CA2257926C - Stimulation of muscles - Google Patents
Stimulation of muscles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2257926C CA2257926C CA002257926A CA2257926A CA2257926C CA 2257926 C CA2257926 C CA 2257926C CA 002257926 A CA002257926 A CA 002257926A CA 2257926 A CA2257926 A CA 2257926A CA 2257926 C CA2257926 C CA 2257926C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pulses
- train
- spacing
- component
- muscle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/326—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for promoting growth of cells, e.g. bone cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36003—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of motor muscles, e.g. for walking assistance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
- A61N1/3603—Control systems
- A61N1/36034—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
Abstract
A muscle stimulator for improving muscle strength and/or endurance. Stimulating pulses are applied to the muscle, the pattern of pulses including a first component in the form of a continuous train of puls es at a first pulse repetition frequency of for example between 1 and 6Hz, a second component in the form of a series of pulse trains at a second pulse repetition frequency, for example 40 to 60Hz, and a third component in the form of a pair of pulses at a third pulse repetitio n frequency, for example 120 to 200Hz.
Description
STIMULATION OF MUSCL~E_S
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the electrical stimulation of muscle which rely upon a particular pattern of electrical stimulation.
It is well known that muscle contraction is caused by neural stimulation.
Contraction occurs when an action potential is conducted down a nerve to a neuromuscular junction, the signal is then communicated to muscle cells and leads to the stimulation of the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm of muscle cells which thereby modifies interactions between contractile proteins resulting in muscular contraction.
It has been long established that the application of an electrical field to muscles results in an artificially induced contraction of said muscles.
Furthermore, as well as directly causing muscular contraction, electrical stimulation at specific frequencies can also modify the phenotype of a muscle.
For instance, prolonged stimulation of a fast-twitch muscle with a uniform frequency of lOHz results in the fast-twitch muscle developing slow-twitch characteristics, namely increased endurance, but with less power than would be normal for fast-twitch muscle. Conversely, prolonged stimulation of a slow-twitch muscle with an intermittent frequency of 30-50Hz results in the slow-twitch muscle developing fast-twitch characteristics, namely increased power, but with less endurance than would lie normal for slow-twitch muscle.
SUBSTITUTE ShIEET (RULE 2B) It has been suggested that electrical stimulation of muscles may be a useful means of improving strength and/or endurance of incapacitated muscle (due to injury, under-use or some pathological condition). For a number of years muscles have been stimulated by Faradic stimulation delivering uniform frequencies (of around 30-SOHz) with the aim of beneficially affecting the muscle.
However, these treatments have at best been ineffective and at the worst harmful to the muscle in the long term.
UK Patent GB 2 1SG G82 examined the electrical discharge of nerves innervating muscle with an aim of developing a means of beneficially stimulating muscle. It discloses a method of recording electrical discharges from nerves innervating muscles. A signal generated on the basis of the recording is then used to "electrotrophically" stimulate muscle. lJlectrotrophic stimulation is defined as "the electrical stimulation of muscle fibre using a stimulating signal containing information effective to cause structural and/or functional change of muscle fibre without requiring the muscle fibre to respond mechanically to the stimulation". However the stimulating signal of GB 2 15G G82 is complex and difficult to generate.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus and method for electrically stimulating a muscle to improve strength and endurance of the muscle.
According to the present invention there is provided an electrical muscle stimulator including means for generating a stimulating signal comprising a first SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) . . ? _._ _____~._ WO 97!47357 PC'fIGB97/01565 J
component in the form of a train of pulses at a first pulse repetition frequency, a second component in the form of a series of pulse trains at :~ second pulse repetition frequency higher than the first, and a third component in the form of a pair of pul.Qes at a third pulse repetition frequency higher than the second pulse repetition frequency, each pair of pulses being coupled with o respective train of pulses of the second component:
More specifically, in one aspect, the invention provides an electrical muscle stimulator comprising means for generating a stimulating signal including a first component in the form of a first train of regularly spaced pulses, a second component in the form of a series of regularly spaced second trains of regularly spaced pulses, the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of the first train, and a third component in the form of a series of third trains of pulses each train consisting of only two pulses, the spacing between the pulses of each of the third pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second trains, and each third pulse train being coupled with a respective second pulse train.
The invention also provides a method for electrically stimulating a muscle in which a stimulating signal is applied to the muscle, the stimulating signal including a first component in the form of a train of pulses at a first pulse repetition frequency, :~ second component in the form of a series of pulse trains at a second pulse repetition frequency higher than the first, and a third WO 97!47357 PCTIGB97/01565 3a component in the form of a pair of pulses at a third pulse repetition frequency higher than the second pulse repetition frequency, each pair of pulses being coupled with a respective train of pulses of the second component.
' _ More specifically, in another aspect, the invention provides a method for electrically stimulating a muscle in which a stimulating signal is applied to the muscle, the stimulating signal including a first component in the form of a first train of regularly spaced pulses, a second component in the form of a series of regularly spaced second trains of regularly spaced pulses, the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of the first train, and a third component in the form of a series of third trains of pulses each train consisting of only two pulses, the spacing between the pulses of each of the third pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second trains, and each third pulse train being coupled with a respective second pulse train.
It is preferred that the first pulse repetition frequency is between i and lSHz, for example between 1 and G Hz or between 5 and lSHz. It is also preferred that the second pulse repetition frequency is between 30 and 60Hz, for example between 40 and 60 Hz and the third pulse repetition frequency is between 120 and 300Hz, for example between 12U and 200Hz.
The inventor believes that stimulation at musrle with the electrical signal of the invention is of great benefit in the rehabilitation of, regeneration of or prevention of atrophy of skeletal muscle. Inspiration for the invention has arisen from the examination of electrical discharge from nerves innervating muscle.
It has been established that certain signals cause muscular contraction and also have unexpected beneficial effects on muscular strength and endurance.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The attached drawing illustrates one pulse pattern generated in an electrical muscle stimulator in accordance with the invention. It will be noted that pulses are generated at regular intervals of 0.1 sect»~d such that the pulse pattern incorporates a continuous IOHz first component. At periodic intervals this continuous relatively low frequency component is combined with short bursts of a higher frequency second component, in the illustrated case a series of four pulses at 0.2 second intervals such that the pulse repetition rate of the second components corresponds to 50Hz. In addition, a third component in the form of a "doublet" of pulses is coupled with the second component, in the illustrated case the spacing between the hvo pulses of the doublet is 0.0066 seconds representing a pulse repetition rate of 150Hz. It will be noted that in the illustrated case the third component immediately precedes the second component, although its position relative to the second component may differ from that shown in this example.
All of the pulses represented in the accompanying drawing are of identical structure, each pulse including positive and negative-going components.
Pulse shapes such as used in conventional muscle stimulation equipment may be SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28) ._. _._. _ _. . .~.._ _ _~ __.... ... _ .~___..~.__ _ _._._ __ ~.._ . ~_ used, the advantages of the invention arising from the pattern of such pulses rather than of the shape of individual pulses.
Good results have been achieved using the pattern of pulses represented in the drawing. It is believed however that a further improvement can be achieved by reducing the frequency of the low frequency component from IOHz as shown to 6Hz or below.
It is believed that a course of treatment relying upon the described pulse pattern could be for one to three hours per day every day over a six to eight week period. The pulses could be applied to any muscle throughout the body via simple self adhesive electrodes. The pulses could be applied for "on" times of from ten to fifty seconds, with periods of inactivity, i.e. "oft" times, of approximately the same duration. Good results have been obtained with "on"
times of ten seconds in combination with "oft" times of fifty seconds.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2fi)
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for the electrical stimulation of muscle which rely upon a particular pattern of electrical stimulation.
It is well known that muscle contraction is caused by neural stimulation.
Contraction occurs when an action potential is conducted down a nerve to a neuromuscular junction, the signal is then communicated to muscle cells and leads to the stimulation of the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm of muscle cells which thereby modifies interactions between contractile proteins resulting in muscular contraction.
It has been long established that the application of an electrical field to muscles results in an artificially induced contraction of said muscles.
Furthermore, as well as directly causing muscular contraction, electrical stimulation at specific frequencies can also modify the phenotype of a muscle.
For instance, prolonged stimulation of a fast-twitch muscle with a uniform frequency of lOHz results in the fast-twitch muscle developing slow-twitch characteristics, namely increased endurance, but with less power than would be normal for fast-twitch muscle. Conversely, prolonged stimulation of a slow-twitch muscle with an intermittent frequency of 30-50Hz results in the slow-twitch muscle developing fast-twitch characteristics, namely increased power, but with less endurance than would lie normal for slow-twitch muscle.
SUBSTITUTE ShIEET (RULE 2B) It has been suggested that electrical stimulation of muscles may be a useful means of improving strength and/or endurance of incapacitated muscle (due to injury, under-use or some pathological condition). For a number of years muscles have been stimulated by Faradic stimulation delivering uniform frequencies (of around 30-SOHz) with the aim of beneficially affecting the muscle.
However, these treatments have at best been ineffective and at the worst harmful to the muscle in the long term.
UK Patent GB 2 1SG G82 examined the electrical discharge of nerves innervating muscle with an aim of developing a means of beneficially stimulating muscle. It discloses a method of recording electrical discharges from nerves innervating muscles. A signal generated on the basis of the recording is then used to "electrotrophically" stimulate muscle. lJlectrotrophic stimulation is defined as "the electrical stimulation of muscle fibre using a stimulating signal containing information effective to cause structural and/or functional change of muscle fibre without requiring the muscle fibre to respond mechanically to the stimulation". However the stimulating signal of GB 2 15G G82 is complex and difficult to generate.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus and method for electrically stimulating a muscle to improve strength and endurance of the muscle.
According to the present invention there is provided an electrical muscle stimulator including means for generating a stimulating signal comprising a first SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) . . ? _._ _____~._ WO 97!47357 PC'fIGB97/01565 J
component in the form of a train of pulses at a first pulse repetition frequency, a second component in the form of a series of pulse trains at :~ second pulse repetition frequency higher than the first, and a third component in the form of a pair of pul.Qes at a third pulse repetition frequency higher than the second pulse repetition frequency, each pair of pulses being coupled with o respective train of pulses of the second component:
More specifically, in one aspect, the invention provides an electrical muscle stimulator comprising means for generating a stimulating signal including a first component in the form of a first train of regularly spaced pulses, a second component in the form of a series of regularly spaced second trains of regularly spaced pulses, the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of the first train, and a third component in the form of a series of third trains of pulses each train consisting of only two pulses, the spacing between the pulses of each of the third pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second trains, and each third pulse train being coupled with a respective second pulse train.
The invention also provides a method for electrically stimulating a muscle in which a stimulating signal is applied to the muscle, the stimulating signal including a first component in the form of a train of pulses at a first pulse repetition frequency, :~ second component in the form of a series of pulse trains at a second pulse repetition frequency higher than the first, and a third WO 97!47357 PCTIGB97/01565 3a component in the form of a pair of pulses at a third pulse repetition frequency higher than the second pulse repetition frequency, each pair of pulses being coupled with a respective train of pulses of the second component.
' _ More specifically, in another aspect, the invention provides a method for electrically stimulating a muscle in which a stimulating signal is applied to the muscle, the stimulating signal including a first component in the form of a first train of regularly spaced pulses, a second component in the form of a series of regularly spaced second trains of regularly spaced pulses, the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of the first train, and a third component in the form of a series of third trains of pulses each train consisting of only two pulses, the spacing between the pulses of each of the third pulse trains being less than the spacing between successive pulses of each of the second trains, and each third pulse train being coupled with a respective second pulse train.
It is preferred that the first pulse repetition frequency is between i and lSHz, for example between 1 and G Hz or between 5 and lSHz. It is also preferred that the second pulse repetition frequency is between 30 and 60Hz, for example between 40 and 60 Hz and the third pulse repetition frequency is between 120 and 300Hz, for example between 12U and 200Hz.
The inventor believes that stimulation at musrle with the electrical signal of the invention is of great benefit in the rehabilitation of, regeneration of or prevention of atrophy of skeletal muscle. Inspiration for the invention has arisen from the examination of electrical discharge from nerves innervating muscle.
It has been established that certain signals cause muscular contraction and also have unexpected beneficial effects on muscular strength and endurance.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The attached drawing illustrates one pulse pattern generated in an electrical muscle stimulator in accordance with the invention. It will be noted that pulses are generated at regular intervals of 0.1 sect»~d such that the pulse pattern incorporates a continuous IOHz first component. At periodic intervals this continuous relatively low frequency component is combined with short bursts of a higher frequency second component, in the illustrated case a series of four pulses at 0.2 second intervals such that the pulse repetition rate of the second components corresponds to 50Hz. In addition, a third component in the form of a "doublet" of pulses is coupled with the second component, in the illustrated case the spacing between the hvo pulses of the doublet is 0.0066 seconds representing a pulse repetition rate of 150Hz. It will be noted that in the illustrated case the third component immediately precedes the second component, although its position relative to the second component may differ from that shown in this example.
All of the pulses represented in the accompanying drawing are of identical structure, each pulse including positive and negative-going components.
Pulse shapes such as used in conventional muscle stimulation equipment may be SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 28) ._. _._. _ _. . .~.._ _ _~ __.... ... _ .~___..~.__ _ _._._ __ ~.._ . ~_ used, the advantages of the invention arising from the pattern of such pulses rather than of the shape of individual pulses.
Good results have been achieved using the pattern of pulses represented in the drawing. It is believed however that a further improvement can be achieved by reducing the frequency of the low frequency component from IOHz as shown to 6Hz or below.
It is believed that a course of treatment relying upon the described pulse pattern could be for one to three hours per day every day over a six to eight week period. The pulses could be applied to any muscle throughout the body via simple self adhesive electrodes. The pulses could be applied for "on" times of from ten to fifty seconds, with periods of inactivity, i.e. "oft" times, of approximately the same duration. Good results have been obtained with "on"
times of ten seconds in combination with "oft" times of fifty seconds.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2fi)
Claims (9)
1. An electrical muscle stimulator comprising:
means for generating a stimulating signal, said signal including:
(i) a first component as a first continuous train of temporally regularly spaced pulses, (ii) a second component as a series of temporally regularly spaced second trains of temporally regularly spaced pulses, wherein the second component is combined with the first component and spacing between successive pulses in the second pulse trains is less than the spacing between successive pulses in the first train, and (iii) a third component as a series of third trains of pulses, each train consisting of a doublet of only two pulses, temporal spacing between the pulses in each of the third pulse trains being less than the temporal spacing between successive pulses in each of the second trains, and each third pulse train being coupled with a respective second pulse train, and a means for applying the signal to a muscle.
means for generating a stimulating signal, said signal including:
(i) a first component as a first continuous train of temporally regularly spaced pulses, (ii) a second component as a series of temporally regularly spaced second trains of temporally regularly spaced pulses, wherein the second component is combined with the first component and spacing between successive pulses in the second pulse trains is less than the spacing between successive pulses in the first train, and (iii) a third component as a series of third trains of pulses, each train consisting of a doublet of only two pulses, temporal spacing between the pulses in each of the third pulse trains being less than the temporal spacing between successive pulses in each of the second trains, and each third pulse train being coupled with a respective second pulse train, and a means for applying the signal to a muscle.
2. The electrical muscle stimulator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between successive pulses of the first train is between 66.7 milliseconds (ms) and 1 second(s).
3. The electrical stimulator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between successive pulses of the first train is between 0.167 s and 1 s.
4. The electrical muscle stimulator according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between successive pulses of the first train is between 66.7 ms and 0.2 s.
5. The electrical muscle stimulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the spacing between successive pulses of the second train is between 16.7 ms and 33.3 ms.
6. The electrical muscle stimulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the spacing between successive pulses of the second train is between 25 ms and 16.6 ms.
7. The electrical muscle stimulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the spacing between the pulses of the third train is between 3.33 ms and 8.33 ms.
8. The electrical muscle stimulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the spacing between the pulses of the third train is between 5 ms and 8.33 ms.
9. The electrical stimulator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said second and third components are each discontinuous pulse trains comprising periodic spaced-apart bursts of plural regularly spaced pulses within each burst.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9612388.0A GB9612388D0 (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1996-06-13 | Stimulation of muscles |
| GB9622267A GB9622267D0 (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1996-10-25 | Stimulation of muscles |
| GB9622267.4 | 1996-11-23 | ||
| GB9612388.0 | 1996-11-23 | ||
| GB9624386A GB9624386D0 (en) | 1996-11-23 | 1996-11-23 | Stimulation of muscles |
| GB9624386.0 | 1996-11-23 | ||
| PCT/GB1997/001565 WO1997047357A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1997-06-11 | Stimulation of muscles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2257926A1 CA2257926A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
| CA2257926C true CA2257926C (en) | 2006-04-04 |
Family
ID=27268325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002257926A Expired - Lifetime CA2257926C (en) | 1996-06-13 | 1997-06-11 | Stimulation of muscles |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6236890B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0910434B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4113585B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE268625T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3180897A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2257926C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69729452T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0910434T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2222515T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT910434E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997047357A1 (en) |
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| US6865423B2 (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 2005-03-08 | The Victoria University Of Manchester | Stimulation of muscles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT332528B (en) | 1974-10-18 | 1976-10-11 | Nemec Hans | ELECTROMEDICAL APPARATUS |
| US4177819A (en) | 1978-03-30 | 1979-12-11 | Kofsky Harvey I | Muscle stimulating apparatus |
| GB2092004B (en) | 1981-01-29 | 1985-05-15 | Bio Medical Res Ltd | Muscle stimulating apparatus |
| US4535777A (en) | 1981-08-20 | 1985-08-20 | Physio Technology, Inc. | Method of providing electrical stimulation of tissue |
| US4528984A (en) | 1983-04-25 | 1985-07-16 | Empi, Inc. | Autoprogrammable functional electrical stimulation apparatus and method |
| GB8406509D0 (en) | 1984-03-13 | 1984-04-18 | Bio Medical Res Ltd | Electrical stimulation of muscle |
| EP0197889B1 (en) | 1985-04-03 | 1990-05-23 | Medicompex S.A. | Electrical neuro-muscular stimulation apparatus |
| GB8510832D0 (en) | 1985-04-29 | 1985-06-05 | Bio Medical Res Ltd | Electrical stimulation of muscle |
| CA1278045C (en) * | 1985-05-15 | 1990-12-18 | Wu Dumin | Apparatus and method for generating vital information signals |
| US4719922A (en) | 1986-03-03 | 1988-01-19 | 147638 Canada Inc. | Stimulator apparatus |
| US5097833A (en) * | 1989-09-19 | 1992-03-24 | Campos James M | Transcutaneous electrical nerve and/or muscle stimulator |
| IT1240362B (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1993-12-10 | Medisan S.L.R. | PROCEDURE FOR THE ELECTROSTIMULATION OF A MUSCLE MASS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE AESTHETIC ASPECT, AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCEDURE |
| DE69128213T2 (en) | 1990-05-26 | 1998-06-18 | Med El Medical Electronics Ele | Device for neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
| US5350415A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-27 | Jozef Cywinski | Device for trophic stimulation of muscles |
| FR2704761B1 (en) | 1993-05-04 | 1995-06-23 | Espace Medical Maison Medecin | CURRENT GENERATING APPARATUS FOR THERAPEUTIC TREATMENTS IN THE FIELD OF BIOPHYSICS AND PHYSIOLOGY. |
| US5562718A (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1996-10-08 | Palermo; Francis X. | Electronic neuromuscular stimulation device |
| US5507788A (en) | 1994-08-11 | 1996-04-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method and apparatus for controlling skeletal muscle fatigue during electrical stimulation |
-
1997
- 1997-06-11 AT AT97927255T patent/ATE268625T1/en active
- 1997-06-11 EP EP97927255A patent/EP0910434B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-11 PT PT97927255T patent/PT910434E/en unknown
- 1997-06-11 AU AU31808/97A patent/AU3180897A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-11 ES ES97927255T patent/ES2222515T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-11 WO PCT/GB1997/001565 patent/WO1997047357A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-11 US US09/202,289 patent/US6236890B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-11 CA CA002257926A patent/CA2257926C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-11 JP JP50135498A patent/JP4113585B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-11 DK DK97927255T patent/DK0910434T3/en active
- 1997-06-11 DE DE69729452T patent/DE69729452T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4113585B2 (en) | 2008-07-09 |
| CA2257926A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
| WO1997047357A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
| ES2222515T3 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| ATE268625T1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
| PT910434E (en) | 2004-10-29 |
| EP0910434B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
| EP0910434A1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| DE69729452T2 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| DK0910434T3 (en) | 2004-10-25 |
| JP2000511807A (en) | 2000-09-12 |
| US6236890B1 (en) | 2001-05-22 |
| AU3180897A (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| DE69729452D1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
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