CA2233221A1 - Magnetic switching element for controlling a surgical device - Google Patents
Magnetic switching element for controlling a surgical device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2233221A1 CA2233221A1 CA002233221A CA2233221A CA2233221A1 CA 2233221 A1 CA2233221 A1 CA 2233221A1 CA 002233221 A CA002233221 A CA 002233221A CA 2233221 A CA2233221 A CA 2233221A CA 2233221 A1 CA2233221 A1 CA 2233221A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- housing
- magnetic sensor
- actuator
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/1613—Component parts
- A61B17/1626—Control means; Display units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/320016—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
- A61B17/32002—Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes with continuously rotating, oscillating or reciprocating cutting instruments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B25F3/00—Associations of tools for different working operations with one portable power-drive means; Adapters therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/0046—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00477—Coupling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/0813—Accessories designed for easy sterilising, i.e. re-usable
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
- H01H2300/014—Application surgical instrument
Abstract
An apparatus for controlling a surgical device includes a housing (105) and a magnetic switching element (400) mounted on the housing (105). The magnetic switching element (400) includes a magnet (405), a magnetic sensor (500) configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an actuator (410) mounted on the housing (105) for movement between a first position in which a magnetic field of the magnet is decoupled from the magnetic sensor (500) and a second position in which the magnetic field is coupled to the magnetic sensor (500) so as to change a value of the control signal produced by the magnetic sensor (500). The magnetic switching element (400) may also include magnetically soft material positioned so that movement of the actuator causes relative movement between the magnet and the magnetically soft material.
Description
W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 MAGNFTIC SWITCHING Fl FMF~IT FOR CONTROI I ING
A SURGIC~I nFvlc~
This invention relates to handpieces for powered surgical 5 systems.
=
Surgical handpieces may operate a variety of surgical instruments. Typically, a surgical ha-ld,~Jiece includes a housing that CGI ILdil IS a motor. The motor rotates a drive shaft coupled to the 10 motor to transmit power to a surgical instrument through the drive shaft.
A surgical ha, Id~Jiece may also include one or more switches for activating and conllulling the motor. For example, Rexroth, U.S.
Patent No. 5,217,478, describes a surgical handpiece that incl~ldes four switches configured to tum the motor on and off, to change the roldliGn dire~;tio,) of the motor between forward and reverse, and to i"cr~dse or de.;l~ase the luldliGIl speed of the motor. Each switch incl~cles a pair of switch COI llacts posiliGI led to be conductively 20 bridged upon depr~ssion of the switch.
Howeverthestrictreq~ menlforslerlisEdinstrullle"ldliGr,in surgery necessi~tes that such handpieces are ~u~cl~ved but typical sterili~dlioll techniques preclude this, especidlly where 25 magnetic switches are involved. It is therer~,re an object of the present invention to overco,lle this problem.
~ Accordi"yly, there is provided an a~ardllJs for conll~ lli"y a- surgical device, comprising:
a housing; and SUcs~ 1 l l UTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 a magnetic switching element mounted on the housing, the magnetic switch element including;
a ..,a~neL, a rllayl~elic sensor configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an ~ctu~tor mounted on the housing for movement between a first position in which a magnetic field of the .nay-.et is decoupled from the magnetic sensor to a seco ud position to couple the magnetic field to the Illayll-:lic sensor so as to cl,d"ye a value of the 10 control signal produce~l by the ~,,aynclic sensor.
In one acpect generally, the invention features an appa,dLus for cG"l,olling a surgical device. The a,u~Jdldlus inrludes a housing and one or more l.ldyn~lic switching ele-.,e~.ls mounted on the 15 housing. Each ~ - ~aynelic switching element incl~ ~ss a . . ldynet~ a ~..ay,.~lic sensor and an ~ct~r. The ~-layllelic sel-sor produces a control signal for controlling the surgical device. The ~C~ tor is mounted on the housing and moves from a first ~osiliGn in which a magnetic field of the ,na~--et is cleco~pled from the magnetic sensor 20 to a seco,.d rositisn to couple the ~--aynelic field to the magnetic sensor so as to cha. .ge a value of the control signal produced by the ma~rl~lic s~,.sor.
The invention provides a mgged, solid state design that 25 requires no interaction betwccn mechdnical parts. Recause no ".ecl.an;cal i.,l~rd~;liol, is required, the ,,~ayllet may be physically isolated from the ",a~ lic sensor. This ensures that the sw;tches do not provide a leahaye path into the apparatus, which, in turn, means that the appardl.Js may be made fully autoclavable.
SlJ~ 111 ~JTE SHEET (RULE 26) - =. =
Embodiments of the invention may inciude one or more of the following features. The magnetic switching ele",a"t may include magnetically soft material posiliGned so that movement of the actuator c~ ~ses relative movement between the magnet and the 5 magnetically soft material. The magnet may be coupled to the ~ctu~tor so that movement of the ~ch ~tor c~uses movement of the magnet. In ~ddition, the ,.,agnelically soft ",aleridl may be configured to sul,~ ,lially absorb the " ,agoelic field produced by the ,,,ayrlel when the ~bJ~tor is in the first posilioll and not to 10 sub~l~r,lially absorb the magnetic field pro~ ced by the h,ay"et when the ~ctu~tor is in the second position.
The "~ay"et may be physically isol ~ (1 from the magnetic sensor. For example, the magnet may be separated from the 15 r"ag,.elic sensor by a wall of the housing.
The housing may be the housing of a surgical handpiece that colll~il ls a motor, and the control signal produced by the ",agnelic sensor may be used in controlling operation of the motor The mdy.,elically soft ",alerial may include a switch bottom having a cylindrical opening, and the ",ag"et may be positioned in the cylindrical G~Jel-illg when the ~ctu~tor is in the first position, and e~lal)dad beyond the cylindrical opening when the ~Ctl ~tor is in the 25 second posilion. The cyli. ~d~ ical Opê~ y may be posiliGr,ed over a dep~essio, I in an e~.le,ior surface of the housing that is configured to receive the " ,agl let and has a closed bottom.
.
The ",ay"elically soft r"aterial may also include a switch 30 cover secured to the Illayllèt. The switch cover may be biased StJ~;~ JTE SHEE~ (RULE 26~
away from the cylind, ical opening by a spring, and the switch l~ollui "
and the switch cover may be mechanically interiocked.
The Illagnelic sensor may be mounted on a subst~ntially flat 5 circuit board that is positioned within the housing. Examples of magnetic ser,so, a include Hall-effect devices and reed s~itcl ,es.
A dis~dl~ce between a posiliGn of the magnet when the ~ctl~t.or is in the first posiliGi) and a ~Josilion of the magnet when the 10 ~ctl~tor is in the second position may be less than 0.1 inches (2.6mm) For exa,n~,le, the di:,ldl ,ce may be on the order of 0.06 inches (1.53mm).
In another ~spl?ct generally, the invention features an 15 a~JIJardlUS may for co, .llull;~ ,9 a surgical device. The d,J~drdll.JS
includes a housing and ,--aynelicsw;tcllilly eleme.)la mounted on the housing. Each ~dyl~clic _JJitcl)iny element may include a ,..ay..,2l l)o~itiG..ed ol~t~i~4 of the housing, a l..~gnc:lic se,.sor l)osili~ne-l inside the housing and physically isol~ c~ from th 20 n,aynet by a wall of the housing, and an ~hl~tor mounted on the housing for movement from a first position in which a magnetic field of the magnet is rl9CO!lpl'3':l from the r.,ag--elic sensor to a second posi~ion to couple the magnetic field to the Illaylletic sensor so as to cl-a,.ge a value of a control signal pro~ced by the ...ag..elic sensor.
Embodi.,.e,-la of the invention rnay include one or more of the fcll~ -y features. Each of the Illdg~ ic switching elements may include magnelically soft Illdlelidl, and may be configured so that movement of the ~ctu~tor c~ses relative movement between the Illd9net and the magnetically soft material. For exd-.-~ , the magnet may be co!lrlerl to the ~ctu~tor so that movel--e--l of the ~ctu~tor c~ ~ses movement of the . . ~ay~ .et.
SU~;~ JTE SHEET ~RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 The magnetically soft material may include a switch cover secured to the ,.,agoet and a switch bottom having a cylindrical opening. The magnet may positioned in the cylindrical opening 5 when the actuator is in the first position and extended beyond the ~ cylindrical Gpel lil Iy when the ~ctl~tor is in the second position. The magnetically soft " ,dlerial also may be configured to sul~sl--, .lially absorb a Illaynelic field produced by the magnet when the ~ctu~tor is in the first positiGn and not to s~ al~nl;ally absorb the magnetic 10 field produced by the ~"agr,et when the ~ct~tor is in the second position.
In a further aspect of the presenl invention there is provided a surgical system cGIl)priainy the appardl.ls as here;.lbt:rore desc,iLed 15 and a surgical instrument.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a surgical system as hereinbefore clesc, il,ecl in kit form.
Other features and adva, .layes of the invention will beco",e apparent from the f~'l J/;~ ,9 des~ Jtion of the ~,r~f~r,ed embodi",enla, including the dr-vl;ngs and from the claims.
Sl,~ UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 Brief nescription of the Dr~w,. ,~s Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical handpiece.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a surgical system including the handpiece of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3A is a side cross se.;tio"al view of a surgical handpiece.
Fig. 3B is an enlarged portion of the cross sectiGnal view of Fig. 3A.
Fig. 4A is an exploded top pera~ecli~e view of a ~llayl)~lic 10 switchingelementofthel,ar,d~ ceofFig. 1.
Fig. 4B is a bottom perspective view of the ."a~nelic swilcl,i"y element of Fig. 4A.
Fig. 4C is a cross se~lic,nal view of an alL~, . ,dli-/e magnetic s~il~:hiny eleme,lL
Fig. 4D is a cross sectional view of the .,~ag, .~ s ~/itcl.i. .9 eler"e.ll of Fig. 4A in a depressed l)os;liol).
Fig. 5A is a top view of a circuit board of the handpiece of Fig.
1.
Fig. 5B is an end view of the circuit board of Fig. 5A.
Fig. 6A is a perspective view of a surgical instrument configured for dllact".,enl to the handpiece of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6B is a perspective view of a hub and drive shaft of the surgical instrument of Fig. 6A.
Fig. 6C is a side view of the hub and drive shaft of Fig. 6B.
Fig. 7A is a cross se-,tiG,.al side view of an i~L~rdce between the handpiece of Fig. 1 and the hub and drive shaft of Figs. 6A~C, taken at the longitudinal axis of the handpiece.
Fig. 7B is a cross sectional side view of the inle, rdce of Fig. r 7A, offset from the longitudinal axis of the hal .d~ i~ce.
Figs. 8A-8D are fu"~liG--al ~iayldr.. s of the lalcl-i--g mechanisms of the interface of Fig. 7A.
S~ ITE SHEE~ ~RULE 26) Fig. 9A is a side view of an alternative latching " ,ecl ,anis" ,.
Fig. 9B is a top view of an end of a handpiece configured for interaction with the latching mechanism of Fig. 9A.
Fig. 9C is a sectional view of the ha"dpi~ce end of Fig. 9B
taken along seclion 9C-9C.
Fig. 9D-9H are side and top views of other allt:llldli-/e lalchi"g mechanisms.
Figs. 10A-10C are perspective and plan views of an 10 aller"dlive latching mechanism.
Figs. 11A and 11 B are perspective views of an alle",dli~e lalchi"g ",acl,..ni:,r,).
Fig. 12 is a side view of an ada~,ler including the latcl,i"y mechanism of Figs. 6A~C.
nesc,u.lio" ofthe rl~fer,ed Fmbo,ljmenb With r~r~re"ce to Figs.1 and 2 a l-lotori~eJ reusable surgical handpiece 100 (Fig.1) is configured to G,~rale a variety of ~lisl~os~ e (or re~s~h) surgical instruments. The handpiece has a generally cyliaJrical shape, with a teard,c",-shaped cross se-1io", and in ::ludes a housing 105 made from a non-",ag,le:lic "~al~.ial such as aluminum. At its distal end the hdl l'Jpi~ Ce inrl- ~des a cylindrical bore 110 for dU7a;:l1111611l of a surgical instrument. Within the bore 110 is a drive shaft 115 that is coupled to a motor 120 positio"eJ within the 1,- ndpiece 100. The 1.- . ri--s incl-~des pushbutton switches 125 130 and 135 that produce siy"als for use in conl,olling the motor 120. The han~lpiece 100, including the pushbutton switches 125 130 and 135, is fully ~utocl~vable.
SU~3111 UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 The handpiece 100 is employed in a surgical system 200 that includes the hal~dpiece, a cons-le 205, a surgical instrument 300 (or a set of surgical instruments), and a foot control asse~ ly 210. A
processor 215 posilio~ed within the col.s~l~ 205 co-.L.ols the 5 operating speed and dir~;tio.. of the motor 120 of the handpiece 100. This, in turn, controls the operating speed and direction of the surgical instrument 300. For exa...~,le, when the surgical instrument 300 includes an active portion 305 (such as a cutting blade or an abrading burr) that n~tales about the longitudinal axis 140 of the hand,~iece 100, the processor 215 cGIlllols the di.t:clio.~ and speed at which the active portion 305 rotates.
The p.ocessor 215 col-l-~l~ the motor 120 in response to signals from the pushbutton _ ~:;t ;hes 125,130 and 135, the co- s ~ ' o 205, and the foot control assel,lbly 210. In ~d~ l;lic;.l, as ~isc~ssed below, the l -a, ~dpiece 100 provides the ~urvcessor 215 with inrurl ~ ~aliGI ~ i. ,dicdli-re of the instrument type of the surgical instrument ~,osilioned in the l ,an.ll iece. The handpiece 100 is connected to the COnS~I? 205 by a cable 145 that is attached to the 20 prl.xi.,.al end of the ha..dpicce by a thrl:aded con,-ector 146.
In ~ ;liGIl to the processor 215, the colls~l~ 205 includes a power switch 220 for activating or deactivating the system, and buttons to i..~.~ase (225) or dec.~ase (230) the speed of the 25 hal.dt.iece motor 120. To display irol,.,alio, the cGIls~l9 inc~des a sixl~en character fluorescent display 235 for diasJIloalic ~--essayas, digital displays of the motor speed (240) and the ~e.--.issiL,le range for the motor speed (245, 250), and a bar graph display 255 of the motor speed within the pe. " .issiLle range. The foot control assel"bly 210 is attached to the console 205 through a cable 260 and permits an operator to select between forward, reverse and SlJ~ 111 ~JTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 oscillate modes of G~.eralio" for the motor 120 of the l ,andpiece 100.
Alternatively, the foot control asseml,ly can be used to control the position of an operative poi liol l of the surgical instrument.
Rerer.i"y also to Figs. 3A and 3B, the three pushbutton switches 125, 130 and 135 are alldched to the exterior of the housing 105 and are physically isol~'ed from the ele-;t-u.,ic circuitry associated with the u w;lcl~es by a wall of the housing. This isol -lioo ensures that the u ~r~it.;~.es do not provide a leakage path to the ele~;t- vl ~ics and ll .er~by ensures that the hdn~ ce 100 and the switches 125, 130 and 135 are ~utocl~vable. In :~d'litiGIl, no se,vardle seal is required to isolate the sv~itcl.es from the circuitry.
The switcl .es, which are round and ider.lically sized, are loc~e~ I
near the distal end of the handpiece 100 and are a, . dl ,ye~J in a triangular configuration. Fewer or more s/:;t~;l .es (e.g., two or four sw;t~l.es) could be used and the sJ~itcl.es could be an,al-yc~ in a dirr~rl3nl configuration.
As allea~ly disc~ssed, the switches 125, 130 and 135 provide signals to the ,~r~cessor 215 through cable 145, and the pr~,cessor 215 uses the control siynals to control the motor 120 in the hal ~~J~iece 100. The fu. ..;tions of the sw;tches need not be ex~,licitly deri.,ed and may be configured by prl,yr~n--.ling the pr~cessor 215.
For example, switch 125 may cause the processor 215 to control the 25 motor 120 to cycle through forward, reverse and os~~il' ~le modes of o,~e.dliol" while switch 130 c~ses the p-ucessorto cycle the motor through a circular range of speecls and switch 135 c~nses the ~.1 ocessor to activate or deactivate the motor.
In anoll.er configuration, the sw;tcl)es ~esp~~ /ely cause the ~,rucessor to control the motor to operate in a forward mode (switch Sl,~ 111 ~ITE SHEET ~RULE 26) 125), a reverse mode (switch 130), or an oscill -l~ mode (switch 135). In this al~r-,dli~/e configuration, pr~ssi"g any one of the switches activates the motor and c~ ~ses the motor to operate in the corresponding mode. Thereafter, pressing any switch deactivates 5 the motor. To switch, for example, from the fonNard Gperdli..g mode to the reverse operating mode, an operator would press any one of the three :..vit.;l .es to deactivate the motor and would II ,erearler press switch 130 to reactivate the motor in the reverse mode.
Each of swit~;l,es 125,130 and 135 also may have multiple full~iliGIls. For e~d-,-~,le, quickly pr~ssiny a switch may cause the motor to switch beh~ccn folward and reverse modes of operation while continually ,~lessi.,y the switch c~uses the motor to G~e,~te in an osc~ liG" mode. Similarly, guickly ,.,rt:ssi"y a switch may 15 activate the motorwhile continually pl~SSi"y the switch gradually inc.eases the speed of the motor or c~ the ~,osi~ion of an oper~ /e PGI I;OI ~ of the surgical instrument as diccl ~ssed above.
Refe:.i..~ also to Figs.4A and 4B, each of switches 125, 130 and 135 co"",,i~es a .. ,~yn~lic switching ele.-,eut 400 that inclu~les a permanent ,.,ay-~et 405 surrounded by ~ y~ licall~ soft I"alerial.
The ~-,dyl,~lically soft ",alerial absGll,s the n~ay~ lic field prod~ced by nldgnel 405 to shunt the ., .aynet to prevent the " ,ay- .elic field from :~Ctl l~till9 swil~;l ,i. ,9 circuitry in the handpiece until the switch isdepressed by the user, and do so without becG"-i"g magnetized over time.
Each of sYJit~;hes 125,130 and 135 in~ s a rubber boot 150 positioned over the may"elic sw;tol ,i. ~y element 400. The rubber boots 150 are ru~ ed in a sheet of sil.cG,.e rubber 155 that is secured to the housing 105 of handpiece 100 by a metal cover 160.
SUBSTITUTE SHEE'r (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 The permanent magnet 405 of each ,nagn~lic sJJ;Ichillg element 400 is secured to a switch cover410 and posilioned within a cylindrical opening 415 of a switch bottom 420. The switch cover 410 serves as an ~ct~ ~tor for the switch. A spring 425 biases the switch cover 410 away from the switch bottom 420, and rubber boot 150 maintdi"s the s 't:;t~llL~y ~len,ent 400 as a single unit. In an alternative ar,al,gei~,enl, as illusl,dted in Fig. 4C switch cover 410 and switch bottom 420 are mechanically i"~,lGcl;ed so that rubber boot 150 serves no role in "~ai"l~i.,i-,y switching eleh,ent400 as a single unit. The switch cover 410 switch bottom 420 and spring 425 are made from a l "ayr,elicc.'!y soft " ,dlerial such as Ca. ,~e"ler 430F
solenoid quality n,agn~lically soft stainless steel. Other ",a~"~lic~lly soft Illat~rials such as ~"ay"elically soft iron could also be used but magnetically soft stainless steel is employed for its cG~ sion resistance.
The r"ayl,elic switching ele.ll.2nls 400 are posi~iG"ed and configured to illltrd.;i with cG"esponding Hall-effect sel~sGra that are physically isol '.ed from the sY:itchiny el~."el,ls. Each ~-,dy.-atic switching el~l"e.,l400 is positiv,,ed in a ,ecesse-l pollio" 165 ofthe housing 105. In particular each " ,ayn~lic ~ Y~it ;hil ly ele, . ,el ll 400 is l,osiliol~ecl on a recessecl shelf 170 that is sized to acco"""odale the switch L-~tlor" 420 and overlies a depr~ssiol~ 175 in the housing.
The depr~ssiGn 175 has a diar"e:ler that is slightly larger than the ~Jidlllet~r of the cylindrical opelli"y 415 of the switch bottom 420 and has a closed l,ollulll. For example, at the bottom of the dep~ssi 175 cGIle3s,~0llcliny to switch 135 is a wall 180 of the housing 105 - that physically isol~lPs the Illdy~ tiC switching cle."eot 400 from a Hall-effect sensor 500 that cor, esponds to the switch 135. This ~ 30 physical i~ol -l;ol. provides a barrier ~yai.l:,l any pc,lel,lial le~ ~ge path through the switch 135. However bec~ ~se the housing 105 is SU.,~ 111 UTE SHEET (RULE 26) made from aluminum, a non--"agl,etic ..,alarial, the ~..ag-.~lic switching element 400 is not ,.,as"~elically isol~-d from the Hall-effect sensor 500.
When switch 135 is not depr~ssed, the per -,dr,e"t magnet 405 is positioned within a volume defined by the switch cover 410 and switch bottom 420. As noted above, these eleillel~la absorb the rllayl,elic field produced by the pe,-,-d~-enL n~aS~I~et 405. When the permanent ...a$~,.el 405 is posiliGned within the volume defined by the switch cover 410 and the switch bottom 420, these eleL . ,enl~, along with the spring 425, complete a r.,agnelic circuit that prevents a significant ~GI lion (if not all) of the ~ . ,ay. ,elic field prod~ ~cecl by the ,oe. . . ~dnent . - .ayn~l 405 from r~acl -i- -5a the Hall-effect sensor 500.
That is, the magnetic field is decoupled from the Hall-effect se. .sor 500.
As illusll~al.3d in Fig. 4D, de~,re:ssi..g switch 135 c~nses a portion of the rlldyl.et 405 to extend beyond switch bollu..,420 into the depressio" 175. As noted above, the housing 105 of the 20 hanririece 100 is rnade from aluminum, a ~l~d~ial that does not absorb the magnetic field and does not shunt the magnet 405.
Thus, de~ ssi~y switch 135 c~uses a portion of the magnet 405 to move from a shunted ~osilioll to a relatively unshunted rosition.
When the ~"agl,el 405 is in the unshunted positi~.., the magnetic 25 field produce~l by ."ay-,et 405 is coupled to and senseJ by the Hall-effect sensor 500. Similar results could be Gb~ail .eJ if the housing 105 were made from another non-n~agi-~lic l--al~-idl such as plastic or austenitic non----ay,.t:lic stainless steel.
The Hall-effect sensor 500 responds to the magnetic field by sending a signal to console 205 along a m~ltirl~ed bus in cable S~ TE SHEET(RULE 26) 110. The Hall-effect sensor 500 is a model A3054SU Hall-effect sensor supplied by Allegro Microsystems Inc. of Wor.;esler Massachusetts. The sensor includes a high-ressl~ ~tion bipolar Hall-effect switching circuit that drives high-density CMOS logic stages.
5 The logic stages decode serial address pulses sent by processor 215 on the multiplexed bus and produce a res~o,lse when an appropriate adclr2ss is l~ceivcd. This r~3spo,.se is i-,dicali-/e of w h~:ll ,er the Hall-effect sensor has d~le~;ted a magnetic field.
Processor 215 l~spGnds to the signal from the Hall-effect ser.so 500 by corl-oll;ng the motor 120 in accGrdance with the function of the switch 135. The Allegro sensor also includes an input that p~ it~ con, .e~;tion of a ",echa"ical switch. Thus, if desired, a mecl,dr.ical switch could be coupled to the ~-,ay"e:tic _JIit~hilly elemenl 400 for red~."dd"~ or as a failsafe measure or could 15 replace the ~",ay"~tic _J~;t~l-i. lg eleh,er.l 400. However, such an a" dr,ye" ,enl would likely require the fic,l . ndlio- . of a physical pass~-Je through the housing 105. Other .,,aynt:lic sensor~ such as for exan"~le Hall-effect sensor:. by other manufacturers or reed switches could also be used.
Switch 135 has a stroke length on the order of 0.06 inches (i.e. the ,..as~net 405 is 0.06 closer to the Hall-effect se-,sor 500 when switch 135 is depr~ssed than it is when switch 135 is not depressed). Thus the physical disldnce between the magnet 405 and the Hall-effect sensor 500 is of little siynirical ,ce to whether the Hall~ffect sensor 500 detectx the mas~nt:lic field pro~ cecl by the ",agn6l 405. Rather the significant factor is wl,~tl,er magnet 405 is e,.l~"-Jed beyond switch bottom 420 so that the magnet 405 is no longer shunted and the magnetic field is pelllliLIt:d to reach the Hall-effect sensor 500. Magnet 405 is shunted during the first third of the Sl..,~ UTE SHEET (RULE Z6) stroke of switch 135 and is extended beyond switch bottom 420 during the second two thirds of the stroke.
Refer,i.)~ also to Figs. 5A and 5B Hall-effect sensor 500 is mounted on a circuit board 505 that is positioned in a channel 185 in the housing of the handpiece 100. The circuit board 505 is flat,15 mils thick and only slightly flexible. Hall-effect sensor 500 is positioned within a cutout in the circuit board 505, and is connected to the circuit board by leads 510 that are soldered to a pair of circuit 10 paths 515 that define the bus which ele~ ically connects the Hall-effect sensor 500 to the console 205. Wires 520 CGI 11 .e.;ted to the circuit paths 515 transmit s4,~-dls to and from the cGIls~l~ 205.
Hall-effect sel,sol~ 525 and 530 which CGIl~S~ Gnd, 15 ~~s~ecti-/ely to _J~ l.es 125 and 130 are l,o~ "ed in cutouts in the side of circuit board ~05 and loc~ie.J ~e,.edll. swit~l,es 125 and 130. Sensors 525 530 are angled relative to the circuit board 505 to accGl . ,l, ~oclale curvature of the I l-dl ,d~,iece 100 and are connected by leads 510 that are soldered to the circuit paths 515.
An ~ddiliGnal pair of Hall-effect se"sol~ 535 are posiliGI~ed ~d~ce"l to the bore 110 and r~s~JGnd to ..,a$~ in the surgical instruments to identify the type of instrument inst~ in the handpiece 100. Sensors 535 are angled and conneeted in the same way as are sensors 525 and 530. The Hall-effect se"so,s 535 detect wheli,er Illdyll~L::> are presenl in each of two chambers within a surgical instrument and provide this i..rc,~l-ldliol) to the prvcessor 215. Using this i"rul IlldLiCil~, the ~,rocessor 215 idei-lities an instrument type to which the instrument belGngs and uses the 30 instrument type to carry out s~hse~uent ,u~ocessin~~. For exa".ple the pr(~cessor 215 may use the instrument type to set the SlJ~;~ JTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 permissible range of operating spee~s for the instrument. Through use of the two Hall-effect sensors 535, up to four dirr~r~nt instrument types (i.e., no magnets, a ,nayllet in one of the chambers, a magnet in the other chamber, magnets in both chambers) may be encoded.
5 Additional Hall-effect se"sors 535 and cGr,~sponding magnet - chambers could be employed to encode larger numbers of instrument t,vpes (e.g., four Hall-effect sensors 535 could encode 16 instrument types). Techniques for er,cocJiog instrument types are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,705,038 and Re. 34,556, which are 10 entitled "Surgical System for Powered Instrument" and are incorporated by ,efer~"ce.
The circuit board 505 also incl~ es an extension 540 that aids in inse, liul l of the circuit board 505 into the cl Idl ~nel 185.
Refer.i,.g to Figs. 6A-6C, a ~ispos~l~le surgical instrument 300 for use with the surgical handpiece ~isa ~sse~l above incl~ ~des a resilient lak;l~ g ...echanis--- 310 and is configured for i.-se.lion into the handpiece 100 without manipulating the latching rnechanism 20 310 or any latcl-;,-g rechdisr.) on the handpiece. The latcl.;y mechanism 310 incl~des a cantilevered resilient arm 315 that is radially sp~ce~ from an exl~rior surface of a hub 320 of the instrument 300. A user-manipulable ,~,lea3e button 325 is mounted on the cantilevered arm with rd-oped latcl.es 330 posi~iG,.e.l on either side of the . elease button 325. Each of the l~lcl .es 330 incl~des a ramped leadi,-g edge 335 and a back-cut trailing edge 340.
The hub 320 is formed from a single piece of i- .ja~;tio,- molded plastic to which is secured a ring structure 342 that carries c~-,lilavered arm 315 so that arm 315 extends pluxi.nally and Sl.,~a 1 l l IJTE SHEET (RULE 26) cent to the exterior surface of hub 320. The ring structure 342 is joined to the distal end of the hub 320 by a snap fit. In alternative arranyelllen~s~ the ring structure could be integral to the hub or secured to the proximal end of the hub. When the ring structure is 5 secured to the pn~xi" ,al end of the hub, the o, ienLaliun of the latci ,es 330 relative to the resilient arm 315 are reversed so that the lalcl,es 330 continue to have ,a"".ed leading edges and back-cut trailing edges.
Refer, i"g also to Figs. 1, 3A, 7A and 7B, the bore 110 of the handpiece 100 is configured to engage with the latcllilly ."echd~.ism 310 of the surgical instrument 300. For this purpose, the exterior surface of the distal end of the handpiece inc~des a rc~cesse.l portion 600 having a slot 605 for i"se, li~" of the r~,lease button 325 15 of the surgical instrument when the hub 320 is il ,se, led into the bore 110. The ,~cessed portion is provided for ease of o~Jerdliol) and helps to eliminate any chauce that a surgical instrument posiliol,ed in the l ,a" ~ ie~e will be inadve, le. .li~ rele~sed.
An annular flange 610 within the bore 110 enyayes the rdll.ped lalcl,es 330 of the surgical instrument to axially secure the instrument to the han~lpiece 100. The annular flange 610 has a ramp-sha~ed leadi.-g edge 615 and a back-cut trailing edge 620.
With the excqJlicin of the region defined by the slot 605, the annular 25 flange exl~- ,ds around the entire i, .lt:rior diar. .eter of the bore 110.
However, a partial flange could also be used. Indeed, the only fiJ~Ictional li,..it~lion on the flange is that it engage the lak,l.;..y mechanism 310. As such, the annular flange 610 need not include ~ a ramp-shaped lead;ny edge or a back-cut trailing edge and could 30 have, for example, a square o m'e~;tdl ,gular cross section. In SlJt~ t 11 ~ITE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/176Z5 addition, should e~cessive wear be a concer" the annular flange 108 could be formed with a steel insert.
~ A guide slot 625 interacts with a tab 345 that protrudes from 5 surgical instrument hub 320 to radially secure the surgical instrument to the handriece and prevent ~ul~lioo of the surgical instrument in respGrise to torque a~,plied by the motor 120. As illusl,dLed, the guide slot 625 only e~lends through a portion of the radial di",ensic;" of the han~lpiece and is configured to accept an 10 equally sized tab. The dilllellsiGns of the guide slot and the tab may be varied to prevent the use of certain surgical instruments in conjunction with certain handpieces. For example, an alternative I ,dndpiece could include a guide slot e~ ndi"y completely through the radial dilllellsiG... Surgical instruments configured for use only 15 with the all~:l . .dli~e handpiece could include a tab that is longer in the radial di.~;tiol. than is the guide slot of the presenl l,d.,-lr-icce so that those instruments would not be allachable to the present 1-- .-d~ iece. This and..yen.ert would still permit surgical instruments that are dlld~;l -dL,le to the present handpiece to be dlla.:l .e-l to the 20 aller..dti~/e handpi2ce.
The tab 345 is lo~l~d on the hub 320 G~,posile the lalcl .i. ~y l"echanis... 310 and distally of the . Iea3e button 325. ACCGrd;IIYIY~
radial alig- .r. .ent of the tab 345 with the guide slot 625 as the surgical instrument 300 is inserted into the hai)dpiece 100 is ensured by alignment of the release button 325 in the slot 605.
With ,t:re.ence also to Figs. 8A-8D, the latchi--y mechanism 310 of the surgical instrument 300 permits an operator to fixedly engage the surgical instrument 300 with the handpiece 100 by merely inserting the hub 320 into the bore 110 of the han~lpiece 100.
SU~ 1 l l UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/1762S
The hub is inserted with the release button 325 aligned with the siot 605, which has a flared ope"i"g to ease aliyl.r"e,)l (Fig. 1). As the hub is inserted, the ramped lead;"g edges 335 of the ,d""~ed latches 330 engage with the ramped leading edge 615 of the annular flange 610 (Fig. 8A). Additional i"se, lion force c~ses the resilient arm 315 to bend as the r~."~,ed leading edges move past each other (Fig. 8B). Eventually, the trailing edges 340 of the ramped lalcl ,es 330 pass the trailing edge 620 of the annular flange 610 (Fig. 8C). At this point, the resilient ann 315 returns to its 10 normal, unbent o,ienlalion and the ramped latches 330 snap into place with their trailing edges agdi. lat the trailing edge of the annular flange 610 (Fig 8D). Rec~use the trailing edges of both the annular flange 610 and the rd""~ed Idlches 330 are back-cut, the hub 320 moves slightly toward the distal end of the handpiece 100 when the 15 latches 330 snap into place.
Rer~"i"g to Figs. 6A~C, the surgical instrument 300 inc~des a drive shaft 350 that is i"sel led into the hub 320. The drive shaft 350 inc~ucles an e~ lsiGI ~ 355 that engayas with the spring-lo~ded, sealed drive shaft 115 of the l ,al -dpiecs 100. When the surgical 20 instrument 300 is ,~,ositior.ed in the handpiece 100, rolatioll of the drive shaft 115 G~l~ses the drive sha~ 350 to rotate. Techniques for sealing the drive shaft 115 are desc, iL,ed in U.S. Patent No.
5,133,729, which is ~I ,lille~3 "Motor-Driven Hand-Piece for a Surgical Tool" and is i..cGr~.GralesJ by (efer~sl-ce.
To ease ali~ "ent of exlei-siol- 355 with drive shaft 115, extension 355 inc~des a drill tip configuration 357 with sloped, canted edges at its ~ruxi",al end. If exlti,sio" 355 is not aligned with drive shaft 115 as the surgical instrument is inse, led intQ the 30 handpiece, the drill tip configuration 357 e"yayes with the drive shaft 115 and c~uses the e~l~nsiol- 355 (along with the drive shaft 350) to rotate until the extension and the drive shaff are properly aligned.
The spring loadi"g of drive shaff 115 effects a distally 5 directed force againsl the hub 320 through the drive shaff 350. This force serves to secure the surgical instrument 300 in the bore 110.
Additi~"al securing force is provided by a CGIll,~' -nt rubber seal 365 that is secured to the hub 320 by a pair of tabs 367 and provides a fluid-tight seal with the walls of the bore 110.
When the ,d,nped lalc;l,es 330 are en$~aye-J with the trailing edge of the annular flange 610, the spring 190 of the drive shaff 115 is cGInpressed and exerts a force agai.,~l the ,~,."~ed lalches 330 through the drive shaff 350 and the hub 320. This force secures the 15 rclr"ped latches 330 ag~i. .st the annular flange 610. Since the trailing edges of both the annular flange 610 and the, - . ",l~ed lalches 330 are back-cut, the force exe, le:d by the spring 190 must be overcome before the latches 300 can be .I;senga$ied from the flange 610.
In z~d-lilisll to providing ease of e"yagel"el,l b~ ocn the handpiece 100 and the surgical instrument 300 the lalchi"g mechanism 310 permits the G,~,~rdtor to ~~lease the instrument 300 from the handpiece 100 by simply pr~ssi"g rel~ase button 325, and does not require manipulation of the l lanlJr-i~ce 100 or further manipulation of the surgical instrument 300. When the release button 325 is pressed the trailing edges of sloped ramps 330 are moved along the trailing edge of the annular flange 610 until the trailing edges no longer contact the annular flange (Fig. 8C). At that point the spring 190 of the drive shaff 115 forces the surgical WO 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 instrument 300 away from the pr~xi,.,al end of the ha,)dpiece 100 until the spring 190 is no longer co",pr~ssed.
The hub includes a pair of radially ekle"di"g cl ,ar,lL,ers 360 5 (Fig. 7B) in which may be el,~bedcle~l r,,ayllel~ 362. As r~isc~ssed above, the magnets 365 il ,ler~ct with Hall-effect devices 535 to identify the instrument type of surgical instrument 300. Each cl .a- ~ Iber 360 is covered by a plastic cap 364.
Surgical instruments may be configured to pelru.. " a variety of surgical o~~l~liolls. Numerous examples of surgical instruments are provided in for example, U.S. Patent No. 4 203 444, el -lilled "Surgical Instrument Suited ~or Closed Surgery"; U.S. Patent No.
4 274,414 el~lilled "h1e.-iscal Cutter (Surgical Instrument)"; U.S.
Patent No. 4,522 206, enlilled "Surgical lnstrument"; U.S. Patent No.
4 662,371 e,-lill~d "Surgical lnstrument"; U.S. Patent No. 4 834,729, . .lilleJ "A- Ll .rosco~,ic Surgical Instrument"; U.S. Patent No.4 842 578 e,.lilled "Surgical lnstrumentforA-Il-roscs~ic Arthroplasty"; U.S. Patent No. 4,983 179, enlilled "A-ll,roscopic Surgical Instrument"; U.S. Patent No. 5 152,744 e.-lilled "Surgical Instru. "e, .l, U.S. Patent No. 5,320 635 el ~lilled "Surgical Device";
and U.S. Patent No. 5 322 505, el~lilled "Surgical lnstrument" all of which are i,-cG",oraLed by reference. Addilional instruments are .Jesc.il,ed in U.S. Apl~lic~lio-) Serial No. 08/319,057, enlilled "Surgical lnstrument", which was filed on SeplenlL,er 23, 1994; U.S.
A,~,~,licalioll Serial No. 08/425 719, e,-lilled "Curved Surgical Instrument with Seyll~el~led Inner Melobel which was filed on April 20 1995; U.S. A,u,l~licdlion Serial No. 08/388 992 entitled "Surgical Instrument" which was filed on February 15 1995; and U.S.
Applicalicjn Serial No. 08/200 662 entitled "Surgical lnstrument"
which was filed on February 23 1994 all of which are incorporated by reference.
In the illusl,dled embodilnent, the surgical instrument 300 is a cutting instrument that includes a fixed hub 320 to which is attached a hollow outer tube 370 and a rutalable drive shaft 350 to which is attached a hollow inner tube 375. Openings in the distal ends of the tubes 370 and 375 have shdr~,e"ed edges and perforrn a cutting action when the inner tube 375 is, ulated within the outer tube 370.
While hub 320 and drive shaft 350 are made from i"j~tion-molded pl~stic tubes 370 and 375 are made from stainless steel to render the instrument readily dispos~hle. Other ."dl~,ials could be used K it was desi,dble to make the instrument reusable.
Rerer.i.,y also to Figs. 3A, 3B 7A and 7B drive shaft 350 in~ 4s an o~,e--i,-y 380 that pe,-,-it~ .ndle.ial drawn through inner tube 375 to pass into an as~ liG-- channel 630 of the l,and~i~ce 100. The l,-a"-ll-iece 100 also inc~u~4s a handle 635 that cGIlllùls a valve 640 and ll .~.el~ CGI ~l.ùl.s flow through the as~,i. dLiol . chdr")el 630. The handle 635 is posilio-)ed on the bottom of the handpiece near the distal end of the hd~ iece and rotates about an axis 645 that is pe.,uen~l;c~ to a longitudinal axis 140 of the ha"dpiece.
This Grienldlicll, permits one-l ,ande.l finger control of flow through the as~.i.dlio.. cl. ..,nel 630 by a person holding the handpiece 100.
25 The aspi.dliol - cl-d,u ,el 630 ends at an as~ :.dliGn spigot 650 at the pr~"~i".al end of the handpiece. During use the spigot 650 is connected to a source of suction (not shown).
~ Three knurled bands 655 define arcs about the cira".,rerence of the l~a n Iriece 100. These bands provide ease of yl i~ y, and are forr;ned by scori"y the outer surface of the han-llliece.
S~ l UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/lC123 PCT~US96/17625 .
Other er. ,bodin ,enla are also co-)Lel "~,lated. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 9A, an alternative laLchi-lg rnechanism 900 inci~des a release button 905 that is axially sp~Gecl from a ramped latch 910.
Due to the axial displacemenl, relatively more force must be incident on release button 905 to move ramped latch 910 than must be Znc;denl on release button 325 to move ~---,ued latch 330 radially away from flange 610. To ease assel lion of the ~d diliGIIdI force, release button 905 typically has a larger surface area than does 10 r~ se button 325. The axial displ~ce---el,t of the ~ as~ button 905 relative to the ramped latch 910 permits the flange 610 to be moved ,~roxi~ally relative to the slot 605, which can be acc~r..~,lisl)ed by sl~G.l~:r.;ng the slot, moving the flange, or a co. . ILi. Ic.liol . of the two. Movement of the flange relative to the slot elin .i. .ates the break in the flange due to the slot, while movement of the latch relative to the n,lease button ~,I;.Ili,ldles the break in the latch due to the ,_lea-~e button. This ~Je~ ita the latch and flange to ~. ,ydye each other along continuous surfaces.
As shown in Figs. 9B and 9C, a ila.. ~ cs 915 for use with the latcl~in~ ,-,ecl,d"i~r, 900 is ide,ltical to the ha"~ll.iQce 100 desc. il,e~l above with the exce,~lic,l, that the flange 920 of the ha.,~ I~.ie~e 915 is l,osilio"ed further from the distal end of the handpiece than is the flange 610 of the handpiece 100. In this conhguration, the flange 920 is posil;o~,ed pru,ci.. e.lly of the slot 605 within the bore 110 and no longer i, ILerat:~ià the slot 605.
ACCGrd;II9IY~ the flange 920 is uninterrupted and forms a continuous ring around the i, ~lel ior of the bore 110. Similar results may be obt~.i..e.l by ,..- ;..tai,.il-g the l~os;tiG~, of the flange within the bore 30 and sl ~Ol le"ing the slot 605.
S~ TE SHEET(RULE 26) The latching mechanism 310 may also be varied in other ways. For exa,r",le, Fig. 9D illuc;L,dles an all~r.,ali-/e latching mechanism 925 that incl~ ~des a release button 930 and a latch 935 - having a square cross section. Figs. 9E and 9F illustrate a lalchi"g mechdl,ls". 940 that inclu~ss a release button 945 and a r~."ped latch 950. In addition to having a ~lnped leading surface 955, the latch 950 inçl~ es a lea.Ji.,9 edge 960 that tapers to a point 965 in the longitudinal dil~ctiG,.. Similarly, a latch 970 illusl.dL,ad in Figs.
9G and 9H inclu~es a fel~ase button 975 and a latch 980 that inclucies a ramped leading surface 985 and a curved leadi.-g edge 990.
Rere, . i. ~y to Figs. 1 OA-1 OC, another dllell .dli~/e Idl~hi. 1 , - -eci-.d. .i~, . . incl~cles a tab 1000 and a tab 1005. Tab 1000 is mounted on a hub 1010 of a surgical instrument 1015. Tab 1005 is mounted on the ~roAill~al side of a spring-loaded plate 1020 that is positioned at the distal end of the hub 1010. Tabs 1000 and 1005 are ~,ositio.-ed to define an arc on the order of 170~ around the circu...rer~"ce of the hub 1010. At inst~ ion~ the hub 1010 is i, .se, led into the bore 110 of the handpiece, with the tab 1000 aligned with the slot 605. The hub is i. -se, led until tab 1000 p~sses through the gap in the flange 610 that is f~....ed by the slot 605. At that point, plate 1020 is pressed as~ai- .~l the distal end of handpiece 100 so that a spring 1025 is cG.--pr~:ssed and, bec~se the tabs 1000 and 1005 define an arc of 170~ while slots 610 and 625 of the hanririece are offset by 180~, tab 1005 is not aligned with slot 625.
Once the tab 1000 clears the gap, the hub 1010 is .~ldted until the tab 1005 aligns with the siot 625 and snaps into place to lock the hub 1010 within the bore. The instrument is removed from the bore by pulling the plate 1020 away from the ha" ', ie c e 100 until the tab Sl~ JTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 1005 is out of the slot 625 and r~tdlir)g the hub 1010 until the tab 1000 aligns with the gap in the flange 610.
Referring to Figs. 11A and 11B, the latching ",echd"i_.n also 5 may be i-"~,ler.)ented with a spring-loaded plunger 1100 positioned in an indenlaliol~ 1105 in the hub 1110 of a surgical instrument. A
spring 1 115 could be a separate co..~~oi,el1t or ~,lolded with the plunger 1 100.
Rer~iny to Fig. 12, the latching r"echa~ ." 310 also may be incG".oraled into an adapter 1200 for co"ne.:ti,)g a hub of a surgical instrument to a l,and~iece. The aclapter 1200 includes a ,~ruxillldl end 1205 for insertion into the bore 110 of the handpiece and a distal end 1210 configured for alla.~ e-)l to a hub of a surgical 1 5 instrument.
Other el l lbodi~ ~ ~enls are within the f~ /J;. ,~ claims.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26~
A SURGIC~I nFvlc~
This invention relates to handpieces for powered surgical 5 systems.
=
Surgical handpieces may operate a variety of surgical instruments. Typically, a surgical ha-ld,~Jiece includes a housing that CGI ILdil IS a motor. The motor rotates a drive shaft coupled to the 10 motor to transmit power to a surgical instrument through the drive shaft.
A surgical ha, Id~Jiece may also include one or more switches for activating and conllulling the motor. For example, Rexroth, U.S.
Patent No. 5,217,478, describes a surgical handpiece that incl~ldes four switches configured to tum the motor on and off, to change the roldliGn dire~;tio,) of the motor between forward and reverse, and to i"cr~dse or de.;l~ase the luldliGIl speed of the motor. Each switch incl~cles a pair of switch COI llacts posiliGI led to be conductively 20 bridged upon depr~ssion of the switch.
Howeverthestrictreq~ menlforslerlisEdinstrullle"ldliGr,in surgery necessi~tes that such handpieces are ~u~cl~ved but typical sterili~dlioll techniques preclude this, especidlly where 25 magnetic switches are involved. It is therer~,re an object of the present invention to overco,lle this problem.
~ Accordi"yly, there is provided an a~ardllJs for conll~ lli"y a- surgical device, comprising:
a housing; and SUcs~ 1 l l UTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 a magnetic switching element mounted on the housing, the magnetic switch element including;
a ..,a~neL, a rllayl~elic sensor configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an ~ctu~tor mounted on the housing for movement between a first position in which a magnetic field of the .nay-.et is decoupled from the magnetic sensor to a seco ud position to couple the magnetic field to the Illayll-:lic sensor so as to cl,d"ye a value of the 10 control signal produce~l by the ~,,aynclic sensor.
In one acpect generally, the invention features an appa,dLus for cG"l,olling a surgical device. The a,u~Jdldlus inrludes a housing and one or more l.ldyn~lic switching ele-.,e~.ls mounted on the 15 housing. Each ~ - ~aynelic switching element incl~ ~ss a . . ldynet~ a ~..ay,.~lic sensor and an ~ct~r. The ~-layllelic sel-sor produces a control signal for controlling the surgical device. The ~C~ tor is mounted on the housing and moves from a first ~osiliGn in which a magnetic field of the ,na~--et is cleco~pled from the magnetic sensor 20 to a seco,.d rositisn to couple the ~--aynelic field to the magnetic sensor so as to cha. .ge a value of the control signal produced by the ma~rl~lic s~,.sor.
The invention provides a mgged, solid state design that 25 requires no interaction betwccn mechdnical parts. Recause no ".ecl.an;cal i.,l~rd~;liol, is required, the ,,~ayllet may be physically isolated from the ",a~ lic sensor. This ensures that the sw;tches do not provide a leahaye path into the apparatus, which, in turn, means that the appardl.Js may be made fully autoclavable.
SlJ~ 111 ~JTE SHEET (RULE 26) - =. =
Embodiments of the invention may inciude one or more of the following features. The magnetic switching ele",a"t may include magnetically soft material posiliGned so that movement of the actuator c~ ~ses relative movement between the magnet and the 5 magnetically soft material. The magnet may be coupled to the ~ctu~tor so that movement of the ~ch ~tor c~uses movement of the magnet. In ~ddition, the ,.,agnelically soft ",aleridl may be configured to sul,~ ,lially absorb the " ,agoelic field produced by the ,,,ayrlel when the ~bJ~tor is in the first posilioll and not to 10 sub~l~r,lially absorb the magnetic field pro~ ced by the h,ay"et when the ~ctu~tor is in the second position.
The "~ay"et may be physically isol ~ (1 from the magnetic sensor. For example, the magnet may be separated from the 15 r"ag,.elic sensor by a wall of the housing.
The housing may be the housing of a surgical handpiece that colll~il ls a motor, and the control signal produced by the ",agnelic sensor may be used in controlling operation of the motor The mdy.,elically soft ",alerial may include a switch bottom having a cylindrical opening, and the ",ag"et may be positioned in the cylindrical G~Jel-illg when the ~ctu~tor is in the first position, and e~lal)dad beyond the cylindrical opening when the ~Ctl ~tor is in the 25 second posilion. The cyli. ~d~ ical Opê~ y may be posiliGr,ed over a dep~essio, I in an e~.le,ior surface of the housing that is configured to receive the " ,agl let and has a closed bottom.
.
The ",ay"elically soft r"aterial may also include a switch 30 cover secured to the Illayllèt. The switch cover may be biased StJ~;~ JTE SHEE~ (RULE 26~
away from the cylind, ical opening by a spring, and the switch l~ollui "
and the switch cover may be mechanically interiocked.
The Illagnelic sensor may be mounted on a subst~ntially flat 5 circuit board that is positioned within the housing. Examples of magnetic ser,so, a include Hall-effect devices and reed s~itcl ,es.
A dis~dl~ce between a posiliGn of the magnet when the ~ctl~t.or is in the first posiliGi) and a ~Josilion of the magnet when the 10 ~ctl~tor is in the second position may be less than 0.1 inches (2.6mm) For exa,n~,le, the di:,ldl ,ce may be on the order of 0.06 inches (1.53mm).
In another ~spl?ct generally, the invention features an 15 a~JIJardlUS may for co, .llull;~ ,9 a surgical device. The d,J~drdll.JS
includes a housing and ,--aynelicsw;tcllilly eleme.)la mounted on the housing. Each ~dyl~clic _JJitcl)iny element may include a ,..ay..,2l l)o~itiG..ed ol~t~i~4 of the housing, a l..~gnc:lic se,.sor l)osili~ne-l inside the housing and physically isol~ c~ from th 20 n,aynet by a wall of the housing, and an ~hl~tor mounted on the housing for movement from a first position in which a magnetic field of the magnet is rl9CO!lpl'3':l from the r.,ag--elic sensor to a second posi~ion to couple the magnetic field to the Illaylletic sensor so as to cl-a,.ge a value of a control signal pro~ced by the ...ag..elic sensor.
Embodi.,.e,-la of the invention rnay include one or more of the fcll~ -y features. Each of the Illdg~ ic switching elements may include magnelically soft Illdlelidl, and may be configured so that movement of the ~ctu~tor c~ses relative movement between the Illd9net and the magnetically soft material. For exd-.-~ , the magnet may be co!lrlerl to the ~ctu~tor so that movel--e--l of the ~ctu~tor c~ ~ses movement of the . . ~ay~ .et.
SU~;~ JTE SHEET ~RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 The magnetically soft material may include a switch cover secured to the ,.,agoet and a switch bottom having a cylindrical opening. The magnet may positioned in the cylindrical opening 5 when the actuator is in the first position and extended beyond the ~ cylindrical Gpel lil Iy when the ~ctl~tor is in the second position. The magnetically soft " ,dlerial also may be configured to sul~sl--, .lially absorb a Illaynelic field produced by the magnet when the ~ctu~tor is in the first positiGn and not to s~ al~nl;ally absorb the magnetic 10 field produced by the ~"agr,et when the ~ct~tor is in the second position.
In a further aspect of the presenl invention there is provided a surgical system cGIl)priainy the appardl.ls as here;.lbt:rore desc,iLed 15 and a surgical instrument.
In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a surgical system as hereinbefore clesc, il,ecl in kit form.
Other features and adva, .layes of the invention will beco",e apparent from the f~'l J/;~ ,9 des~ Jtion of the ~,r~f~r,ed embodi",enla, including the dr-vl;ngs and from the claims.
Sl,~ UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 Brief nescription of the Dr~w,. ,~s Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical handpiece.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a surgical system including the handpiece of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3A is a side cross se.;tio"al view of a surgical handpiece.
Fig. 3B is an enlarged portion of the cross sectiGnal view of Fig. 3A.
Fig. 4A is an exploded top pera~ecli~e view of a ~llayl)~lic 10 switchingelementofthel,ar,d~ ceofFig. 1.
Fig. 4B is a bottom perspective view of the ."a~nelic swilcl,i"y element of Fig. 4A.
Fig. 4C is a cross se~lic,nal view of an alL~, . ,dli-/e magnetic s~il~:hiny eleme,lL
Fig. 4D is a cross sectional view of the .,~ag, .~ s ~/itcl.i. .9 eler"e.ll of Fig. 4A in a depressed l)os;liol).
Fig. 5A is a top view of a circuit board of the handpiece of Fig.
1.
Fig. 5B is an end view of the circuit board of Fig. 5A.
Fig. 6A is a perspective view of a surgical instrument configured for dllact".,enl to the handpiece of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6B is a perspective view of a hub and drive shaft of the surgical instrument of Fig. 6A.
Fig. 6C is a side view of the hub and drive shaft of Fig. 6B.
Fig. 7A is a cross se-,tiG,.al side view of an i~L~rdce between the handpiece of Fig. 1 and the hub and drive shaft of Figs. 6A~C, taken at the longitudinal axis of the handpiece.
Fig. 7B is a cross sectional side view of the inle, rdce of Fig. r 7A, offset from the longitudinal axis of the hal .d~ i~ce.
Figs. 8A-8D are fu"~liG--al ~iayldr.. s of the lalcl-i--g mechanisms of the interface of Fig. 7A.
S~ ITE SHEE~ ~RULE 26) Fig. 9A is a side view of an alternative latching " ,ecl ,anis" ,.
Fig. 9B is a top view of an end of a handpiece configured for interaction with the latching mechanism of Fig. 9A.
Fig. 9C is a sectional view of the ha"dpi~ce end of Fig. 9B
taken along seclion 9C-9C.
Fig. 9D-9H are side and top views of other allt:llldli-/e lalchi"g mechanisms.
Figs. 10A-10C are perspective and plan views of an 10 aller"dlive latching mechanism.
Figs. 11A and 11 B are perspective views of an alle",dli~e lalchi"g ",acl,..ni:,r,).
Fig. 12 is a side view of an ada~,ler including the latcl,i"y mechanism of Figs. 6A~C.
nesc,u.lio" ofthe rl~fer,ed Fmbo,ljmenb With r~r~re"ce to Figs.1 and 2 a l-lotori~eJ reusable surgical handpiece 100 (Fig.1) is configured to G,~rale a variety of ~lisl~os~ e (or re~s~h) surgical instruments. The handpiece has a generally cyliaJrical shape, with a teard,c",-shaped cross se-1io", and in ::ludes a housing 105 made from a non-",ag,le:lic "~al~.ial such as aluminum. At its distal end the hdl l'Jpi~ Ce inrl- ~des a cylindrical bore 110 for dU7a;:l1111611l of a surgical instrument. Within the bore 110 is a drive shaft 115 that is coupled to a motor 120 positio"eJ within the 1,- ndpiece 100. The 1.- . ri--s incl-~des pushbutton switches 125 130 and 135 that produce siy"als for use in conl,olling the motor 120. The han~lpiece 100, including the pushbutton switches 125 130 and 135, is fully ~utocl~vable.
SU~3111 UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 The handpiece 100 is employed in a surgical system 200 that includes the hal~dpiece, a cons-le 205, a surgical instrument 300 (or a set of surgical instruments), and a foot control asse~ ly 210. A
processor 215 posilio~ed within the col.s~l~ 205 co-.L.ols the 5 operating speed and dir~;tio.. of the motor 120 of the handpiece 100. This, in turn, controls the operating speed and direction of the surgical instrument 300. For exa...~,le, when the surgical instrument 300 includes an active portion 305 (such as a cutting blade or an abrading burr) that n~tales about the longitudinal axis 140 of the hand,~iece 100, the processor 215 cGIlllols the di.t:clio.~ and speed at which the active portion 305 rotates.
The p.ocessor 215 col-l-~l~ the motor 120 in response to signals from the pushbutton _ ~:;t ;hes 125,130 and 135, the co- s ~ ' o 205, and the foot control assel,lbly 210. In ~d~ l;lic;.l, as ~isc~ssed below, the l -a, ~dpiece 100 provides the ~urvcessor 215 with inrurl ~ ~aliGI ~ i. ,dicdli-re of the instrument type of the surgical instrument ~,osilioned in the l ,an.ll iece. The handpiece 100 is connected to the COnS~I? 205 by a cable 145 that is attached to the 20 prl.xi.,.al end of the ha..dpicce by a thrl:aded con,-ector 146.
In ~ ;liGIl to the processor 215, the colls~l~ 205 includes a power switch 220 for activating or deactivating the system, and buttons to i..~.~ase (225) or dec.~ase (230) the speed of the 25 hal.dt.iece motor 120. To display irol,.,alio, the cGIls~l9 inc~des a sixl~en character fluorescent display 235 for diasJIloalic ~--essayas, digital displays of the motor speed (240) and the ~e.--.issiL,le range for the motor speed (245, 250), and a bar graph display 255 of the motor speed within the pe. " .issiLle range. The foot control assel"bly 210 is attached to the console 205 through a cable 260 and permits an operator to select between forward, reverse and SlJ~ 111 ~JTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 oscillate modes of G~.eralio" for the motor 120 of the l ,andpiece 100.
Alternatively, the foot control asseml,ly can be used to control the position of an operative poi liol l of the surgical instrument.
Rerer.i"y also to Figs. 3A and 3B, the three pushbutton switches 125, 130 and 135 are alldched to the exterior of the housing 105 and are physically isol~'ed from the ele-;t-u.,ic circuitry associated with the u w;lcl~es by a wall of the housing. This isol -lioo ensures that the u ~r~it.;~.es do not provide a leakage path to the ele~;t- vl ~ics and ll .er~by ensures that the hdn~ ce 100 and the switches 125, 130 and 135 are ~utocl~vable. In :~d'litiGIl, no se,vardle seal is required to isolate the sv~itcl.es from the circuitry.
The switcl .es, which are round and ider.lically sized, are loc~e~ I
near the distal end of the handpiece 100 and are a, . dl ,ye~J in a triangular configuration. Fewer or more s/:;t~;l .es (e.g., two or four sw;t~l.es) could be used and the sJ~itcl.es could be an,al-yc~ in a dirr~rl3nl configuration.
As allea~ly disc~ssed, the switches 125, 130 and 135 provide signals to the ,~r~cessor 215 through cable 145, and the pr~,cessor 215 uses the control siynals to control the motor 120 in the hal ~~J~iece 100. The fu. ..;tions of the sw;tches need not be ex~,licitly deri.,ed and may be configured by prl,yr~n--.ling the pr~cessor 215.
For example, switch 125 may cause the processor 215 to control the 25 motor 120 to cycle through forward, reverse and os~~il' ~le modes of o,~e.dliol" while switch 130 c~ses the p-ucessorto cycle the motor through a circular range of speecls and switch 135 c~nses the ~.1 ocessor to activate or deactivate the motor.
In anoll.er configuration, the sw;tcl)es ~esp~~ /ely cause the ~,rucessor to control the motor to operate in a forward mode (switch Sl,~ 111 ~ITE SHEET ~RULE 26) 125), a reverse mode (switch 130), or an oscill -l~ mode (switch 135). In this al~r-,dli~/e configuration, pr~ssi"g any one of the switches activates the motor and c~ ~ses the motor to operate in the corresponding mode. Thereafter, pressing any switch deactivates 5 the motor. To switch, for example, from the fonNard Gperdli..g mode to the reverse operating mode, an operator would press any one of the three :..vit.;l .es to deactivate the motor and would II ,erearler press switch 130 to reactivate the motor in the reverse mode.
Each of swit~;l,es 125,130 and 135 also may have multiple full~iliGIls. For e~d-,-~,le, quickly pr~ssiny a switch may cause the motor to switch beh~ccn folward and reverse modes of operation while continually ,~lessi.,y the switch c~uses the motor to G~e,~te in an osc~ liG" mode. Similarly, guickly ,.,rt:ssi"y a switch may 15 activate the motorwhile continually pl~SSi"y the switch gradually inc.eases the speed of the motor or c~ the ~,osi~ion of an oper~ /e PGI I;OI ~ of the surgical instrument as diccl ~ssed above.
Refe:.i..~ also to Figs.4A and 4B, each of switches 125, 130 and 135 co"",,i~es a .. ,~yn~lic switching ele.-,eut 400 that inclu~les a permanent ,.,ay-~et 405 surrounded by ~ y~ licall~ soft I"alerial.
The ~-,dyl,~lically soft ",alerial absGll,s the n~ay~ lic field prod~ced by nldgnel 405 to shunt the ., .aynet to prevent the " ,ay- .elic field from :~Ctl l~till9 swil~;l ,i. ,9 circuitry in the handpiece until the switch isdepressed by the user, and do so without becG"-i"g magnetized over time.
Each of sYJit~;hes 125,130 and 135 in~ s a rubber boot 150 positioned over the may"elic sw;tol ,i. ~y element 400. The rubber boots 150 are ru~ ed in a sheet of sil.cG,.e rubber 155 that is secured to the housing 105 of handpiece 100 by a metal cover 160.
SUBSTITUTE SHEE'r (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 The permanent magnet 405 of each ,nagn~lic sJJ;Ichillg element 400 is secured to a switch cover410 and posilioned within a cylindrical opening 415 of a switch bottom 420. The switch cover 410 serves as an ~ct~ ~tor for the switch. A spring 425 biases the switch cover 410 away from the switch bottom 420, and rubber boot 150 maintdi"s the s 't:;t~llL~y ~len,ent 400 as a single unit. In an alternative ar,al,gei~,enl, as illusl,dted in Fig. 4C switch cover 410 and switch bottom 420 are mechanically i"~,lGcl;ed so that rubber boot 150 serves no role in "~ai"l~i.,i-,y switching eleh,ent400 as a single unit. The switch cover 410 switch bottom 420 and spring 425 are made from a l "ayr,elicc.'!y soft " ,dlerial such as Ca. ,~e"ler 430F
solenoid quality n,agn~lically soft stainless steel. Other ",a~"~lic~lly soft Illat~rials such as ~"ay"elically soft iron could also be used but magnetically soft stainless steel is employed for its cG~ sion resistance.
The r"ayl,elic switching ele.ll.2nls 400 are posi~iG"ed and configured to illltrd.;i with cG"esponding Hall-effect sel~sGra that are physically isol '.ed from the sY:itchiny el~."el,ls. Each ~-,dy.-atic switching el~l"e.,l400 is positiv,,ed in a ,ecesse-l pollio" 165 ofthe housing 105. In particular each " ,ayn~lic ~ Y~it ;hil ly ele, . ,el ll 400 is l,osiliol~ecl on a recessecl shelf 170 that is sized to acco"""odale the switch L-~tlor" 420 and overlies a depr~ssiol~ 175 in the housing.
The depr~ssiGn 175 has a diar"e:ler that is slightly larger than the ~Jidlllet~r of the cylindrical opelli"y 415 of the switch bottom 420 and has a closed l,ollulll. For example, at the bottom of the dep~ssi 175 cGIle3s,~0llcliny to switch 135 is a wall 180 of the housing 105 - that physically isol~lPs the Illdy~ tiC switching cle."eot 400 from a Hall-effect sensor 500 that cor, esponds to the switch 135. This ~ 30 physical i~ol -l;ol. provides a barrier ~yai.l:,l any pc,lel,lial le~ ~ge path through the switch 135. However bec~ ~se the housing 105 is SU.,~ 111 UTE SHEET (RULE 26) made from aluminum, a non--"agl,etic ..,alarial, the ~..ag-.~lic switching element 400 is not ,.,as"~elically isol~-d from the Hall-effect sensor 500.
When switch 135 is not depr~ssed, the per -,dr,e"t magnet 405 is positioned within a volume defined by the switch cover 410 and switch bottom 420. As noted above, these eleillel~la absorb the rllayl,elic field produced by the pe,-,-d~-enL n~aS~I~et 405. When the permanent ...a$~,.el 405 is posiliGned within the volume defined by the switch cover 410 and the switch bottom 420, these eleL . ,enl~, along with the spring 425, complete a r.,agnelic circuit that prevents a significant ~GI lion (if not all) of the ~ . ,ay. ,elic field prod~ ~cecl by the ,oe. . . ~dnent . - .ayn~l 405 from r~acl -i- -5a the Hall-effect sensor 500.
That is, the magnetic field is decoupled from the Hall-effect se. .sor 500.
As illusll~al.3d in Fig. 4D, de~,re:ssi..g switch 135 c~nses a portion of the rlldyl.et 405 to extend beyond switch bollu..,420 into the depressio" 175. As noted above, the housing 105 of the 20 hanririece 100 is rnade from aluminum, a ~l~d~ial that does not absorb the magnetic field and does not shunt the magnet 405.
Thus, de~ ssi~y switch 135 c~uses a portion of the magnet 405 to move from a shunted ~osilioll to a relatively unshunted rosition.
When the ~"agl,el 405 is in the unshunted positi~.., the magnetic 25 field produce~l by ."ay-,et 405 is coupled to and senseJ by the Hall-effect sensor 500. Similar results could be Gb~ail .eJ if the housing 105 were made from another non-n~agi-~lic l--al~-idl such as plastic or austenitic non----ay,.t:lic stainless steel.
The Hall-effect sensor 500 responds to the magnetic field by sending a signal to console 205 along a m~ltirl~ed bus in cable S~ TE SHEET(RULE 26) 110. The Hall-effect sensor 500 is a model A3054SU Hall-effect sensor supplied by Allegro Microsystems Inc. of Wor.;esler Massachusetts. The sensor includes a high-ressl~ ~tion bipolar Hall-effect switching circuit that drives high-density CMOS logic stages.
5 The logic stages decode serial address pulses sent by processor 215 on the multiplexed bus and produce a res~o,lse when an appropriate adclr2ss is l~ceivcd. This r~3spo,.se is i-,dicali-/e of w h~:ll ,er the Hall-effect sensor has d~le~;ted a magnetic field.
Processor 215 l~spGnds to the signal from the Hall-effect ser.so 500 by corl-oll;ng the motor 120 in accGrdance with the function of the switch 135. The Allegro sensor also includes an input that p~ it~ con, .e~;tion of a ",echa"ical switch. Thus, if desired, a mecl,dr.ical switch could be coupled to the ~-,ay"e:tic _JIit~hilly elemenl 400 for red~."dd"~ or as a failsafe measure or could 15 replace the ~",ay"~tic _J~;t~l-i. lg eleh,er.l 400. However, such an a" dr,ye" ,enl would likely require the fic,l . ndlio- . of a physical pass~-Je through the housing 105. Other .,,aynt:lic sensor~ such as for exan"~le Hall-effect sensor:. by other manufacturers or reed switches could also be used.
Switch 135 has a stroke length on the order of 0.06 inches (i.e. the ,..as~net 405 is 0.06 closer to the Hall-effect se-,sor 500 when switch 135 is depr~ssed than it is when switch 135 is not depressed). Thus the physical disldnce between the magnet 405 and the Hall-effect sensor 500 is of little siynirical ,ce to whether the Hall~ffect sensor 500 detectx the mas~nt:lic field pro~ cecl by the ",agn6l 405. Rather the significant factor is wl,~tl,er magnet 405 is e,.l~"-Jed beyond switch bottom 420 so that the magnet 405 is no longer shunted and the magnetic field is pelllliLIt:d to reach the Hall-effect sensor 500. Magnet 405 is shunted during the first third of the Sl..,~ UTE SHEET (RULE Z6) stroke of switch 135 and is extended beyond switch bottom 420 during the second two thirds of the stroke.
Refer,i.)~ also to Figs. 5A and 5B Hall-effect sensor 500 is mounted on a circuit board 505 that is positioned in a channel 185 in the housing of the handpiece 100. The circuit board 505 is flat,15 mils thick and only slightly flexible. Hall-effect sensor 500 is positioned within a cutout in the circuit board 505, and is connected to the circuit board by leads 510 that are soldered to a pair of circuit 10 paths 515 that define the bus which ele~ ically connects the Hall-effect sensor 500 to the console 205. Wires 520 CGI 11 .e.;ted to the circuit paths 515 transmit s4,~-dls to and from the cGIls~l~ 205.
Hall-effect sel,sol~ 525 and 530 which CGIl~S~ Gnd, 15 ~~s~ecti-/ely to _J~ l.es 125 and 130 are l,o~ "ed in cutouts in the side of circuit board ~05 and loc~ie.J ~e,.edll. swit~l,es 125 and 130. Sensors 525 530 are angled relative to the circuit board 505 to accGl . ,l, ~oclale curvature of the I l-dl ,d~,iece 100 and are connected by leads 510 that are soldered to the circuit paths 515.
An ~ddiliGnal pair of Hall-effect se"sol~ 535 are posiliGI~ed ~d~ce"l to the bore 110 and r~s~JGnd to ..,a$~ in the surgical instruments to identify the type of instrument inst~ in the handpiece 100. Sensors 535 are angled and conneeted in the same way as are sensors 525 and 530. The Hall-effect se"so,s 535 detect wheli,er Illdyll~L::> are presenl in each of two chambers within a surgical instrument and provide this i..rc,~l-ldliol) to the prvcessor 215. Using this i"rul IlldLiCil~, the ~,rocessor 215 idei-lities an instrument type to which the instrument belGngs and uses the 30 instrument type to carry out s~hse~uent ,u~ocessin~~. For exa".ple the pr(~cessor 215 may use the instrument type to set the SlJ~;~ JTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 permissible range of operating spee~s for the instrument. Through use of the two Hall-effect sensors 535, up to four dirr~r~nt instrument types (i.e., no magnets, a ,nayllet in one of the chambers, a magnet in the other chamber, magnets in both chambers) may be encoded.
5 Additional Hall-effect se"sors 535 and cGr,~sponding magnet - chambers could be employed to encode larger numbers of instrument t,vpes (e.g., four Hall-effect sensors 535 could encode 16 instrument types). Techniques for er,cocJiog instrument types are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,705,038 and Re. 34,556, which are 10 entitled "Surgical System for Powered Instrument" and are incorporated by ,efer~"ce.
The circuit board 505 also incl~ es an extension 540 that aids in inse, liul l of the circuit board 505 into the cl Idl ~nel 185.
Refer.i,.g to Figs. 6A-6C, a ~ispos~l~le surgical instrument 300 for use with the surgical handpiece ~isa ~sse~l above incl~ ~des a resilient lak;l~ g ...echanis--- 310 and is configured for i.-se.lion into the handpiece 100 without manipulating the latching rnechanism 20 310 or any latcl-;,-g rechdisr.) on the handpiece. The latcl.;y mechanism 310 incl~des a cantilevered resilient arm 315 that is radially sp~ce~ from an exl~rior surface of a hub 320 of the instrument 300. A user-manipulable ,~,lea3e button 325 is mounted on the cantilevered arm with rd-oped latcl.es 330 posi~iG,.e.l on either side of the . elease button 325. Each of the l~lcl .es 330 incl~des a ramped leadi,-g edge 335 and a back-cut trailing edge 340.
The hub 320 is formed from a single piece of i- .ja~;tio,- molded plastic to which is secured a ring structure 342 that carries c~-,lilavered arm 315 so that arm 315 extends pluxi.nally and Sl.,~a 1 l l IJTE SHEET (RULE 26) cent to the exterior surface of hub 320. The ring structure 342 is joined to the distal end of the hub 320 by a snap fit. In alternative arranyelllen~s~ the ring structure could be integral to the hub or secured to the proximal end of the hub. When the ring structure is 5 secured to the pn~xi" ,al end of the hub, the o, ienLaliun of the latci ,es 330 relative to the resilient arm 315 are reversed so that the lalcl,es 330 continue to have ,a"".ed leading edges and back-cut trailing edges.
Refer, i"g also to Figs. 1, 3A, 7A and 7B, the bore 110 of the handpiece 100 is configured to engage with the latcllilly ."echd~.ism 310 of the surgical instrument 300. For this purpose, the exterior surface of the distal end of the handpiece inc~des a rc~cesse.l portion 600 having a slot 605 for i"se, li~" of the r~,lease button 325 15 of the surgical instrument when the hub 320 is il ,se, led into the bore 110. The ,~cessed portion is provided for ease of o~Jerdliol) and helps to eliminate any chauce that a surgical instrument posiliol,ed in the l ,a" ~ ie~e will be inadve, le. .li~ rele~sed.
An annular flange 610 within the bore 110 enyayes the rdll.ped lalcl,es 330 of the surgical instrument to axially secure the instrument to the han~lpiece 100. The annular flange 610 has a ramp-sha~ed leadi.-g edge 615 and a back-cut trailing edge 620.
With the excqJlicin of the region defined by the slot 605, the annular 25 flange exl~- ,ds around the entire i, .lt:rior diar. .eter of the bore 110.
However, a partial flange could also be used. Indeed, the only fiJ~Ictional li,..it~lion on the flange is that it engage the lak,l.;..y mechanism 310. As such, the annular flange 610 need not include ~ a ramp-shaped lead;ny edge or a back-cut trailing edge and could 30 have, for example, a square o m'e~;tdl ,gular cross section. In SlJt~ t 11 ~ITE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/176Z5 addition, should e~cessive wear be a concer" the annular flange 108 could be formed with a steel insert.
~ A guide slot 625 interacts with a tab 345 that protrudes from 5 surgical instrument hub 320 to radially secure the surgical instrument to the handriece and prevent ~ul~lioo of the surgical instrument in respGrise to torque a~,plied by the motor 120. As illusl,dLed, the guide slot 625 only e~lends through a portion of the radial di",ensic;" of the han~lpiece and is configured to accept an 10 equally sized tab. The dilllellsiGns of the guide slot and the tab may be varied to prevent the use of certain surgical instruments in conjunction with certain handpieces. For example, an alternative I ,dndpiece could include a guide slot e~ ndi"y completely through the radial dilllellsiG... Surgical instruments configured for use only 15 with the all~:l . .dli~e handpiece could include a tab that is longer in the radial di.~;tiol. than is the guide slot of the presenl l,d.,-lr-icce so that those instruments would not be allachable to the present 1-- .-d~ iece. This and..yen.ert would still permit surgical instruments that are dlld~;l -dL,le to the present handpiece to be dlla.:l .e-l to the 20 aller..dti~/e handpi2ce.
The tab 345 is lo~l~d on the hub 320 G~,posile the lalcl .i. ~y l"echanis... 310 and distally of the . Iea3e button 325. ACCGrd;IIYIY~
radial alig- .r. .ent of the tab 345 with the guide slot 625 as the surgical instrument 300 is inserted into the hai)dpiece 100 is ensured by alignment of the release button 325 in the slot 605.
With ,t:re.ence also to Figs. 8A-8D, the latchi--y mechanism 310 of the surgical instrument 300 permits an operator to fixedly engage the surgical instrument 300 with the handpiece 100 by merely inserting the hub 320 into the bore 110 of the han~lpiece 100.
SU~ 1 l l UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/1762S
The hub is inserted with the release button 325 aligned with the siot 605, which has a flared ope"i"g to ease aliyl.r"e,)l (Fig. 1). As the hub is inserted, the ramped lead;"g edges 335 of the ,d""~ed latches 330 engage with the ramped leading edge 615 of the annular flange 610 (Fig. 8A). Additional i"se, lion force c~ses the resilient arm 315 to bend as the r~."~,ed leading edges move past each other (Fig. 8B). Eventually, the trailing edges 340 of the ramped lalcl ,es 330 pass the trailing edge 620 of the annular flange 610 (Fig. 8C). At this point, the resilient ann 315 returns to its 10 normal, unbent o,ienlalion and the ramped latches 330 snap into place with their trailing edges agdi. lat the trailing edge of the annular flange 610 (Fig 8D). Rec~use the trailing edges of both the annular flange 610 and the rd""~ed Idlches 330 are back-cut, the hub 320 moves slightly toward the distal end of the handpiece 100 when the 15 latches 330 snap into place.
Rer~"i"g to Figs. 6A~C, the surgical instrument 300 inc~des a drive shaft 350 that is i"sel led into the hub 320. The drive shaft 350 inc~ucles an e~ lsiGI ~ 355 that engayas with the spring-lo~ded, sealed drive shaft 115 of the l ,al -dpiecs 100. When the surgical 20 instrument 300 is ,~,ositior.ed in the handpiece 100, rolatioll of the drive shaft 115 G~l~ses the drive sha~ 350 to rotate. Techniques for sealing the drive shaft 115 are desc, iL,ed in U.S. Patent No.
5,133,729, which is ~I ,lille~3 "Motor-Driven Hand-Piece for a Surgical Tool" and is i..cGr~.GralesJ by (efer~sl-ce.
To ease ali~ "ent of exlei-siol- 355 with drive shaft 115, extension 355 inc~des a drill tip configuration 357 with sloped, canted edges at its ~ruxi",al end. If exlti,sio" 355 is not aligned with drive shaft 115 as the surgical instrument is inse, led intQ the 30 handpiece, the drill tip configuration 357 e"yayes with the drive shaft 115 and c~uses the e~l~nsiol- 355 (along with the drive shaft 350) to rotate until the extension and the drive shaff are properly aligned.
The spring loadi"g of drive shaff 115 effects a distally 5 directed force againsl the hub 320 through the drive shaff 350. This force serves to secure the surgical instrument 300 in the bore 110.
Additi~"al securing force is provided by a CGIll,~' -nt rubber seal 365 that is secured to the hub 320 by a pair of tabs 367 and provides a fluid-tight seal with the walls of the bore 110.
When the ,d,nped lalc;l,es 330 are en$~aye-J with the trailing edge of the annular flange 610, the spring 190 of the drive shaff 115 is cGInpressed and exerts a force agai.,~l the ,~,."~ed lalches 330 through the drive shaff 350 and the hub 320. This force secures the 15 rclr"ped latches 330 ag~i. .st the annular flange 610. Since the trailing edges of both the annular flange 610 and the, - . ",l~ed lalches 330 are back-cut, the force exe, le:d by the spring 190 must be overcome before the latches 300 can be .I;senga$ied from the flange 610.
In z~d-lilisll to providing ease of e"yagel"el,l b~ ocn the handpiece 100 and the surgical instrument 300 the lalchi"g mechanism 310 permits the G,~,~rdtor to ~~lease the instrument 300 from the handpiece 100 by simply pr~ssi"g rel~ase button 325, and does not require manipulation of the l lanlJr-i~ce 100 or further manipulation of the surgical instrument 300. When the release button 325 is pressed the trailing edges of sloped ramps 330 are moved along the trailing edge of the annular flange 610 until the trailing edges no longer contact the annular flange (Fig. 8C). At that point the spring 190 of the drive shaff 115 forces the surgical WO 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 instrument 300 away from the pr~xi,.,al end of the ha,)dpiece 100 until the spring 190 is no longer co",pr~ssed.
The hub includes a pair of radially ekle"di"g cl ,ar,lL,ers 360 5 (Fig. 7B) in which may be el,~bedcle~l r,,ayllel~ 362. As r~isc~ssed above, the magnets 365 il ,ler~ct with Hall-effect devices 535 to identify the instrument type of surgical instrument 300. Each cl .a- ~ Iber 360 is covered by a plastic cap 364.
Surgical instruments may be configured to pelru.. " a variety of surgical o~~l~liolls. Numerous examples of surgical instruments are provided in for example, U.S. Patent No. 4 203 444, el -lilled "Surgical Instrument Suited ~or Closed Surgery"; U.S. Patent No.
4 274,414 el~lilled "h1e.-iscal Cutter (Surgical Instrument)"; U.S.
Patent No. 4,522 206, enlilled "Surgical lnstrument"; U.S. Patent No.
4 662,371 e,-lill~d "Surgical lnstrument"; U.S. Patent No. 4 834,729, . .lilleJ "A- Ll .rosco~,ic Surgical Instrument"; U.S. Patent No.4 842 578 e,.lilled "Surgical lnstrumentforA-Il-roscs~ic Arthroplasty"; U.S. Patent No. 4,983 179, enlilled "A-ll,roscopic Surgical Instrument"; U.S. Patent No. 5 152,744 e.-lilled "Surgical Instru. "e, .l, U.S. Patent No. 5,320 635 el ~lilled "Surgical Device";
and U.S. Patent No. 5 322 505, el~lilled "Surgical lnstrument" all of which are i,-cG",oraLed by reference. Addilional instruments are .Jesc.il,ed in U.S. Apl~lic~lio-) Serial No. 08/319,057, enlilled "Surgical lnstrument", which was filed on SeplenlL,er 23, 1994; U.S.
A,~,~,licalioll Serial No. 08/425 719, e,-lilled "Curved Surgical Instrument with Seyll~el~led Inner Melobel which was filed on April 20 1995; U.S. A,u,l~licdlion Serial No. 08/388 992 entitled "Surgical Instrument" which was filed on February 15 1995; and U.S.
Applicalicjn Serial No. 08/200 662 entitled "Surgical lnstrument"
which was filed on February 23 1994 all of which are incorporated by reference.
In the illusl,dled embodilnent, the surgical instrument 300 is a cutting instrument that includes a fixed hub 320 to which is attached a hollow outer tube 370 and a rutalable drive shaft 350 to which is attached a hollow inner tube 375. Openings in the distal ends of the tubes 370 and 375 have shdr~,e"ed edges and perforrn a cutting action when the inner tube 375 is, ulated within the outer tube 370.
While hub 320 and drive shaft 350 are made from i"j~tion-molded pl~stic tubes 370 and 375 are made from stainless steel to render the instrument readily dispos~hle. Other ."dl~,ials could be used K it was desi,dble to make the instrument reusable.
Rerer.i.,y also to Figs. 3A, 3B 7A and 7B drive shaft 350 in~ 4s an o~,e--i,-y 380 that pe,-,-it~ .ndle.ial drawn through inner tube 375 to pass into an as~ liG-- channel 630 of the l,and~i~ce 100. The l,-a"-ll-iece 100 also inc~u~4s a handle 635 that cGIlllùls a valve 640 and ll .~.el~ CGI ~l.ùl.s flow through the as~,i. dLiol . chdr")el 630. The handle 635 is posilio-)ed on the bottom of the handpiece near the distal end of the hd~ iece and rotates about an axis 645 that is pe.,uen~l;c~ to a longitudinal axis 140 of the ha"dpiece.
This Grienldlicll, permits one-l ,ande.l finger control of flow through the as~.i.dlio.. cl. ..,nel 630 by a person holding the handpiece 100.
25 The aspi.dliol - cl-d,u ,el 630 ends at an as~ :.dliGn spigot 650 at the pr~"~i".al end of the handpiece. During use the spigot 650 is connected to a source of suction (not shown).
~ Three knurled bands 655 define arcs about the cira".,rerence of the l~a n Iriece 100. These bands provide ease of yl i~ y, and are forr;ned by scori"y the outer surface of the han-llliece.
S~ l UTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/lC123 PCT~US96/17625 .
Other er. ,bodin ,enla are also co-)Lel "~,lated. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 9A, an alternative laLchi-lg rnechanism 900 inci~des a release button 905 that is axially sp~Gecl from a ramped latch 910.
Due to the axial displacemenl, relatively more force must be incident on release button 905 to move ramped latch 910 than must be Znc;denl on release button 325 to move ~---,ued latch 330 radially away from flange 610. To ease assel lion of the ~d diliGIIdI force, release button 905 typically has a larger surface area than does 10 r~ se button 325. The axial displ~ce---el,t of the ~ as~ button 905 relative to the ramped latch 910 permits the flange 610 to be moved ,~roxi~ally relative to the slot 605, which can be acc~r..~,lisl)ed by sl~G.l~:r.;ng the slot, moving the flange, or a co. . ILi. Ic.liol . of the two. Movement of the flange relative to the slot elin .i. .ates the break in the flange due to the slot, while movement of the latch relative to the n,lease button ~,I;.Ili,ldles the break in the latch due to the ,_lea-~e button. This ~Je~ ita the latch and flange to ~. ,ydye each other along continuous surfaces.
As shown in Figs. 9B and 9C, a ila.. ~ cs 915 for use with the latcl~in~ ,-,ecl,d"i~r, 900 is ide,ltical to the ha"~ll.iQce 100 desc. il,e~l above with the exce,~lic,l, that the flange 920 of the ha.,~ I~.ie~e 915 is l,osilio"ed further from the distal end of the handpiece than is the flange 610 of the handpiece 100. In this conhguration, the flange 920 is posil;o~,ed pru,ci.. e.lly of the slot 605 within the bore 110 and no longer i, ILerat:~ià the slot 605.
ACCGrd;II9IY~ the flange 920 is uninterrupted and forms a continuous ring around the i, ~lel ior of the bore 110. Similar results may be obt~.i..e.l by ,..- ;..tai,.il-g the l~os;tiG~, of the flange within the bore 30 and sl ~Ol le"ing the slot 605.
S~ TE SHEET(RULE 26) The latching mechanism 310 may also be varied in other ways. For exa,r",le, Fig. 9D illuc;L,dles an all~r.,ali-/e latching mechanism 925 that incl~ ~des a release button 930 and a latch 935 - having a square cross section. Figs. 9E and 9F illustrate a lalchi"g mechdl,ls". 940 that inclu~ss a release button 945 and a r~."ped latch 950. In addition to having a ~lnped leading surface 955, the latch 950 inçl~ es a lea.Ji.,9 edge 960 that tapers to a point 965 in the longitudinal dil~ctiG,.. Similarly, a latch 970 illusl.dL,ad in Figs.
9G and 9H inclu~es a fel~ase button 975 and a latch 980 that inclucies a ramped leading surface 985 and a curved leadi.-g edge 990.
Rere, . i. ~y to Figs. 1 OA-1 OC, another dllell .dli~/e Idl~hi. 1 , - -eci-.d. .i~, . . incl~cles a tab 1000 and a tab 1005. Tab 1000 is mounted on a hub 1010 of a surgical instrument 1015. Tab 1005 is mounted on the ~roAill~al side of a spring-loaded plate 1020 that is positioned at the distal end of the hub 1010. Tabs 1000 and 1005 are ~,ositio.-ed to define an arc on the order of 170~ around the circu...rer~"ce of the hub 1010. At inst~ ion~ the hub 1010 is i, .se, led into the bore 110 of the handpiece, with the tab 1000 aligned with the slot 605. The hub is i. -se, led until tab 1000 p~sses through the gap in the flange 610 that is f~....ed by the slot 605. At that point, plate 1020 is pressed as~ai- .~l the distal end of handpiece 100 so that a spring 1025 is cG.--pr~:ssed and, bec~se the tabs 1000 and 1005 define an arc of 170~ while slots 610 and 625 of the hanririece are offset by 180~, tab 1005 is not aligned with slot 625.
Once the tab 1000 clears the gap, the hub 1010 is .~ldted until the tab 1005 aligns with the siot 625 and snaps into place to lock the hub 1010 within the bore. The instrument is removed from the bore by pulling the plate 1020 away from the ha" ', ie c e 100 until the tab Sl~ JTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O 97/16123 PCT~US96/17625 1005 is out of the slot 625 and r~tdlir)g the hub 1010 until the tab 1000 aligns with the gap in the flange 610.
Referring to Figs. 11A and 11B, the latching ",echd"i_.n also 5 may be i-"~,ler.)ented with a spring-loaded plunger 1100 positioned in an indenlaliol~ 1105 in the hub 1110 of a surgical instrument. A
spring 1 115 could be a separate co..~~oi,el1t or ~,lolded with the plunger 1 100.
Rer~iny to Fig. 12, the latching r"echa~ ." 310 also may be incG".oraled into an adapter 1200 for co"ne.:ti,)g a hub of a surgical instrument to a l,and~iece. The aclapter 1200 includes a ,~ruxillldl end 1205 for insertion into the bore 110 of the handpiece and a distal end 1210 configured for alla.~ e-)l to a hub of a surgical 1 5 instrument.
Other el l lbodi~ ~ ~enls are within the f~ /J;. ,~ claims.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26~
Claims (24)
1. Apparatus for controlling a surgical device, comprising:
a housing; and a magnetic switching element mounted on the housing, the magnetic switching element including:
a magnet, a magnetic sensor configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an actuator mounted on the housing for movement between a first position in which a magnetic field of the magnet is decoupled from the magnetic sensor to a second position to couple the magnetic field to the magnetic sensor so as to change a value of the control signal produced by the magnetic sensor.
a housing; and a magnetic switching element mounted on the housing, the magnetic switching element including:
a magnet, a magnetic sensor configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an actuator mounted on the housing for movement between a first position in which a magnetic field of the magnet is decoupled from the magnetic sensor to a second position to couple the magnetic field to the magnetic sensor so as to change a value of the control signal produced by the magnetic sensor.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising magnetically soft material, wherein movement of the actuator causes relative movement between the magnet and the magnetically soft material.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the magnet is coupled to the actuator so that movement of the actuator causes movement of the magnet.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the magnetically soft material is configured to substantially absorb the magnetic field produced by the magnet when the actuator is in the first position and not to substantially absorb the magnetic field produced by the magnet when the actuator is in the second position.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnet is physically isolated from the magnetic sensor.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the magnet is separated from the magnetic sensor by a wall of the housing.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a housing of a surgical handpiece having a motor positioned therein, and wherein the control signal produced by the magnetic sensor is for controlling operation of the motor.
8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the magnetically soft material comprises a switch bottom having a cylindrical opening, wherein the magnet is positioned in the cylindrical opening when the actuator is in the first position, and wherein a portion of the magnet is extended beyond the cylindrical opening when the actuator is in the second position.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the magnetically soft material further comprises a switch cover secured to the magnet.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a spring configured to bias the switch cover away from the cylindrical opening.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the switch bottom and the switch cover are mechanically interlocked.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the cylindrical opening in the switch bottom overlies a depression in an exterior surface of the housing, and wherein the depression is configured to receive the magnet and has a closed bottom.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic sensor comprises a Hall-effect device.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic sensor comprises a reed switch.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a plurality of magnetic switching element.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic sensor is mounted on a substantially flat circuit board that is positioned within the housing.
17. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein a distance between a position of the magnet when the actuator is in the first position and a position of the magnet when the actuator is in the second position is less than 0.1 inches.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a distance between a position of the magnet when the actuator is in the first position and a position of the magnet when the actuator is in the second position is on the order of 0.06 inches.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnet is positioned outside of the housing.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the magnetic sensor is position inside the housing.
21. Apparatus for controlling a surgical device comprising:
a housing; and a magnetic switching element mounted on the housing, the magnetic switching element including:
a magnet, a sleeve of magnetically soft material surrounding the magnet, a magnetic sensor configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an actuator mounted on the housing for movement between a first position in which the magnet is positioned within the sleeve of magnetically soft material and a magnetic field of the magnet is decoupled from the magnetic sensor to a second position in which a portion of the magnet extends from the sleeve of magnetically soft material and the magnetic field is coupled to the magnetic sensor so as to change a value of the control signal produced by the magnetic sensor.
a housing; and a magnetic switching element mounted on the housing, the magnetic switching element including:
a magnet, a sleeve of magnetically soft material surrounding the magnet, a magnetic sensor configured to produce a control signal for controlling the surgical device, and an actuator mounted on the housing for movement between a first position in which the magnet is positioned within the sleeve of magnetically soft material and a magnetic field of the magnet is decoupled from the magnetic sensor to a second position in which a portion of the magnet extends from the sleeve of magnetically soft material and the magnetic field is coupled to the magnetic sensor so as to change a value of the control signal produced by the magnetic sensor.
22. A surgical system comprising the apparatus of claim 1 together with a surgical instrument.
23. The surgical system of claim 22 in kit form.
24. The apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US711795P | 1995-10-31 | 1995-10-31 | |
| US60/007,117 | 1995-10-31 | ||
| US08/630,125 US5712543A (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1996-04-10 | Magnetic switching element for controlling a surgical device |
| US08/630,125 | 1996-04-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2233221A1 true CA2233221A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
Family
ID=26676541
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002233221A Abandoned CA2233221A1 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | Magnetic switching element for controlling a surgical device |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5712543A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0858293B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000508183A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR004251A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU707001B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2233221A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69632061T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997016123A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA969167B (en) |
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-
1996
- 1996-04-10 US US08/630,125 patent/US5712543A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 WO PCT/US1996/017625 patent/WO1997016123A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-10-31 AU AU75524/96A patent/AU707001B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-10-31 JP JP9517595A patent/JP2000508183A/en active Pending
- 1996-10-31 AR ARP960104992A patent/AR004251A1/en unknown
- 1996-10-31 CA CA002233221A patent/CA2233221A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-31 DE DE69632061T patent/DE69632061T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 EP EP96937883A patent/EP0858293B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-31 ZA ZA969167A patent/ZA969167B/en unknown
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| EP0858293A4 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
| DE69632061T2 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
| WO1997016123A1 (en) | 1997-05-09 |
| JP2000508183A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
| US5712543A (en) | 1998-01-27 |
| AU707001B2 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
| ZA969167B (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| AU7552496A (en) | 1997-05-22 |
| DE69632061D1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
| AR004251A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| EP0858293B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| EP0858293A1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |