CA2236262C - Room temperature sterilant for medical devices - Google Patents
Room temperature sterilant for medical devices Download PDFInfo
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- CA2236262C CA2236262C CA002236262A CA2236262A CA2236262C CA 2236262 C CA2236262 C CA 2236262C CA 002236262 A CA002236262 A CA 002236262A CA 2236262 A CA2236262 A CA 2236262A CA 2236262 C CA2236262 C CA 2236262C
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
- A61L2/186—Peroxide solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
- A61L2202/24—Medical instruments, e.g. endoscopes, catheters, sharps
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
Abstract
Provided is an anti-microbial composition containing an ester of formic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid and water. Also provided is a premix for making the anti-microbial composition having two parts. One part contains the ester of formic acid and a second part contains the oxidizer. Another method is provided for making the anti-microbial composition in which the ester of formic acid is combined with the oxidizer and water. A further method is provided for sterilizing medica l devices, including dialyzer filter modules, wherein the anti-microbial composition is capable of dilution of 1:1 to 1:12 with water.
Description
ROOM TEMPERATURE STERILANT FOR MEDICAL DEVICES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a room temperature anti-microbial composition which includes an ester o~ formic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid, and water, a premix for making the anti-microbial composition, and a method for producing the anti-microbial composition, and a method for sterilizing medical devices utilizing the anti-microbial composition.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to a room temperature anti-microbial composition which includes an ester o~ formic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid, and water, a premix for making the anti-microbial composition, and a method for producing the anti-microbial composition, and a method for sterilizing medical devices utilizing the anti-microbial composition.
2 Background of Related Art Conventional methods o~ sterilizing medical devices have significant disadvantages. For example, the steam autoclave works well, but many instruments are sensitive to the high pressure and 2~ temperature re~uired to achieve sterility. Ethylene oxide re~uires long exposure times in a vacuum, even longer aeration times, and the gas is highly toxic.
Glutaraldehyde is a suspected carcinogen and can be corrosive to certain materials. In the ~ield of medical devices which come in contact with a patient's blood stream, care must be taken to sterilize or reprocess these devices with biocompatible anti-microbial compositions.
This is particularly true concerning catheters and blood filters such a dialyzers. Many of the aforementioned sterilizing techniques leave residues on the sur~aces of the sterilized device which are toxic to the human body and may cause severe adverse patient reactions, such as skin rashes, hemolysis, and the like. Furthermore, if the dialyzer is to ~e reprocessed ~or reuse, it is particularly important that the anti-microbial composition be an ef~ective biocide while r~m~;n;ng WO 97/19594 PCT~US96/1~900 biocompatible because any residual anti-microbial composition may elute from the dialyzer into the bloodstream of the dialyzed patient, again causing severe adverse patient reaction, which may s exacerbate the condition o~ the patient already in renal failure.
SU~ARY OF THE IN~JENTION
An object o~ the present invention is to provide an easy to use room temperature anti-microbial composition.
A ~urther object of the present invention is to provide an anti-microbial composition for 15 _ sterilizing medical devices which overcomes the disadvantages o~ known methods of sterilizing medical devices.
The invention relates to an anti-microbial composition having improved anti-corrosive properties comprising an ester of ~ormic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid and water.
A preferred embodiment o~ the invention relates to an anti-microbial composition having improved anti-corrosive properties comprising about . 01 to about 10 wt.% of an ester o~ formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl ~ormate, methyl ~ormate, propyl ~ormate, or mixtures thereo~, about 01 to about 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98% water.
The invention also relates to a premix ~or making the anti-microbial composition comprising two parts. One part comprises the ester o~ ~ormic acid and a second part comprises the oxidizer.
The invention further relates to a method making the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps of combining the premix.
W O 97/19594 PCTnJS96/18900 The invention also relates to a method of producing the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps of combining an ester of ~ormic acid with an oxidizer and water.
S The invention further relates to a method of sterilizing surfaces comprising contacting the surface with an anti-microbial composition diluted to a working concentration, the anti-microbial composition comprising from about .01 to about 10 wt.% of an ester of formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, or mixtures thereof, about .01 to about 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98 % water.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to a method of sterilizing blood filters, such as dialyzers used as artificial kidneys, comprising contacting the dialyzers with the anti-microbial composition from about .01 to about 10 wt.~ of an ester of formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, or mixtures thereof, about .01 to about 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98 % water. The anti-microbial 2s composition can be diluted to a working concentration by dilution ~rom 1:1 to 1:12 with water.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1. illustrates the sporicidal effects of the anti-microbial composition according to the invention compared to two conventional anti-microbial compositions.
Fig. 2. illustrates the bactericidal ef~ects of the anti-microbial composition according W O 97/19S94 PCT~US96/18900 to the invention compared to two conventional anti-microbial compositions.
Fig. 3. illustrates the net mass loss of brass a~ter 24 hours of exposure as measured in Example 2.
Fig. 4. illustrates the concentration of performic acid in hard and deionized water over time as measured in Example 3.
Fig. 5. illustrates the concentration o~ hydrogen peroxide in hard and deionized water over time as measured in Example 3.
Fig. 6. illustrates the stability of hydrogen peroxide and performic acid in deionized water over time as measured in Example 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention relates to an anti-microbial composition having improved anti-corrosive properties comprising an ester o~ ~ormic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid and water.
Preferably, the anti-microbial composition comprises about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ the ester of ~ormic acid, about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98 wt.% water. More preferably, the anti-microbial composition comprises about 2 to about 8 wt.% of the ester o~ formic acid, about 1 to 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 1 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 97 wt.% of water.
Preferably, the ester of ~ormic acid is an ester of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl W O 97119594 PCT~US96/18900 formate, or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the ester of formic acid is ethyl formate.
The oxidizer can be any oxidizer that is compatible with a performic acid based anti-s microbial composition. Examples of such oxidizers include nonorganic oxidizing substances such as, hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium periodate, sodium persul~ate, ammonium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, silver (II) oxide, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. The oxidizers also include organic oxidizing substances, for example, diacyl peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide, ketone peroxides, such as 2, 4-pentanedione peroxide, peroxydicarbonates, such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, peroxyesters, such as t-butylperoxy maleic acid, dialkyl peroxides, such as dicumyl peroxide, hydroperoxides, such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, and peroxyketals, such as 2,2-di(t-butyl peroxy) butane.
Preferably, the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide. More preferably, the oxidizer is urea hydrogen peroxide.
A preferred anti-microbial composition comprises ethyl formate in an amount of about 3.8 to about 4 wt.%, urea hydrogen peroxide in an amount of about l to about 8 wt.%, and about .00l to about l wt.% of performic acid.
The anti-microbial composition can also contain additives, such as, corrosion inhibitors and stabilizers.
Examples of corrosion inhibitors are l,2,3-Benzotriazole, azimidobenzene and benzene azimide (collectively, COBRATEC 99TM, PMC Specialties Group, Inc.) and the sodium hydroxide reaction products o~ an aliphatic alcohol and phosphorous ~ pentoxide (VICTAWETTM 35B, Akzo Chemicals, Inc., Chicago, IL3. The corrosion inhibiting properties WO 97/19594 PCTrUS96/18900 of VICTAWE~M 35B are disclosed in PCT/US90/01862, entitled "Anticorrosive Microbicide."
The stabilizers include those that stabilize the anti-microbial composition over time, and those that increase the concentration of c performic acid, as well as other stabilizers.
The anti-microbial composition can be made in a concentrated form, dry or liquid, to be diluted with water before using.
Purifying the water is not re~uired. When hard tap water is used, surprisingly, the concentration of performic acid in the anti-microbial composition is less likely to decrease or will increase at the expense of the oxidizer, compared to deionized water. This is a significant advantage, because tap water is more readily available and is less expensive than purified or deionized water. In particular, hard water cont~in;ng calcium acts in this manner.
The invention also relates to a premix for making the anti-microbial composition comprising a first part comprising an ester of formic acid, and a second part comprising the oxidizer. The oxidizer and ester of formic acid include those described above. The anti-microbial composition can be formed by combining the first and second parts with water.
Pre~erably, the first part comprises an ester of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl formate, or mixtures thereof, and the second part comprises hydrogen peroxide.
Preferably, the amount of the ester of formic acid in the first part and the amount of oxidizer are such that when combined with water the resulting anti-microbial composition comprises about .01 to about 10 wt.~ of the ester of formic acid, about .01 to about 10 wt.~ of the oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98% water.
W O 97119594 PCT~US96/18900 Each part o~ the premix can be in a dry or liquid ~orm. For example, one or both parts o~ the premix can be diluted with water. Alternatively, one part can contain all o~ the re~uired water so that when the other part is added no ~urther water is required, or su~icient water is present in both parts so that when both parts are combined no ~urther water is re~uired.
The premix can also contain the above described additives in either or both of the parts.
The invention further relates to a method o~ making the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps o~ combing both parts oE the pre-mix. Ii~
the pre-mix does not contain the re~uired amount of water, water and the ~irst and second parts can be mixed in any order.
Another embodiment o~ the invention relates to a method o~ producing the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps o~ combining the ester o~ ~ormic acid with the oxidizer and water.
Pre~erably, su~ficient amounts o~ water, ester o~ ~ormic acid, and oxidizer are combined so that the resulting anti-microbial composition comprises about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ the ester of ~ormic acid, about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ the oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.~ o~ per~ormic acid, and up to about 99.98 wt.~ water.
The anti-microbial composition can be used in place o~ conventional microbicides. The ~ollowing is a partial list o~ uses ~or the anti-microbial composition. The uses o~ the anti-microbial composition is in no way intended to be limited to ~his list.
The anti-microbial composition can be used on skin, medical devices, and eating utensils.
The anti-microbial composition is particular use~ul ~or reprocessing used catheters which are sensitive to conventional anti-microbial W O 97/19594 PCTnJS96/18900 compositions. Preferably, when the anti-microbial composition is used to reprocess used catheters, the anti-microbial composition contains VICTAWET 35b.
It is believed that the VICTAWET acts as a lubricant for the mechanical pump during reprocessing. The reprocessing method disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,721,123 and 5,310,524 are incorporated herein.
The anti-microbial composition is also particularly useful for sterilizing filter modules containing filter membranes in various forms, such as hollow fibers. Sterilization of filter modules using the anti-microbial composition of the present invention is particularly useful for reprocessing hollow fiber membrane dialyzers because not only are lS the dialyzers rendered microbe-free but the anti-microbial also removes proteinaceous blood components. Hollow fiber filter cartridges sterilized using the anti-microbial composition are suitable for re-use in a medial dialysis setting, such as for artificial kidney.
The invention will be further described by the following non-limiting examples.
Three tests were performed on samples of an anti-microbial composition according to the invention (hereinafter "Microbicide 1") made by combining 3.8 to 4~ by weight of ethyl formate, 4%
urea hydrogen peroxide, and the balance water.
Performic acid was generated in an amount of about .001 to about .1 wt.%.
The anti-microbial composition was compared to two known microbicides, CIDEX 7 (Johnson and Johnson, Medical) and 1% RENALIN II (Minntech Corporation, published in PCT/US92/05877).
In the first test, the sporicidal and bactericidal activity of each anti-microbial composition was tested by placing - lxlO 10 Bacillus WO 97/19594 PCTfUS96/18900 subtilis spores into 10 ml of anti-microbial composition in a closed, but not sealed, test tube at room temperature ~about 20~C). At exposure times of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 minutes, 1 s ml was removed and placed in a neutralizer solution to stop the sterilant action. The neutralizer solution comprised 1% Bacto-peptone ~Difco), 1%
sodium thiosulfate, and .025% catalase. The surviving spores were then serially diluted and plated to count.
Figure 1 illustrates the rate of kill by plotting the log number of surviving organisms vs.
exposure time. Fig. 1 illustrates that the Microbicide 1 curve closely fits the 1% RENALIN II
curve. Therefore, Microbicide 1 exhibits anti-microbial effects equal to or greater than 1%
RENALIN II. Fig. 1 also illustrates that Microbicide 1 exhibits significantly greater anti-microbial effects than CIDEX 7, on the order of four logs, after 20 minutes.
The above test was repeated, except using methyl formate, butyl formate, or propyl formate in place of ethyl formate in the same molar concentration. After 20 minutes, 5x104 bacteria were observed and after 60 minutes no bacterial were observed in the methyl formate solution. After 20 minutes, no bacterial were observed and after 60 minutes 6x104 bacterial were observed in the propyl formate solution. The propyl formate solution was retested and no bacteria was observed after 20 and 60 minutes. Therefore, the bacteria observed after 60 minutes in the propyl formate solution was a procedural error. After 20 minutes, 4.3x107 bacterial were observed and after 60 minutes 3.3x106 bacteria were observed in the butyl formate ~ solution.
A second text was performed by coating a petri dish (Falcon Corp.~, cont~;ntng an agar made W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 using tryptic soy tDi~co Labs), with either ~taphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or E.coli. After the plates were dry, three wells were punched into the agar and filled to the top with S either Microbicide 1, RENALIN II or CIDEX 7. The plates were then incubated for 48 hours at 37~C.
The area around the well where no bacterial grew (zone of inhibition) was then measured and graphed.
Figure 2 illustrates the results. The zones where no bacterial grew were significantly larger for the Microbicide 1 than they were for RENALIN II and CIDEX 7. This data illustrates that Microbicide 1 kills significantly more organisms than either of RENALIM II or CIDEX 7, and that Microbicide 1 kills Pseudomonas spp. This is of considerable importance because CIDEX 7 has been reported to have difficulty in killing Pseudomonas spp. This test is similar to the test used for determining the relative effectiveness and/or resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics.
A third test was performed in which an AOAC 966.04 (1990) spori~idal test done on Clostridium sporogenes using suture loops as the carrier. The results are summarized in Tablel. All tests were run for 5 1/2 hours at 20~C. unless stated otherwise.
CA 02236262 l998-04-29 W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 Description: Results (negatives/#samples):
S Microbicide 1 49/50 1/2 concentration Microbicide 1 19/20 Microbicide 1 pH 7 20/20 Microbicide 1 in synthetic hard water 20/20 Microbicide 1 in tap water 20/20 Microbicide 1 at 3 1/2 hours exposure 37/40 Microbicide 1 2 1/2 hours exposure 20/20 Microbicide 1 (double)l 12 min. exp. 19/20 Microbicide 1 (double)1 20 min. exp. 20/20 Microbicide 1 (double) 2 12 min. exp. 17/20 Microbicide 1 (double) 2 20 min. exp. 20/20 Microbicide 1 (double) 2 30 min. exp. 20/20 * A tube is considered negative if no growth is observed after 21 days of incubating, heat shocking at 80~C. for 20 minutes and then incubating again for another 72 hours.
1 Double the amount o~ urea hydrogen peroxide and ethyl formate, 2 wt.% COBRATEC 99, 50~C.
2 Double the amount of urea hydrogen peroxide and 2s ethyl formate, 50~C.
A difference o~ <5 is not statistically significant.
The corrosive effects o~ Microbicide 1 were tested using the same formulation of Microbicide 1 as used in Example 1, except where noted.
In the first test, the corrosive effects of Microbicide 1 and 1% RENALIN II on chrome plated Kerr dental mirrors. The Microbicide 1 formulation ~ tested was the same as in Example 1 except that it did not include COBRATEC 99 and was adjusted to a pH7 using .1 N NaOH. The pH of Microbicide 1 before adjusting was 3.8. The mirrors were soaked at room temperature (about 20~C) in a closed container (screw on lid) for a two week period in about 120 ml of Microbicide 1 or 1% RENALIN II. The solutions were changed daily by pouring out the used liquid and refilling with fresh.
This test was an appearance type of inspection process rather than a quantitative evaluation. Upon e~m; n~tion after the two week period, the mirrors soaked in Microbicide 1 had a significantly better appearance than the mirrors soaked in 1% RENALIN II.
REMALIN II etched away the chrome layer, exposing the brass underneath. The brass was beginning to corrode which turned the 1% RENALIN II solution blue. The Microbicide 1 only slightly dulled the appearance of the chrome plating.
In the second test, the corrosion effects of Microbicide 1 and 3~ RENALIN II on a naval brass coupons (approximately 12.3 gms) were tested. The Microbicide 1 tested was the same as in Example 1 except where noted.
Before testing, the brass coupons were cleaned to remove oils, dirt, etc., by placing the coupons in a glass tray cont~in;ng acetone and sonicating for about 5 minutes, removing the coupons with forceps, rinsing with deionized water, and then air drying. The coupons were then weighed (Wtl).
The method used to test the corrosion effects is outlined in the ASTM G1-90, (1992) Vol.3.02, pp.-35-38. Each naval brass coupon was soaked in about 120 ml of test solution for a time period of 24 hours in a plastic specimen cup.
The rate of corrosion was measured using the mass lost during the 24 hour soak period as follows.
The naval brass coupons were removed from the test liquids, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, dried and weighed (Wt2). The corrosion products were then removed from the tested coupons. A11 o~
CA 02236262 l998-04-29 W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 the tested coupons and one blank coupon were submerged in 10% sulfuric acid for 2 minutes while sonicating. The coupons were then rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, air dried and weighed (Wt3).
S Each coupon was placed on the back of a modified test tube rack in between two glass slides on each side of the coupon. A weighted SCOTC~H BRITE pad (3M
Corp.) was wrapped around each coupon and the coupon was rubbed 10 times each way with the pad, allowing the weight of the pad to be the only downward force exerted on the coupons. Both sides of the coupons were rubbed with the pad. All of the coupons were then placed in 10% sulfuric acid and sonicated for 2minutes. The coupons were then rinsed, air dried and weighed (Wt4). The coupons were immersed in sulfuric acid and rubbed with the pad as described above until the weight loss of the tested coupons was almost equal to the amount lost by the blank coupon. The weight loss of the tested coupons will not be equal to the amount lost by the blank coupon, but they will usually be within about .001 g of each other. Each weight was measured after air drying as (Wt ).
The corrosion rate was calculated using the following formula:
corrosion rate (mm/yr)=(KxW)/(AxTx D) where:
A=area of coupon in cm2 to nearest .1 cm2 (std=28.7 cm2) K=a constant (8.76xl o4 ) T=time of exposure in hours to the nearest .25 hours.
W=the mass lost in g, to the nearest lmg corrected for the mass lost during cleaning (initial weight-Wtn of treated coupon) minus (Initial weight-Wtn of blank coupon).
D=density in g/cm3 of material tested (naval brass c-464 - 8.gl g/cm3).
The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3.
SUBSTANCE TESTED: CORROSION
RATE:
Microbicide 1 pH 7, 2x concentrate . 57 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7 1.40 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7, w/.l~ COBRATEC 99 .061 m,m/yr Microbicide 1 w/.1% COBRATEC 99 . 094 mm/yr Microbicide 1 w/.17% COBRATEC 99 .035 mm/yr Microbicide 1 w/.1% VICTAWET 35B .77 mm/yr Microbicide 1 w/.1% VICTAWET 58 . 34 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7, w/.1% sodium nitrite 1.26 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7.8, w/.1% sodium nitrite 1.24 mm/yr Cathx 1.10 mm/yr 3~ RENALIN II 4.13 mm/yr The addition of small amounts of COBRATEC 99 significantly reduced the corrosion rate of brass.
In the third test, the corrosion effects of Microbicide 1 and 1% RENALIN on dental burrs and carbon steel scalpel blades was tested. The Microbicide 1 and 1% RENALIN II, and the test procedures, were the same as used in the first test of Example2, except where noted. Microbicide 1 made the burrs tarnish in 24 hours, but the addition of the COBRATEC 99 (.2~) almost el;m;n~ted this problem. To compare, 1% RENALIN etched the burr away. The scalpel blades showed no signs of corrosion from Microbicide 1, with or without COBRATEC. 1% RENALIN performed e~ually well as W O 97/19594 PCTrUS96/18900 Microbicide 1 . However, deionized water (deionized using a mixed bed deionizing system) rusted the blades.
The stability of Microbicide 1 was tested.
Formulas599-81-18 through 599-81-20 used a 1 quart bottle (Twin City Bottle), with vented caps, which was filled with the test solution and the lid screwed on. The 1 ~uart bottles were stored in a closed cabinet at room temperature (about 20~C).
All of the other formulas used 30 gm glass vials, which were ~illed with the test solution and the lids screwed on. The vials were stored on an open lS bench top under fluorescent light at room temperature (about 20~C). The formulas with a "T"
at the end signifies that the test solution was stored at 50~C instead of 20~C.
The test solution, length o~ time tested and the test results are shown in Table 3. The synthetic hard water used was made by the method described in Official Methods of Analysis, Germicidal and Detergent Sanitizing Action o~
Disinfectants (Final Action) 960.09 page 139 "Synthetic Hard Water" (Section E).
The results are also shown in Figures 4-6.
Fig.4 illustrates the concentration of performic acid in hard and deionized water over time. Fig.5 illustrates the concentration o~ hydrogen peroxide in hard and deionized water over time. Fig. 6 illustrates the stability of hydrogen peroxide and performic acid in deionized water over time.
The anti-micro~ial composition of the present invention for dialyzer reprocessing was tested. The initial amount of components in the anti-microbial composition of the present invention W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 ~or sterilizing/reprocessing can be in the range ~rom about l to lO wt.% of an ester of formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl formate and mixtures thereof;
from about l to lO wt.% of an oxidizer; ~rom about .OOl to .l wt.% performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.% water. Preferably, the initial amount of the ester of formic acid is about 2 to about 7 wt.% and the oxidizer is from about 3 to 9 wt.% with the remainder water. More preferably, the initial amount of the ester of formic acid is about 2 to 4 wt.% and the oxidizer is about 4 to 8 wt.% and most pre~erably, the ester of formic acid is about 2.2 wt.% and the oxidizer is about 7 wt.% (hereinafter abbreviated as "Microbicide 2" ~or notation purposes only).
For dialyzer sterilizing/reprocessing, Microbicide 2 can be diluted from about l:l to about l:12, and preferably between l:5 and l:6 with water.
It is to be understood that in order to remain an effective anti-microbial agent, the anti-microbial composition for dialyzer reprocessing is diluted such that the oxidizer final working concentration is between about O.l to about 2.0 wt.%.
The dialyzer hollow ~iber filer units (PRIMUS~ 1000 high flux polysulfone dialyzers by Renal Systems, Division of Minntech Corporation) were first steam sterilized prior to any reprocessing. Dialyzers were reprocessed or sterilized using Microbicide 2 were compared to dialyzers reprocessed using another anti-microbial composition of hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and peracetic acid, namely, RENALIN~ (Minntech Corporation). Dialyzers were attached to an automated dialyzer reprocessor, namely RENATRON~
(Minntech Corporation), wherein the anti-microbial composition tested was diluted per RENATRON~
protocol, about l:5, with water. The diluted anti-W O97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 microbial composition was then cycled through the dialyzer filter so that the diluted anti-microbial composition flows through the hollow ~ibers in the dialyzer. Performance parameters for dialyzers reprocessed with Microbicide 2 and RENALIN~ were compared.
In particular, the ~ollowing performance measurements were taken on dialyzers reprocessed with either Microbicide 2 or RENA~IN~.
Specifically, water permeability, or flux, measured as ml/min-cm2-mmHg and Na+ clearance, as an estimate ~or plasma urea clearance measured as ml/min, were per~ormed on reprocessed dialyzers. Baseline pretreatment measurements were taken prior to any reprocessing. Performance measurements were taken on reprocessed dialyzers after 10 treatments, or reprocessing cycles on the RENATRON~, and a~ter 20 treatments. Also, after 20 treatments, the reprocessed dialyzers were evaluated ~or BSA
rejection, as an indicator for albumin rejection during dialysis. The following table summarizes the results.
W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 Table 4 Number of Exposures to Anti-S Microbial Composition ~ 10 20 Microbicide Flux 23.95 +/- 31.88~/-4.08 30.05 +/-2.33 3.15 Clearance 171.35 168.67 +/- 163.27 +/-+/- 3.81 4.08 4.74 BSA
Rejection 99 90 +/-O .oa, RENALIN~2 Flux 23.90 35.90 28.20 26.00 28.60 35.50 Clearance 178.70 161.47 171.24 158.90 178.10 177.17 BSA 99. 89 Rejection 99.88 Six steam sterilized dialyzers were reprocessed using Microbicide 2 which was diluted about 1: 5 with water during reprocessing in the RENATRON~.
2Two steam sterilized dialyzers were reprocessed using ~Ar, so that about a 3.5% RF~NAr.TNa9 solution in water passed through the dialyzer during reprocessing in the RENATRON~.
Comparison between the performance lS measurements taken ~rom the dialyzers reprocessed using Microbicide 2 and those taken ~rom the dialyzers using a conventional reprocessing anti-microbial composition indicate that the performance of Microbicide 2 reprocessed dialyzers is substantially similar to the performance of the conventionally reprocessed dialyzers.
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Glutaraldehyde is a suspected carcinogen and can be corrosive to certain materials. In the ~ield of medical devices which come in contact with a patient's blood stream, care must be taken to sterilize or reprocess these devices with biocompatible anti-microbial compositions.
This is particularly true concerning catheters and blood filters such a dialyzers. Many of the aforementioned sterilizing techniques leave residues on the sur~aces of the sterilized device which are toxic to the human body and may cause severe adverse patient reactions, such as skin rashes, hemolysis, and the like. Furthermore, if the dialyzer is to ~e reprocessed ~or reuse, it is particularly important that the anti-microbial composition be an ef~ective biocide while r~m~;n;ng WO 97/19594 PCT~US96/1~900 biocompatible because any residual anti-microbial composition may elute from the dialyzer into the bloodstream of the dialyzed patient, again causing severe adverse patient reaction, which may s exacerbate the condition o~ the patient already in renal failure.
SU~ARY OF THE IN~JENTION
An object o~ the present invention is to provide an easy to use room temperature anti-microbial composition.
A ~urther object of the present invention is to provide an anti-microbial composition for 15 _ sterilizing medical devices which overcomes the disadvantages o~ known methods of sterilizing medical devices.
The invention relates to an anti-microbial composition having improved anti-corrosive properties comprising an ester of ~ormic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid and water.
A preferred embodiment o~ the invention relates to an anti-microbial composition having improved anti-corrosive properties comprising about . 01 to about 10 wt.% of an ester o~ formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl ~ormate, methyl ~ormate, propyl ~ormate, or mixtures thereo~, about 01 to about 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98% water.
The invention also relates to a premix ~or making the anti-microbial composition comprising two parts. One part comprises the ester o~ ~ormic acid and a second part comprises the oxidizer.
The invention further relates to a method making the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps of combining the premix.
W O 97/19594 PCTnJS96/18900 The invention also relates to a method of producing the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps of combining an ester of ~ormic acid with an oxidizer and water.
S The invention further relates to a method of sterilizing surfaces comprising contacting the surface with an anti-microbial composition diluted to a working concentration, the anti-microbial composition comprising from about .01 to about 10 wt.% of an ester of formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, or mixtures thereof, about .01 to about 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98 % water.
A further embodiment of the invention relates to a method of sterilizing blood filters, such as dialyzers used as artificial kidneys, comprising contacting the dialyzers with the anti-microbial composition from about .01 to about 10 wt.~ of an ester of formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, or mixtures thereof, about .01 to about 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98 % water. The anti-microbial 2s composition can be diluted to a working concentration by dilution ~rom 1:1 to 1:12 with water.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1. illustrates the sporicidal effects of the anti-microbial composition according to the invention compared to two conventional anti-microbial compositions.
Fig. 2. illustrates the bactericidal ef~ects of the anti-microbial composition according W O 97/19S94 PCT~US96/18900 to the invention compared to two conventional anti-microbial compositions.
Fig. 3. illustrates the net mass loss of brass a~ter 24 hours of exposure as measured in Example 2.
Fig. 4. illustrates the concentration of performic acid in hard and deionized water over time as measured in Example 3.
Fig. 5. illustrates the concentration o~ hydrogen peroxide in hard and deionized water over time as measured in Example 3.
Fig. 6. illustrates the stability of hydrogen peroxide and performic acid in deionized water over time as measured in Example 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention relates to an anti-microbial composition having improved anti-corrosive properties comprising an ester o~ ~ormic acid, an oxidizer, performic acid and water.
Preferably, the anti-microbial composition comprises about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ the ester of ~ormic acid, about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ an oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98 wt.% water. More preferably, the anti-microbial composition comprises about 2 to about 8 wt.% of the ester o~ formic acid, about 1 to 10 wt.% of an oxidizer, about .001 to about 1 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 97 wt.% of water.
Preferably, the ester of ~ormic acid is an ester of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl W O 97119594 PCT~US96/18900 formate, or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the ester of formic acid is ethyl formate.
The oxidizer can be any oxidizer that is compatible with a performic acid based anti-s microbial composition. Examples of such oxidizers include nonorganic oxidizing substances such as, hydrogen peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium periodate, sodium persul~ate, ammonium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium peroxide, calcium peroxide, silver (II) oxide, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. The oxidizers also include organic oxidizing substances, for example, diacyl peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide, ketone peroxides, such as 2, 4-pentanedione peroxide, peroxydicarbonates, such as diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, peroxyesters, such as t-butylperoxy maleic acid, dialkyl peroxides, such as dicumyl peroxide, hydroperoxides, such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, and peroxyketals, such as 2,2-di(t-butyl peroxy) butane.
Preferably, the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide. More preferably, the oxidizer is urea hydrogen peroxide.
A preferred anti-microbial composition comprises ethyl formate in an amount of about 3.8 to about 4 wt.%, urea hydrogen peroxide in an amount of about l to about 8 wt.%, and about .00l to about l wt.% of performic acid.
The anti-microbial composition can also contain additives, such as, corrosion inhibitors and stabilizers.
Examples of corrosion inhibitors are l,2,3-Benzotriazole, azimidobenzene and benzene azimide (collectively, COBRATEC 99TM, PMC Specialties Group, Inc.) and the sodium hydroxide reaction products o~ an aliphatic alcohol and phosphorous ~ pentoxide (VICTAWETTM 35B, Akzo Chemicals, Inc., Chicago, IL3. The corrosion inhibiting properties WO 97/19594 PCTrUS96/18900 of VICTAWE~M 35B are disclosed in PCT/US90/01862, entitled "Anticorrosive Microbicide."
The stabilizers include those that stabilize the anti-microbial composition over time, and those that increase the concentration of c performic acid, as well as other stabilizers.
The anti-microbial composition can be made in a concentrated form, dry or liquid, to be diluted with water before using.
Purifying the water is not re~uired. When hard tap water is used, surprisingly, the concentration of performic acid in the anti-microbial composition is less likely to decrease or will increase at the expense of the oxidizer, compared to deionized water. This is a significant advantage, because tap water is more readily available and is less expensive than purified or deionized water. In particular, hard water cont~in;ng calcium acts in this manner.
The invention also relates to a premix for making the anti-microbial composition comprising a first part comprising an ester of formic acid, and a second part comprising the oxidizer. The oxidizer and ester of formic acid include those described above. The anti-microbial composition can be formed by combining the first and second parts with water.
Pre~erably, the first part comprises an ester of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl formate, or mixtures thereof, and the second part comprises hydrogen peroxide.
Preferably, the amount of the ester of formic acid in the first part and the amount of oxidizer are such that when combined with water the resulting anti-microbial composition comprises about .01 to about 10 wt.~ of the ester of formic acid, about .01 to about 10 wt.~ of the oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.% of performic acid, and up to about 99.98% water.
W O 97119594 PCT~US96/18900 Each part o~ the premix can be in a dry or liquid ~orm. For example, one or both parts o~ the premix can be diluted with water. Alternatively, one part can contain all o~ the re~uired water so that when the other part is added no ~urther water is required, or su~icient water is present in both parts so that when both parts are combined no ~urther water is re~uired.
The premix can also contain the above described additives in either or both of the parts.
The invention further relates to a method o~ making the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps o~ combing both parts oE the pre-mix. Ii~
the pre-mix does not contain the re~uired amount of water, water and the ~irst and second parts can be mixed in any order.
Another embodiment o~ the invention relates to a method o~ producing the anti-microbial composition comprising the steps o~ combining the ester o~ ~ormic acid with the oxidizer and water.
Pre~erably, su~ficient amounts o~ water, ester o~ ~ormic acid, and oxidizer are combined so that the resulting anti-microbial composition comprises about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ the ester of ~ormic acid, about .01 to about 10 wt.% o~ the oxidizer, about .001 to about 5 wt.~ o~ per~ormic acid, and up to about 99.98 wt.~ water.
The anti-microbial composition can be used in place o~ conventional microbicides. The ~ollowing is a partial list o~ uses ~or the anti-microbial composition. The uses o~ the anti-microbial composition is in no way intended to be limited to ~his list.
The anti-microbial composition can be used on skin, medical devices, and eating utensils.
The anti-microbial composition is particular use~ul ~or reprocessing used catheters which are sensitive to conventional anti-microbial W O 97/19594 PCTnJS96/18900 compositions. Preferably, when the anti-microbial composition is used to reprocess used catheters, the anti-microbial composition contains VICTAWET 35b.
It is believed that the VICTAWET acts as a lubricant for the mechanical pump during reprocessing. The reprocessing method disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,721,123 and 5,310,524 are incorporated herein.
The anti-microbial composition is also particularly useful for sterilizing filter modules containing filter membranes in various forms, such as hollow fibers. Sterilization of filter modules using the anti-microbial composition of the present invention is particularly useful for reprocessing hollow fiber membrane dialyzers because not only are lS the dialyzers rendered microbe-free but the anti-microbial also removes proteinaceous blood components. Hollow fiber filter cartridges sterilized using the anti-microbial composition are suitable for re-use in a medial dialysis setting, such as for artificial kidney.
The invention will be further described by the following non-limiting examples.
Three tests were performed on samples of an anti-microbial composition according to the invention (hereinafter "Microbicide 1") made by combining 3.8 to 4~ by weight of ethyl formate, 4%
urea hydrogen peroxide, and the balance water.
Performic acid was generated in an amount of about .001 to about .1 wt.%.
The anti-microbial composition was compared to two known microbicides, CIDEX 7 (Johnson and Johnson, Medical) and 1% RENALIN II (Minntech Corporation, published in PCT/US92/05877).
In the first test, the sporicidal and bactericidal activity of each anti-microbial composition was tested by placing - lxlO 10 Bacillus WO 97/19594 PCTfUS96/18900 subtilis spores into 10 ml of anti-microbial composition in a closed, but not sealed, test tube at room temperature ~about 20~C). At exposure times of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 minutes, 1 s ml was removed and placed in a neutralizer solution to stop the sterilant action. The neutralizer solution comprised 1% Bacto-peptone ~Difco), 1%
sodium thiosulfate, and .025% catalase. The surviving spores were then serially diluted and plated to count.
Figure 1 illustrates the rate of kill by plotting the log number of surviving organisms vs.
exposure time. Fig. 1 illustrates that the Microbicide 1 curve closely fits the 1% RENALIN II
curve. Therefore, Microbicide 1 exhibits anti-microbial effects equal to or greater than 1%
RENALIN II. Fig. 1 also illustrates that Microbicide 1 exhibits significantly greater anti-microbial effects than CIDEX 7, on the order of four logs, after 20 minutes.
The above test was repeated, except using methyl formate, butyl formate, or propyl formate in place of ethyl formate in the same molar concentration. After 20 minutes, 5x104 bacteria were observed and after 60 minutes no bacterial were observed in the methyl formate solution. After 20 minutes, no bacterial were observed and after 60 minutes 6x104 bacterial were observed in the propyl formate solution. The propyl formate solution was retested and no bacteria was observed after 20 and 60 minutes. Therefore, the bacteria observed after 60 minutes in the propyl formate solution was a procedural error. After 20 minutes, 4.3x107 bacterial were observed and after 60 minutes 3.3x106 bacteria were observed in the butyl formate ~ solution.
A second text was performed by coating a petri dish (Falcon Corp.~, cont~;ntng an agar made W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 using tryptic soy tDi~co Labs), with either ~taphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or E.coli. After the plates were dry, three wells were punched into the agar and filled to the top with S either Microbicide 1, RENALIN II or CIDEX 7. The plates were then incubated for 48 hours at 37~C.
The area around the well where no bacterial grew (zone of inhibition) was then measured and graphed.
Figure 2 illustrates the results. The zones where no bacterial grew were significantly larger for the Microbicide 1 than they were for RENALIN II and CIDEX 7. This data illustrates that Microbicide 1 kills significantly more organisms than either of RENALIM II or CIDEX 7, and that Microbicide 1 kills Pseudomonas spp. This is of considerable importance because CIDEX 7 has been reported to have difficulty in killing Pseudomonas spp. This test is similar to the test used for determining the relative effectiveness and/or resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics.
A third test was performed in which an AOAC 966.04 (1990) spori~idal test done on Clostridium sporogenes using suture loops as the carrier. The results are summarized in Tablel. All tests were run for 5 1/2 hours at 20~C. unless stated otherwise.
CA 02236262 l998-04-29 W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 Description: Results (negatives/#samples):
S Microbicide 1 49/50 1/2 concentration Microbicide 1 19/20 Microbicide 1 pH 7 20/20 Microbicide 1 in synthetic hard water 20/20 Microbicide 1 in tap water 20/20 Microbicide 1 at 3 1/2 hours exposure 37/40 Microbicide 1 2 1/2 hours exposure 20/20 Microbicide 1 (double)l 12 min. exp. 19/20 Microbicide 1 (double)1 20 min. exp. 20/20 Microbicide 1 (double) 2 12 min. exp. 17/20 Microbicide 1 (double) 2 20 min. exp. 20/20 Microbicide 1 (double) 2 30 min. exp. 20/20 * A tube is considered negative if no growth is observed after 21 days of incubating, heat shocking at 80~C. for 20 minutes and then incubating again for another 72 hours.
1 Double the amount o~ urea hydrogen peroxide and ethyl formate, 2 wt.% COBRATEC 99, 50~C.
2 Double the amount of urea hydrogen peroxide and 2s ethyl formate, 50~C.
A difference o~ <5 is not statistically significant.
The corrosive effects o~ Microbicide 1 were tested using the same formulation of Microbicide 1 as used in Example 1, except where noted.
In the first test, the corrosive effects of Microbicide 1 and 1% RENALIN II on chrome plated Kerr dental mirrors. The Microbicide 1 formulation ~ tested was the same as in Example 1 except that it did not include COBRATEC 99 and was adjusted to a pH7 using .1 N NaOH. The pH of Microbicide 1 before adjusting was 3.8. The mirrors were soaked at room temperature (about 20~C) in a closed container (screw on lid) for a two week period in about 120 ml of Microbicide 1 or 1% RENALIN II. The solutions were changed daily by pouring out the used liquid and refilling with fresh.
This test was an appearance type of inspection process rather than a quantitative evaluation. Upon e~m; n~tion after the two week period, the mirrors soaked in Microbicide 1 had a significantly better appearance than the mirrors soaked in 1% RENALIN II.
REMALIN II etched away the chrome layer, exposing the brass underneath. The brass was beginning to corrode which turned the 1% RENALIN II solution blue. The Microbicide 1 only slightly dulled the appearance of the chrome plating.
In the second test, the corrosion effects of Microbicide 1 and 3~ RENALIN II on a naval brass coupons (approximately 12.3 gms) were tested. The Microbicide 1 tested was the same as in Example 1 except where noted.
Before testing, the brass coupons were cleaned to remove oils, dirt, etc., by placing the coupons in a glass tray cont~in;ng acetone and sonicating for about 5 minutes, removing the coupons with forceps, rinsing with deionized water, and then air drying. The coupons were then weighed (Wtl).
The method used to test the corrosion effects is outlined in the ASTM G1-90, (1992) Vol.3.02, pp.-35-38. Each naval brass coupon was soaked in about 120 ml of test solution for a time period of 24 hours in a plastic specimen cup.
The rate of corrosion was measured using the mass lost during the 24 hour soak period as follows.
The naval brass coupons were removed from the test liquids, rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, dried and weighed (Wt2). The corrosion products were then removed from the tested coupons. A11 o~
CA 02236262 l998-04-29 W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 the tested coupons and one blank coupon were submerged in 10% sulfuric acid for 2 minutes while sonicating. The coupons were then rinsed thoroughly with deionized water, air dried and weighed (Wt3).
S Each coupon was placed on the back of a modified test tube rack in between two glass slides on each side of the coupon. A weighted SCOTC~H BRITE pad (3M
Corp.) was wrapped around each coupon and the coupon was rubbed 10 times each way with the pad, allowing the weight of the pad to be the only downward force exerted on the coupons. Both sides of the coupons were rubbed with the pad. All of the coupons were then placed in 10% sulfuric acid and sonicated for 2minutes. The coupons were then rinsed, air dried and weighed (Wt4). The coupons were immersed in sulfuric acid and rubbed with the pad as described above until the weight loss of the tested coupons was almost equal to the amount lost by the blank coupon. The weight loss of the tested coupons will not be equal to the amount lost by the blank coupon, but they will usually be within about .001 g of each other. Each weight was measured after air drying as (Wt ).
The corrosion rate was calculated using the following formula:
corrosion rate (mm/yr)=(KxW)/(AxTx D) where:
A=area of coupon in cm2 to nearest .1 cm2 (std=28.7 cm2) K=a constant (8.76xl o4 ) T=time of exposure in hours to the nearest .25 hours.
W=the mass lost in g, to the nearest lmg corrected for the mass lost during cleaning (initial weight-Wtn of treated coupon) minus (Initial weight-Wtn of blank coupon).
D=density in g/cm3 of material tested (naval brass c-464 - 8.gl g/cm3).
The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3.
SUBSTANCE TESTED: CORROSION
RATE:
Microbicide 1 pH 7, 2x concentrate . 57 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7 1.40 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7, w/.l~ COBRATEC 99 .061 m,m/yr Microbicide 1 w/.1% COBRATEC 99 . 094 mm/yr Microbicide 1 w/.17% COBRATEC 99 .035 mm/yr Microbicide 1 w/.1% VICTAWET 35B .77 mm/yr Microbicide 1 w/.1% VICTAWET 58 . 34 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7, w/.1% sodium nitrite 1.26 mm/yr Microbicide 1 pH 7.8, w/.1% sodium nitrite 1.24 mm/yr Cathx 1.10 mm/yr 3~ RENALIN II 4.13 mm/yr The addition of small amounts of COBRATEC 99 significantly reduced the corrosion rate of brass.
In the third test, the corrosion effects of Microbicide 1 and 1% RENALIN on dental burrs and carbon steel scalpel blades was tested. The Microbicide 1 and 1% RENALIN II, and the test procedures, were the same as used in the first test of Example2, except where noted. Microbicide 1 made the burrs tarnish in 24 hours, but the addition of the COBRATEC 99 (.2~) almost el;m;n~ted this problem. To compare, 1% RENALIN etched the burr away. The scalpel blades showed no signs of corrosion from Microbicide 1, with or without COBRATEC. 1% RENALIN performed e~ually well as W O 97/19594 PCTrUS96/18900 Microbicide 1 . However, deionized water (deionized using a mixed bed deionizing system) rusted the blades.
The stability of Microbicide 1 was tested.
Formulas599-81-18 through 599-81-20 used a 1 quart bottle (Twin City Bottle), with vented caps, which was filled with the test solution and the lid screwed on. The 1 ~uart bottles were stored in a closed cabinet at room temperature (about 20~C).
All of the other formulas used 30 gm glass vials, which were ~illed with the test solution and the lids screwed on. The vials were stored on an open lS bench top under fluorescent light at room temperature (about 20~C). The formulas with a "T"
at the end signifies that the test solution was stored at 50~C instead of 20~C.
The test solution, length o~ time tested and the test results are shown in Table 3. The synthetic hard water used was made by the method described in Official Methods of Analysis, Germicidal and Detergent Sanitizing Action o~
Disinfectants (Final Action) 960.09 page 139 "Synthetic Hard Water" (Section E).
The results are also shown in Figures 4-6.
Fig.4 illustrates the concentration of performic acid in hard and deionized water over time. Fig.5 illustrates the concentration o~ hydrogen peroxide in hard and deionized water over time. Fig. 6 illustrates the stability of hydrogen peroxide and performic acid in deionized water over time.
The anti-micro~ial composition of the present invention for dialyzer reprocessing was tested. The initial amount of components in the anti-microbial composition of the present invention W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 ~or sterilizing/reprocessing can be in the range ~rom about l to lO wt.% of an ester of formic acid selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl formate and mixtures thereof;
from about l to lO wt.% of an oxidizer; ~rom about .OOl to .l wt.% performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.% water. Preferably, the initial amount of the ester of formic acid is about 2 to about 7 wt.% and the oxidizer is from about 3 to 9 wt.% with the remainder water. More preferably, the initial amount of the ester of formic acid is about 2 to 4 wt.% and the oxidizer is about 4 to 8 wt.% and most pre~erably, the ester of formic acid is about 2.2 wt.% and the oxidizer is about 7 wt.% (hereinafter abbreviated as "Microbicide 2" ~or notation purposes only).
For dialyzer sterilizing/reprocessing, Microbicide 2 can be diluted from about l:l to about l:12, and preferably between l:5 and l:6 with water.
It is to be understood that in order to remain an effective anti-microbial agent, the anti-microbial composition for dialyzer reprocessing is diluted such that the oxidizer final working concentration is between about O.l to about 2.0 wt.%.
The dialyzer hollow ~iber filer units (PRIMUS~ 1000 high flux polysulfone dialyzers by Renal Systems, Division of Minntech Corporation) were first steam sterilized prior to any reprocessing. Dialyzers were reprocessed or sterilized using Microbicide 2 were compared to dialyzers reprocessed using another anti-microbial composition of hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and peracetic acid, namely, RENALIN~ (Minntech Corporation). Dialyzers were attached to an automated dialyzer reprocessor, namely RENATRON~
(Minntech Corporation), wherein the anti-microbial composition tested was diluted per RENATRON~
protocol, about l:5, with water. The diluted anti-W O97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 microbial composition was then cycled through the dialyzer filter so that the diluted anti-microbial composition flows through the hollow ~ibers in the dialyzer. Performance parameters for dialyzers reprocessed with Microbicide 2 and RENALIN~ were compared.
In particular, the ~ollowing performance measurements were taken on dialyzers reprocessed with either Microbicide 2 or RENA~IN~.
Specifically, water permeability, or flux, measured as ml/min-cm2-mmHg and Na+ clearance, as an estimate ~or plasma urea clearance measured as ml/min, were per~ormed on reprocessed dialyzers. Baseline pretreatment measurements were taken prior to any reprocessing. Performance measurements were taken on reprocessed dialyzers after 10 treatments, or reprocessing cycles on the RENATRON~, and a~ter 20 treatments. Also, after 20 treatments, the reprocessed dialyzers were evaluated ~or BSA
rejection, as an indicator for albumin rejection during dialysis. The following table summarizes the results.
W O 97/19594 PCT~US96/18900 Table 4 Number of Exposures to Anti-S Microbial Composition ~ 10 20 Microbicide Flux 23.95 +/- 31.88~/-4.08 30.05 +/-2.33 3.15 Clearance 171.35 168.67 +/- 163.27 +/-+/- 3.81 4.08 4.74 BSA
Rejection 99 90 +/-O .oa, RENALIN~2 Flux 23.90 35.90 28.20 26.00 28.60 35.50 Clearance 178.70 161.47 171.24 158.90 178.10 177.17 BSA 99. 89 Rejection 99.88 Six steam sterilized dialyzers were reprocessed using Microbicide 2 which was diluted about 1: 5 with water during reprocessing in the RENATRON~.
2Two steam sterilized dialyzers were reprocessed using ~Ar, so that about a 3.5% RF~NAr.TNa9 solution in water passed through the dialyzer during reprocessing in the RENATRON~.
Comparison between the performance lS measurements taken ~rom the dialyzers reprocessed using Microbicide 2 and those taken ~rom the dialyzers using a conventional reprocessing anti-microbial composition indicate that the performance of Microbicide 2 reprocessed dialyzers is substantially similar to the performance of the conventionally reprocessed dialyzers.
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W O 97/19594 PCTnJS96/18900 While the invention has been _ described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated to one of ordinary skill in the art that various-changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
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W O 97/19594 PCTnJS96/18900 While the invention has been _ described in detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated to one of ordinary skill in the art that various-changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (16)
1. A method of sterilizing a filter module with an anti-microbial composition comprising contacting the filter module with an anti-microbial composition comprising from about .01 to about 10.0 wt.% of an ester of formic acid; from about .01 to about 10.0 wt.% of an oxidizer; from about 0.001 to about 5.0 wt.% performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.%
water.
water.
2. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 1, wherein the ester of formic acid is selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl formate, and mixtures thereof.
3. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide.
4. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 2, wherein the ester of formic acid is ethyl formate.
5. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 2, wherein the ester of formic acid is ethyl formate and the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide.
6. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 5, wherein the ethyl formate is in an amount from about .02 to about 5.0 wt.%; hydrogen peroxide is in an amount from about .02 to about 5.0 wt.%; performic acid is in an amount from about 0.001 to about 1.0 wt.%; and up to about 99.98 wt.% water.
7. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 1 further comprising diluting the anti-microbial composition from about 1:1 to about 1:12 with water prior to contacting the filter module with the anti-microbial composition.
8. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 1, wherein the ester of formic acid is in an amount of about 2.2 wt.%; the oxidizer is in an amount of about 7.0 wt.% and water is in an amount of about 90.8 wt.%.
9. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 8, wherein the ester of formic acid is selected from the group consisting of ethyl formate, methyl formate, propyl formate, and mixtures thereof.
10. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 8, wherein the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide.
11. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 9, wherein the ester of formic acid is ethyl formate.
12. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 9, wherein the ester of formic acid is ethyl formate and the oxidizer is hydrogen peroxide.
13. A method of sterilizing a filter module according to claim 12, wherein the anti-microbial composition is capable of dilution with water such that the oxidizer is present in an amount between about 0.1 to about 2.0 wt.%.
14. A method of sterilizing a filter module with an anti-microbial composition comprising:
(a) providing an anti-microbial composition comprising from about .01 to about 10.0 wt.% of an ester of formic acid; from about .01 to about 10.0 wt.% of an oxidizer; from about 0.001 to about 5.0 wt.% performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.%
water;
(b) diluting the anti-microbial composition from about 1:1 to about 1:12 with water; and (c) contacting the filter module with a diluted anti-microbial composition from step (b).
(a) providing an anti-microbial composition comprising from about .01 to about 10.0 wt.% of an ester of formic acid; from about .01 to about 10.0 wt.% of an oxidizer; from about 0.001 to about 5.0 wt.% performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.%
water;
(b) diluting the anti-microbial composition from about 1:1 to about 1:12 with water; and (c) contacting the filter module with a diluted anti-microbial composition from step (b).
15. A method of sterilizing a filter module with an anti-microbial composition according to claim 14, wherein the diluted anti-microbial composition from step (b) is characterized as including the oxidizer in an amount between about 0.1 to about 2.0 wt.%.
16. A method of sterilizing a filter module with an anti-microbial composition comprising contacting the filter module with an anti-microbial composition comprising:
(i) combining a sufficient amount of an ester of formic acid, an oxidizer and water to provide from about 0.01 to about 10.0 wt.% of the ester of formic acid, from about 0.01 to about 10.0 wt.% of the oxidizer, from about 0.001 to about 5.0 wt.% of performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.% water; and (ii) diluting the anti-microbial composition from 1:1 to about 1:12 with water.
(i) combining a sufficient amount of an ester of formic acid, an oxidizer and water to provide from about 0.01 to about 10.0 wt.% of the ester of formic acid, from about 0.01 to about 10.0 wt.% of the oxidizer, from about 0.001 to about 5.0 wt.% of performic acid and up to about 99.98 wt.% water; and (ii) diluting the anti-microbial composition from 1:1 to about 1:12 with water.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US56599595A | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | |
| US08/565,995 | 1995-12-01 | ||
| PCT/US1996/018900 WO1997019594A1 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1996-11-25 | Room temperature sterilant for medical devices |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2236262A1 CA2236262A1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| CA2236262C true CA2236262C (en) | 2000-08-29 |
Family
ID=24260993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002236262A Expired - Fee Related CA2236262C (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1996-11-25 | Room temperature sterilant for medical devices |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5840343A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0881877B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11504842A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR005242A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE287645T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU705333B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2236262C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69634267T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997019594A1 (en) |
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-
1996
- 1996-11-25 JP JP9520606A patent/JPH11504842A/en active Pending
- 1996-11-25 DE DE69634267T patent/DE69634267T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-25 AT AT96940875T patent/ATE287645T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-25 AU AU10830/97A patent/AU705333B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-11-25 WO PCT/US1996/018900 patent/WO1997019594A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-11-25 CA CA002236262A patent/CA2236262C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-25 EP EP96940875A patent/EP0881877B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-29 AR ARP960105425A patent/AR005242A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 1997-04-08 US US08/838,339 patent/US5840343A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
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| ATE287645T1 (en) | 2005-02-15 |
| DE69634267T2 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
| EP0881877B1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| JPH11504842A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
| CA2236262A1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| WO1997019594A1 (en) | 1997-06-05 |
| US5840343A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
| EP0881877A4 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
| AR005242A1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| EP0881877A1 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
| DE69634267D1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| AU705333B2 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
| AU1083097A (en) | 1997-06-19 |
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