CA2276406C - High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and devices containing the fluids - Google Patents
High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and devices containing the fluids Download PDFInfo
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- CA2276406C CA2276406C CA002276406A CA2276406A CA2276406C CA 2276406 C CA2276406 C CA 2276406C CA 002276406 A CA002276406 A CA 002276406A CA 2276406 A CA2276406 A CA 2276406A CA 2276406 C CA2276406 C CA 2276406C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/067—Unsaturated Compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
Abstract
High oleic acid triglyceride compositions that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75 % oleic acid, less than 10 % diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3 % triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8 % saturated fatty acid component; and having the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05 % at 25 ~C, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25 ~C, a flash point of at least 250 ~C and a pour point of at least -15 ~C are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids comprising the triglyceride composition are disclosed. Electrical insulation fluids that comprise the triglyceride composition and a combination of additives are disclosed. Electrical apparatuses comprising the electrical insulation fluids and the use of electrical insulation fluids to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses are disclosed. A process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition is disclosed.
Description
HIGH OLEIC ACID ELECTRICAL INSULATION FLUIDS AND DEVICES CONTAINING THE FLUIDS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a high oleic oil composition useful as an electrical insulation fluid, to electrical insulation fluid compos=Lions and elect=ical apparatuses which comprise the same. The high oleic oil compositions of the invention have electrical properties which make them well suited as insulation fluids in electrical components.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The electrical industry uses a variety of insulating fluids which are easily available and cost effective. Examples are mineral oil, silicone fluid, and synthetic hydrocarbon oils used in transformers, power cables and capacitors. Examples of such fluids include those described in U.S. Patent Number 4,082,866 issued April 4, 1978 to Link, U.S. Patent Number 4,206,066 issued June 3, 1980 to Rinehart, U.S. Patent Number 4,621,302 issued November 4, 1986 to Sato et al., U.S. Patent Number 5,017,733 issued May 21, 1991 to Sato et al. U.S. Patent Number 5,250,750 issued October 5, 1993 to Shubkin et al., and U.S. Patent Number 5,336,847 issued August 9, 1994 to Nakagami Many of these fluids are not considered to be biodegradable in a reasonable time frame. Some have electrical properties which render them less than optimal.
In recent years regulatory agencies have become increasingly concerned about oil spills which can contaminate the ground soil and other areas. A biodegradable oil would be desirable for electrical apparatus such as transformers used in populated areas and shopping centers.
Vegetable oils are fully biodegradable, but the oils presently available in the market are not electrical grade. A few vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil and castor oil have beer. used in limited quantities, mostly in car~acitors, but these are not oleic esters.
There is a need for a fully biodegradable electrical fluid. There is a need for electrical apparatuses which comprise such an oil. There is a need for G a met'.:od of processing vegetable oil to electrical grade.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to high oleic acid tria;yc~=ride compositions that comprise fatty acid co-.n~onents of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10%
__ diunsaturatec fatty acid component; less than 30 triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8%
saturated fatty acid component; and wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap, a 30 dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25oC, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 250oC and a pour point of at least -lSoC.
The present invention relates to an electrical 35 insulation fluid comprising at least 75% of a high oleic acid triglyceride composition that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than l00 diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3%
triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 80 saturated tatty acid component; and wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25~C, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 250oC and a pour point of at least -15~C, and one or more additive selected from the group of an antioxidant additive, a pour point depressant additive and a copper deactivator.
In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises a pour point depressant additive, which in some embodiments is polymethacrylate.
In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises a combination of antioxidant additives . In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises a combination of IRGANOX L-57 antio~:idant and IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant.
In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises a copper deactivator. Tn some T
preferred embodiments, the copper deactivator is IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
In some preferred embodiments that antioxidant additives and copper deactivators make up about 0.2-2.0°s of electrical insulation fluid. It is preferred that the i;
additives comprise a combination of IRGANOX L-57 -antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator. It is preferred that the combination is provided at a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to 2-4 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAME~-30 metal deactivator.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises at least 940 of the high oleic acid triglyceride composition. In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises fatty #Trademarks WO 98/31021 PCT/US98/002d2 acid components of: at least 750 oleic acid, less than 100 linoleic acid, less than 3% linolenic acid, less than 40 stearic acid, and less than 4% palmitic acid. In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid is characterized by the properties of: a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25oC, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 300oC, and a pour point of at least -20oC, and in some embodiments, at least -40oC. In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises 0.5-l.Oo, in some embodiments 0.5%, of the combination of IRGANO~ L-57 antioxidant, iRGANO~~L-109 T
antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator. In some r~referred embodiments the combination of IRGANOX L-57 n T .
antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and =RGAMET-30 meta=
deactivator has a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 v T' antioxidant to about 3 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
The present invention relates to electrical apparatuses comprising the elec~rical insulation fluid.
The prese_~.t _nve~tion relates to the use of electrical insulation fluid to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition comprising the steps of combining refined, bleached and deodorized high oleic acid triglyceride with clay to form a mixture and filtering the mixture to remove the clay.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Or THE INVENTION
This present invention provides a novel application for high oleic vegetable oils as electrical insulation fluids. Vegetable oils usually have a high percent of triglyceride esters of saturated and unsaturated organic acids. When the acid is saturated, the triglyceride is either a semi-solid or a liquid with high freezing point.
TTrademarks Unsaturated acids produce oils with low freezing points.
However, monounsaturated acids are preferred over diunsaturated and triunsaturated acids because the latter tend to dry fast in air due to cross-linking with oxygen.
Increasing the amount of diunsaturates and triunsaturates makes the oil more vulnerable to oxidation; increasing the saturates raises the pour point. Ideally, the higher the monosaturate content, the better the oil as an electrical f luid .
l0 Oleic acid is a monounsaturated acid found as triglyceride ester in many natural oils such as sunflower, olive oil and safflower in relatively high proportions (above 600). High oleic acid content is usually above 750 of the total acid content. Oleic acid content above 80o is achieved by genetic manipulation and breeding. Two oils that are currently available in the United States with high oleic acid content and low saturates are sunflower oil and canola oil. These oils are of value in producing high quality lubricating oils but have not been used in the production of electrical insulation fluids.
High oleic oils may be derived from plant seeds such as sunflower and canola which have been genetically modified to yield high oleic content. The pure oils are triglycerides of certain fatty acids with a carbon chain ranging from 16 to 22 carbon atoms. If the carbon chain has no double bonds, it is a saturated oil, and is designated Cn:O where n is the number of carbon atoms. Chains with one double bond are monounsaturated and are designated Cn:l;
with two double bonds, it will be Cn:2 and with three double bonds Cn:3. Oleic acid is a C18:1 acid while erucic acid is a C22:1 acid. The acids are in the combined state as triglycerides, and when the oils are hydrolyzed they are separated into the acid and glycerol components. High oleic oils contain more than 75% oleic acid (in combined state with glycerol), the remaining being composed mainly of C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 acids (also in combined state with glycerol). These acids are known as stearic, linoleic and linolenic. Oils with a high percentage of double and triple unsaturated molecules are unsuitable for electrical application because they react with air and produce oxidation products. Monounsaturated oils such as oleic acid esters may also react with air, but much slower, and can be stabilized with oxidation inhibitors.
A typical 85o high oleic oil has the following approximate composition:
Saturates: 3-50 monounsaturates: 84-85%
diunsaturates: 3-70 triunsaturates: 1-30 While the present invention provides for the use of vegetable oils, the invention may use synthetic oil having the same compositional characteristics of those oils isolated from plants. While plant derived material is suitable for almost all applications, synthetic material may provide a desirable alternative in some applications.
According to the present invention, high oleic acid content oils are used as starting materials for the pr~d::c~io:. of an oil composition which has physical ~:roperties useful for electrical insulation fluids. The pzese~t invention provides the processed compositions having specific structural and physical characteristics and properties, methods of making such composition, electrical irsula~ion fluids which comprise the composition, electrical apparatuses which co:rprise the electrical insulation fluids and methods of insulating electrical apparatuses using such fluids.
30 The present invention provides a high oleic acid triglyceride composition useful as an electrical insulation fluid and more particularly as a component material of an electrical insulation fluid. A triglyceride composition is a glycerol backbone linked to three fatty acid molecules.
35 The triglyceride compositions of the invention comprise fatty acid components of at least 750 oleic acid. The remaining fatty acid components include less than 10%
_... . . _._.. _.__ _ ... _ __._._..._~.__.-.. _._...i diunsaturated fatty acid component, less than 30 triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 80 saturated fatty acid component.
The triglyceride compositions of the invention preferably comprise fatty acid components of at least 800 oleic acid. The triglyceride compositions of the invention more preferably comprise fatty acid components of at least 85% oleic acid. In some embodiments, the triglyceride compositions of the invention comprise fatty acid components of 90% oleic acid. In some embodiments, the triglyceride compositions of the invention comprise fatty acid components of greater than 90% oleic acid.
Di-unsaturated, triunsaturated and saturated fatty acid components present in the triglyceride are preferably C16-C22. It is preferred that 800 or more of the remaining fatty acid components are C18 diunsaturated, triunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, i.e. linoleic, linolenic and stearic acids, respectively. In some embodiments, the diunsaturated, triunsaturated and saturated fatty acid components of the triglyceride comprise at least 750 oleic acid, less than 3% linoleic acid, less than 4% stearic acid and less than 4o palmitic acid (saturated C16).
The triglyceride compositions of the invention are of an electric grade. That is, they have specific physical properties which make them particularly suited for use as an electrical insulation. fluid. ~.'he dielectric stre-~gt7 of a rriglyceride composition of ti:e invention is at least 35 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap, the dissipation factor is less than 0.05% at 25oC, the acidity is less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, the electrical conductivity is less than 1 pS/m at 25oC, the flash point is at least 250oC and the pour point is at least -l5oC.
The dielectric strength, dissipation factor, acidity, electrical conductivity, flash point and pour point are each measured using the published standards set forth in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards (in Volumes 5 and 10) published by the American Society for Testing Materials _ g _ (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken PA 19428, which is incorporated herein by reference. The dielectric strength is determined using ASTM test method D 877. The dissipation factor is determined using ASTM test method D
924. The acidity is determined using ASTM test method D
974. The electrical conductivity is determined using ASTM
test method D 2624. The flash point is determined using ASTM test method D 92. The pour point is determined using ASTM test method D 97.
The dielectric strength is measured by taking 100-150 ml oil sample in a test cell and applying a voltage between test electrodes separated by a specified gap. The breakdown voltage is noted. The test is preferably run five times and the average value is calculated. The dielectric strength of a triglyceride composition of the invention is at least 35 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap. In some preferred embodiments, it is 40 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap.
The dissipation factor is a measure of the electrical loss due to conducting species and is tested by 2o measuring the capacitance of fluids in a test cell using a capacitance bridge. The dissipation factor of a triglyceride composition of the invention is less than 0.05a at 25C. In some preferred embodiments, it is less than 0.02%. In some preferred embodiments, it is less than O.Olo.
The acidity is measured by titrating a known volume of oil with a solution of alcoholic KOH to neutralization point. The weight of the oil in grams per mg KOH is referred to interchangeably as the acidity number or the neutralization number. The acidity of a triglyceride composition of the invention is less than 0.03 mg KOH/g.
In some preferred embodiments, it is less than 0.02 mg KOH/g.
The electrical conductivity is measured using a conductivity meter such as an Emcee meter. The electrical conductivity of a triglyceride composition of the invention is less than 1 pS/m at 25oC. In some preferred embodiments, i ._._ ...__.. __ __~_.~.._..___. . .._ .
_ g _ it is less than 0.25 pS/m.
The flash point is determined by placing an oil sample in a flashpoint tester and determining the temperature at which it ignites. The flash point of a triglyceride composition of the invention is at least 250~C.
In some preferred embodiments, it is at least 300oC.
The pour point is determined by cooling an oil sample with dry ice/acetone and determining the temperature at which the liquid becomes a semi-solid. The pour point of a triglyceride composition of the invention is not greater than -l5oC. In some preferred embodiments, it is not greater than -20oC. In some preferred embodiments, it is not greater than -40oC.
In some preferred embodiments, the triglyceride composition of the invention is characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/lOC
mii (2.5 mm) gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.020 at 25oC, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 300~C and a pour point of not greater than -20~C.
In some preferred embodiments, the pour point is not greater than -40~C.
In some preferred embodiments, the triglyceride composition of the invention comprises fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, linoleic acid at a proportion of less than 100, linoleic acid at a proportion of less than 3%, stearic acid in a proportion of less than 4%, and palmitic acid in a proportion of less than 40, and is characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25~C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 300oC and a pour point of not greater than -20oC. In some preferred embodiments, the pour point is not greater than -40oC.
Triglycerides with high oleic acid oil content are described in U.S. Patent Number 4,627,192 issued December 4, 1986 to Fick and U.S. Patent Number 4,743,402 issued May 10, 1988 to Fick, These oils or those with similar fatty acid component content according to the present invention may be processed to yield an oil with the desired physical properties. High oleic vegetable oils may be obtained from commercial suppliers as RBD oils (refined, bleached and deodorized) which are further processed according to the present invention to yield high oleic oils useful in electrical insulation fluid compositions. There are several suppliers of high oleic RBD oils in the USA and overseas. RBD oil useful as a starting material for further processing may be obtained from SVO Specialty Products, Eastlake Oh, and Cargill Corp., Minneapolis MN. The oil manufacturer goes through an elaborate process to obtain RBD oil during whicr all nonoily components (gums, phospholipids, pigments etc.) are removed. Further steps may involve winterization (chilling) to remove saturates, and stabilization using nontoxic additives. The processes for converting oil to RBD
oil are described in Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Vols. 1, 2 & 3, Fourth Edition X979 Jorn hliley &
Sons and in Bleaching and Purifying Fats and Oils by ~:.B.W.
F'atterson, AOCC Press, 1992 RBD oils are further processed according to the present invention in order to yield an oil with the physica2 properties as defined herein. The purification of the as received oil designated RBD oil is necessary because trace polar compounds and acidic materials still remain in the oil, making it unfit as an electrical fluid. The purification process of the present invention uses clay treatment which involves essentially a bleaching process using neutral clay. RBD oil is combined with loo by weight clay and mixed for at least about 20 minutes. It is preferred if the oil is heated to about 60-80oC. It is preferred if the mixture is agitated. The clay particles are removed subsequently by a filter press. Vacuum conditions or a neutral atmosphere (by nitrogen) during this process prevent oxidation. Slightly stabilized oil is preferable. More stabilizer is added at the end of the process. The purity is monitored by electrical conductivity, acidity and dissipation factor measurement.
Further treatment by deodorization techniques is possible but not essential. The polar compounds that interfere most with electrical properties are organometallic compounds such as metallic soaps, chlorophyll pigments and so on. The level of purification needed is determined by the measured properties and the limits used. An alternative embodiment provides passing RBD oil through a clay column. However, stirring with clay removes trace polar impurities better than passing through a clay column. In preferred embodiments, neutral Attapulgite clay, typically 30/60 mesh size, is used in a ratio of 1-loo clay by weight. In some embodiments, clay particles are removed using filters, preferably paper filters with a pore size of 1-5 ~.m. The clay is preferably mixed with hot oil and agitated for several minutes, after which the clay is filtered o~f using filters. Paper or synthetic filter sheets may be used i' a filter separator is used. The filter sheets are periodically replaced.
Electrical insulation fluids of the invention comprise the triglyceride composition of the invention and ma}~ ~urther comprise one or more additives. Additives include oxidation inhibitors, copper deactivators a::d pou=
point depressors.
Oxidation inhibitors may be added to the oils.
Oxidation stability is desirable but in sealed units where there is no oxygen, it should not be critical. Commonly used oxidation inhibitors include butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and mono-tertiary butyl hydro quinone (TBHQ). In some embodiments, oxidation inhibitors are used in combinations such as BHA and BHT.
Oxidation inhibitors may be present at levels of 0.1-3.0%.
In some preferred embodiments, 0.2o TBHQ is used. Oxidation WO 98/31021 PC"T/US98/00242 stability of the oil is determined by AOM or OSI methods well known to those skilled in the art. In the AOM method, the oil is oxidized by air at 100oC and the formation of peroxide is monitored. The time to reach 100 milliequivalents (meq) or any other limit is determined.
The higher the value, the more stable the oil is. In the OSI method, the time to reach an induction period is determined by the measurement of conductivity.
Since copper is always present in the electrical environment, another type of additive is copper deactivators. Copper deactivators such as benzotriazole derivatives are commercially available. The use of these in small, such as below lo, may be beneficial in reducing the catalytic activity of copper ir. electrical apparatus. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid contains less than to of a copper deactivator. In some embodiments, the copper deactivator is a benzotriazole derivative.
According to some preferred embodiments the presen:. invention, a combination of additives set forth herein particularly is effective when used in combination with high oleic acid triglyceride compositions to form electrical insulation fluids. The additives =nclude a combination of combination of. The combination of additives included in the electrical insulation fluid of the invention.
include three additives: IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX~
L-109 antioxidar.~ and IRGAMET-30 metal deac~ivator which are each commercially available From CIBA-GEIGY, Inc.
(Tarrytown, NY). The combination of additives is present in a combined total in the fluid at between 0.2 and 2.Oo, preferably between 0.5-1.0%. In some preferred embodiments, the combination of additives is present at about .5%.
The combination of additives may be present in a Y_ ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to about 2-4 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator. In some preferred embodiment, the combination of additives is present in a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to about 3 parts IRGANOX L-109 Trademarks WO 98!31021 PCT/US98/0024:
antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant is commercially available from CIBA/GEIGY and is a liquid mixture of alkylated diphenylamines; specifically the reaction products of reacting N-Phenylbenzenamine with 2,4,4-trimethlypentane.
IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant is commercially available from CIBA/GEIGY and is a high molecular weight phenolic antioxidant, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate. IRGANOX~L-109 antioxidant is a bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivative.
IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator metal deactivator is commercially available from CIBA/GEIGY and is a triazole derivative, N, N-bis (2-Ethylhexyl)-1B-1,2,4-triazole-1 methanamine.
~5 IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant and _TRGANOX L-109 antioxidant are antioxidants, and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator is a copper pasivator. In electrical apparatuses, copper is widely used as conductor and coppe_-has a catalytic effect in the oxidation of oil. The 2C a:~tioxidants react with free oxygen thereby preventing the :attcr from attacking the oil.
Pour points depressants may also be added ii low pc;~_~ points aYe needed. Commercially available products car.
Z>~ uscd which are compatible with vegetable-based oils.
:.>i:iy low percentages, such as 2% or below, are needed r.~-~-al~ ~~ to bri::g down. the pour point by 10 to lSoC. Ir, some embodiments, the pour point depressant is polymethacrylate (PMA).
In some embodiments, the pour point may be further 30 reduced by winterizing processed oil. Essentially, the oils are winterized by lowering the temperature to near or below OoC and removing solidified components. The winterization process may be performed as a series of temperature reductions followed by removal of solids at the various 35 temperature. In some embodiments, winterization is performed by reducing the temperature serially to 50, Oo and -l2oC for several hours, and filtering the solids with 'Trademarks diatomaceous earth.
In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid of the invention that comprises at least 75 percent triglyceride composition of the invention as described above further comprises about 0.1-5o additives and then up to about 25% other insulating fluids such as mineral oil, synthetic esters, and synthetic hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises 1-240 of insulating fluids selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials. In some embodiments, the electrical insultion fluid comprises 5-15%
of insulating fluids selected from the group consisiting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combinantion of two or more of such materials. Examples of mineral oils include poly alpha olefins. An example of a mineral oil which may be used as part of the present invention is RTEemp, Cooper Power Fluid Systems. Examples of synthetic esters include polyol esters. Commercially available synthetic esters which can be used as part of the invention include those sold under the trade names N:IDEL
713. (The Micanite and Insulators Co., Manchester UK), REOLEC 138 (FMC, Manchester, UK) and ENVIROTEMP 200(Cooper Power Fluid Systems). In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises at least 850 of the triglyceride composition of the invention. Tr. some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises at least 950 of the triglyceride composition of the invention.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, high oleic acid content oils are used as starting materials for the production of an oil composition which has physical properties useful for electrical insulation fluids. The high oleic acid content oils are combined with a preferred combination of antioxidant and metal deactivating additives to provide electrical insulation fluids. Some preferred embodiments of the ~_ __ __.._. .. __~ ~- ~.
present invention relates to such electrical insulation fluids, to electrical apparatuses which comprise the electrical insulation fluids and methods of insulating electrical apparatuses using such fluids.
In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid of the invention that comprises at least 75 percent triglyceride composition of the invention as described above further comprises about 0.1-5% additives, including preferably 0.5-2.0% combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator, and then up to about 24.50 other insulating fluids such as mineral oil, synthetic esters, and synthetic hydrocarbons.
In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises 1-24% of insulating fluids selected from the group ~5 consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises 3-200 of insulating fluids selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation.
fluid comprises 5-150 of insulating fluids selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials.
The present invention relates to an electrical apparatus which comprises the electrical insulation fluid of the invention. The electrical apparatus may be an electrical transformer, an electrical capacitor or an electrical power cable. U.S. Patent Number 4,082,866, U.S.
Patent Number 4,206,066, U.S. Patent Number 4,621,302, U.S.
Patent Number 5,017,733, U.S. Patent Number 5,250,750, and U.S. Patent Number 5,336,847, which are referred to aboveo applications of electrical insulation fluids for which the electrical insulation fluid of the invention may be used. In addition, U.S. Patent Number 4,993,141 issued February 19, Trademarks WO 98131021 PC'T/LJS98100242 1991 to Grimes et al., U.S. Patent Number 4,890,086 issued December 26, 1989 to Hill, U.S. Patent Number 5,025,949 issued June 25, 1991 to Adkins et al., U.S. Patent Number 4,972,168 issued November 20, 1990 to Grimes et al., U.S.
S Patent Number 4,126,844, and U.S. Patent Number 4,307,364 issued December 22, 1981 to Lanoue et al., contain descriptions of various electrical apparatuses in which the electrical insulation fluid of the invention may be used. In some preferred embodiments, the electrical apparatus of the invention is a transformer, in particular, a power transformer or a distribution transformer.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Several high oleic oils were further purified and stabilized according to the present invention to make them electrically suitable. Electrical tests showed that such purified oils had properties similar to currently used high temperature fluids in distribution transformers. Table 1 compares the properties of the purified oils of the present invention with currently used fluids.
Table 1 Comparison of Purified Vegetable Oils with High Temperature Fluids Used in Transformers High Oleic High Temp. Synthetic Veg. Oil Mineral Oila Ester Fluidb Dielectric 42.4 40-45 50 Strength, KV/100 mil gap Dissipation 0.02 0.01 0.1 Factor, o at 25oC
Neutr. No. mg 0.05 - 0.03 KOH/g Electrical 0.25-1.0 (0.1 0 10)* (5.0)*
Conductivity pS/m, 25~C
',5 Flash Point 328oC 275-300oC 257oC
dour Point -28oC -24oC -480 " ttw~;emp, C.:OOper YOwer rlulu 5y5~cm5 '' Polyol Esters (such as MIDEL 7131 and REOLEC 138) * deduced from resistivity The properties listed for the high oleic oil are for purified oils with no additives.
Example 2 The purification of the as received oil designated RBD oil (refined, bleached and deodorized) is necessary because trace polar compounds and acidic materials still remain in the oil, ma~ing it unfit as an electrical fluid.
The purification we attempted involved clay treatment as follows: approximately 1 gal. o' the RBD oil was treated with 10% Attapulgite clay. Oil was produced with electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m. The attapulgite treated oil showed conductivities as low as 0.25 pS/m. Commercial grade oils had conductivities in the range of 1.5 to 125 pS/m. Conductivity below 1 pS/m (or resistivity above 101"
ohm. cm) is desired for electrical grade oil. Other indicators of purity are dissipation factor and neutralization number (acid number). Dissipation factor is a measure of electrical losses due to conduction caused by conducting species, usually organometallic trace components, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) and should be below 0.05% at room temperature. The clay treated oils had dissipation factor of 0.02%. Untreated RBD
oils had DF ranging from 0.060 to 2.0%. 4~lith a finer grade of clay, the same results could be achieved with only 20 of clay. A filter separator was preferred to a filter column.
Example 3 Oxidation stability tests were conducted on treated and untreated oil samples using ASTM and AOCS
methods. The untreated and treated RBD oils failed the l0 tests. Oxidation inhibitors were added to the oils and the tests were repeated. Several oxidation inhibitors were tested: BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene, BHA (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole) and TBHQ (mono-Tertiary Butyl Hydro Quinone) in 0.2o by weight in oil. In the ROCS method used (Cd i2.57) 100 ml samples are bubbled with air at 100C, and the peroxide formation was measured at several time intervals. Hours to reach 100 meq of peroxide were noted.
Since copper is always present in the electrical en~~ironment, all oil samples had copper wire placed in them.
4~:« h no additive, the time to reach the limit was 18 hours;
kw:t: additive (0.20) , the times were 100 hours for BHT +
BHF,. With TBHQ, even after 400 hours, the peroxide value reached only 8.4 meq. TBHQ proved to be the best antioxidant of the three. Without an oxidation inhibitor the oils upon oxidation would produce hydroperoxide which is then converted to acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones and polymer structures. Most electrical apparatus that use a fluid insulation operate in low oxygen or oxygen-free environment, so the concern over oxidation is not 30 great.
Example 4 The pour point of the treated oil was typically -25oC. To lower the pour point further, the treated oils were winterized at 50, Oo and -l2oC for several hours, and 35 the solids that separated were filtered with diatomaceous _ ..._- ~___._r _ . ~.___ __ . .
WO 98/31021 PCT/US981002~i2 earth. The lowest pour point reached so far was -38oC, close to the specified value of -40oC for transformer oil.
Further lowering is possible by extended winterization.
Another approach is by the use of pour point depressants such as PMA (polymethacrylate) which has been used for mineral oil.
Example 5 A laboratory oxidation stability test was conducted using the OSI (Oil Stability Index) Method, ROCS
Cd 12b-92. The additives were used in a 1:3:1 ratio at several concentrations in both the high oleic vegetable oil and in regular mineral oil used in transformers. In the OSI
method, 50 ml of the oil is taken in a conductivity cell, and is placed in a bath kept at 110"C. Air is bubbled through it at 2.5 ml/min. The effluent air containing the volatile fatty acids is passed through a vessel containing deionized water. The conductivity of the water is monitored as a function of time. When the antioxidant is consumed, a sudden rise in conductivity is observed. This taken as the end point. The number of hours is noted as the OSI value at 110 C. It is usual to convert these values to a 97.8 C OSI
value to correspond to the temperature used in another oil stability test, the AOM (Active Oxygen Method), A.O.C.S Cd 12-57.
Table 2 summarizes the test results:
Table 2 OSI Values in Hours for Various Oils OSI, OSI, AOM, 110C 97.8C 97.8C
High Oleic Veg. oil 1.3 3.0 3.1 with Cu Same, with 0.2% TBHQ 13.5 31.3 32.6 Same, with 0.2% CIBA 79.7 185.2 192.8 Same, with 0.5% CIBA 226 526 548 Transformer oil 162 377 392 (mineral oil) + Cu High Temp. Mineral 137 1315 1 328 Oil -~ Cu Compositions which comprise the additives at 0.5%
concentration in oil is as effective as regular transformer oil, and more effective that the high temperature mineral oil used in some transformers. Another superiority of the combination of additives is that the oil conductivity at 0.5% concentration below 2 pS/m, compared to 4.5 pS/m for oil with 0.2o TBHQ.
Example 6 Mixing the composition with other fluids can result in the lowering of pour point. For example, the electrical insulation fluid was mixed with regular mineral oil (pour point of -50°C or below)and at a 5o concentration in the mixture (i.e. final electrical insulator fluid includes 5% mineral oil), the pour point was reduced to -40"C. In another embodiment, the electrical insulation f~~uid was mixed with the synthetic ester Reolec 138 and at a 10~
concentration in the mixture (i.e. final electrical insulator fluid includes loo synthetic ester), the pour point was lowered to -42°C. The above fluid may, for example, be mixed with regular mineral oil.
-..._.~ T _... .__ ._ ..... . . 1.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a high oleic oil composition useful as an electrical insulation fluid, to electrical insulation fluid compos=Lions and elect=ical apparatuses which comprise the same. The high oleic oil compositions of the invention have electrical properties which make them well suited as insulation fluids in electrical components.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The electrical industry uses a variety of insulating fluids which are easily available and cost effective. Examples are mineral oil, silicone fluid, and synthetic hydrocarbon oils used in transformers, power cables and capacitors. Examples of such fluids include those described in U.S. Patent Number 4,082,866 issued April 4, 1978 to Link, U.S. Patent Number 4,206,066 issued June 3, 1980 to Rinehart, U.S. Patent Number 4,621,302 issued November 4, 1986 to Sato et al., U.S. Patent Number 5,017,733 issued May 21, 1991 to Sato et al. U.S. Patent Number 5,250,750 issued October 5, 1993 to Shubkin et al., and U.S. Patent Number 5,336,847 issued August 9, 1994 to Nakagami Many of these fluids are not considered to be biodegradable in a reasonable time frame. Some have electrical properties which render them less than optimal.
In recent years regulatory agencies have become increasingly concerned about oil spills which can contaminate the ground soil and other areas. A biodegradable oil would be desirable for electrical apparatus such as transformers used in populated areas and shopping centers.
Vegetable oils are fully biodegradable, but the oils presently available in the market are not electrical grade. A few vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil and castor oil have beer. used in limited quantities, mostly in car~acitors, but these are not oleic esters.
There is a need for a fully biodegradable electrical fluid. There is a need for electrical apparatuses which comprise such an oil. There is a need for G a met'.:od of processing vegetable oil to electrical grade.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to high oleic acid tria;yc~=ride compositions that comprise fatty acid co-.n~onents of at least 75% oleic acid, less than 10%
__ diunsaturatec fatty acid component; less than 30 triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 8%
saturated fatty acid component; and wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap, a 30 dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25oC, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 250oC and a pour point of at least -lSoC.
The present invention relates to an electrical 35 insulation fluid comprising at least 75% of a high oleic acid triglyceride composition that comprise fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, less than l00 diunsaturated fatty acid component; less than 3%
triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 80 saturated tatty acid component; and wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25~C, acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 250oC and a pour point of at least -15~C, and one or more additive selected from the group of an antioxidant additive, a pour point depressant additive and a copper deactivator.
In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises a pour point depressant additive, which in some embodiments is polymethacrylate.
In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises a combination of antioxidant additives . In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises a combination of IRGANOX L-57 antio~:idant and IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant.
In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises a copper deactivator. Tn some T
preferred embodiments, the copper deactivator is IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
In some preferred embodiments that antioxidant additives and copper deactivators make up about 0.2-2.0°s of electrical insulation fluid. It is preferred that the i;
additives comprise a combination of IRGANOX L-57 -antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator. It is preferred that the combination is provided at a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to 2-4 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAME~-30 metal deactivator.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises at least 940 of the high oleic acid triglyceride composition. In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises fatty #Trademarks WO 98/31021 PCT/US98/002d2 acid components of: at least 750 oleic acid, less than 100 linoleic acid, less than 3% linolenic acid, less than 40 stearic acid, and less than 4% palmitic acid. In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid is characterized by the properties of: a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25oC, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 300oC, and a pour point of at least -20oC, and in some embodiments, at least -40oC. In some preferred embodiments the electrical insulation fluid comprises 0.5-l.Oo, in some embodiments 0.5%, of the combination of IRGANO~ L-57 antioxidant, iRGANO~~L-109 T
antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator. In some r~referred embodiments the combination of IRGANOX L-57 n T .
antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and =RGAMET-30 meta=
deactivator has a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 v T' antioxidant to about 3 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
The present invention relates to electrical apparatuses comprising the elec~rical insulation fluid.
The prese_~.t _nve~tion relates to the use of electrical insulation fluid to provide insulation in electrical apparatuses.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition comprising the steps of combining refined, bleached and deodorized high oleic acid triglyceride with clay to form a mixture and filtering the mixture to remove the clay.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Or THE INVENTION
This present invention provides a novel application for high oleic vegetable oils as electrical insulation fluids. Vegetable oils usually have a high percent of triglyceride esters of saturated and unsaturated organic acids. When the acid is saturated, the triglyceride is either a semi-solid or a liquid with high freezing point.
TTrademarks Unsaturated acids produce oils with low freezing points.
However, monounsaturated acids are preferred over diunsaturated and triunsaturated acids because the latter tend to dry fast in air due to cross-linking with oxygen.
Increasing the amount of diunsaturates and triunsaturates makes the oil more vulnerable to oxidation; increasing the saturates raises the pour point. Ideally, the higher the monosaturate content, the better the oil as an electrical f luid .
l0 Oleic acid is a monounsaturated acid found as triglyceride ester in many natural oils such as sunflower, olive oil and safflower in relatively high proportions (above 600). High oleic acid content is usually above 750 of the total acid content. Oleic acid content above 80o is achieved by genetic manipulation and breeding. Two oils that are currently available in the United States with high oleic acid content and low saturates are sunflower oil and canola oil. These oils are of value in producing high quality lubricating oils but have not been used in the production of electrical insulation fluids.
High oleic oils may be derived from plant seeds such as sunflower and canola which have been genetically modified to yield high oleic content. The pure oils are triglycerides of certain fatty acids with a carbon chain ranging from 16 to 22 carbon atoms. If the carbon chain has no double bonds, it is a saturated oil, and is designated Cn:O where n is the number of carbon atoms. Chains with one double bond are monounsaturated and are designated Cn:l;
with two double bonds, it will be Cn:2 and with three double bonds Cn:3. Oleic acid is a C18:1 acid while erucic acid is a C22:1 acid. The acids are in the combined state as triglycerides, and when the oils are hydrolyzed they are separated into the acid and glycerol components. High oleic oils contain more than 75% oleic acid (in combined state with glycerol), the remaining being composed mainly of C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 acids (also in combined state with glycerol). These acids are known as stearic, linoleic and linolenic. Oils with a high percentage of double and triple unsaturated molecules are unsuitable for electrical application because they react with air and produce oxidation products. Monounsaturated oils such as oleic acid esters may also react with air, but much slower, and can be stabilized with oxidation inhibitors.
A typical 85o high oleic oil has the following approximate composition:
Saturates: 3-50 monounsaturates: 84-85%
diunsaturates: 3-70 triunsaturates: 1-30 While the present invention provides for the use of vegetable oils, the invention may use synthetic oil having the same compositional characteristics of those oils isolated from plants. While plant derived material is suitable for almost all applications, synthetic material may provide a desirable alternative in some applications.
According to the present invention, high oleic acid content oils are used as starting materials for the pr~d::c~io:. of an oil composition which has physical ~:roperties useful for electrical insulation fluids. The pzese~t invention provides the processed compositions having specific structural and physical characteristics and properties, methods of making such composition, electrical irsula~ion fluids which comprise the composition, electrical apparatuses which co:rprise the electrical insulation fluids and methods of insulating electrical apparatuses using such fluids.
30 The present invention provides a high oleic acid triglyceride composition useful as an electrical insulation fluid and more particularly as a component material of an electrical insulation fluid. A triglyceride composition is a glycerol backbone linked to three fatty acid molecules.
35 The triglyceride compositions of the invention comprise fatty acid components of at least 750 oleic acid. The remaining fatty acid components include less than 10%
_... . . _._.. _.__ _ ... _ __._._..._~.__.-.. _._...i diunsaturated fatty acid component, less than 30 triunsaturated fatty acid component; and less than 80 saturated fatty acid component.
The triglyceride compositions of the invention preferably comprise fatty acid components of at least 800 oleic acid. The triglyceride compositions of the invention more preferably comprise fatty acid components of at least 85% oleic acid. In some embodiments, the triglyceride compositions of the invention comprise fatty acid components of 90% oleic acid. In some embodiments, the triglyceride compositions of the invention comprise fatty acid components of greater than 90% oleic acid.
Di-unsaturated, triunsaturated and saturated fatty acid components present in the triglyceride are preferably C16-C22. It is preferred that 800 or more of the remaining fatty acid components are C18 diunsaturated, triunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, i.e. linoleic, linolenic and stearic acids, respectively. In some embodiments, the diunsaturated, triunsaturated and saturated fatty acid components of the triglyceride comprise at least 750 oleic acid, less than 3% linoleic acid, less than 4% stearic acid and less than 4o palmitic acid (saturated C16).
The triglyceride compositions of the invention are of an electric grade. That is, they have specific physical properties which make them particularly suited for use as an electrical insulation. fluid. ~.'he dielectric stre-~gt7 of a rriglyceride composition of ti:e invention is at least 35 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap, the dissipation factor is less than 0.05% at 25oC, the acidity is less than 0.03 mg KOH/g, the electrical conductivity is less than 1 pS/m at 25oC, the flash point is at least 250oC and the pour point is at least -l5oC.
The dielectric strength, dissipation factor, acidity, electrical conductivity, flash point and pour point are each measured using the published standards set forth in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards (in Volumes 5 and 10) published by the American Society for Testing Materials _ g _ (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken PA 19428, which is incorporated herein by reference. The dielectric strength is determined using ASTM test method D 877. The dissipation factor is determined using ASTM test method D
924. The acidity is determined using ASTM test method D
974. The electrical conductivity is determined using ASTM
test method D 2624. The flash point is determined using ASTM test method D 92. The pour point is determined using ASTM test method D 97.
The dielectric strength is measured by taking 100-150 ml oil sample in a test cell and applying a voltage between test electrodes separated by a specified gap. The breakdown voltage is noted. The test is preferably run five times and the average value is calculated. The dielectric strength of a triglyceride composition of the invention is at least 35 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap. In some preferred embodiments, it is 40 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap.
The dissipation factor is a measure of the electrical loss due to conducting species and is tested by 2o measuring the capacitance of fluids in a test cell using a capacitance bridge. The dissipation factor of a triglyceride composition of the invention is less than 0.05a at 25C. In some preferred embodiments, it is less than 0.02%. In some preferred embodiments, it is less than O.Olo.
The acidity is measured by titrating a known volume of oil with a solution of alcoholic KOH to neutralization point. The weight of the oil in grams per mg KOH is referred to interchangeably as the acidity number or the neutralization number. The acidity of a triglyceride composition of the invention is less than 0.03 mg KOH/g.
In some preferred embodiments, it is less than 0.02 mg KOH/g.
The electrical conductivity is measured using a conductivity meter such as an Emcee meter. The electrical conductivity of a triglyceride composition of the invention is less than 1 pS/m at 25oC. In some preferred embodiments, i ._._ ...__.. __ __~_.~.._..___. . .._ .
_ g _ it is less than 0.25 pS/m.
The flash point is determined by placing an oil sample in a flashpoint tester and determining the temperature at which it ignites. The flash point of a triglyceride composition of the invention is at least 250~C.
In some preferred embodiments, it is at least 300oC.
The pour point is determined by cooling an oil sample with dry ice/acetone and determining the temperature at which the liquid becomes a semi-solid. The pour point of a triglyceride composition of the invention is not greater than -l5oC. In some preferred embodiments, it is not greater than -20oC. In some preferred embodiments, it is not greater than -40oC.
In some preferred embodiments, the triglyceride composition of the invention is characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/lOC
mii (2.5 mm) gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.020 at 25oC, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 300~C and a pour point of not greater than -20~C.
In some preferred embodiments, the pour point is not greater than -40~C.
In some preferred embodiments, the triglyceride composition of the invention comprises fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid, linoleic acid at a proportion of less than 100, linoleic acid at a proportion of less than 3%, stearic acid in a proportion of less than 4%, and palmitic acid in a proportion of less than 40, and is characterized by the properties of a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil (2.5 mm) gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25~C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25oC, a flash point of at least 300oC and a pour point of not greater than -20oC. In some preferred embodiments, the pour point is not greater than -40oC.
Triglycerides with high oleic acid oil content are described in U.S. Patent Number 4,627,192 issued December 4, 1986 to Fick and U.S. Patent Number 4,743,402 issued May 10, 1988 to Fick, These oils or those with similar fatty acid component content according to the present invention may be processed to yield an oil with the desired physical properties. High oleic vegetable oils may be obtained from commercial suppliers as RBD oils (refined, bleached and deodorized) which are further processed according to the present invention to yield high oleic oils useful in electrical insulation fluid compositions. There are several suppliers of high oleic RBD oils in the USA and overseas. RBD oil useful as a starting material for further processing may be obtained from SVO Specialty Products, Eastlake Oh, and Cargill Corp., Minneapolis MN. The oil manufacturer goes through an elaborate process to obtain RBD oil during whicr all nonoily components (gums, phospholipids, pigments etc.) are removed. Further steps may involve winterization (chilling) to remove saturates, and stabilization using nontoxic additives. The processes for converting oil to RBD
oil are described in Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Vols. 1, 2 & 3, Fourth Edition X979 Jorn hliley &
Sons and in Bleaching and Purifying Fats and Oils by ~:.B.W.
F'atterson, AOCC Press, 1992 RBD oils are further processed according to the present invention in order to yield an oil with the physica2 properties as defined herein. The purification of the as received oil designated RBD oil is necessary because trace polar compounds and acidic materials still remain in the oil, making it unfit as an electrical fluid. The purification process of the present invention uses clay treatment which involves essentially a bleaching process using neutral clay. RBD oil is combined with loo by weight clay and mixed for at least about 20 minutes. It is preferred if the oil is heated to about 60-80oC. It is preferred if the mixture is agitated. The clay particles are removed subsequently by a filter press. Vacuum conditions or a neutral atmosphere (by nitrogen) during this process prevent oxidation. Slightly stabilized oil is preferable. More stabilizer is added at the end of the process. The purity is monitored by electrical conductivity, acidity and dissipation factor measurement.
Further treatment by deodorization techniques is possible but not essential. The polar compounds that interfere most with electrical properties are organometallic compounds such as metallic soaps, chlorophyll pigments and so on. The level of purification needed is determined by the measured properties and the limits used. An alternative embodiment provides passing RBD oil through a clay column. However, stirring with clay removes trace polar impurities better than passing through a clay column. In preferred embodiments, neutral Attapulgite clay, typically 30/60 mesh size, is used in a ratio of 1-loo clay by weight. In some embodiments, clay particles are removed using filters, preferably paper filters with a pore size of 1-5 ~.m. The clay is preferably mixed with hot oil and agitated for several minutes, after which the clay is filtered o~f using filters. Paper or synthetic filter sheets may be used i' a filter separator is used. The filter sheets are periodically replaced.
Electrical insulation fluids of the invention comprise the triglyceride composition of the invention and ma}~ ~urther comprise one or more additives. Additives include oxidation inhibitors, copper deactivators a::d pou=
point depressors.
Oxidation inhibitors may be added to the oils.
Oxidation stability is desirable but in sealed units where there is no oxygen, it should not be critical. Commonly used oxidation inhibitors include butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and mono-tertiary butyl hydro quinone (TBHQ). In some embodiments, oxidation inhibitors are used in combinations such as BHA and BHT.
Oxidation inhibitors may be present at levels of 0.1-3.0%.
In some preferred embodiments, 0.2o TBHQ is used. Oxidation WO 98/31021 PC"T/US98/00242 stability of the oil is determined by AOM or OSI methods well known to those skilled in the art. In the AOM method, the oil is oxidized by air at 100oC and the formation of peroxide is monitored. The time to reach 100 milliequivalents (meq) or any other limit is determined.
The higher the value, the more stable the oil is. In the OSI method, the time to reach an induction period is determined by the measurement of conductivity.
Since copper is always present in the electrical environment, another type of additive is copper deactivators. Copper deactivators such as benzotriazole derivatives are commercially available. The use of these in small, such as below lo, may be beneficial in reducing the catalytic activity of copper ir. electrical apparatus. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid contains less than to of a copper deactivator. In some embodiments, the copper deactivator is a benzotriazole derivative.
According to some preferred embodiments the presen:. invention, a combination of additives set forth herein particularly is effective when used in combination with high oleic acid triglyceride compositions to form electrical insulation fluids. The additives =nclude a combination of combination of. The combination of additives included in the electrical insulation fluid of the invention.
include three additives: IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX~
L-109 antioxidar.~ and IRGAMET-30 metal deac~ivator which are each commercially available From CIBA-GEIGY, Inc.
(Tarrytown, NY). The combination of additives is present in a combined total in the fluid at between 0.2 and 2.Oo, preferably between 0.5-1.0%. In some preferred embodiments, the combination of additives is present at about .5%.
The combination of additives may be present in a Y_ ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to about 2-4 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator. In some preferred embodiment, the combination of additives is present in a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to about 3 parts IRGANOX L-109 Trademarks WO 98!31021 PCT/US98/0024:
antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant is commercially available from CIBA/GEIGY and is a liquid mixture of alkylated diphenylamines; specifically the reaction products of reacting N-Phenylbenzenamine with 2,4,4-trimethlypentane.
IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant is commercially available from CIBA/GEIGY and is a high molecular weight phenolic antioxidant, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate. IRGANOX~L-109 antioxidant is a bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivative.
IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator metal deactivator is commercially available from CIBA/GEIGY and is a triazole derivative, N, N-bis (2-Ethylhexyl)-1B-1,2,4-triazole-1 methanamine.
~5 IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant and _TRGANOX L-109 antioxidant are antioxidants, and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator is a copper pasivator. In electrical apparatuses, copper is widely used as conductor and coppe_-has a catalytic effect in the oxidation of oil. The 2C a:~tioxidants react with free oxygen thereby preventing the :attcr from attacking the oil.
Pour points depressants may also be added ii low pc;~_~ points aYe needed. Commercially available products car.
Z>~ uscd which are compatible with vegetable-based oils.
:.>i:iy low percentages, such as 2% or below, are needed r.~-~-al~ ~~ to bri::g down. the pour point by 10 to lSoC. Ir, some embodiments, the pour point depressant is polymethacrylate (PMA).
In some embodiments, the pour point may be further 30 reduced by winterizing processed oil. Essentially, the oils are winterized by lowering the temperature to near or below OoC and removing solidified components. The winterization process may be performed as a series of temperature reductions followed by removal of solids at the various 35 temperature. In some embodiments, winterization is performed by reducing the temperature serially to 50, Oo and -l2oC for several hours, and filtering the solids with 'Trademarks diatomaceous earth.
In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid of the invention that comprises at least 75 percent triglyceride composition of the invention as described above further comprises about 0.1-5o additives and then up to about 25% other insulating fluids such as mineral oil, synthetic esters, and synthetic hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises 1-240 of insulating fluids selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials. In some embodiments, the electrical insultion fluid comprises 5-15%
of insulating fluids selected from the group consisiting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combinantion of two or more of such materials. Examples of mineral oils include poly alpha olefins. An example of a mineral oil which may be used as part of the present invention is RTEemp, Cooper Power Fluid Systems. Examples of synthetic esters include polyol esters. Commercially available synthetic esters which can be used as part of the invention include those sold under the trade names N:IDEL
713. (The Micanite and Insulators Co., Manchester UK), REOLEC 138 (FMC, Manchester, UK) and ENVIROTEMP 200(Cooper Power Fluid Systems). In some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises at least 850 of the triglyceride composition of the invention. Tr. some preferred embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises at least 950 of the triglyceride composition of the invention.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, high oleic acid content oils are used as starting materials for the production of an oil composition which has physical properties useful for electrical insulation fluids. The high oleic acid content oils are combined with a preferred combination of antioxidant and metal deactivating additives to provide electrical insulation fluids. Some preferred embodiments of the ~_ __ __.._. .. __~ ~- ~.
present invention relates to such electrical insulation fluids, to electrical apparatuses which comprise the electrical insulation fluids and methods of insulating electrical apparatuses using such fluids.
In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid of the invention that comprises at least 75 percent triglyceride composition of the invention as described above further comprises about 0.1-5% additives, including preferably 0.5-2.0% combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator, and then up to about 24.50 other insulating fluids such as mineral oil, synthetic esters, and synthetic hydrocarbons.
In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises 1-24% of insulating fluids selected from the group ~5 consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation fluid comprises 3-200 of insulating fluids selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation.
fluid comprises 5-150 of insulating fluids selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combination of two or more of such materials.
The present invention relates to an electrical apparatus which comprises the electrical insulation fluid of the invention. The electrical apparatus may be an electrical transformer, an electrical capacitor or an electrical power cable. U.S. Patent Number 4,082,866, U.S.
Patent Number 4,206,066, U.S. Patent Number 4,621,302, U.S.
Patent Number 5,017,733, U.S. Patent Number 5,250,750, and U.S. Patent Number 5,336,847, which are referred to aboveo applications of electrical insulation fluids for which the electrical insulation fluid of the invention may be used. In addition, U.S. Patent Number 4,993,141 issued February 19, Trademarks WO 98131021 PC'T/LJS98100242 1991 to Grimes et al., U.S. Patent Number 4,890,086 issued December 26, 1989 to Hill, U.S. Patent Number 5,025,949 issued June 25, 1991 to Adkins et al., U.S. Patent Number 4,972,168 issued November 20, 1990 to Grimes et al., U.S.
S Patent Number 4,126,844, and U.S. Patent Number 4,307,364 issued December 22, 1981 to Lanoue et al., contain descriptions of various electrical apparatuses in which the electrical insulation fluid of the invention may be used. In some preferred embodiments, the electrical apparatus of the invention is a transformer, in particular, a power transformer or a distribution transformer.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 Several high oleic oils were further purified and stabilized according to the present invention to make them electrically suitable. Electrical tests showed that such purified oils had properties similar to currently used high temperature fluids in distribution transformers. Table 1 compares the properties of the purified oils of the present invention with currently used fluids.
Table 1 Comparison of Purified Vegetable Oils with High Temperature Fluids Used in Transformers High Oleic High Temp. Synthetic Veg. Oil Mineral Oila Ester Fluidb Dielectric 42.4 40-45 50 Strength, KV/100 mil gap Dissipation 0.02 0.01 0.1 Factor, o at 25oC
Neutr. No. mg 0.05 - 0.03 KOH/g Electrical 0.25-1.0 (0.1 0 10)* (5.0)*
Conductivity pS/m, 25~C
',5 Flash Point 328oC 275-300oC 257oC
dour Point -28oC -24oC -480 " ttw~;emp, C.:OOper YOwer rlulu 5y5~cm5 '' Polyol Esters (such as MIDEL 7131 and REOLEC 138) * deduced from resistivity The properties listed for the high oleic oil are for purified oils with no additives.
Example 2 The purification of the as received oil designated RBD oil (refined, bleached and deodorized) is necessary because trace polar compounds and acidic materials still remain in the oil, ma~ing it unfit as an electrical fluid.
The purification we attempted involved clay treatment as follows: approximately 1 gal. o' the RBD oil was treated with 10% Attapulgite clay. Oil was produced with electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m. The attapulgite treated oil showed conductivities as low as 0.25 pS/m. Commercial grade oils had conductivities in the range of 1.5 to 125 pS/m. Conductivity below 1 pS/m (or resistivity above 101"
ohm. cm) is desired for electrical grade oil. Other indicators of purity are dissipation factor and neutralization number (acid number). Dissipation factor is a measure of electrical losses due to conduction caused by conducting species, usually organometallic trace components, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) and should be below 0.05% at room temperature. The clay treated oils had dissipation factor of 0.02%. Untreated RBD
oils had DF ranging from 0.060 to 2.0%. 4~lith a finer grade of clay, the same results could be achieved with only 20 of clay. A filter separator was preferred to a filter column.
Example 3 Oxidation stability tests were conducted on treated and untreated oil samples using ASTM and AOCS
methods. The untreated and treated RBD oils failed the l0 tests. Oxidation inhibitors were added to the oils and the tests were repeated. Several oxidation inhibitors were tested: BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene, BHA (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole) and TBHQ (mono-Tertiary Butyl Hydro Quinone) in 0.2o by weight in oil. In the ROCS method used (Cd i2.57) 100 ml samples are bubbled with air at 100C, and the peroxide formation was measured at several time intervals. Hours to reach 100 meq of peroxide were noted.
Since copper is always present in the electrical en~~ironment, all oil samples had copper wire placed in them.
4~:« h no additive, the time to reach the limit was 18 hours;
kw:t: additive (0.20) , the times were 100 hours for BHT +
BHF,. With TBHQ, even after 400 hours, the peroxide value reached only 8.4 meq. TBHQ proved to be the best antioxidant of the three. Without an oxidation inhibitor the oils upon oxidation would produce hydroperoxide which is then converted to acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones and polymer structures. Most electrical apparatus that use a fluid insulation operate in low oxygen or oxygen-free environment, so the concern over oxidation is not 30 great.
Example 4 The pour point of the treated oil was typically -25oC. To lower the pour point further, the treated oils were winterized at 50, Oo and -l2oC for several hours, and 35 the solids that separated were filtered with diatomaceous _ ..._- ~___._r _ . ~.___ __ . .
WO 98/31021 PCT/US981002~i2 earth. The lowest pour point reached so far was -38oC, close to the specified value of -40oC for transformer oil.
Further lowering is possible by extended winterization.
Another approach is by the use of pour point depressants such as PMA (polymethacrylate) which has been used for mineral oil.
Example 5 A laboratory oxidation stability test was conducted using the OSI (Oil Stability Index) Method, ROCS
Cd 12b-92. The additives were used in a 1:3:1 ratio at several concentrations in both the high oleic vegetable oil and in regular mineral oil used in transformers. In the OSI
method, 50 ml of the oil is taken in a conductivity cell, and is placed in a bath kept at 110"C. Air is bubbled through it at 2.5 ml/min. The effluent air containing the volatile fatty acids is passed through a vessel containing deionized water. The conductivity of the water is monitored as a function of time. When the antioxidant is consumed, a sudden rise in conductivity is observed. This taken as the end point. The number of hours is noted as the OSI value at 110 C. It is usual to convert these values to a 97.8 C OSI
value to correspond to the temperature used in another oil stability test, the AOM (Active Oxygen Method), A.O.C.S Cd 12-57.
Table 2 summarizes the test results:
Table 2 OSI Values in Hours for Various Oils OSI, OSI, AOM, 110C 97.8C 97.8C
High Oleic Veg. oil 1.3 3.0 3.1 with Cu Same, with 0.2% TBHQ 13.5 31.3 32.6 Same, with 0.2% CIBA 79.7 185.2 192.8 Same, with 0.5% CIBA 226 526 548 Transformer oil 162 377 392 (mineral oil) + Cu High Temp. Mineral 137 1315 1 328 Oil -~ Cu Compositions which comprise the additives at 0.5%
concentration in oil is as effective as regular transformer oil, and more effective that the high temperature mineral oil used in some transformers. Another superiority of the combination of additives is that the oil conductivity at 0.5% concentration below 2 pS/m, compared to 4.5 pS/m for oil with 0.2o TBHQ.
Example 6 Mixing the composition with other fluids can result in the lowering of pour point. For example, the electrical insulation fluid was mixed with regular mineral oil (pour point of -50°C or below)and at a 5o concentration in the mixture (i.e. final electrical insulator fluid includes 5% mineral oil), the pour point was reduced to -40"C. In another embodiment, the electrical insulation f~~uid was mixed with the synthetic ester Reolec 138 and at a 10~
concentration in the mixture (i.e. final electrical insulator fluid includes loo synthetic ester), the pour point was lowered to -42°C. The above fluid may, for example, be mixed with regular mineral oil.
-..._.~ T _... .__ ._ ..... . . 1.
Claims (44)
1. A high oleic acid triglyceride composition comprising fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid less than 10% diunsaturated fatty acid component C16-C22;
less than 3% triunsaturated fatty acid C16-C22 component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid component C16-C22; and wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of:
a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25°C
acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25°C
a flash point of at least 250°C and a pour point of at least -15°C.
less than 3% triunsaturated fatty acid C16-C22 component; and less than 8% saturated fatty acid component C16-C22; and wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of:
a dielectric strength of at least 35 KV/100 mil gap a dissipation factor of less than 0.05% at 25°C
acidity of less than 0.03 mg KOH/g electrical conductivity of less than 1 pS/m at 25°C
a flash point of at least 250°C and a pour point of at least -15°C.
2. The high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 1 comprising fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid less than 10% linoleic acid less than 3% linolenic acid less than 4% stearic acid, and less than 4% palmitic acid.
3. The high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 2 wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of:
a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25°C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25°C, a flash point of at least 300°C, and a pour point of at least -20°C.
a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25°C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25°C, a flash point of at least 300°C, and a pour point of at least -20°C.
4. The high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 3 wherein said composition is further characterized by a pour point of at least -40°C.
5. The high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 1 comprising fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid less than 10% linoleic acid less than 3% linolenic acid less than 4% stearic acid, and less than 4% palmitic acid wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of:
a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25°C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25°C, a flash point of at least 300°C, and a pour point of at least -20°C.
a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25°C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25°C, a flash point of at least 300°C, and a pour point of at least -20°C.
6. The high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 5 wherein said composition is further characterized by a pour point of at least -40°C.
7. An electrical insulation fluid comprising:
at least 75% of the high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 1 0.1-3% antioxidant additive.
at least 75% of the high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 1 0.1-3% antioxidant additive.
8. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 wherein said antioxidant additive is selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxy toluene, butylated hydroxy anisole and mono-tertiary butyl hydro quinone.
9. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 wherein said antioxidant additive is mono-tetra hydro quinone.
10. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 9 comprising up to 2% mono-tetra hydro quinone.
11. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 comprising at least 94% of the high oleic acid triglyceride composition.
12. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 further comprising a pour point depressant additive.
13. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 12 wherein said pour point depressant is polymethacrylate.
14. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 further comprising a copper deactivator additive, said electrical insulation fluid comprising less than 1% of said copper deactivator.
15. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 wherein said copper deactivator is a benzotriazole derivative.
16. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 further comprising up to 25% of mineral oil, synthetic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons and combinations thereof.
17. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 16 comprising 3-20% mineral oil, synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
18. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 17 comprising 5-15% mineral oil, synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
19. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 18 comprising 5-15% synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
20. An electrical apparatus comprising the electrical insulation fluid of claim 7.
21. The electrical apparatus of claim 20 wherein said apparatus is an electrical transformer, an electrical capacitor or an electrical power cable.
22. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 7 comprising 0.2-2.0% of a combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator, said combination having a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to 2-4 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator
23. The electrical insulation. fluid of claim 22 wherein said electrical insulation fluid is further characterized by a pour point of at least -40°C.
24. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 22 comprising 0.5-1.0% of said combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
25. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 24 wherein said combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator has a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to about 3 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
26. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 22 wherein said combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator has a ratio of about 1 part IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant to about 3 parts IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant to about 1 part IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
27. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 22 comprising about 0.50 of said combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
28. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 27 comprising fatty acid components of at least 75% oleic acid less than 10%linoleic acid less than 30 linolenic acid less than 4% stearic acid, and less than 4% palmitic acid wherein said composition is further characterized by the properties of:
a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25°C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25°C, a flash point of at least 300°C, and a pour point of at least -20°C.
a dielectric strength of at least 40 KV/100 mil gap, a dissipation factor of less than 0.02% at 25°C, acidity of less than 0.02 mg KOH/g, electrical conductivity of less than .25 pS/m at 25°C, a flash point of at least 300°C, and a pour point of at least -20°C.
29. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 28 wherein said composition is further characterized by a pour point of at least -40°C.
30. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 28 comprising at least 94% of the high oleic acid triglyceride composition.
31. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 30 further comprising a pour point depressant additive.
32. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 31 wherein said pour point depressant is polymethacrylate.
33. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 22 comprising about 0.50 of said combination of IRGANOX L-57 antioxidant, IRGANOX L-109 antioxidant and IRGAMET-30 metal deactivator.
34. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 22 further comprising a pour point depressant additive.
35. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 34 wherein said pour point depressant is polymethacrylate.
36. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 22 further comprising 1-24% mineral oil, synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
37. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 36 comprising 3-30% mineral oil, synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
38. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 37 comprising 5-15% mineral oil, synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
39. The electrical insulation fluid of claim 38 comprising 5-15% synthetic esters and/or synthetic hydrocarbons.
40. An electrical apparatus comprising the electrical insulation fluid of claim 22.
41. The electrical apparatus of claim 40 wherein said apparatus is an electrical transformer, an electrical capacitor or an electrical power cable.
42. An electrical apparatus comprising the electrical insulation fluid of claim 28.
43. A process for preparing the high oleic acid triglyceride composition of claim 1 comprising the steps of:
mixing 10 parts refined, bleached and deodorized high oleic acid triglyceride with 1 part or less by weight neutral clay to form a mixture maintaining said mixture for at least about 20 minutes, and filtering said mixture to remove said clay.
mixing 10 parts refined, bleached and deodorized high oleic acid triglyceride with 1 part or less by weight neutral clay to form a mixture maintaining said mixture for at least about 20 minutes, and filtering said mixture to remove said clay.
44. The process of claim 43 wherein said clay is 30/60 mesh size clay.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/778,608 US5949017A (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1997-01-06 | Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions |
| US08/778,608 | 1997-01-06 | ||
| PCT/US1998/000242 WO1998031021A1 (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1998-01-05 | High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and devices containing the fluids |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2276406A1 CA2276406A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
| CA2276406C true CA2276406C (en) | 2002-04-09 |
Family
ID=25113893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002276406A Expired - Fee Related CA2276406C (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1998-01-05 | High oleic acid electrical insulation fluids and devices containing the fluids |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US5949017A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0950249B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001508587A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU727832B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2276406C (en) |
| CO (1) | CO5050272A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69815811T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2202804T3 (en) |
| PE (1) | PE39899A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998031021A1 (en) |
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-
1998
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- 1998-01-05 CA CA002276406A patent/CA2276406C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-05 ES ES98902772T patent/ES2202804T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 AU AU59583/98A patent/AU727832B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-01-05 EP EP98902772A patent/EP0950249B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 DE DE69815811T patent/DE69815811T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-05 WO PCT/US1998/000242 patent/WO1998031021A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-06 PE PE1998000012A patent/PE39899A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-01-06 CO CO98000240A patent/CO5050272A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-05-28 US US09/321,653 patent/US6274067B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-08-10 US US09/928,000 patent/US6645404B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
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-
2004
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| EP0950249A1 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
| JP2001508587A (en) | 2001-06-26 |
| AU5958398A (en) | 1998-08-03 |
| ES2202804T3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| DE69815811T2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| EP0950249B1 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
| US7048875B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 |
| US20060030499A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
| EP0950249A4 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
| AU727832B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
| US20020027219A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
| US5949017A (en) | 1999-09-07 |
| US20040089855A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| PE39899A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 |
| CA2276406A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
| US6645404B2 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
| CO5050272A1 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
| US6274067B1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
| DE69815811D1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| WO1998031021A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
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