 15 material. Other prism shapes such as polygonal e.g. tetragonal may also be employed.
The index of refraction of the prism material is preferably in the range of about 1-2.
The prism 2 has a fingerprint receiving face 2a, upon which a finger is placed (indicated by fingerprint P). A fingerprint viewing face 16 is disposed at an acute angle, 2 o typically of about 45-50, to the fingerprint receiving face 2a. This permits a larger viewing surface and a sharper viewed image than prior art devices. Two opposed parallel faces are perpendicular to the fingerprint receiving face 2a.
In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the light source 1 is in the form of a multi-light 2 5 emitting diode(LED) array, although other conventional light sources could be used. A
suitable LED array is one ofthe type described in US Patent 5,210,588 as comprising a number of high intensity ultra-luminescence chips, which provides a light intensity of about three times that of common LEDs. The disclosure of this Patent is incorporated herein by reference.
Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 l Patent Referring now to Fig. 2, an embodiment of the invention is shown wherein a diaphragm is placed at the focal point of the lens to increase the depth of field and to lessen Gaussian distortion. In attempting to shorten the distance "d" between the prism 2 and the CCD detector 4 to achieve a more compact device, optical limitations of conventional 5 fingerprint arrangements such as the one shown in Fig. 1 become more exaggerated and hence, more limiting. For example, as the distance "d" is decreased, the depth of field within of the system decreases; thus the focusing requirements become more stringent.
This of course places increased limits on acceptable tolerances of the optical components and their respective placement. Conversely, as the depth of field increases, the task of 10 focusing a fingerprint image on a CCD array becomes less complex. One aim of this invention is to provide a compact, easy to assemble and manufacture fingerprint device. At the same time, it is also preferred to lessen the cost of such a device by using a relatively inexpensive, commercially available optical lens or optical lens arrangement. It should be noted, that the diaphragm 5, shown in Fig. 2 has an extremely small opening. In fact, it is 5 unlikely that this opening would provide enough light for the CCD array to detect an image;
however, in theory, it is preferred to have a small fixed opening with the proviso that enough light be present at the CCD array to detect a suitable image. If the depth of field is not increased sufficiently to cover the difference in path lengths between D 1 and D2 (see Fig. 1), the CCD 4 can be tilted to more sharply focus of the image.
Referring now to Fig. 3, a symmetric bi-convex lens is shown exhibiting Gaussianoptical distortion. As can be seen from the figure, light travelling through the lens at varying distances from the optical axis (various f-ray numbers) does not does not focus at the same point on the paraxial image plane. This aberration can cause light from a same feature area 2 5 within a fingerprint being imaged, to fall on more than one pixel of the CCD, causing the print imaged by the CCD to appear blurry or out of focus. More costly achromat lenses are available which correct for this problem, however this significantly adds to the cost of manufacture of the fingerprint device. Constraining the light to within a smaller radius about the centre of the lens, i.e. elimin~ting low ray f-numbers results in a significant 3 o improvement in image quality detected by the CCD array. The diaphragm 5 shown in Fig. 3 Doc.Nol2-12 21 93(~41 Patent essentially blocks out light from reaching the outer periphery of the lens, and reduces the Gaussian distortion of the inexpensive bi-convex lens 3. Thus, the provision of the diaphragm 5 both increases the field of view and reduces distortion at the lens edge. Of course the amount of light received by the CCD is reduced by blocking some of it with the 5 diaphragm 5, therefore the amount of light about the finger resting on the prism must sufficient for adequate detection by the CCD. The location of the diaphragm or aperture is important and is related to the size of the aperture. A large aperture, allowing light to reach the entire preferred useable portion of the lens, could be located on the lens or 2 focal distances away. Smaller apertures would need to be placed closer to the focal point based on 0 linear ratio. Thus, an aperture half the size of the large aperture would ideally be located between 0.5 focal lengths and 1.5 focal lengths from the lens. Locating such an aperture outside these distances would result in some loss of information. The simplest form of acceptable aperture would be an opaque surface or coating applied directly to the outer portion of the lens 2 as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5, a very short and compact device is shown in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. Conveniently, the device is compact enough to be packaged into a hand held instrument about the size of a computer mouse, for attachment to a personal computer, wherein many commercially available 2 o devices are several times larger. A lens 5 is disposed between a prism 2 and CCD 5. A
diaphragm 5 in the form of a coating, decal, or paint is applied to the periphery of the lens 3, thus obviating the requirement shown in previous embodiments of this invention, for precisely positioning a diaphragm between the lens and the prism. Furthermore, by applying the diaphragm directly to the lens, there is no longer a requirement for affixing and holding 2 5 in place a discrete diaphragm component. Only the lens 3 need be held in place bet~,veen the CCD 4 and the prism 2.
The system geometry shown in Fig. 4 has proven to work successfully, producing substantially clear images at the CCD 4. A plano-convex lens 3 is used having a focal length of approximately 6 mm. The CCD array 4 has a pixel element size of approximately 3 o 10 x 10 !lm. The iris diameter of the diaphragm was selected to be 1 mm. The distance from Doc. No 12-12 Patent , the lens face to the prism back face is approximately 5 cm. The distance from the lens to the CCD face is approximately 1 cm. Preferably, the CCD is tilted as shown at an angle of 5 with respect to the lens back face.
Figs 6, 7, and 8 show the ergonomically designed hand held device that contains the 5 circuitry shown in the previous figures. By reducing the length of the optical path in the manner shown, this small hand held device is realizable and may be manufactured at a relatively low cost, using an inexpensive lens.
Although white light may be used, it is preferable to employ a monochromatic light source. Red light of a wavelength in the range of 700-800 nm is most preferred, since this wavelength range is at the highest response region of the conventional electronic im~ging devices used. Illumination in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 lux has been found to be effective.
Of course, numerous other embodiments may be envisaged without departing from 5 the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
Field of the Invention This invention relates to fingerprint identification, and in particular to an optical apparatus therefor included within a pointing device or computer housing adjacent a trackball.
Description of the Prior Art Various optical devices are known which employ prisms upon which a finger whose print is to be identified is placed. Generally these systems rely on suitable optical components and adequate light for im~ging. The prism has a first surface upon which a finger is placed. A second surface is disposed at an acute angle to the first surface through which the fingerprint is viewed and a third illumination surface through which light is directed into the prism. In some cases, the illumination surface is at an acute angle to the first surface, as seen for example, in US Patents 5,187,482 and 5,187,748. In other cases, the illumination surface is parallel to the first surface, as seen for example, in US Patents 5,109,427 and 5,233,404.
As fingerprint identification systems are becoming more in demand, their presence is increasing. One of the more basic and simple systems is shown in prior art Fig. 1. A
similar system is described in US patent 5,187,748 as prior art Fig. 1 a. For example, personal computer systems have been envisaged having fingerprint identification systems 2 5 coupled to them for verifying authorised users, before access to a computer or computer system is given. Generally, fingerprint input devices tend to be quite bulky, large, and costly.
This invention relates to a fingerprint input device that serves both as a computer mouse and a fingerprint input device. For this and other similar applications, it is essential for the 3 o fingerprint input device to be, very compact, durable, and preferably inexpensive. To this Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 I Patent end, it is an object of the invention to provide a fingerprint capture device that has relatively few components and that is physically compact, being relatively short in length between the prism to a detecting array.
Fingerprint im~ging devices suitable for obtaining a fingerprint image from a live subject are well known in the literature. Similarly, mouse and other pointing devices are well known, common place computer accessories in desktop computers. This invention combines both of these devices in a synergistic manner. The benefits of doing so are numerous. For example, the space required on a desktop is significantly reduced compared 0 with that required for separate devices; the fingerprint sc:~nning device is located in a position naturally occupied by a thumb of a user, improving the repeatability of fingerprint im~ging; as the fingerprint data arrives at the host computer through the same electronic port as the normal mouse data, valuable port resources are conserved in the host computer;
no special electronic hardware such as frame-grabber cards are required in the host computer to process the fingerprint data. In an application where the fingerprint-mouse-pointing device are used in combination with a screen saver to identify the user who left a computer idle for a period of time, all that is required is the user placing a hand on the mouse with a finger or thumb on the sc~nning window, and normal mouse control may be resumed, obviating the need to remove the users hand in going from a separate fingerprint 2 o authorisation device to a mouse, thus significantly saving time.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a relatively inexpensive device that is compact enough to be hand held, serving both as a mouse or pointing device, and a fingerprint input device. The pointing device may be in the form of a pen stylus, or a 2 5 conventional mouse, furthermore, it may be incorporated into a laptop computer as part of the housing, with a platen or windowed surface for receiving a finger.
Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 l Patent Summary of the Invention It is an object of the invention to provide a fingerprint identification apparatus that is compact, relatively inexpensive and that can focus a fingerprint image onto a detector with 5 acceptable clarity.
According to the invention, an apparatus for identifying fingerprints is provided, comprising:
a computer pointing device having incorporated therein 0 a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint mage;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from 15 the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, diaphragm means disposed between the lens and the prism for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching a portion of the lens 2 o about its outer edge.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention there is provided, a computer pointing device, such as a mouse, a computer pen pointer or wand, or a notebook computer housing, having therein a fingerprint sc~nning input device based on 2 5 one of optical components, such as a light source and a lens, and a capacitive array type mput SC~nn1ng.
Doc. No 1 2- 1 2 2 1 9 3 0 4 1 Patent Brief Description of the Drawings Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in conjunction withthe drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a prior art side elevation of an embodiment of an apparatus for identifying finge~ ls;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of an embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. 3 IS a side elevation of yet another embodiment of an apparatus according to the mventlon;
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a lens having an opaque coating about its periphery depicting a 5 preferred embodiment of this invention; and, Fig. 5 is a front view of the lens having a coating in the form of a fixed diaphragm applied to are area of the face of the lens as is shown in Fig. 4 in accordance with the invention;
2 o Fig. 6 is a computer rendered drawing of a hand held fingerprint scanner for connection to a personal computer; and, Figs 7 and 8 are top and side views respectively of the computer rendered drawing shown in Fig. 6.
Figs. 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of a mouse having fingerprint sc~nnning means incorporated therein.
Doc. No 12-12 Patent Detailed Description Referring now to Fig. 1, a schematic view shows the construction of a representative embodiment of a known type of optical apparatus. This apparatus comprises 5 a light source 1 and a diffuser la for emitting a light beam to the subject fingerprint "P". A
triangular prism 2 includes a slant surface 2a of about 45 degrees inclination angle on which the fingerprint "P" is laid. An image producing lens system 3 is provided for receiving the reflected light beam from the valleys of the subject fingerprint laid on the prism 2 and then producing an image of the subject fingerprint "P" at an area charge coupled device 4 0 (hereinafter, referred to simply as "the area CCD") for converting the produced fingerprint image into an electric signal; the apparatus further includes an amplifying/analysing circuit 5 (signal processing circuit) for amplifying then analysing the electric signal for the subject fingerprint provided by the area CCD 4, and a monitor 6 for displaying the fingerprint image shown. The transparent triangular prism 2 can be made of glass or another suitable 15 material. Other prism shapes such as polygonal e.g. tetragonal may also be employed.
The index of refraction of the prism material is preferably in the range of about 1-2.
The prism 2 has a fingerprint receiving face 2a, upon which a finger is placed (indicated by fingerprint P). A fingerprint viewing face 16 is disposed at an acute angle, 2 o typically of about 45-50, to the fingerprint receiving face 2a. This permits a larger viewing surface and a sharper viewed image than prior art devices. Two opposed parallel faces are perpendicular to the fingerprint receiving face 2a.
In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the light source 1 is in the form of a multi-light 2 5 emitting diode(LED) array, although other conventional light sources could be used. A
suitable LED array is one ofthe type described in US Patent 5,210,588 as comprising a number of high intensity ultra-luminescence chips, which provides a light intensity of about three times that of common LEDs. The disclosure of this Patent is incorporated herein by reference.
Doc. No 12-12 2 1 9 3 0 4 l Patent Referring now to Fig. 2, an embodiment of the invention is shown wherein a diaphragm is placed at the focal point of the lens to increase the depth of field and to lessen Gaussian distortion. In attempting to shorten the distance "d" between the prism 2 and the CCD detector 4 to achieve a more compact device, optical limitations of conventional 5 fingerprint arrangements such as the one shown in Fig. 1 become more exaggerated and hence, more limiting. For example, as the distance "d" is decreased, the depth of field within of the system decreases; thus the focusing requirements become more stringent.
This of course places increased limits on acceptable tolerances of the optical components and their respective placement. Conversely, as the depth of field increases, the task of 10 focusing a fingerprint image on a CCD array becomes less complex. One aim of this invention is to provide a compact, easy to assemble and manufacture fingerprint device. At the same time, it is also preferred to lessen the cost of such a device by using a relatively inexpensive, commercially available optical lens or optical lens arrangement. It should be noted, that the diaphragm 5, shown in Fig. 2 has an extremely small opening. In fact, it is 5 unlikely that this opening would provide enough light for the CCD array to detect an image;
however, in theory, it is preferred to have a small fixed opening with the proviso that enough light be present at the CCD array to detect a suitable image. If the depth of field is not increased sufficiently to cover the difference in path lengths between D 1 and D2 (see Fig. 1), the CCD 4 can be tilted to more sharply focus of the image.
Referring now to Fig. 3, a symmetric bi-convex lens is shown exhibiting Gaussianoptical distortion. As can be seen from the figure, light travelling through the lens at varying distances from the optical axis (various f-ray numbers) does not does not focus at the same point on the paraxial image plane. This aberration can cause light from a same feature area 2 5 within a fingerprint being imaged, to fall on more than one pixel of the CCD, causing the print imaged by the CCD to appear blurry or out of focus. More costly achromat lenses are available which correct for this problem, however this significantly adds to the cost of manufacture of the fingerprint device. Constraining the light to within a smaller radius about the centre of the lens, i.e. elimin~ting low ray f-numbers results in a significant 3 o improvement in image quality detected by the CCD array. The diaphragm 5 shown in Fig. 3 Doc.Nol2-12 21 93(~41 Patent essentially blocks out light from reaching the outer periphery of the lens, and reduces the Gaussian distortion of the inexpensive bi-convex lens 3. Thus, the provision of the diaphragm 5 both increases the field of view and reduces distortion at the lens edge. Of course the amount of light received by the CCD is reduced by blocking some of it with the 5 diaphragm 5, therefore the amount of light about the finger resting on the prism must sufficient for adequate detection by the CCD. The location of the diaphragm or aperture is important and is related to the size of the aperture. A large aperture, allowing light to reach the entire preferred useable portion of the lens, could be located on the lens or 2 focal distances away. Smaller apertures would need to be placed closer to the focal point based on 0 linear ratio. Thus, an aperture half the size of the large aperture would ideally be located between 0.5 focal lengths and 1.5 focal lengths from the lens. Locating such an aperture outside these distances would result in some loss of information. The simplest form of acceptable aperture would be an opaque surface or coating applied directly to the outer portion of the lens 2 as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5, a very short and compact device is shown in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. Conveniently, the device is compact enough to be packaged into a hand held instrument about the size of a computer mouse, for attachment to a personal computer, wherein many commercially available 2 o devices are several times larger. A lens 5 is disposed between a prism 2 and CCD 5. A
diaphragm 5 in the form of a coating, decal, or paint is applied to the periphery of the lens 3, thus obviating the requirement shown in previous embodiments of this invention, for precisely positioning a diaphragm between the lens and the prism. Furthermore, by applying the diaphragm directly to the lens, there is no longer a requirement for affixing and holding 2 5 in place a discrete diaphragm component. Only the lens 3 need be held in place bet~,veen the CCD 4 and the prism 2.
The system geometry shown in Fig. 4 has proven to work successfully, producing substantially clear images at the CCD 4. A plano-convex lens 3 is used having a focal length of approximately 6 mm. The CCD array 4 has a pixel element size of approximately 3 o 10 x 10 !lm. The iris diameter of the diaphragm was selected to be 1 mm. The distance from Doc. No 12-12 Patent , the lens face to the prism back face is approximately 5 cm. The distance from the lens to the CCD face is approximately 1 cm. Preferably, the CCD is tilted as shown at an angle of 5 with respect to the lens back face.
Figs 6, 7, and 8 show the ergonomically designed hand held device that contains the 5 circuitry shown in the previous figures. By reducing the length of the optical path in the manner shown, this small hand held device is realizable and may be manufactured at a relatively low cost, using an inexpensive lens.
Although white light may be used, it is preferable to employ a monochromatic light source. Red light of a wavelength in the range of 700-800 nm is most preferred, since this wavelength range is at the highest response region of the conventional electronic im~ging devices used. Illumination in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 lux has been found to be effective.
Of course, numerous other embodiments may be envisaged without departing from 5 the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (16)
1. An apparatus for identifying fingerprints, comprising:
a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint image;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, means disposed between the lens and the prism for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching a portion of the lens about its outer edge.
a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint image;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, means disposed between the lens and the prism for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching a portion of the lens about its outer edge.
2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the means disposed between the lens and the prism is a diaphragm having an opening for allowing some light to pass, and having an opaque portion for preventing light from passing therethrough.
3. An apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the diaphragm comprises an opaque material covering a portion of the lens about a working area adjacent the optical axis.
4. An apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the opening is a fixed opening of a predetermined diameter.
5. An apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the diaphragm is disposed about a focal point of the lens.
6. An apparatus for identifying fingerprints, comprising:
a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint image;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, means on a portion of a face of the lens about its outer edge for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching the CCD array.
a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint image;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, means on a portion of a face of the lens about its outer edge for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching the CCD array.
7. An apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said means is in the form of a substantially opaque coating applied to the periphery of a face of the lens serving as a fixed iris for reducing the unwanted effects of aberration within the lens, and for increasing the depth of field.
8. An apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said means is in the form of a decal applied to an area of the lens, about a predetermined preferred working area.
9. An apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said means is in the form of a paint applied to an area of the lens.
10. An apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said means covers a greater surface area of a face of the lens than an uncovered working portion of the lens on a same face.
11. An apparatus as defined in claim 6, wherein said lens is a plano-convex lens.
12. An apparatus as defined in claim 11, wherein said means is in the form of an opaque iris applied to a face of the lens, and wherein the distance between the CCD array and the lens is less than half of the distance between the lens and the prism.
13. A hand held device for capturing fingerprints, comprising:
a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint image;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, only a diaphragm disposed between the lens and the prism for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching a portion of the lens about its outer edge.
a light source for emitting light;
a transparent prism having a slant surface to which a fingerprint being identified is contacted and in which light from the light source is directed for creating a fingerprint image;
a CCD array disposed a distance from the transparent prism, for receiving an image from the prism;
a lens spaced between the CCD array and the prism, for focusing light received from the prism onto the CCD so that an image can be detected; and, only a diaphragm disposed between the lens and the prism for preventing some of the light propagating from the prism in the direction of the lens, from reaching a portion of the lens about its outer edge.
14. The device as defined in claim 12, comprising means for coupling to a computer port.
15. A computer pointing device, such as a mouse having housing, the housing having therein a window or surface for receiving a finger, said window or surface having means adjacent thereto or coupled thereto for receiving an image of a fingerprint placed against the surface or window.
16. A computer pointing device as defined in claim 15, wherein the means coupled thereto includes one of a capacitive array and an optical circuit including a lens and light detection means.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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|---|---|---|---|
| US1145996P | 1996-02-12 | 1996-02-12 | |
| US60/011,459 | 1996-02-12 | ||
| US08/760,212 US5859420A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-12-04 | Optical imaging device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2193041A1 true CA2193041A1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
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| CA002193041A Abandoned CA2193041A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1996-12-13 | Mouse adapted to scan biometric data |
| CA002197409A Abandoned CA2197409A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-12 | Mouse adapted to scan biometric data |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002197409A Abandoned CA2197409A1 (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1997-02-12 | Mouse adapted to scan biometric data |
Country Status (2)
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|---|---|
| US (2) | US5859420A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2193041A1 (en) |
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-
1996
- 1996-12-04 US US08/760,212 patent/US5859420A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-13 CA CA002193041A patent/CA2193041A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-02-12 CA CA002197409A patent/CA2197409A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-12 US US08/797,057 patent/US5991431A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2197409A1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
| US5991431A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
| US5859420A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |