CA2276701C

CA2276701C - Dishwashing method and detergent composition therefor

Info

Publication number: CA2276701C
Application number: CA002276701A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Nir Avram
Original assignee: Deeay Technologies Ltd
Current assignee: Deeay Technologies Ltd
Priority date: 1997-01-06
Filing date: 1997-12-31
Publication date: 2007-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 2017-12-31
Also published as: AU5338298A; AU735790B2; NO993296L; WO1998030673A1; IL130753A0; CA2276701A1; NO993296D0; US5879469A; EP0958348A1; IL130753A; JP2001508101A

Abstract

A dishwashing method is disclosed wherein two detergent compositions, one being alkalinic and the other acidic are applied in sequence onto the dishes. The liquid compositions are applied onto the dishe s directly without or with only a moderate dilution such that once applied onto the dishes they input respective alkalinic and acid pH's o n the surface of the dishes.

Description

DISHWASHING METHOI) AND DETERGENT
COMPOSITION THEREFOR
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally in the field of dishwashers and relates to a detergent system comprising two different types of detergents which are used in different sequences of the dishwashing cycle. Further provided are a s method of automatic dishwashing making use of such detergents and a composition which may be used as such a dEaergent.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
Dishwashers are widely used both domestically as well as in mass io eating places, e.g. restaurants. In such systems, a detergent. which may be a dry detergent, e.g. supplied as a powder, or a liquid detergent is applied onto the dishes at predetermined parts of the washing cycle. In certain dishwashers a combination of detergents is used.
Detergents can have an acidic pH or an alkalinic pH. There are t s advantages in using detergents giving rise to a high pH when being in solution, as well as such giving rise to a low pH. 1J.S. Patent 5,338,474 (Fitch et al.) discloses a powdered automatic dishwashing detergent composition which, once in solution imparts on the solution a pH of 8-13, preferably 9-12. The composition of Fitch et al. is specifically suitable for removal of carbonoid stains 2o from plastic ware. A composition having an alkalinic pH is also disclosed in International (PCT) Patent Application, WO 96/I7047. An acidic detergent is .2.
disclosed in PCT Publication 4d0 96/15215. The detergent of this patent has a pH lower than 2, and is useful in the food industry.
SIfPvIMARY OF THE INVENTION
s The present invention has as its object the provision of a novel dishwashing method. It is particularly an object of the invention to provide such a method wherein the washed dishes are rapidly disinfected.
It is another object of the invention to provide detergent compositions and a detergent system useful in the above method.
1 o The present method provides, by a first of its aspects, a dishwashing method comprising:
(a) rinsing with water, (b) applying, a first liquid detergent composition onto the dishes, (c) rinsing with water, is (d) applying a second liquid detergent composition onto the dishes, and (e) rinsing with water;

one of the first and second detergent compositions having an alkalinic pH
(alkalinic detergent composition) and the other of the detergent compositions having an acidic pH (acidic detergent composition); the liquid detergent 2o compositions being applied onto the dishes without dilution or after being only moderately diluted with water such that once applied onto the dishes they impart respective acidic and alkalinic pH's on the surfaces of the dishes.
In accordance with another of its aspects, the present invention provides a detergent composition for use in the above method. Also provided is a 2s detergent system, comprising detergent compositions having an alkalinic pH
and a detergent composition having an acidic pH.
In the following description, the detergent composition having an alkalinic pH will be referred to herein as "alkalinic detergent composition"; the liquid detergent composition having an acidic pH will be referred to herein as "acidic deteYgeni composition". The term "dishes'; as used herein means to denote alI types of items which may be washed in a dishwasher, e.g. dishes, cooking utensils, cutlery, cups, mugs, etc.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the s allcalinic detergent composition has a high alkalinity. Preferably, the detergent compositions are applied onto the surface of dishes without prior dilution with water.
The alkalinic detergent composition has preferably a pH above about 11; the acidic detergent has preferably a pH below about 4. More 1o preferred are alkalinic and acidic detergent compositions having a pH below ,.
about 3 and above about 13, respectively; such which give respective pH's of above about 14 and below about 2, are particularly preferred.
The alkalinity of the alkalinic detergent composition and the acidity .
of the acidic detergent composition are preferably to a degree to achieve a high ~ s allcalinity and high acidity on the dishes, respectively. The free alkali level in the alkalinic detergent composition is thus preferably within the range of about 50-260 mg KOH/gr; the free acid in the acidic detergent composition is thus preferably within the range of about 25-100 mg KOH/gr.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 2o application of the alkalinic detergent composition precedes that of the acidic detergent composition; in other words, the detergent composition applied in step {b) above is the allcalinic detergent composition, whereas the detergent composition applied in step (d) is the acidic detergent composition. However, as one may appreciate, a method wherein the order of application of the detergent 2s compositions is reversed, i.e. the application of the acidic detergent composition is in step (b) and that the allcalinic detergent composition in step (d), is also conceivable and accordingly within the scope of the invention.
In addition, as one may also appreciate, additional steps of detergent application and rinsing may be added to the above washing sequence.

WO 98/30673 PCT/I1,97/00443 One feature of a dishwashing method utilizing both an alkalinic detergent composition and an acidic detergent composition, each one being applied in a different step of the washing sequence, is that thereby the detergent system is capable of rapidly cleaning a wide variety of different stains. In addition, the exposure of the surfaces of the dishes to two high and opposite pH's, allows effective disinfection of the dishes (microorganisms are usually sensitive and are destroyed by exposure to either an acidic pH or an alkalinic pH, and the effective exposure of the surfaces of the dishes to these two opposite pH's, kills most types of microorganisms which can be found on such dishes). The 1 o antiseptic properties of the detergent system may be improved by adding antimicrobial agents to one or both of the detergent compositions, particularly to the allcalinic detergent composition.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is a rapid switching, within a few second, between the first detergent composition t s ~d the second detergent composition. Without the following explanation being regarded as limiting, it is believed that such a rapid switching gives rise to a pH
shock to microorganisms which may be contained on the dishes, and such a shock by itself has a very strong disinfecting affect.
The detergent compositions are preferably a priori in a liquid form.
2o Alternatively, the detergent composition is provided a priori in the form of a solid composition of matter and the liquid detergent composition is then formed by passing water, on the solid composition of matter. Still in the alternative, the detergent compositions may be provided a priori stored as a dry particulate matter (e.g. powder) and the liquid detergent is then formed by mixing with water 2s prior to use. The liquid detergent compositions are preferably applied on the dishes through spraying nozzles. The spraying nozzles may be stationary nozzles scattered throughout the washing chamber of an automatic washing machine or may be nozzles exposed on a moveable, e.g. rotational, arm. Typically, in order to allow rapid switching from one detergent composition to the other and from a WO 98/30673 PCT/8.97/00443 detergent composition to rinsing water, each. one of these liquids, i.e. the alkalinic detergent composition, the acidic detergent composition and water, are each sprayed on the dishes through separate nozzles. A dishwasher useful for carrying out the method is disclosed in WO 95/24148,.
s In the following, concentrations of ingredients will be given as "%"
(w/w) meaning the number of weight units of ingredients in 100 weight units of composition.
Exemplary ranges of ingredients in the allcalinic detergent and in the acidic detergent, are shown in Tables I and II, respectively:
~o Table I
(Alkalinic Detergent Composition) Ingredient % (w/w) Complexing agent 0.5 - 5.0 Inorganic alkali 5.0 - 20.0 Organic Cosolvent 1.0 - 10.0 Amphotsurfactant 2.0 - 14.0 Antibacterial agent 0.01 - 2.0 Demineralized water up to 100 Total 100.0 is WO 98/30673 PCT/8.97/00443 Table II
(Acidic Detergent Composition) Ingredient % (w/w) Organic acid 2.0 - I5.0 Organic Cosolvent 1.0 - 10.0 Alcohol 1.0 - 10.0 Acidic surfactant 0.5 - 5.0 Demineralized water up to 100 i Total 100.0 Examples of ingredients used in the aIkalinic detergent composi-tion are the following:
Complexing agent - EDTA (e.g. mono sodium, desodium and tetra 1 o sodium salts) NTA, polyacrylates, phosphonates;
Inorganic alkali - NaOH, KOH;
Organic Cosolvent - Glycol type cosolvent such as butyl glycol and propyl glycol, ethyl ether;
Amphoteric surfactant - Cocoamphocarboxyglyconate, coco 1 s amphocarboxypropionate, capric/
caprylicamphoacetate;
Antibacterial agent - Glycin n-(3-aminopropyl)-C 10-16 alkyl, triclosane, benzalkonium, chlorohexidine, gluconate;
Demineralized water - Distilled water, soft water (water from which 2o divalent salts have been removed).
Examples of ingredients used in the acidic detergent composition are the following:
Organic acid - Citric acid, phosphoric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid;
2s Organic Cosolvents - Glycol type cosolvent such as butyl glycol and propyl WO 98/30673 PCT/a,97/00443 glycol, ethyl ether;
Alcohol - Isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, isobutyI alcohol:;
Acid surfactant - Polyoxyethylen~e alkylphosphate ester, s dodecylbenzene,, sulfonic acid;
Demineralized water - Distilled water, soft water (water from which divalent salts have been removed).
The detergent composition is a priori colorless and typically, a coloring agent is added, usually a different coloring agents to the alkalinic and to t o the acidic detergent compositions.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.
EXAMPLES
is Example 1 Preparation of an Alkalinic lDetergent Composition An alkalinic detergent composition of the invention may be prepared by the following preparation procedure:
(a) A soft (demineralized) water is added to a prewashed vessel. The vessel is agitated at a moderate speed and is continuously cooled.
20 (b) EDTA powder is added and the solution is agitated until it becomes completely clear.
(c) Addition of potassium hydroxide, typically in the form of an aqueous, highly concentrated solution of KOH, e.g 48% solution. The tempera-ture is controlled such that it does not exceed about 15°C above room 25 temperature.
(d) Addition of propyl glycol methyl ether (PGME).
(e) Addition of an amphoteric surfactant, typically a low foam amphocarboxylate. The solution should then be agitated in a manner so as to avoid foam formation.

.$.
(f) Optional addition of an antibacterial agent, e.g. a betaine derivative.
(g) Addition of a color solution (optional).
(h) The solution is further agitated for an additional period of time, e.g.
15 minutes.
As will be appreciated the order of some of the steps may be altered. Fox example, the substances added in steps (c)-(g) may be added in a different order. Furthermore, it is possible also to add the various ingredients all at once, namely, combine steps (c)-(g), into one step.
to A typical formulation of an allcalinic detergent composition is shown in.the following Table III.
Table III
Ingredient % (w/w) ~ Demineralized water 55.3 Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) 3.0 - alkaline 48% Potassium Hydroxide solution 29.2 1-Methoxy-2-propanol 5 .0 Mixed C8 amphocarboxylates 7.0 Glycin n-(3-aminopropyl~C 10-16 alkyl ~ 0.5 FD&C Yellow 5 Q.S~

Total 100.0 Q.S. = Quantity sufficient A composition having the ingredients shown in Table III has the characteristics shown in the following Table IV:

WO 98/30673 PCT/n..97/00443 .g.
IV Table Appearance Low viscous yellowish liquid Density 1.08 - 1.16 gr/cm3 m.p. < -5C

Free Alkali 140 - 160 mg KOH/gr p.H. > 14.0 Example 2 Preparation of an Acidic Detergent Composition An acidic detergent composition in accordance with the invention may be prepared as follows:
(a) A soft (demineralized) water is added to a prewashed vessel. The vessel is agitated at a moderate speed a:nd is continuously cooled to about 10-1 S °C above room temperature.
to (b) Citric acid powder is added .and the solution is agitated until the solution becomes completely clear.
(c) Addition of PGME.
(d) Addition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (e) Addition of phosphate ester surfactant. The solution should be ~ s agitated in a manner to avoid foam formation.
(f) Addition of a color solution.
(g) Mixing for additional period of time, e.g. 1 S minutes.
As will be appreciated the order of some of the steps may be altered. For example, the substances added in steps (c)-(g) may be added in a 2o different order. Furthermore, it is possible ;also to add the various ingredients all at once, namely, combine steps (c)-(g), into one step.
An exemplary acidic detergent composition in accordance with the invention prepared as above comprises ingredients as shown in the following Table V:

.10-Table V
Ingredient % (w/w) l Demineralized water 88.3 Citric acid 6.0 1-Methoxy-2-propanol Z.0 2-Hydroxy propane 2.5 Polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphate ester 0.7 acid form FD&C Yellow 5 Q.S

FD&C Blue 1 Q.S

100.0 The composition as shown in Table V has characteristics as shown in the following Table VI:
Table VI
Appearance Low viscous greenish liquid I~ Density 0.97 - 1.03 grlcm3 rn.p. < -5C

Free Acid 45 - 55 mg KOHIgr p.H. < 1.5 to Example 3 Disinfectant activity of the Detergent System A microbial test was performed in order to evaluate the disinfectant activity of a detergent system consisting of Tables I and I I .
The test was performed as follows:
IS Pasteurized milk was tested for the presence of Bacillus cereur.
No Bacillus cereus was found in the milk solution. The pasteurized milk was then inoculated with (1,000,000 - 10,000,000 cells/ml) Bacill~cs cerezr~.
Non-inoculated milk served as control.

At first, both the contaminated milk, and the uncontaminated (non-inoculated) one were enumerated using spread plate method on Standard Plate Count agar.
Each of four coffee mugs was filled with 100 ml of the control s milk. Then, another six coffee mugs were filled with 100 ml of the contaminated milk. All the coffee mugs were covered and remained untouched at room temperature for 24 hours. At the end of the 24 hr period, the milk solution was discarded from all mugs.
The bacteria in each of the mugs were enumerated by rubbing a i o sterile cotton swab over the entire surface of the mugs. The swab was then placed into a test tube containing 5 ml sterile phosphate buffered saline followed by vigorously mixing on a vortex. A sample from each test tube was taken to enumerate the bacteria, using a spread plate method.
Two mugs incubated with the control mills and three mugs ~s incubated with the contaminated milk were put through a short wash cycle using the Fresh Cups' .dishwasher (manufactured by Deeay Technologies, Israel, disclosed in PCT Publication WO 95/24148). The wash cycle consisting of the following steps:
(i) spraying water on the cups;
20 (ii) spraying an alkalinic detergent composition of Table I on to the cups allowing the detergent composition to remain on the cups for 15 seconds;
(iii) rinsing with water;
(iv) spraying the acidic detergent composition of Table I I and al lowing the detergent composition to remain on the cups for 3 seconds; and 2s (v) rinsing again with water to remove the detergent.
Two other mugs incubated with the control milk and three other mugs incubated with the contaminated milk were put through a long cycle of the Fresh Cup*. The long cycle had similar steps to the short cycle as specified above, with a longer incubation period of about 4-~ seconds ~viTl: eac'~ of th *Trade-mark 3 PCT/a,97/00443 detergent compositions (steps (ii) and (iv)).
Enumerating the bacteria in each of the mugs was carried out in the same way as described above.
s Results After the milk was discarded from the mugs, Bacillus cereus in an amount exceeding 1,000,000 cells/ml were found in the inner surface of the mugs incubated with the contaminated milk. No measurable B. cereus count was found in the cups incubated with the controlmilk.
t o After both the short and the long wash cycle the mugs came out free from bacteria.
Example 4 Disinfecting activity of the Alkalinic Detergent Composition i s The effect of the alkalinic detergent composition was tested by way of determining the resistance of a variety of bacteria and yeasts to said detergent.
The tested microorganisms were:
Bacteria: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Streptococcus faecalis 2o Proteus vulgaris Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus viridans Salmonella enteritidis G-C
2s Yeasts: Candida albicans Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Test Procedure 30 1. Microorganisms were suspended separately in a phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.2, to a level of about 1,000,000 units/40 microliter.
2. A pair of test tubes were prepared for each microorganism, one containing 4.5 ml buffer (for positive control) and the second with 4.5 mI. of the alkalinic detergent composition of Table III ("test solutions").
3. Aliquots of 40 microliter of each suspension were added to each pair of test tubes, and mixed well. 100 microliter were withdrawn from each test s tube, 5 to 8 seconds after muting and immediately poured into petri dishes with the adequate selective medium for each microorganism after which the plates were incubated.

4. The procedure set forth in clause 3 was repeated, but instead of withdrawal after 5-8 seconds, 100 microliters of mixture were withdrawn 30 ~o seconds after mixing and then poured into petri dishes.

5. At the end of incubation each plate was e,Yamined for the presence of colonies.
Results Contact time sec. sec.

Test Control Test Control a as Pseudomonas aeruginosa - + - +

'I Staphylococcus aureus - + - +

Streptococcus faecalis - + - +

Streptococcus viridans - + - +

Proteus vulgaris - + - +

Salmonella enteritidis - + - +

Candida albicans - + - +

Saccharomyces cerevisiae - + - +

* Number of colonies less than 10 per ml.
* * Number of colonies too numerous to count (TNT) is Independent on the contact time between the microorganisms and 2o the tested solution, in all cases microorganism growth was observed only in the control test tube, while in all test cases, when the detergent salution was prese:~t no bacterial growth was observed.
Example 5 Disinfecting effect of the Detergent System (Total Bacterial Count}
s Ceramic drinking cups were contaminated by a mouth of an individual. A sample, similarly as in Example 3, was taken from each cup prior to and following washing by a dishwasher, operating with a washing cycle as described in Example 3 (Fresh Cup ).
to The bacterial growth was tested similarly as described in Example 4 after different treatments including:
1. long washing cycle at room temperature;
2. long washing cycle with warm water (55°C);
3. long washing cycle with warm water with the addition of an t s anti-bacterial agent;
4. long washing cycle at room temperature with the addition of an anti-bacterial agent.
Results 2o In all tests, where there was a very massive growth of bacteria prior to washing, no growth of bacteria was observed after washing.
Example 6 Disinfecting effect of the Detergent System (Total Bacterial Count) 2s Coffee with mills was prepared in a plurality of cups and then after individuals were allowed to drink their content. The empty cups were maintained unwashed for 48 hours. After 48 hours a bacterial count was obtained, in a similar manner to that described in Examples 4 and 5, for each of the following 3o four groups of cups:
1. control - untreated cups;

WO 98/30673 PCT/8.97/00443 -15~
2. cups washed by the long washing cycle of the Fresh Cup dishwasher;
3. cups washed by the short washing cycle of the Fresh Cup dishwasher;
4. cups washed with a standard, already used, sponge intended for washing cups.
s The bacterial count of the cups of each group was obtained immediately after washing, without allowin~; the cups first to dry.
Results The bacterial count obtained in each of the above groups, had the to following results:
Group 1 - 10''-106 colonies/ml;
Groups 2 and 3 - less than 10 colonies/ml;
Group 4 - Tine bacterial count increased to more than 10' colonies/ml.
I s The increase in the bacterial count after washing with a standard sponge (Group 4) is a result of the fact tl:~at such sponges, which during use absorb food and other organic substances, ;provide a rich bed for the growth of bacteria which then contaminate the cups. The comparison of Groups 2 and 3 with Group 1 proves the high disinfecting potency of the detergent system of the 2o invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A dishwashing method comprising:
(a) rinsing dishes with water, (b) applying a first liquid detergent composition onto the dishes, (c) rinsing the dishes with water, (d) applying a second liquid detergent composition onto the dishes, and (e) rinsing the dishes with water;
wherein one of the first and second detergent compositions is an alkaline detergent composition having an alkaline pH
above 11 and the other is an acidic detergent composition having an acidic pH below 4;
the liquid detergent compositions are applied onto the dishes without dilution or after being only moderately diluted with water such that once applied onto the dishes, the detergents impart respective acidic and alkaline pH's on surfaces of the dishes.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first liquid detergent composition is the alkalinic detergent composition and the second liquid detergent composition is the acidic detergent composition.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkalinic detergent composition has a pH above 14 and the acidic detergent composition has a pH below 2.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkalinic detergent composition has an alkali level within the range of about 50-260 mg KOH/gr and the acidic detergent composition has a level of a free acid within the range of about 20-100 mg KOH/gr.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first liquid detergent composition and the second liquid detergent composition are applied directly onto the dishes without prior dilution with water.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alkaline detergent composition comprises the following ingredients, in % (w/w):
about 0.5-5% of a complexing agent;
about 5-20% of an inorganic alkali;
about 1-10% of an organic cosolvent;
about 2-14% of an amphoteric surfactant;
about 0.01-2% of an antibacterial agent; and demineralized water to complete to 100%.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
the complexing agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of EDTA, NTA, polyacrylates, and phosphonates;
the inorganic alkali is at least one member selected from the group consisting of NaOH and KOH;
the organic cosolvent is a glycol cosolvent; and the antibacterial agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycin n- (3-aminopropyl) -C10-16 alkyl, triclosane, benzalkonium, chlorohexidine and gluconate.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the acidic detergent composition comprises the following ingredients in % (w/w):
about 2-15% of an organic acid;
about 1-10% of an organic cosolvent;
about 1-10% an alcohol; and about 0.5-5% of an acidic surfactant; and demineralized water to complete to 100%.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein:
the organic acid is at least one member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, glycolic acid and lactic acid;
the organic cosolvent is a glycol cosolvent;
the alcohol is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol; and the anionic surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkylphosphate ester and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid.

10. A detergent system for use in a dishwashing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein:
the alkalinic detergent composition comprises, in % (w/w):
about 0.5-5% of a complexing agent;

about 5-20% of an inorganic alkali;
about 1-10% of an organic cosolvent;
about 2-14% of an amphoteric surfactant;
about 0.01-2% of an antibacterial agent; and demineralized water to complete to 100%; and the acidic detergent composition comprises, in % (w/w):
about 2-15% of an organic acid; about 1-10% of an organic cosolvent;
about 1-10% an alcohol;
about 0.5-5% of an acidic surfactant; and demineralized water to complete to 100%.

11. The detergent system according to claim 10, wherein in alkalinic detergent composition, the complexing agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of EDTA, NTA, polyacrylates and phosphonates;
the inorganic alkali is at least one member selected from the group consisting of NaOH and KOH;
the organic cosolvent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of butyl glycol, propyl glycol and ethyl ether;
the amphoteric surfactant is at least one member selected from the group consisting of cocoamphocarboxyglyconate, cocoamphocarboxypropionate, and capriclcaprylcamphoacetate;

the antibacterial agent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of glycin n- (3-aminopropyl) -C10-16 alkyl, triclosane, benzalkonium, chlorohexidine and gluconate; and wherein in the acidic detergent composition, the organic acid is at least one member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, glycolic acid and lactic acid;
the organic cosolvent is at least one member selected from the group consisting of butyl glycol, propyl glycol and ethyl ether;
the alcohol is at least one member selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol; and the acidic surfactant is at best one member selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkylphosphate ester and dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.