CA2255108A1 - Cosmetic skin or hair care compositions containing fluorocarbons infused with carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Cosmetic skin or hair care compositions containing fluorocarbons infused with carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- CA2255108A1 CA2255108A1 CA002255108A CA2255108A CA2255108A1 CA 2255108 A1 CA2255108 A1 CA 2255108A1 CA 002255108 A CA002255108 A CA 002255108A CA 2255108 A CA2255108 A CA 2255108A CA 2255108 A1 CA2255108 A1 CA 2255108A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
- A61Q17/04—Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/69—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing fluorine
- A61K8/70—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing fluorine containing perfluoro groups, e.g. perfluoroethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
Abstract
Cosmetic skin or hair care compositions containing a liquid, inert, hydrophobic fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide. The compositions increase blood flow to the skin, thus increasing endogenous oxygen and nutrient delivery to the skin.
Description
,~ ~
J6436(C) /
COSMETIC SRrN OR HAIR CARE COh~O~l~lONS CON~nN~ ~
~I-UvK~ ~ 2RQrc .LNI!'~ rl~RR~ )N V ~
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Cosmetic compositions cont~;n;ng an inert, liquid, hydrophobic fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide. ---BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Oxygen is used by skin cells to produce energy to fuel cellular processes such as proliferation and production of extracellular matrix substances both of which are essential for maintaining healthy, young looking skin. Oxygen levels in the skin are lower than in other parts of the body and are known to decrease further with age. See e.g. Artmann et.al. "Oxygen in the skin a new parameter of skin ageing,~
SOFW 119/15, pp. 942-48 (1993). Thus, skin care compositions which increase skin oxygen levels are desirable.
One way of increasing skin oxygen levels is by increasing blood flow to the skin. Immersion of the skin in carbon dioxide enriched water has previously been shown to increase blood flow and therefore oxygen delivery to the skin. See e.g. Hartmann et.al. "Effect of carbon dioxide-enriched water and fresh water on the cutaneous microcirculation and oxygen tension in the skin of the foot,~ Angiology, vol.48,pp.337-43t1997).
Ryan et al. and Curri et al. describe that increased blood flow to the skin may be beneficial in the treatment of cellulite. See Ryan et al. ~The Development of Adipose Tissue and its Relationship to the Vascular System, a Clinics in Dermatology, Volume 7, Number 4, pp. 1-7, October-December (1989), and S. Curri "Cellulite and Fatty Tissue CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Microcirculation,n Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 108, pp. 51-58, April (1993).
Fluorocarbons are safe, chemically inert compounds which are capable of dissolving large quantities of carbon dioxide gas. South African Patent Applications 934570, 934571 and 946064 (all to Lancaster) disclose that fluorocarbons cont~-n;ng oxygen can deliver oxygen to the skin via topical application. Such exogenous delivery of oxygen, however, has several important drawbacks. Topical treatment with oxygen does not increase blood flow to the skin (because oxygen is not a vasodilator) and, therefore, would not increase delivery of nutrients from the blood to skin. Also, oxygen is not safe to work with, because it is highly flammable, so it presents manufacturing challenges and an increase in cost. In addition, products cont~in;ng oxygen do not allow a co-presence of agents that are sensitive to oxidation (i.e. antioxidants or retinoids) because such agents are unstable in the presence of oxygen.
Some cosmetic products, mainly antiperspirants, employ fluorocarbon gas, sometimes in mixtures with carbon dioxide, as a propellant. See e.g. EP 0 275 695. By contrast, skin care compositions in the present invention contain liquid fluorocarbons.
Cosmetic products for washing or styling of hair containing liquid fluorocarbons are also known. See e.g., Murray et al. U.S. Patent 5,451,395 or Gough et al., U.S.
Patent 5,580,550.
Moore (U.S. Patents 4,879,062 and 4,569,784) discloses gels cont~;n;ng perfluorocarbons and oxygen for treatment of wounds, bruises and irritations. Moore describes perfluorocarbons in the Background of the Invention section CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) as substances capable of transporting inert gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and air but the only gas in Moore's compositions is oxygen. Furth~rmore, Moore does not address the problems of either increasing the blood flow to skin or increasing endogenous oxygen level in skin. Moore does not teach cosmetic skin care compositions aimed at delivering anti-aging benefits to an intact, non-wounded skin. Rather, Moore's compositions are medicinal treatment compositions aimed at delivering exogenous oxygen and have the drawbacks associated with exogenous oxygen delivery as described above. Moore's compositions do not have the same mode of action and do not achieve the same results as the present invention.
SU ~ ARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a cosmetic skin or hair care composition comprising:
i) from about 0.1% to about 70%, by weight of the composition, of a fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide;
and ii) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle;
wherein the fluorocarbon is inert, liquid at 25C, ~and hydrophobic.
The present invention also includes a cosmetic method of delivering endogenous oxygen to skin, the method comprising applying to skin the inventive composition.
The inventive composition and method improve blood flow and circulation to skin and, consequently, improve supply of endogenous oxygen to skin. The increased blood flow may in . . . .... . , .. . . ~
' CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J~36(C) turn result in reduced appearance of wrinkles and aged or photoaged skin, reduced signs of cellulite, improved skin color, improved condition of hair roots, improvement in skin's radiance and clarity and finish, and an overall - healthy and youthful appearance of the skin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
All amounts are by weight of the composition, unless otherwise specified.
The term "skin~ as used herein includes the skin on the body, face and scalp.
The inventive compositions contain fluorocarbons which are fluorinated compounds that may or may not contain heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or another halogen. The fluorocarbons of the invention are dense, inert, hydrophobic liquids with a high capacity for dissolving carbon dioxide or oxygen (the more fluorinated the fluorocarbon the higher its capacity for dissolving a gas). Moreover, for the purpose of the invention fluorocarbons will be selected so that they are liquid (not gas and not solid) at room temperature, i.e. their boiling point is higher than 40C and preferably higher than 60C.
Thus, in practice fluorocarbons of the invention will have at least 6 carbon atoms and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
Within these conditions, fluorocarbons have generally a low viscosity so that they are pourable like water or fluid oils used as emollients for cosmetic purpose.
Preferably, the fluorocarbons included in the inventive compositions are not charged (i.e., non-ionic), because non-charged fluorocarbons are more inert and also should deliver CO2 better. The fluorocarbons of the invention can have . ~ ; - - , . . , . ; . . . - - - , . . - -CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) straight chains (e.g., perfluorooctane, perfluorodecane), or may contain some ring structures (perfluorodecalin), they may contain heteroatoms such as other halogens (perfluorooctylbromide, perfluorodecylbromide, perfluorooctyliodide), nitrogen (perfluorotripropylamine, perfluoro-tributylamine), or hydrogen (bis-(F-butyl)-ethene or F-44E). Preferably, the fluorocarbon of the invention is a perfluorinated ether (e.g., perfluoro-polymethylisopropyl ether sold under tradenames of Fomblin or Aflunox 100), because perfluorinated ethers are relatively cheaper and commercially available.
The inventive compositions contain from 0.1% to 70%, preferably from 0.1% to 30%, most preferably (in order to maximize the efficacy/cost ratio) from 1% to 15% of fluorocarbon. The weight of the fluorocarbon remains essentially the same when it is infused with carbon dioxide.
According to the present invention a fluorocarbon is infused with carbon dioxide, preferably in a CO2 atmosphere (e.g., under a CO2 blanket) either before or after the fluorocarbon is incorporated into a final composition. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluorocarbon and the rest of the composition are each infused with carbon dioxide, under a CO2 blanket, and then mixed with each other, under a CO2 blanket. The infusion with carbon dioxide is attained ' by bubbling the gas through the fluorocarbon.
It is advantageous to infuse the fluorocarbon prior to its incorporation in a final composition due to the easier carbonation when bubbling through a low viscosity fluid rather than through a more viscous final composition. To maximize carbon dioxide delivery, infusion of carbon dioxide CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) is done preferably until the fluorocarbon is totally saturated with carbon dioxide.
The fluorocarbon in the inventive composition carries typically 50% to 250%, preferably from 100 to 250%, most preferably from 140 to 250% its volume in carbon dioxide at 37C.
The inventive compositions also include a cosmetically acceptable vehicle or a carrier which is inert, usually an ingredient present in the highest amounts, and functioning to deliver the fluorocarbon.
Vehicles other than or in addition to water can include liquid or solid emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders.
The cosmetically acceptable vehicle will usually form from 5% to 99.9%, preferably from 25% to 80% by weight of the composition, and can, in the absence of other cosmetic adjuncts, form the balance of the composition.
According to the present invention, the vehicle is preferably at least 50% water, by weight of the vehicle. The inventive compositions are preferably oil-water emulsions, to m;n;m; ze carbon dioxide escape and/or the fluorocarbon evaporation. In the oil-in-water emulsions, fluorocarbon is dispersed as discrete droplets in an aqueous phase, m;n;m;zing fluorocarbon~s direct contact with the atmosphere.
In the preferred oil-in-water emulsions according to the present invention, water comprises at least 50%, most preferably from 60 to 80%.
~ CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Optional Skin Benefit Material~ and Cogmetic Adiuncts Cosmetic Skin Care Compositions:
The preferred compositions according to the present invention are cosmetic compositions for the treatment of skin aiming to achieve anti-aging benefits. Such compositions preferably include a sunscreen, to further m;n;m;ze aging, wrinkling and photodamage to skin which result from exposure of skin to harmful W -A and W -B rays.
Illustrative compounds are the derivatives of PABA, c;nn~m~te and salicylate. For example, octyl methoxyc;nn~m~te and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (also known as oxybenzone) can be used. Octyl methoxyc;nn~m~te and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone are comm.ercially available under the trademarks, Parsol MCX and Benzophenone-3, respectively. For optimal W -A protection, the compositions may include avobenzone commercially available under the trademark Parsol 1789, and/or a physical sunscreen which offers broad spectrum protection such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. The exact amount of sunscreen employed in the emulsions can vary dep~n~;ng upon the degree of protection desired from the sun's W radiation and the identity of the sunscreen employed.
Generally, the amount of the sunscreen in the inventive compositions for cosmetic skin care is in the range of from 0.1% to 25%. With regard to the individual sunscreen agents, the amounts are as follows: from 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 2% to 7.5%, most preferably from 2 to 5% of octyl methoxyc;nn~m~te.; from 0.1% to 6%, preferably from 2% to 6%, most preferably from 2% to 4% of oxybenzonei from 0.1%
to 5%, preferably from 0.1% to 2%, most preferably from 0.1%
to 1% of avobenzone; from 0.1% to 25%, preferably from 2% to 25%, most preferably from 2% to 5% of titanium dioxide; from CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) 0.1% to 25%, preferably from 2% to 25%, most preferably from 2% to 5% of zinc oxide.
An oil or oily material may be present, together with an emulsifier to provide, preferably, an oil-in-water emulslon .
Emollients are often incorporated into cosmetic compositions of the present invention. Levels of such emollients may range from 0.5% to 50%, preferably between 5'~
and 30% by weight of the total composition. Emollients may be classified under such general chemical categories as esters, fatty acids and alcohols, polyols and hydrocarbons.
Esters may be mono- or di-esters. Acceptable examples of fatty di-esters include dibutyl adipate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl dimerate, and dioctyl succinate. Acceptable branched chain fatty esters include 2-ethyl-hexyl myristate, isopropyl stearate and isostearyl palmitate. Acceptable tribasic acid esters include triisopropyl trilinoleate and trilauryl citrate. Acceptable straight chain fatty esters include lauryl palmitate, myristyl lactate, oleyl eurcate and stearyl oleate. Preferred esters include coco-caprylate/caprate (a blend of coco-caprylate and coco-caprate), propylene glycol myristyl ether acetate, diisopropyl adipate and cetyl octanoate.
Suitable fatty alcohols and acids include those compounds having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Especially preferred are compounds such as cetyl, myristyl, palmitic and stearyl alcohols and acids.
Among the polyols which may serve as emollients are linear and branched chain alkyl polyhydroxyl compounds. For example, propylene glycol, sorbitol and glycerin are ~ CA 02255108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) preferred. Also useful may be polymeric polyols such as poly-propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol. Butylene and propylene glycol are also especially preferred as penetration enhancers.
Exemplary hydrocarbons which may serve as emollients are those having hydrocarbon c~; n~ anywhere from 12 to 30 carbon atoms. Specific examples include mineral oil, petroleum jelly, squalene and isoparaffins.
Another category of functional ingredients within the cosmetic compositions of the present invention are thickeners. A thickener will usually be present in amounts anywhere from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of the composition. Exemplary thickeners are cross-linked polyacrylate materials available under the trademark Carbopol from the B.F. Goodrich Company.
Gums may be employed such as xanthan, carrageenan, gelatin, karaya, pectin and locust beans gum.
Powders may be incorporated into the cosmetic composition of the invention. These powders include chalk, talc, kaolin, starch, smectite clays, chemically modified magnesium aluminum silicate, organically modified montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminum silicate, fumed silica, aluminum starch octenyl succinate and mixtures thereof.
Skin care compositions may include coloring agents, opacifiers and perfumes. Amounts of these other adjunct minor components may range anywhere from 0.001~ up to 20~ by weight of the composition.
..... .
CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Cosmetic Hair Care Compositions:
When the inventive composition is a hair care composition, it acts on the skin of the scalp, increasing the blood flow to the skin of the scalp and the hair roots. Such hair care compositions may be "leave-on~ or ~rinse-off~
products such as shampoos, conditioners, tonics, styling aids, etc.
The inventive hair care compositions typically may include the ingredients described above for skin care compositions and further include one or more surfactant materials and/or one or more conditioning agents.
Surfactant materials are selected from anionic, nonionic,amphoteric or cationic surfactants or mixtures thereof.
Hair conditioning products preferably comprise one or more cationic surfactants. The use of cationic surfactants is especially preferred, because these ingredients are capable of providing conditioning benefits to hair.
Suitable anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkoyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alpha -olefin sulphonates, especially their sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine salts. The alkyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated. The alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may contain from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain 2 to 3 ethylene oxide units per molecule.
CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Examples of suitable anionic surfactants include sodium oleyl succinate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate. The most preferred anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl sulphate, triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, triethanolamine monolauryl phosphate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate lEO, 2EO and 3EO, ammonium.. lauryl sulphate and ammonium lauryl ether sulphate lEO, 2EO and 3EO.
The nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the composition of the invention may include condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched-chain alcohols or phenols with alkylene oxides, usually ethylene oxide and generally 6-3OEO.
Other suitable nonionics include mono- or di-alkyl alkanolamides or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples include coco mono- or di-ethanolamiae, cocomonoisopropanolamide, and coco di-glucoside.
The amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the composition of the invention may include alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Examples include lauryl amine oxide, cocodimethyl sulphopropyl betaine and preferably lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium coc~mrhopropionate.
Examples of cationic surfactants include: cetyl trimethylammonium chloride, stearyl dimethylbenzyl ~mmon; um CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, quaternium-5, - 31, - 18 and mixtures thereof.
The level of surfactant materials in shampoo compositions of the invention is preferably more than 1%, more preferably 2-35% and most preferably from 5 to 30% by weight of the composition. In hair-conditioner products according to the invention the level of cationic surfactants is preferably from 0.01 to 10%, more preferably 0.05 to 5%, most preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight of the composition.
If the hair care composition of the invention comprises in addition to the fluorocarbon materials and the cationic surfactant any additional conditioning agent, this material is preferably chosen from cationic polymers, or quaternised protein hydrolysates.
Suitable cationic polymers include Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, Quaternium-19, - 23, - 40, -57, poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), poly (dimethyl butenyl Ammo~;um chloride)-,w- bis (triethanolammonium chloride), Poly(dipropyldiallylammonium chloride) , Poly (methyl-beta-propaniodiallyammonium chloride), Poly (diallylpiperidinium chloride), poly (vinyl pyridinium chloride), quaternised poly (vinyl alcohol), quaternised poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) and mixtures thereof.
Suitable protein derivatives include lauryl dimonium hydroxy propylaminohydrolysed An;mAl protein, available commercially under the tr~nA~e LAMEQUAT L, and hydrolysed keratin contA; n; ng sulphur-bearing amino acids, available commercially under the trA~en~me CROQUAT WKP.
The preferred level of conditioning agents other than perfluoropolyethers and cationic surfactants in compositions CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) of the invention is from 0 to 20%, for example from 0.01 to 10% or from 0.1 to 5% by weight.
The hair care composition of the invention may also include minor amounts of other ingredients commonly found in hair-treatment compositions, such as antibacterial agents, antidandruff agents such as zinc pyridinethione or Octopirox, foam boosters, pearlescers, perfumes, dyes, colouring agents, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, proteins, polymers, buffering agents, polyols and other moisturising agents, herb extracts, mink oil or honey.
Use of the Composition The composition according to the invention is intended primarily as a cosmetic product for topical application to human skin, especially for increasing the supply of endogenous oxygen to skin and thus preventing or reducing the signs of lined, wrinkled, aged or photodamaged skin, or cellulite or promoting scalp health.
In use, a small quantity of the composition, for example from 1 to 100 ml, is applied to exposed areas of the skin, from a suitable container or applicator and, if necessary, it is then spread over and/or rubbed into the skin using the hand or fingers or a suitable device.
Hair care compositions of the invention are generally applied in an amount of from 1 to 50 mls. Preferred amounts for shampoos are 3 to 5 mls to wet hair. After applying the shampoo, the wet hair is worked to create a lather. The lather may be retained on the head for a short time before rinsing, e.g. from 1 to 4 minutes, or may ir~~~;ately be rinsed. The treatment may be repeated, if required. For conditioners the preferred dosage is from 8 to 20 mls which ~ . ~
CA 022~108 1998- 12-03 J6436(C) is applied to hair after washing or rinsing, whereafter the wet hair is worked and rinsed.
Product Form and Packaging The composition of the invention can be formulated as a lotion, a fluid cream, or a cream. A lotion or a fluid cream is preferred due to its relativel-~ low viscosity promoting a better spr~A; ng of the internal fluorocarbon phase into a more uniform fluorocarbon oil film resulting in an even carbon dioxide delivery to the underlying skin tissue.
The composition can be packaged in a suitable container to suit its viscosity and intended use by the consumer. For example, a lotion or fluid cream can be packaged in a bottle or a roll-ball applicator, or a capsule, or a propellant-driven aerosol device or a container fitted with a pump suitable for finger operation. When the composition is a cream, it can simply be stored in a non-deformable bottle or squeeze container, such as a tube or a lidded jar.
The invention accordingly also provides a closed container cont~;n;ng a cosmetically acceptable composition as herein defined.
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto.
~UWL~3 1 Endogenous oxygen delivery to the skin was measured using a transcu~aneous oxygen monitor (TCM3 transcutaneous pO2/pCO2 monitor from Radiometer America, Inc.). The .
CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) instrument's probe contains a platinum cathode as an oxygen sensor electrode and a silver anode as a reference electrode. The current that is created at the electrode in the presence of oxygen is converted by a microcomputer into transcutaneous oxygen values.
To conduct measurements, two test sites were designated on one volar forearm and an adhesive ring was placed at each site. Three drops of propylene glycol contact solution was then added to the inner wells of the rings. Baseline transcutaneous oxygen readings were taken at both sites simultaneously using 2 transcutaneous monitors. After taking baseline readings, the probes were removed from the adhesive rings and the sites were gently blotted dry.
Perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether emulsion (Fomblin, obtained from Brooks Industries Inc) infused with carbon dioxide or Fomblin emulsion control (no carbon dioxide) were prepared. The Fomblin emulsions contained 1.25% of a blend of polyacrylamide with C13-14 isoparaffin and with laureth-7 (an emulsifier under tradename Sepigel 305~, the amount of Fomblin as indicated in Table 1, and water in quantity sufficient to 100%. Emulsions were made at room temperature by first adding the Fomblin to water while mixing with an overhead mixer for 10 minutes and then adding the Sepigel 305 while mixing for 10 minutes at 700 rpm.
The infusion was attained by using a carbon dioxide tank with a rubber tube running from the tank to the emulsion: carbon dioxide was piped into the emulsion for 2 minutes while stirring.
Depending on the trial, the sites were treated with either 50, 100 or 200 ,ul of Fomblin emuslion. One site was treated with Fomblin emulsion with CO2 and the other was treated with Fomblin emulsion control (no COz). The .. . . . . ~ .. . . . ...... ..
J~36(C) emulsions were placed at each site using a positive displacement pipette. Within the experiment, the same amount was used for the Fomblin emulsion with CO2 and the Fomblin emulsion control. After 10 minutes, the emulsions were removed from the skin using a cotton swab. The probes were placed back into the adhesive rings and oxygen levels were again measured. Measurements taken after 4, 5 and 6 minutes were divided by their respective baseline re~;ngs to determine fold increase in endogenous oxygen over baseline. Statistical significance was determined using a students T-test.
The results that were obtained are summarized in Table 1.
TABI~ 1 Trial #COLUMN A: COLUMN B: p value Fomblin Emulsion Fomblin F. ' - +CO2 COLUMN A vs.
Control - - COLUMN B
Fold Incre~e in PO2 Fold Increase in p~2 Over Baseline (Avg. ofOver B~eline (Avg. of 3 time points) 3 time points) 15%
Fomblin 0.5~ 5.4 (.W03 *
O. ~ 0.32 .0~ 5 *
0.~ 1 .4 0..'' 0.19 ~.C(2 *
(Control is higher) 0.47 1.65 0.0004 *
30%
Fomblin 0.19 1.04 0.03 *
2 0.57 1.06 0.017 *
100%
Fomblin 0.79 0.87 0.34 *statistically significant The results show that the fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide significantly increased transcutaneous oxygen levels over the fluorocarbon emulsion control in six out of ..
CA 0225~108 1998-12-03 J~36(C) eight trials. The composition cont~;n-ng 100% fluorocarbon enriched with carbon dioxide did not significantly increase oxygen levels over the fluorocarbon emulsion control. This may be due to a faster diffusion of air from the atmosphere into the fomblin at the expense of the dissolved carbon dioxide in the case of the pure fomblin. In the case of the fomblin emulsion the vehicle structure may prevent the quick escape of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere thus promoting its release to tne underlying tissues by acting like a temporary gas "barrier" or ~carbon dioxide sealant". This may indicate the need for using such vehicles as oil-in-water emulsions for the efficient delivery of benefits rather than using neat fluorocarbons.
It should be noted that the results of trial# 4 were opposite to the results of the other trials. This may be due to an error in calibrating the instrument prior to trial # 4.
-An erythema meter (Diastron) was used to measurespectrophotometrically the level of pinkness on the surface of human skin as an indicator of the level of blood flow.
Increased blood flow to the skin typically results in increased pinkness. Two test sites were designated on one volar forearm. 400 ~ul of ~luorocarbon emulsion (either perfluorodecalin or fomblin) enriched with carbon dioxide was placed at one site and perfluorocarbon emulsion control (no CO2) was placed at the other. Perfluorodecalin ~MW=462) was obtained from Aldrich. The emulsions were prepared the same as in Example 1. After 5 minutes, the emulsions were removed and 10 consecutive measurements were taken at each site by placing the probe in contact with the skin.
Statistical significance was determined using a students T-J6436(C) test. The results that were obtained are summarized in Table 2.
Trial # COLUMN A: COLUMN B: p Value:
COLUMN A
vs.
COLUMN B
1% Fomblin Fomblin P.m.. l~ Fomblin F ' ~ +CO2 Control (Avg. of 10 readings) (Avg. of 10 readings) 8.3 15.0 0.0005*
30% Fomblin Fomblin F -'-~or Fomblin r ~ +Co2 Control (Avg. of 10 readings) ~vg. of 10 readings) ~.7 17.0 0.0005*
2 ~.1 17.9 0.0005*
5% rc,.lluul~d~calin P~ )ludecalill rc~ lodc~li Emulsion Control F.ml-lsion + CO~
(,'.vg. of 10 readings) (Avg. of 10 readings) 1".7 24.6 0.0005*
2 1 ' .4 24. 1 0.0005*
*statistically significant The data in Table 2 shows that pinkness o~ the skin was -significantly greater after treatment with various levels of fluorocarbon emulsions infused with carbon dioxide as compared to the fluorocarbon controls. This demonstrates that blood flow to the skin was higher after treatment with fluorocarbons containing carbon dioxide.
. , .
J6436(C) This example illustrates an oil-in-water cream incorporating the inventive composition.
__ perfluorodecalin infused with 0.15 carbon dioxide Mineral oil 4 Brij 56* 4 Alfol 16RD* 4 Triethanolamine 0.75 Butane-1,3-diol 3 Xanthan gum O.3 Perfume qs Butylated hydroxy toluene 0.01 Water to 100 * Brij 56 is cetyl alcohol POE (10) Alfol 16RD is cetyl alcohol .. ........ . ...
- ; , . i , " . , ,.. ,,,,; .,, ", ~6436(C) E~XA~'I.E 4 This example illustrates a suncare cream incorporating the composition of the invention:
perfluorooctylbromide infused 10 with carbon dioxide Ursolic acid 0.1 Glycerylmonostearate 3 Cetosteryl alcohol 1.6 Polyoxyethylene-(20J-cetyl 1.4 alcohol Xanthan gum O.5 Parsol 1789 1.5 Octyl methoxycinnate (PARSOL MCX) 7 Perfume qs Color qs Water to 100 J6436(C) The following oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is prepared:
chemical name wt.%
perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether infused with carbon dioxide 25 glycerin ~ 1 tetrasodium EDTA 0.1 cetyl alcohol stearyl alcohol mineral oil 5 polyquaternium 37 2 steareth-21 steareth-2 O.S
salicylic acid 2 triethanolamine to pH 3.0 water DI qs to 100%
J6436(C) E~CAJlPI~ 6 The following oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is prepared:
chemical name wt.% - -perfluorodecane infused with carbon dioxide 50 xanthan gum 0.2 disodium EDTA 0.1 sodium PCA 0.5 diazodinyl urea 0.3 titanium dioxide stearic acid 3 cetyl alcohol 0.5 glyceryl stearate 0.5 peg-100 stearate 0.5 steareth-2 0.2 lecithin 0.5 tocopherol 0.2 octyl methoxyc;nnAmAte 6 green tea extract triethanolamine to pH 3.8 water DI qs to 100%
-' CA 02255108 1998-12-03 J~36(C) A typical oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is as follows:
chemical name wt.%
perfluorotributylamine infused with carbon dioxide 30 propylene glycol glycerin hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5 magnesium aluminum silicate 0.5 imidazolidinyl urea 0.5 tetrasodium EDTA 0.05 petrolatum 2 isopropyl palmitate 5 cholesterol 0.5 cetyl alcohol 0.5 isostearic acid 3 retinyl palmitate 0.1 peg-40 stearate peg-100 stearate sorbitan stearate water DI qs to 100 The following oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is prepared:
chemical name wt.
bis-(F-butyl~-ethene infused with carbon dioxide 60 .
all-trans retinoic acid 0.05 light mineral oil 10 stearoxytrimethylsilane and stearyl alcohol 5 stearyl stearate 10 quaternium-15 3 peg-22 dodecyl glycol copolymer sorbitol 0.5 methyl paraben 0.2 disodium EDTA 0.1 butylated hydroxytoluene 0.1 water DI qs to 100%
., ~ . . .
J6436(C) B~AMPI~ 9 The following conditioner composition can be made by heating the water to 80~C. The first five ingredients are added with stirring. The mixture is cooled to 40~C. with stirring. Preservatives, perfume and color are added. The resulting mixture is cooled.
INGREDIENT % wt Cetyl trimethylammoniumchloride 0.7 Cetostearyl alcohol 2.0 Paraffin wax 1.0 Glycerolmonostearate 0.7 Perfluoropolyether infused with carbon dioxide 0.001 Preservative, perfume, color qs water to 100 _ _ , ., . . , . ... , _ J6436(C) ~?~ 10 A shampoo of the following formulation can be made by using a simple cold process, whereby all the ingredients are mixed using a paddle stirrer.
INGREDIENT % wt Sodium Lauryl ether sulphate 2E0 16.0 Lauryl betaine 2.0 Jaguar C13S 0.04 Perfluoropolyether infused with carbon dioxide 0.003 NaCl 1.0 Preservative, perfume, colour qs water to 100
J6436(C) /
COSMETIC SRrN OR HAIR CARE COh~O~l~lONS CON~nN~ ~
~I-UvK~ ~ 2RQrc .LNI!'~ rl~RR~ )N V ~
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Cosmetic compositions cont~;n;ng an inert, liquid, hydrophobic fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide. ---BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Oxygen is used by skin cells to produce energy to fuel cellular processes such as proliferation and production of extracellular matrix substances both of which are essential for maintaining healthy, young looking skin. Oxygen levels in the skin are lower than in other parts of the body and are known to decrease further with age. See e.g. Artmann et.al. "Oxygen in the skin a new parameter of skin ageing,~
SOFW 119/15, pp. 942-48 (1993). Thus, skin care compositions which increase skin oxygen levels are desirable.
One way of increasing skin oxygen levels is by increasing blood flow to the skin. Immersion of the skin in carbon dioxide enriched water has previously been shown to increase blood flow and therefore oxygen delivery to the skin. See e.g. Hartmann et.al. "Effect of carbon dioxide-enriched water and fresh water on the cutaneous microcirculation and oxygen tension in the skin of the foot,~ Angiology, vol.48,pp.337-43t1997).
Ryan et al. and Curri et al. describe that increased blood flow to the skin may be beneficial in the treatment of cellulite. See Ryan et al. ~The Development of Adipose Tissue and its Relationship to the Vascular System, a Clinics in Dermatology, Volume 7, Number 4, pp. 1-7, October-December (1989), and S. Curri "Cellulite and Fatty Tissue CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Microcirculation,n Cosmetics & Toiletries, vol. 108, pp. 51-58, April (1993).
Fluorocarbons are safe, chemically inert compounds which are capable of dissolving large quantities of carbon dioxide gas. South African Patent Applications 934570, 934571 and 946064 (all to Lancaster) disclose that fluorocarbons cont~-n;ng oxygen can deliver oxygen to the skin via topical application. Such exogenous delivery of oxygen, however, has several important drawbacks. Topical treatment with oxygen does not increase blood flow to the skin (because oxygen is not a vasodilator) and, therefore, would not increase delivery of nutrients from the blood to skin. Also, oxygen is not safe to work with, because it is highly flammable, so it presents manufacturing challenges and an increase in cost. In addition, products cont~in;ng oxygen do not allow a co-presence of agents that are sensitive to oxidation (i.e. antioxidants or retinoids) because such agents are unstable in the presence of oxygen.
Some cosmetic products, mainly antiperspirants, employ fluorocarbon gas, sometimes in mixtures with carbon dioxide, as a propellant. See e.g. EP 0 275 695. By contrast, skin care compositions in the present invention contain liquid fluorocarbons.
Cosmetic products for washing or styling of hair containing liquid fluorocarbons are also known. See e.g., Murray et al. U.S. Patent 5,451,395 or Gough et al., U.S.
Patent 5,580,550.
Moore (U.S. Patents 4,879,062 and 4,569,784) discloses gels cont~;n;ng perfluorocarbons and oxygen for treatment of wounds, bruises and irritations. Moore describes perfluorocarbons in the Background of the Invention section CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) as substances capable of transporting inert gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and air but the only gas in Moore's compositions is oxygen. Furth~rmore, Moore does not address the problems of either increasing the blood flow to skin or increasing endogenous oxygen level in skin. Moore does not teach cosmetic skin care compositions aimed at delivering anti-aging benefits to an intact, non-wounded skin. Rather, Moore's compositions are medicinal treatment compositions aimed at delivering exogenous oxygen and have the drawbacks associated with exogenous oxygen delivery as described above. Moore's compositions do not have the same mode of action and do not achieve the same results as the present invention.
SU ~ ARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention includes a cosmetic skin or hair care composition comprising:
i) from about 0.1% to about 70%, by weight of the composition, of a fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide;
and ii) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle;
wherein the fluorocarbon is inert, liquid at 25C, ~and hydrophobic.
The present invention also includes a cosmetic method of delivering endogenous oxygen to skin, the method comprising applying to skin the inventive composition.
The inventive composition and method improve blood flow and circulation to skin and, consequently, improve supply of endogenous oxygen to skin. The increased blood flow may in . . . .... . , .. . . ~
' CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J~36(C) turn result in reduced appearance of wrinkles and aged or photoaged skin, reduced signs of cellulite, improved skin color, improved condition of hair roots, improvement in skin's radiance and clarity and finish, and an overall - healthy and youthful appearance of the skin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
All amounts are by weight of the composition, unless otherwise specified.
The term "skin~ as used herein includes the skin on the body, face and scalp.
The inventive compositions contain fluorocarbons which are fluorinated compounds that may or may not contain heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or another halogen. The fluorocarbons of the invention are dense, inert, hydrophobic liquids with a high capacity for dissolving carbon dioxide or oxygen (the more fluorinated the fluorocarbon the higher its capacity for dissolving a gas). Moreover, for the purpose of the invention fluorocarbons will be selected so that they are liquid (not gas and not solid) at room temperature, i.e. their boiling point is higher than 40C and preferably higher than 60C.
Thus, in practice fluorocarbons of the invention will have at least 6 carbon atoms and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
Within these conditions, fluorocarbons have generally a low viscosity so that they are pourable like water or fluid oils used as emollients for cosmetic purpose.
Preferably, the fluorocarbons included in the inventive compositions are not charged (i.e., non-ionic), because non-charged fluorocarbons are more inert and also should deliver CO2 better. The fluorocarbons of the invention can have . ~ ; - - , . . , . ; . . . - - - , . . - -CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) straight chains (e.g., perfluorooctane, perfluorodecane), or may contain some ring structures (perfluorodecalin), they may contain heteroatoms such as other halogens (perfluorooctylbromide, perfluorodecylbromide, perfluorooctyliodide), nitrogen (perfluorotripropylamine, perfluoro-tributylamine), or hydrogen (bis-(F-butyl)-ethene or F-44E). Preferably, the fluorocarbon of the invention is a perfluorinated ether (e.g., perfluoro-polymethylisopropyl ether sold under tradenames of Fomblin or Aflunox 100), because perfluorinated ethers are relatively cheaper and commercially available.
The inventive compositions contain from 0.1% to 70%, preferably from 0.1% to 30%, most preferably (in order to maximize the efficacy/cost ratio) from 1% to 15% of fluorocarbon. The weight of the fluorocarbon remains essentially the same when it is infused with carbon dioxide.
According to the present invention a fluorocarbon is infused with carbon dioxide, preferably in a CO2 atmosphere (e.g., under a CO2 blanket) either before or after the fluorocarbon is incorporated into a final composition. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluorocarbon and the rest of the composition are each infused with carbon dioxide, under a CO2 blanket, and then mixed with each other, under a CO2 blanket. The infusion with carbon dioxide is attained ' by bubbling the gas through the fluorocarbon.
It is advantageous to infuse the fluorocarbon prior to its incorporation in a final composition due to the easier carbonation when bubbling through a low viscosity fluid rather than through a more viscous final composition. To maximize carbon dioxide delivery, infusion of carbon dioxide CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) is done preferably until the fluorocarbon is totally saturated with carbon dioxide.
The fluorocarbon in the inventive composition carries typically 50% to 250%, preferably from 100 to 250%, most preferably from 140 to 250% its volume in carbon dioxide at 37C.
The inventive compositions also include a cosmetically acceptable vehicle or a carrier which is inert, usually an ingredient present in the highest amounts, and functioning to deliver the fluorocarbon.
Vehicles other than or in addition to water can include liquid or solid emollients, solvents, humectants, thickeners and powders.
The cosmetically acceptable vehicle will usually form from 5% to 99.9%, preferably from 25% to 80% by weight of the composition, and can, in the absence of other cosmetic adjuncts, form the balance of the composition.
According to the present invention, the vehicle is preferably at least 50% water, by weight of the vehicle. The inventive compositions are preferably oil-water emulsions, to m;n;m; ze carbon dioxide escape and/or the fluorocarbon evaporation. In the oil-in-water emulsions, fluorocarbon is dispersed as discrete droplets in an aqueous phase, m;n;m;zing fluorocarbon~s direct contact with the atmosphere.
In the preferred oil-in-water emulsions according to the present invention, water comprises at least 50%, most preferably from 60 to 80%.
~ CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Optional Skin Benefit Material~ and Cogmetic Adiuncts Cosmetic Skin Care Compositions:
The preferred compositions according to the present invention are cosmetic compositions for the treatment of skin aiming to achieve anti-aging benefits. Such compositions preferably include a sunscreen, to further m;n;m;ze aging, wrinkling and photodamage to skin which result from exposure of skin to harmful W -A and W -B rays.
Illustrative compounds are the derivatives of PABA, c;nn~m~te and salicylate. For example, octyl methoxyc;nn~m~te and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone (also known as oxybenzone) can be used. Octyl methoxyc;nn~m~te and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone are comm.ercially available under the trademarks, Parsol MCX and Benzophenone-3, respectively. For optimal W -A protection, the compositions may include avobenzone commercially available under the trademark Parsol 1789, and/or a physical sunscreen which offers broad spectrum protection such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. The exact amount of sunscreen employed in the emulsions can vary dep~n~;ng upon the degree of protection desired from the sun's W radiation and the identity of the sunscreen employed.
Generally, the amount of the sunscreen in the inventive compositions for cosmetic skin care is in the range of from 0.1% to 25%. With regard to the individual sunscreen agents, the amounts are as follows: from 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 2% to 7.5%, most preferably from 2 to 5% of octyl methoxyc;nn~m~te.; from 0.1% to 6%, preferably from 2% to 6%, most preferably from 2% to 4% of oxybenzonei from 0.1%
to 5%, preferably from 0.1% to 2%, most preferably from 0.1%
to 1% of avobenzone; from 0.1% to 25%, preferably from 2% to 25%, most preferably from 2% to 5% of titanium dioxide; from CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) 0.1% to 25%, preferably from 2% to 25%, most preferably from 2% to 5% of zinc oxide.
An oil or oily material may be present, together with an emulsifier to provide, preferably, an oil-in-water emulslon .
Emollients are often incorporated into cosmetic compositions of the present invention. Levels of such emollients may range from 0.5% to 50%, preferably between 5'~
and 30% by weight of the total composition. Emollients may be classified under such general chemical categories as esters, fatty acids and alcohols, polyols and hydrocarbons.
Esters may be mono- or di-esters. Acceptable examples of fatty di-esters include dibutyl adipate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl dimerate, and dioctyl succinate. Acceptable branched chain fatty esters include 2-ethyl-hexyl myristate, isopropyl stearate and isostearyl palmitate. Acceptable tribasic acid esters include triisopropyl trilinoleate and trilauryl citrate. Acceptable straight chain fatty esters include lauryl palmitate, myristyl lactate, oleyl eurcate and stearyl oleate. Preferred esters include coco-caprylate/caprate (a blend of coco-caprylate and coco-caprate), propylene glycol myristyl ether acetate, diisopropyl adipate and cetyl octanoate.
Suitable fatty alcohols and acids include those compounds having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Especially preferred are compounds such as cetyl, myristyl, palmitic and stearyl alcohols and acids.
Among the polyols which may serve as emollients are linear and branched chain alkyl polyhydroxyl compounds. For example, propylene glycol, sorbitol and glycerin are ~ CA 02255108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) preferred. Also useful may be polymeric polyols such as poly-propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol. Butylene and propylene glycol are also especially preferred as penetration enhancers.
Exemplary hydrocarbons which may serve as emollients are those having hydrocarbon c~; n~ anywhere from 12 to 30 carbon atoms. Specific examples include mineral oil, petroleum jelly, squalene and isoparaffins.
Another category of functional ingredients within the cosmetic compositions of the present invention are thickeners. A thickener will usually be present in amounts anywhere from 0.1% to 20% by weight, preferably from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of the composition. Exemplary thickeners are cross-linked polyacrylate materials available under the trademark Carbopol from the B.F. Goodrich Company.
Gums may be employed such as xanthan, carrageenan, gelatin, karaya, pectin and locust beans gum.
Powders may be incorporated into the cosmetic composition of the invention. These powders include chalk, talc, kaolin, starch, smectite clays, chemically modified magnesium aluminum silicate, organically modified montmorillonite clay, hydrated aluminum silicate, fumed silica, aluminum starch octenyl succinate and mixtures thereof.
Skin care compositions may include coloring agents, opacifiers and perfumes. Amounts of these other adjunct minor components may range anywhere from 0.001~ up to 20~ by weight of the composition.
..... .
CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Cosmetic Hair Care Compositions:
When the inventive composition is a hair care composition, it acts on the skin of the scalp, increasing the blood flow to the skin of the scalp and the hair roots. Such hair care compositions may be "leave-on~ or ~rinse-off~
products such as shampoos, conditioners, tonics, styling aids, etc.
The inventive hair care compositions typically may include the ingredients described above for skin care compositions and further include one or more surfactant materials and/or one or more conditioning agents.
Surfactant materials are selected from anionic, nonionic,amphoteric or cationic surfactants or mixtures thereof.
Hair conditioning products preferably comprise one or more cationic surfactants. The use of cationic surfactants is especially preferred, because these ingredients are capable of providing conditioning benefits to hair.
Suitable anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkoyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alpha -olefin sulphonates, especially their sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine salts. The alkyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated. The alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may contain from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain 2 to 3 ethylene oxide units per molecule.
CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) Examples of suitable anionic surfactants include sodium oleyl succinate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate. The most preferred anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl sulphate, triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, triethanolamine monolauryl phosphate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate lEO, 2EO and 3EO, ammonium.. lauryl sulphate and ammonium lauryl ether sulphate lEO, 2EO and 3EO.
The nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the composition of the invention may include condensation products of aliphatic (C8-C18) primary or secondary linear or branched-chain alcohols or phenols with alkylene oxides, usually ethylene oxide and generally 6-3OEO.
Other suitable nonionics include mono- or di-alkyl alkanolamides or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples include coco mono- or di-ethanolamiae, cocomonoisopropanolamide, and coco di-glucoside.
The amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the composition of the invention may include alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Examples include lauryl amine oxide, cocodimethyl sulphopropyl betaine and preferably lauryl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium coc~mrhopropionate.
Examples of cationic surfactants include: cetyl trimethylammonium chloride, stearyl dimethylbenzyl ~mmon; um CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, quaternium-5, - 31, - 18 and mixtures thereof.
The level of surfactant materials in shampoo compositions of the invention is preferably more than 1%, more preferably 2-35% and most preferably from 5 to 30% by weight of the composition. In hair-conditioner products according to the invention the level of cationic surfactants is preferably from 0.01 to 10%, more preferably 0.05 to 5%, most preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight of the composition.
If the hair care composition of the invention comprises in addition to the fluorocarbon materials and the cationic surfactant any additional conditioning agent, this material is preferably chosen from cationic polymers, or quaternised protein hydrolysates.
Suitable cationic polymers include Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, Quaternium-19, - 23, - 40, -57, poly (dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), poly (dimethyl butenyl Ammo~;um chloride)-,w- bis (triethanolammonium chloride), Poly(dipropyldiallylammonium chloride) , Poly (methyl-beta-propaniodiallyammonium chloride), Poly (diallylpiperidinium chloride), poly (vinyl pyridinium chloride), quaternised poly (vinyl alcohol), quaternised poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) and mixtures thereof.
Suitable protein derivatives include lauryl dimonium hydroxy propylaminohydrolysed An;mAl protein, available commercially under the tr~nA~e LAMEQUAT L, and hydrolysed keratin contA; n; ng sulphur-bearing amino acids, available commercially under the trA~en~me CROQUAT WKP.
The preferred level of conditioning agents other than perfluoropolyethers and cationic surfactants in compositions CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) of the invention is from 0 to 20%, for example from 0.01 to 10% or from 0.1 to 5% by weight.
The hair care composition of the invention may also include minor amounts of other ingredients commonly found in hair-treatment compositions, such as antibacterial agents, antidandruff agents such as zinc pyridinethione or Octopirox, foam boosters, pearlescers, perfumes, dyes, colouring agents, preservatives, viscosity modifiers, proteins, polymers, buffering agents, polyols and other moisturising agents, herb extracts, mink oil or honey.
Use of the Composition The composition according to the invention is intended primarily as a cosmetic product for topical application to human skin, especially for increasing the supply of endogenous oxygen to skin and thus preventing or reducing the signs of lined, wrinkled, aged or photodamaged skin, or cellulite or promoting scalp health.
In use, a small quantity of the composition, for example from 1 to 100 ml, is applied to exposed areas of the skin, from a suitable container or applicator and, if necessary, it is then spread over and/or rubbed into the skin using the hand or fingers or a suitable device.
Hair care compositions of the invention are generally applied in an amount of from 1 to 50 mls. Preferred amounts for shampoos are 3 to 5 mls to wet hair. After applying the shampoo, the wet hair is worked to create a lather. The lather may be retained on the head for a short time before rinsing, e.g. from 1 to 4 minutes, or may ir~~~;ately be rinsed. The treatment may be repeated, if required. For conditioners the preferred dosage is from 8 to 20 mls which ~ . ~
CA 022~108 1998- 12-03 J6436(C) is applied to hair after washing or rinsing, whereafter the wet hair is worked and rinsed.
Product Form and Packaging The composition of the invention can be formulated as a lotion, a fluid cream, or a cream. A lotion or a fluid cream is preferred due to its relativel-~ low viscosity promoting a better spr~A; ng of the internal fluorocarbon phase into a more uniform fluorocarbon oil film resulting in an even carbon dioxide delivery to the underlying skin tissue.
The composition can be packaged in a suitable container to suit its viscosity and intended use by the consumer. For example, a lotion or fluid cream can be packaged in a bottle or a roll-ball applicator, or a capsule, or a propellant-driven aerosol device or a container fitted with a pump suitable for finger operation. When the composition is a cream, it can simply be stored in a non-deformable bottle or squeeze container, such as a tube or a lidded jar.
The invention accordingly also provides a closed container cont~;n;ng a cosmetically acceptable composition as herein defined.
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto.
~UWL~3 1 Endogenous oxygen delivery to the skin was measured using a transcu~aneous oxygen monitor (TCM3 transcutaneous pO2/pCO2 monitor from Radiometer America, Inc.). The .
CA 022~108 1998-12-03 J6436(C) instrument's probe contains a platinum cathode as an oxygen sensor electrode and a silver anode as a reference electrode. The current that is created at the electrode in the presence of oxygen is converted by a microcomputer into transcutaneous oxygen values.
To conduct measurements, two test sites were designated on one volar forearm and an adhesive ring was placed at each site. Three drops of propylene glycol contact solution was then added to the inner wells of the rings. Baseline transcutaneous oxygen readings were taken at both sites simultaneously using 2 transcutaneous monitors. After taking baseline readings, the probes were removed from the adhesive rings and the sites were gently blotted dry.
Perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether emulsion (Fomblin, obtained from Brooks Industries Inc) infused with carbon dioxide or Fomblin emulsion control (no carbon dioxide) were prepared. The Fomblin emulsions contained 1.25% of a blend of polyacrylamide with C13-14 isoparaffin and with laureth-7 (an emulsifier under tradename Sepigel 305~, the amount of Fomblin as indicated in Table 1, and water in quantity sufficient to 100%. Emulsions were made at room temperature by first adding the Fomblin to water while mixing with an overhead mixer for 10 minutes and then adding the Sepigel 305 while mixing for 10 minutes at 700 rpm.
The infusion was attained by using a carbon dioxide tank with a rubber tube running from the tank to the emulsion: carbon dioxide was piped into the emulsion for 2 minutes while stirring.
Depending on the trial, the sites were treated with either 50, 100 or 200 ,ul of Fomblin emuslion. One site was treated with Fomblin emulsion with CO2 and the other was treated with Fomblin emulsion control (no COz). The .. . . . . ~ .. . . . ...... ..
J~36(C) emulsions were placed at each site using a positive displacement pipette. Within the experiment, the same amount was used for the Fomblin emulsion with CO2 and the Fomblin emulsion control. After 10 minutes, the emulsions were removed from the skin using a cotton swab. The probes were placed back into the adhesive rings and oxygen levels were again measured. Measurements taken after 4, 5 and 6 minutes were divided by their respective baseline re~;ngs to determine fold increase in endogenous oxygen over baseline. Statistical significance was determined using a students T-test.
The results that were obtained are summarized in Table 1.
TABI~ 1 Trial #COLUMN A: COLUMN B: p value Fomblin Emulsion Fomblin F. ' - +CO2 COLUMN A vs.
Control - - COLUMN B
Fold Incre~e in PO2 Fold Increase in p~2 Over Baseline (Avg. ofOver B~eline (Avg. of 3 time points) 3 time points) 15%
Fomblin 0.5~ 5.4 (.W03 *
O. ~ 0.32 .0~ 5 *
0.~ 1 .4 0..'' 0.19 ~.C(2 *
(Control is higher) 0.47 1.65 0.0004 *
30%
Fomblin 0.19 1.04 0.03 *
2 0.57 1.06 0.017 *
100%
Fomblin 0.79 0.87 0.34 *statistically significant The results show that the fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide significantly increased transcutaneous oxygen levels over the fluorocarbon emulsion control in six out of ..
CA 0225~108 1998-12-03 J~36(C) eight trials. The composition cont~;n-ng 100% fluorocarbon enriched with carbon dioxide did not significantly increase oxygen levels over the fluorocarbon emulsion control. This may be due to a faster diffusion of air from the atmosphere into the fomblin at the expense of the dissolved carbon dioxide in the case of the pure fomblin. In the case of the fomblin emulsion the vehicle structure may prevent the quick escape of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere thus promoting its release to tne underlying tissues by acting like a temporary gas "barrier" or ~carbon dioxide sealant". This may indicate the need for using such vehicles as oil-in-water emulsions for the efficient delivery of benefits rather than using neat fluorocarbons.
It should be noted that the results of trial# 4 were opposite to the results of the other trials. This may be due to an error in calibrating the instrument prior to trial # 4.
-An erythema meter (Diastron) was used to measurespectrophotometrically the level of pinkness on the surface of human skin as an indicator of the level of blood flow.
Increased blood flow to the skin typically results in increased pinkness. Two test sites were designated on one volar forearm. 400 ~ul of ~luorocarbon emulsion (either perfluorodecalin or fomblin) enriched with carbon dioxide was placed at one site and perfluorocarbon emulsion control (no CO2) was placed at the other. Perfluorodecalin ~MW=462) was obtained from Aldrich. The emulsions were prepared the same as in Example 1. After 5 minutes, the emulsions were removed and 10 consecutive measurements were taken at each site by placing the probe in contact with the skin.
Statistical significance was determined using a students T-J6436(C) test. The results that were obtained are summarized in Table 2.
Trial # COLUMN A: COLUMN B: p Value:
COLUMN A
vs.
COLUMN B
1% Fomblin Fomblin P.m.. l~ Fomblin F ' ~ +CO2 Control (Avg. of 10 readings) (Avg. of 10 readings) 8.3 15.0 0.0005*
30% Fomblin Fomblin F -'-~or Fomblin r ~ +Co2 Control (Avg. of 10 readings) ~vg. of 10 readings) ~.7 17.0 0.0005*
2 ~.1 17.9 0.0005*
5% rc,.lluul~d~calin P~ )ludecalill rc~ lodc~li Emulsion Control F.ml-lsion + CO~
(,'.vg. of 10 readings) (Avg. of 10 readings) 1".7 24.6 0.0005*
2 1 ' .4 24. 1 0.0005*
*statistically significant The data in Table 2 shows that pinkness o~ the skin was -significantly greater after treatment with various levels of fluorocarbon emulsions infused with carbon dioxide as compared to the fluorocarbon controls. This demonstrates that blood flow to the skin was higher after treatment with fluorocarbons containing carbon dioxide.
. , .
J6436(C) This example illustrates an oil-in-water cream incorporating the inventive composition.
__ perfluorodecalin infused with 0.15 carbon dioxide Mineral oil 4 Brij 56* 4 Alfol 16RD* 4 Triethanolamine 0.75 Butane-1,3-diol 3 Xanthan gum O.3 Perfume qs Butylated hydroxy toluene 0.01 Water to 100 * Brij 56 is cetyl alcohol POE (10) Alfol 16RD is cetyl alcohol .. ........ . ...
- ; , . i , " . , ,.. ,,,,; .,, ", ~6436(C) E~XA~'I.E 4 This example illustrates a suncare cream incorporating the composition of the invention:
perfluorooctylbromide infused 10 with carbon dioxide Ursolic acid 0.1 Glycerylmonostearate 3 Cetosteryl alcohol 1.6 Polyoxyethylene-(20J-cetyl 1.4 alcohol Xanthan gum O.5 Parsol 1789 1.5 Octyl methoxycinnate (PARSOL MCX) 7 Perfume qs Color qs Water to 100 J6436(C) The following oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is prepared:
chemical name wt.%
perfluoropolymethylisopropyl ether infused with carbon dioxide 25 glycerin ~ 1 tetrasodium EDTA 0.1 cetyl alcohol stearyl alcohol mineral oil 5 polyquaternium 37 2 steareth-21 steareth-2 O.S
salicylic acid 2 triethanolamine to pH 3.0 water DI qs to 100%
J6436(C) E~CAJlPI~ 6 The following oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is prepared:
chemical name wt.% - -perfluorodecane infused with carbon dioxide 50 xanthan gum 0.2 disodium EDTA 0.1 sodium PCA 0.5 diazodinyl urea 0.3 titanium dioxide stearic acid 3 cetyl alcohol 0.5 glyceryl stearate 0.5 peg-100 stearate 0.5 steareth-2 0.2 lecithin 0.5 tocopherol 0.2 octyl methoxyc;nnAmAte 6 green tea extract triethanolamine to pH 3.8 water DI qs to 100%
-' CA 02255108 1998-12-03 J~36(C) A typical oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is as follows:
chemical name wt.%
perfluorotributylamine infused with carbon dioxide 30 propylene glycol glycerin hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5 magnesium aluminum silicate 0.5 imidazolidinyl urea 0.5 tetrasodium EDTA 0.05 petrolatum 2 isopropyl palmitate 5 cholesterol 0.5 cetyl alcohol 0.5 isostearic acid 3 retinyl palmitate 0.1 peg-40 stearate peg-100 stearate sorbitan stearate water DI qs to 100 The following oil-in-water emulsion within the scope of the invention is prepared:
chemical name wt.
bis-(F-butyl~-ethene infused with carbon dioxide 60 .
all-trans retinoic acid 0.05 light mineral oil 10 stearoxytrimethylsilane and stearyl alcohol 5 stearyl stearate 10 quaternium-15 3 peg-22 dodecyl glycol copolymer sorbitol 0.5 methyl paraben 0.2 disodium EDTA 0.1 butylated hydroxytoluene 0.1 water DI qs to 100%
., ~ . . .
J6436(C) B~AMPI~ 9 The following conditioner composition can be made by heating the water to 80~C. The first five ingredients are added with stirring. The mixture is cooled to 40~C. with stirring. Preservatives, perfume and color are added. The resulting mixture is cooled.
INGREDIENT % wt Cetyl trimethylammoniumchloride 0.7 Cetostearyl alcohol 2.0 Paraffin wax 1.0 Glycerolmonostearate 0.7 Perfluoropolyether infused with carbon dioxide 0.001 Preservative, perfume, color qs water to 100 _ _ , ., . . , . ... , _ J6436(C) ~?~ 10 A shampoo of the following formulation can be made by using a simple cold process, whereby all the ingredients are mixed using a paddle stirrer.
INGREDIENT % wt Sodium Lauryl ether sulphate 2E0 16.0 Lauryl betaine 2.0 Jaguar C13S 0.04 Perfluoropolyether infused with carbon dioxide 0.003 NaCl 1.0 Preservative, perfume, colour qs water to 100
Claims (7)
1. A cosmetic skin or hair care composition comprising:
i) from 0.1% to 70%, by weight of the composition, of a fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide; and ii) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle;
wherein the fluorocarbon is inert, liquid at 25C, and hydrophobic.
i) from 0.1% to 70%, by weight of the composition, of a fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide; and ii) a cosmetically acceptable vehicle;
wherein the fluorocarbon is inert, liquid at 25C, and hydrophobic.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an oil-in-water emulsion.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition further comprises an ingredient selected from the group consisting of a sunscreen and a cationic conditioning agent.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the fluorocarbon contains at least 6 carbon atoms.
5. A cosmetic method of delivering endogenous oxygen to skin, the method comprising applying to skin the composition of claim 1.
6. A method of preparing the composition of claim 1, the method comprising infusing fluorocarbon with carbon dioxide and subsequently incorporating the fluorocarbon infused with carbon dioxide into the cosmetic composition.
7. A cosmetic skin or hair care composition as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/993,294 US5851544A (en) | 1997-12-18 | 1997-12-18 | Cosmetic skin or hair care compositions containing fluorocarbons infused with carbon dioxide |
| US08/993294 | 1997-12-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2255108A1 true CA2255108A1 (en) | 1999-06-18 |
Family
ID=25539356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002255108A Abandoned CA2255108A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 | 1998-12-03 | Cosmetic skin or hair care compositions containing fluorocarbons infused with carbon dioxide |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5851544A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0938890A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11228382A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1231173A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2255108A1 (en) |
| ID (1) | ID21658A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN190943B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9811274B (en) |
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-
1997
- 1997-12-18 US US08/993,294 patent/US5851544A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-02 IN IN781BO1998 patent/IN190943B/en unknown
- 1998-12-02 EP EP98309869A patent/EP0938890A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-02 JP JP10342956A patent/JPH11228382A/en active Pending
- 1998-12-03 CA CA002255108A patent/CA2255108A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-09 ZA ZA9811274A patent/ZA9811274B/en unknown
- 1998-12-14 ID IDP981617A patent/ID21658A/en unknown
- 1998-12-18 CN CN98126971A patent/CN1231173A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0938890A2 (en) | 1999-09-01 |
| CN1231173A (en) | 1999-10-13 |
| EP0938890A3 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
| US5851544A (en) | 1998-12-22 |
| ZA9811274B (en) | 2000-06-09 |
| JPH11228382A (en) | 1999-08-24 |
| ID21658A (en) | 1999-07-08 |
| IN190943B (en) | 2003-09-06 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |