CA2280846A1 - Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste - Google Patents
Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2280846A1 CA2280846A1 CA002280846A CA2280846A CA2280846A1 CA 2280846 A1 CA2280846 A1 CA 2280846A1 CA 002280846 A CA002280846 A CA 002280846A CA 2280846 A CA2280846 A CA 2280846A CA 2280846 A1 CA2280846 A1 CA 2280846A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- litter
- animal litter
- animal
- cohesiveness agent
- grain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
Abstract
A grain-based animal litter is disclosed. In accordance with the invention, the animal litter comprises discrete plural particles of a grain-based substrate, which particles tend to agglomerate into clumps when wetted. The litter of the invention absorbs liquids such as animal excretions, and substantially reduces the odor thereof. Preferably, the substrate is a grain germ; more preferably, the substrate is a corn germ; most preferably, the substrate is washed, spent grain germ. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the grain germ is provided in the form of discrete plural granules, each of which granules includes a cohesiveness agent in an amount sufficient to enhance to cohesiveness of the granule.
Claims (86)
1. An animal litter in the form of discrete plural particles, each of said particles comprising spent grain germ, said particles tending to agglomerate when wetted and said litter substantially reducing odors of animal urine.
2. The animal litter of claim 1, said litter tending to remain substantially free of ammonia odors for at least about 30 hours after said litter has been placed into contact with animal urine.
3. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said grain germ is expeller-extracted corn germ.
4. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said litter has a bulk density of from about 15 to about 45 lbs./cu. ft.
5. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said litter has a bulk density of from about 25 to about 40 lbs./cu. ft.
6. The animal litter of claim 5, wherein said litter has a bulk density of from about 30 to about 35 lbs./cu. ft.
7. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said litter has a moisture content of less than about 30% by weight.
8. The animal litter of claim 7, wherein said litter has a moisture content of from about 5% to about 25% by weight of said litter.
9. The animal litter of claim 7, wherein said litter has a moisture content of from about 10% to about 20% by weight of said litter.
10. The animal litter of claim 7, wherein said litter has a moisture content of from about 12% to about 16% by weight of said litter.
11. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said litter has a sorption capacity of at least about 0.04 ml water / g litter.
12. The animal litter of claim 11, wherein said litter has a sorption capacity of from about 0.04 to about 2.4 ml water / g litter.
13. The animal litter of claim 11, wherein said litter has a sorption capacity of from about 0.6 to about 1.8 ml water / g litter.
14. The animal litter of claim 11, wherein said litter has a sorption capacity of from about 1 to about 1.4 ml water / g litter.
15. The animal litter of claim 3, wherein said corn germ is present in said litter in an amount of at least about 45% by weight of said litter.
16. The animal litter of claim 3, wherein said corn germ is present in said litter in an amount of from about 50% to about 85% by weight of said litter.
17. The animal litter of claim 3, wherein said corn germ is present in said litter in an amount of from about 60% to about 75% by weight of said litter.
18. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said grain germ is substantially free of odor components.
19. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said particles are in the form of compacted granules, each of said granules further comprising a cohesiveness agent in at least an amount effective to enhance the cohesiveness of said granules.
20. The animal litter of claim 19, wherein said compacted granules are in the form of crumbled pelletized particles.
21. The animal litter of claim 19, wherein said cohesiveness agent is present in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 35% by weight of said litter.
22. The animal litter of claim 21, wherein said cohesiveness agent is present in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 25% by weight of said litter.
23. The animal litter of claim 19, wherein said cohesiveness agent comprises a polysaccharide.
24. The animal litter of claim 23, wherein said polysaccharide includes a starch.
25. The animal litter of claim 24, wherein said starch is non-gelatinized starch.
26. The animal litter of claim 25, wherein said starch is corn starch.
27. The animal litter of claim 23, wherein said cohesiveness agent includes said polysaccharide and a supplemental cohesiveness agent.
28. The animal litter of claim 27, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of said litter.
29. The animal litter of claim 28, wherein said supplemental, cohesiveness agent is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 8% by weight of said litter.
30. The animal litter of claim 29, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in a total amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 6% by weight of said litter.
31. The animal litter of claim 27, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from among the halide, nitrite, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate salts of the alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals.
32. The animal litter of claim 31, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof.
33. The animal litter of claim 32, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
34. The animal litter of claim 1, wherein said animal litter further comprises a mold inhibitor.
35. The animal letter of claim 34, wherein said mold inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of the propionate salts of calcium and sodium.
36. The animal litter of claim 34, wherein said mold inhibitor is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.02% to about 3.5% by weight of said litter.
37. A process for preparing an animal litter, comprising the steps of:
providing a spent grain germ; and compacting said grain germ into discrete plural granules to form an animal litter.
providing a spent grain germ; and compacting said grain germ into discrete plural granules to form an animal litter.
38. The process of claim 37, wherein said compacting step comprises pelletizing said grain germ, said process further comprising the step of reducing pellets of animal litter formed in said pelletizing step to a granule size suitable for use as an animal litter.
39. The process of claim 38, wherein said granule size ranges from about 4 mesh to about 400 mesh.
40. The process of claim 39, wherein said granule size ranges from about.8 mesh. to about 80 mesh.
41. The process of claim 37, further comprising a step of adding a mold inhibitor.
42. The process of claim 41, wherein said mold inhibitor is added prior to said compacting step.
43. A process for preparing an animal litter, comprising the steps of:
washing a grain germ with a solvent to substantially remove odor components and flavor components therefrom;
and compacting said grain germ into discrete plural granules to form an animal litter.
washing a grain germ with a solvent to substantially remove odor components and flavor components therefrom;
and compacting said grain germ into discrete plural granules to form an animal litter.
44. The process of claim 43, wherein said compacting step comprises pelletizing said grain germ, said process further comprising the step of reducing pellets of animal litter formed in said pelletizing step to a granule size suitable for use as an animal litter.
45. The process of claim 43, wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of aqueous solvents.
46. The process of claim 45, wherein said solvent is water.
47. The process of claim 45, wherein said solvent includes a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, ethanol and methanol and blends thereof.
48. An animal litter in the form of discrete plural granules, each of said granules comprising at least about 50% by weight of a grain-based substrate and further comprising a cohesiveness agent in an amount effective to enhance the cohesiveness of said granules, said granules tending to agglomerate when wetted.
49. The animal litter of claim 48, each of said granules comprising from about 50% to about 85% by weight of a grain-based substrate and up to about 45% by weight of a cohesiveness agent.
50. The animal litter of claim 48, wherein said grain-based substrate is present in said granules in an amount ranging from about 60% to about 75%.
51. The animal litter according to claim 48, wherein said grain-based substrate is substantially free of soluble odor components.
52. The animal litter of claim 48, wherein said substrate is spent corn germ.
53. The animal litter of claim 52, wherein said substrate is expeller-extracted germ.
54. The animal litter of claim 48, wherein said cohesiveness agent comprises a polysaccharide.
55. The animal litter of claim 54, wherein said cohesiveness agent includes starch.
56. The animal litter of claim 55, wherein said starch is non-gelatinized starch.
57. The animal litter of claim 55, wherein said cohesiveness agent includes a supplemental cohesiveness agent in addition to said starch.
58. The animal litter of claim 57, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of said litter.
59. The animal litter of claim 58, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 6% by weight of said litter.
60. The animal litter of claim 59, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in a total amount ranging from about 1.5% to about 4% by weight of said litter.
61. The animal litter of claim 57, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from among the halide, nitrate, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate salts of the alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals.
62. The animal litter of claim 61, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof.
63. The animal litter of claim 62, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
64. An animal litter consisting essentially of about 50% to about 85% washed, spent grain germ and the balance a cohesiveness agent and moisture, said animal litter being in the form of discrete plural particles which agglomerate when wetted, said grain germ being substantially free of soluble odor components.
65. The animal litter of claim 64, said grain germ consisting essentially of expeller-extracted corn germ.
66. The animal litter of claim 65, wherein said cohesiveness agent comprises a polysaccharide.
67. The animal litter of claim 66, wherein said cohesiveness agent consists essentially of starch.
68. The animal litter of claim 66, wherein said cohesiveness agent includes said polysaccharide and a supplemental cohesiveness agent.
69. The animal litter of claim 68, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 8% by weight of said litter.
70. The animal litter of claim 69, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 6% by weight of said litter.
71. The animal litter of claim 70, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is present in a total amount ranging from about 1.5% to about 4% by weight of said litter.
72. The animal litter of claim 68, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from among the halide, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate salts of the alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals.
73. The animal litter of claim 72, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and mixtures thereof.
74. The animal litter of claim 73, wherein said supplemental cohesiveness agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, and mixtures thereof.
75. An animal litter consisting essentially of at least about 65% washed, spent corn germ, at least about 15% corn starch, at least about 1% sodium chloride, and moisture, said animal litter being in the form of discrete plural particles which agglomerate when wetted.
76. The animal litter of claim 75, wherein said animal litter consists essentially of about 67.5% washed, expeller-extracted corn germ; about 1.8% sodium chloride;
about 16.2% unmodified corn starch, and about 14.5%
moisture.
about 16.2% unmodified corn starch, and about 14.5%
moisture.
77. A process for preparing an animal litter, comprising the steps of:
providing a grain-based substrate;
providing a cohesiveness agent;
pelletizing said grain-based substrate and said cohesiveness agent to form plural pellets of an animal litter, each of said pellets comprising at least about 50% of said grain-based substrate and an amount of said cohesiveness agent effective to enhance the cohesion of said pellets; and reducing the size of the pellets formed in said pelletizing step to granule size suitable for use as an animal litter.
providing a grain-based substrate;
providing a cohesiveness agent;
pelletizing said grain-based substrate and said cohesiveness agent to form plural pellets of an animal litter, each of said pellets comprising at least about 50% of said grain-based substrate and an amount of said cohesiveness agent effective to enhance the cohesion of said pellets; and reducing the size of the pellets formed in said pelletizing step to granule size suitable for use as an animal litter.
78. A process for preparing an animal litter, comprising the steps of:
providing a grain-based substrate;
washing said grain-based substrate to substantially remove odor components therefrom;
providing a cohesiveness agent;
pelletizing said grain-based substrate and said cohesiveness agent to form plural pellets of an animal litter, each of said pellets comprising at least about 50% of said grain-based substrate and an amount of said cohesiveness agent effective to enhance the cohesion of said pellets; and reducing the size of the pellets formed in said pelletizing step to a granule size suitable for use as an animal litter.
providing a grain-based substrate;
washing said grain-based substrate to substantially remove odor components therefrom;
providing a cohesiveness agent;
pelletizing said grain-based substrate and said cohesiveness agent to form plural pellets of an animal litter, each of said pellets comprising at least about 50% of said grain-based substrate and an amount of said cohesiveness agent effective to enhance the cohesion of said pellets; and reducing the size of the pellets formed in said pelletizing step to a granule size suitable for use as an animal litter.
79. The process of claim 78, wherein said washing is countercurrent washing.
80. A method for removal of animal waste, comprising:
providing a container containing an animal litter, said animal litter being in the form of discrete plural granules, each of said particles comprising at least about 50% of a grain-based substrate and an amount of a cohesiveness agent effective to enhance the cohesion of said granules, said granules tending to agglomerate when wetted;
allowing an animal to excrete waste into said container, whereby moisture from said waste causes agglomeration of said animal litter into at least one clump; and removing said clump of litter from said container thereby leaving substantially unspoiled animal litter in said container.
providing a container containing an animal litter, said animal litter being in the form of discrete plural granules, each of said particles comprising at least about 50% of a grain-based substrate and an amount of a cohesiveness agent effective to enhance the cohesion of said granules, said granules tending to agglomerate when wetted;
allowing an animal to excrete waste into said container, whereby moisture from said waste causes agglomeration of said animal litter into at least one clump; and removing said clump of litter from said container thereby leaving substantially unspoiled animal litter in said container.
81. The method according to claim 80, wherein said grain-based substrate is a grain germ.
82. The method according to claim 81, wherein said grain-based substrate is spent corn germ.
83. The method according to claim 82, wherein said grain-based substrate is expeller-extracted corn germ.
84. The method according to claim 82, wherein said corn germ is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 50% to about 85% by weight.
85. The method according to claim 84, wherein said corn germ is present in said litter in an amount ranging from about 60% to about 75% by weight.
86. The method according to claim 80, wherein said animal excretes solid waste into said container, said method including the step of removing said solid waste.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2728495A CA2728495C (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-11-25 | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US6938797P | 1997-12-12 | 1997-12-12 | |
| US60/069,387 | 1997-12-12 | ||
| PCT/US1998/025262 WO1999030556A1 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-11-25 | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2728495A Division CA2728495C (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-11-25 | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2280846A1 true CA2280846A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
| CA2280846C CA2280846C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
Family
ID=22088652
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2280846A Expired - Lifetime CA2280846C (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-11-25 | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
| CA2728495A Expired - Lifetime CA2728495C (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-11-25 | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2728495A Expired - Lifetime CA2728495C (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1998-11-25 | Animal litter, process for preparing animal litter, and method for removal of animal waste |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6098569A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0973379B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3938216B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE343320T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU1538199A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2280846C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69836264D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999030556A1 (en) |
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-
1998
- 1998-11-25 AU AU15381/99A patent/AU1538199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-25 WO PCT/US1998/025262 patent/WO1999030556A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-25 EP EP98959619A patent/EP0973379B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-25 DE DE69836264T patent/DE69836264D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-25 JP JP53259799A patent/JP3938216B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-25 AT AT98959619T patent/ATE343320T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-25 CA CA2280846A patent/CA2280846C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-25 CA CA2728495A patent/CA2728495C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-07-13 US US09/352,445 patent/US6098569A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-03-02 US US09/517,244 patent/US6216634B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2728495C (en) | 2013-05-07 |
| DE69836264D1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
| US6098569A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
| CA2280846C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
| AU1538199A (en) | 1999-07-05 |
| JP2001508665A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
| EP0973379B1 (en) | 2006-10-25 |
| JP3938216B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| US6216634B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 |
| EP0973379A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| CA2728495A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
| WO1999030556A1 (en) | 1999-06-24 |
| ATE343320T1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
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