CA2291117C - Process for strengthening collagen casings - Google Patents
Process for strengthening collagen casings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2291117C CA2291117C CA002291117A CA2291117A CA2291117C CA 2291117 C CA2291117 C CA 2291117C CA 002291117 A CA002291117 A CA 002291117A CA 2291117 A CA2291117 A CA 2291117A CA 2291117 C CA2291117 C CA 2291117C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- casing
- reel
- collagen
- water content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 title claims description 44
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 title claims description 44
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylcyclopentane-1,2-dione Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)C1=O MIDXCONKKJTLDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013736 caramel Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015244 frankfurter Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical group [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013031 physical testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/10—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation for articles of indefinite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/0009—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
- B29C71/04—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. for curing or vulcanising preformed articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/001—Tubular films, sleeves
- B29L2023/002—Sausage casings
Abstract
Conventionally produced edible tubular casing is improved in its mechanical properties by being exposed to ultraviolet radiation (15) in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm. The so-treated casing is humidified (17), collapsed and wound onto a reel (18). The reel (18) of tubular casing may be transported to a point of use where it is unwound, inflated, shipped and cut into lengths as desired.
Description
PROCESS FOR STRENGTHENING COLLAGEN CASINGS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Reconstituted collagen is widely used in the manufacture of tubular sausage casings. The collagen used in these casings is usually derived from the corium layer of bovine hides. The collagen raw material is comminuted, mixed with a swelling agent to produce a uniform dispersion from which a continuous tube is formed.
The tube is then neutralized by the injection of gaseous ammonia or by contact with a liquid salt solution. The casing is washed in water to remove neutralization salts and plasticized by passing it through successive liquid baths and dried while inflated.
Examples of such processes are disclosed in U.S. Patent numbers 3,535,125, 3,821,439 and 4,388,331.
1 S Many procedures have been developed in an attempt to improve the wet strength and thermal resistance of collagen casings. A number of aldehyde cross-linking methods have been employed to strengthen the reconstituted casing.
Rose, U.S. Patent No. 3,413,130, utilized a glutaraldehyde solution, while McNight, U.S.
Patent No. 3,151,990, used dextrose and Miller, U.S. Patent No. 3,894,158, used liquid smoke as the aldehyde source. Although these methods are satisfactory for use in collagen casings for application in frankfurter or dry sausage products, they are unsuitable for use in the manufacture of fresh pork sausage products. The eating quality (tenderness) of this product is diminished and the casing is subject to failures in the consumer cooking procedures i.e., grill or deep fat fry.
To overcome the above deficiencies, Lieberman; U.S. Patent No. 3,123,482, adopted the use of a heat cure procedure where the dried shirred casing was heated in a forced draft oven at 80°C and 27% relative humidity for 24 hours. The casing so obtained had adequate wet strength and could survive satisfactorily under the rigors of cooking.
Unfortunately, the heat cure method does not lend itself to continuous methods of casing manufacture. The shirred casing strands must be placed in specially designed holey boxes and dried at relatively low air temperature to avoid protein denaturation. The temperature is then raised to the maximum cure desired and held at this level for periods of four to sixteen hours. The dried cured strands must be rehumidified again prior to packaging.
Another disadvantage of the heat cure method is that the product is shirred at low moisture i.e., 12% instead of finished product moisture which is generally 18%.
This is done because the added moisture must be subsequently removed prior to reaching the proper heat cure temperature to avoid product degradation. The lower moisture condition for shirring results in greater product damage (loss in tensile strength) and poorer strand compression. In addition, rehumification of the cured strand results in shirred product expansion. This condition produces a smaller internal bore and less rigid strand which are disadvantages in high speed automatic filling of the tubing.
Still another disadvantage of the heat cure method is that the outer ridge of the pleats on the shirred strand becomes case-hardened due to greater exposure to the heat and oxidation. This results in a defect known as "spiraling" when the filled casings are thermally processed and dip dyed. The exposed surface area on the casing pleats _ fails to absorb dye at the same rate as the remaining surface, thus forming an undyed line around the filled casing circumference.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to produce a new and improved collagen casing which is useful in a wide range of sausage applications, without the disadvantages of the prior art methods.
It is a further object of the present invention to continuously cure a collagen casing on-line, thus avoiding the time consuming and highly variable batch heat cure procedure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Reconstituted collagen is widely used in the manufacture of tubular sausage casings. The collagen used in these casings is usually derived from the corium layer of bovine hides. The collagen raw material is comminuted, mixed with a swelling agent to produce a uniform dispersion from which a continuous tube is formed.
The tube is then neutralized by the injection of gaseous ammonia or by contact with a liquid salt solution. The casing is washed in water to remove neutralization salts and plasticized by passing it through successive liquid baths and dried while inflated.
Examples of such processes are disclosed in U.S. Patent numbers 3,535,125, 3,821,439 and 4,388,331.
1 S Many procedures have been developed in an attempt to improve the wet strength and thermal resistance of collagen casings. A number of aldehyde cross-linking methods have been employed to strengthen the reconstituted casing.
Rose, U.S. Patent No. 3,413,130, utilized a glutaraldehyde solution, while McNight, U.S.
Patent No. 3,151,990, used dextrose and Miller, U.S. Patent No. 3,894,158, used liquid smoke as the aldehyde source. Although these methods are satisfactory for use in collagen casings for application in frankfurter or dry sausage products, they are unsuitable for use in the manufacture of fresh pork sausage products. The eating quality (tenderness) of this product is diminished and the casing is subject to failures in the consumer cooking procedures i.e., grill or deep fat fry.
To overcome the above deficiencies, Lieberman; U.S. Patent No. 3,123,482, adopted the use of a heat cure procedure where the dried shirred casing was heated in a forced draft oven at 80°C and 27% relative humidity for 24 hours. The casing so obtained had adequate wet strength and could survive satisfactorily under the rigors of cooking.
Unfortunately, the heat cure method does not lend itself to continuous methods of casing manufacture. The shirred casing strands must be placed in specially designed holey boxes and dried at relatively low air temperature to avoid protein denaturation. The temperature is then raised to the maximum cure desired and held at this level for periods of four to sixteen hours. The dried cured strands must be rehumidified again prior to packaging.
Another disadvantage of the heat cure method is that the product is shirred at low moisture i.e., 12% instead of finished product moisture which is generally 18%.
This is done because the added moisture must be subsequently removed prior to reaching the proper heat cure temperature to avoid product degradation. The lower moisture condition for shirring results in greater product damage (loss in tensile strength) and poorer strand compression. In addition, rehumification of the cured strand results in shirred product expansion. This condition produces a smaller internal bore and less rigid strand which are disadvantages in high speed automatic filling of the tubing.
Still another disadvantage of the heat cure method is that the outer ridge of the pleats on the shirred strand becomes case-hardened due to greater exposure to the heat and oxidation. This results in a defect known as "spiraling" when the filled casings are thermally processed and dip dyed. The exposed surface area on the casing pleats _ fails to absorb dye at the same rate as the remaining surface, thus forming an undyed line around the filled casing circumference.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to produce a new and improved collagen casing which is useful in a wide range of sausage applications, without the disadvantages of the prior art methods.
It is a further object of the present invention to continuously cure a collagen casing on-line, thus avoiding the time consuming and highly variable batch heat cure procedure.
It is another object of the present invention to produce an improved casing for use in processing encased sausage through a thermal dye process without encountering the typical spiral line which is encountered in casings prepared using the traditional heat cure process.
It is another object of the present invention to produce a continuously cured collagen casing which has improved uniformity in tensile values and thermal resistance.
It is another object of the present invention to produce a high strength collagen casing which has improved mechanical properties.
SUN~IARY OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally produced edible tubular casing is improved in its mechanical properties by being exposed to ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm. The so treated casing is humidified, collapsed and wound onto a reel. The reel of tubular casing may be transported to a point of use where, it is unwound, inflated, shirred and cut into lengths as desired.
PRIOR ART DISCLOSING USE OF ULTRAVIOLET
IRRADIATION
Ultraviolet irradiation has been shown to modify proteins in general (McLaren and Shugar (1964) Photochemistry of proteins and nucleic acids, p 110 London: Pergamon Press Ltd.) and collagen in particular (Cooper and Davidson (1965) Biochem J. Vol 97 p 139;
Nishigai, M (1964) Proceedings 12th Symposium Collagen 3a Research Society Japan, Odawara; Collagen Curr (1965) Vol 5 p 352). The effect of ultraviolet light on skin has been interpreted as causing "aging" in collagen through cross-linking within the collagen fibrils (Bottoms and Shuster (1963) Nature Vol 199 p 4889). U.S. Patent No. 4,076,846 to Nakatsuka et al, discloses the use of ultraviolet light in the cross-linking of an edible, water soluble, thermoplastic molding composition. The shaped article can be allowed to have any balance between its water resistance and its water solubility by ultraviolet irradiation.
German Patent Application 10 DE 42 OB 435 Al, October 28, 1993, discloses a method of producing water resistant, but biologically degradable foils from gelatin, The foils are polymerized after the shaping by means of irradiation with known U.V.
light sources. U.S. Patent No. 5,480,427 covers biologically compatible reaction products from collagen which are polymerized by exposure to U.V. radiation.
The material is molded to form useful medical implant articles. U.S. Patent No.
It is another object of the present invention to produce a continuously cured collagen casing which has improved uniformity in tensile values and thermal resistance.
It is another object of the present invention to produce a high strength collagen casing which has improved mechanical properties.
SUN~IARY OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally produced edible tubular casing is improved in its mechanical properties by being exposed to ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm. The so treated casing is humidified, collapsed and wound onto a reel. The reel of tubular casing may be transported to a point of use where, it is unwound, inflated, shirred and cut into lengths as desired.
PRIOR ART DISCLOSING USE OF ULTRAVIOLET
IRRADIATION
Ultraviolet irradiation has been shown to modify proteins in general (McLaren and Shugar (1964) Photochemistry of proteins and nucleic acids, p 110 London: Pergamon Press Ltd.) and collagen in particular (Cooper and Davidson (1965) Biochem J. Vol 97 p 139;
Nishigai, M (1964) Proceedings 12th Symposium Collagen 3a Research Society Japan, Odawara; Collagen Curr (1965) Vol 5 p 352). The effect of ultraviolet light on skin has been interpreted as causing "aging" in collagen through cross-linking within the collagen fibrils (Bottoms and Shuster (1963) Nature Vol 199 p 4889). U.S. Patent No. 4,076,846 to Nakatsuka et al, discloses the use of ultraviolet light in the cross-linking of an edible, water soluble, thermoplastic molding composition. The shaped article can be allowed to have any balance between its water resistance and its water solubility by ultraviolet irradiation.
German Patent Application 10 DE 42 OB 435 Al, October 28, 1993, discloses a method of producing water resistant, but biologically degradable foils from gelatin, The foils are polymerized after the shaping by means of irradiation with known U.V.
light sources. U.S. Patent No. 5,480,427 covers biologically compatible reaction products from collagen which are polymerized by exposure to U.V. radiation.
The material is molded to form useful medical implant articles. U.S. Patent No.
5,322,648 covers a method for fabricating shaped articles from aqueous collagen-containing materials which have application for lenticular devices used in ophthalmologic treatment of trauma. The dried collagen shield is exposed to U.V. light to effect cross-linking of the product. U.S. Patent No. 5,571,216 discloses a method of joining two collagen materials in which the joined surfaces are cross-linked with the aid of U.V. irradiation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic view of casing production showing coagulation, washing/plasticizing, drying and reeling.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a subsequent step showing U.V. irradiation.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of shirring the casing and loading it into a carton.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
HIDE IQN
Hides from freshly slaughtered animals are weighed and hatched into lots of kilograms. They are washed for three hours in continuously running water at a temperature of 20°C to 21 °C.
To a paddle vat of suitable capacity is added 6130 kilograms of water and the 2700 kilograms of washed hides.
Twenty-two kilograms of sodium carbonate are added to the vat and the paddle run for one and one-half hours.
Fifty-four kilograms of sodium sulfhydrate are then added and the paddle run for a further one hour, after which time, eight kilograms of sodium sulfide are added.
The paddle is run for 15 minutes before a further 54 kilograms of sodium sulfhydrate, plus 81 kilograms of hydrated lime are added. After this addition, the paddle is run for six and one-half hours.
At the end of this time, the vat is drained of chemical solution, and the hides are flood washed in 21 °C water for three hours. They are then removed for a first 5 defleshing.
The fleshed hides are returned to the paddle vat, washed clean with well water at 15°C, then drained.
The paddle vat is recharged with 6130 kilograms of water and 22.5 kilograms of sodium bicarbonate, plus 81 kilograms of hydrated lime are added. The paddle is run for 12 to 18 hours.
The hides are removed from the vat and, after any needed trimming, are split on a leather splitting machine to separate the grain layer from the corium.
The corium layer is sided (split in half), given a second defleshing and placed in a drum for a final 30 minutes wash with well water. A typical yield of corium is 700 kilograms.
~ORTi TM BUFF
The bovine corium collagen layer, as produced in the above, must be buffered to pH 4.6 before being further treated to render it suitable for use in making collagen casing. The buffering is done by the following process:
A large fiberglass drum (capacity 2000 kg) is charged with 700 kilograms of corium collagen prepared as described above.
Eleven hundred and twenty ( 1120) kilograms of tempered (20°C) water and 3.5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate are added, and the drum is rotated for one hour and 50 minutes.
The treatment solution is drained, the drum recharged with the same weights of water and ammonium sulfate, and the hide further treated for a second period of one hour and SO minutes.
At the end of this time, the treatment solution is drained, and the corium is flood washed with tempered water for two and one-half hours using a flow rate of 120 liters of water/minute.
After complete draining, the drum is charged with 1120 kilograms of tempered (20°C) water to which is added 4.9 kilograms of citric acid and 616 kilograms of sodium citrate. The drum is rotated for 12 to 14 hours.
Periodic (two hours) pH measurements are taken on the buffer solution. Citric acid additions are made as needed based on the results of these two hour tests to maintain the pH at 4.6.
At the end of the buffer treatment, the buffered corium is washed to remove residual citrate before being stored under refrigeration until use.
P1~RPARAT~1~LQF EXTBU~IQN_MA~~
The hides which have been dehaired with lime and then unlimed (delimed), 1 S are then shredded and ground to a particle size of approximately one-fourth inch.
The ground particles in an mount of 15.35 kgs, containing 4.05 kgs of dry hide solids, are mixed with 29.65 kgs of water, and the mixture is passed through a high speed cutting mill where the hide particles are shredded to form a hydrated mass of fibrous character.
In a stainless steel tank, 0.85 kgs of cellulose fibers are thoroughly dispersed with 43.58 kgs water. To this cellulose dispersion is added 0.566 kgs of 31.5%
hydrochloric acid with complete mixing. The mass of fibrous hydrated collagen from the high speed cutting mill and the acid-cellulose-water mixture are blended together to form a swollen collagen mass or gel. After storage for period of 20 hours, the mixture of cellulose and acid-swollen collagen is further dispersed with a homogenizer fitted with a two stage valve and operated with a 1500 psi drop per stage. The mixture is homogenized a second time at 2000 psi. The homogenized mixture is pumped to a storage tank and deaerated under vacuum and aged for a period of 24 hours at 20°C. The dispersion so obtained has the following composition:
Percent Hide Solids 4.50 Cellulose 0.90 Hydrochloric Acid 0.198 EXTRUSION
The homogenized dispersion is pumped from the storage vessel through a wound wire filter and then to a metering pump at the rate of 296 gms/minute. The mass is extruded through a disk extruder of the type illustrated in Figure 1 of U.S. Patent 3,122,788. The extruder is cooled by circulation of fluid through the jacket at 9°C. The extruded collagen casing, which is supported on a conveyor belt, is inflated with air to a diameter of 32 mm and coagulated with anhydrous ammonia. The coagulated, neutralized casing is flattened between pinch rollers and falls from the end of the belt into the holding baskets within the water wash tank. The casing is transferred through a series of compartments within the tank by the godets and is subjected to intimate contact with the wash water which circulates through the openings in the walls of each compartment. The total dwell time of the casing in the water wash tank is 20 minutes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic view of casing production showing coagulation, washing/plasticizing, drying and reeling.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a subsequent step showing U.V. irradiation.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of shirring the casing and loading it into a carton.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
HIDE IQN
Hides from freshly slaughtered animals are weighed and hatched into lots of kilograms. They are washed for three hours in continuously running water at a temperature of 20°C to 21 °C.
To a paddle vat of suitable capacity is added 6130 kilograms of water and the 2700 kilograms of washed hides.
Twenty-two kilograms of sodium carbonate are added to the vat and the paddle run for one and one-half hours.
Fifty-four kilograms of sodium sulfhydrate are then added and the paddle run for a further one hour, after which time, eight kilograms of sodium sulfide are added.
The paddle is run for 15 minutes before a further 54 kilograms of sodium sulfhydrate, plus 81 kilograms of hydrated lime are added. After this addition, the paddle is run for six and one-half hours.
At the end of this time, the vat is drained of chemical solution, and the hides are flood washed in 21 °C water for three hours. They are then removed for a first 5 defleshing.
The fleshed hides are returned to the paddle vat, washed clean with well water at 15°C, then drained.
The paddle vat is recharged with 6130 kilograms of water and 22.5 kilograms of sodium bicarbonate, plus 81 kilograms of hydrated lime are added. The paddle is run for 12 to 18 hours.
The hides are removed from the vat and, after any needed trimming, are split on a leather splitting machine to separate the grain layer from the corium.
The corium layer is sided (split in half), given a second defleshing and placed in a drum for a final 30 minutes wash with well water. A typical yield of corium is 700 kilograms.
~ORTi TM BUFF
The bovine corium collagen layer, as produced in the above, must be buffered to pH 4.6 before being further treated to render it suitable for use in making collagen casing. The buffering is done by the following process:
A large fiberglass drum (capacity 2000 kg) is charged with 700 kilograms of corium collagen prepared as described above.
Eleven hundred and twenty ( 1120) kilograms of tempered (20°C) water and 3.5 kilograms of ammonium sulfate are added, and the drum is rotated for one hour and 50 minutes.
The treatment solution is drained, the drum recharged with the same weights of water and ammonium sulfate, and the hide further treated for a second period of one hour and SO minutes.
At the end of this time, the treatment solution is drained, and the corium is flood washed with tempered water for two and one-half hours using a flow rate of 120 liters of water/minute.
After complete draining, the drum is charged with 1120 kilograms of tempered (20°C) water to which is added 4.9 kilograms of citric acid and 616 kilograms of sodium citrate. The drum is rotated for 12 to 14 hours.
Periodic (two hours) pH measurements are taken on the buffer solution. Citric acid additions are made as needed based on the results of these two hour tests to maintain the pH at 4.6.
At the end of the buffer treatment, the buffered corium is washed to remove residual citrate before being stored under refrigeration until use.
P1~RPARAT~1~LQF EXTBU~IQN_MA~~
The hides which have been dehaired with lime and then unlimed (delimed), 1 S are then shredded and ground to a particle size of approximately one-fourth inch.
The ground particles in an mount of 15.35 kgs, containing 4.05 kgs of dry hide solids, are mixed with 29.65 kgs of water, and the mixture is passed through a high speed cutting mill where the hide particles are shredded to form a hydrated mass of fibrous character.
In a stainless steel tank, 0.85 kgs of cellulose fibers are thoroughly dispersed with 43.58 kgs water. To this cellulose dispersion is added 0.566 kgs of 31.5%
hydrochloric acid with complete mixing. The mass of fibrous hydrated collagen from the high speed cutting mill and the acid-cellulose-water mixture are blended together to form a swollen collagen mass or gel. After storage for period of 20 hours, the mixture of cellulose and acid-swollen collagen is further dispersed with a homogenizer fitted with a two stage valve and operated with a 1500 psi drop per stage. The mixture is homogenized a second time at 2000 psi. The homogenized mixture is pumped to a storage tank and deaerated under vacuum and aged for a period of 24 hours at 20°C. The dispersion so obtained has the following composition:
Percent Hide Solids 4.50 Cellulose 0.90 Hydrochloric Acid 0.198 EXTRUSION
The homogenized dispersion is pumped from the storage vessel through a wound wire filter and then to a metering pump at the rate of 296 gms/minute. The mass is extruded through a disk extruder of the type illustrated in Figure 1 of U.S. Patent 3,122,788. The extruder is cooled by circulation of fluid through the jacket at 9°C. The extruded collagen casing, which is supported on a conveyor belt, is inflated with air to a diameter of 32 mm and coagulated with anhydrous ammonia. The coagulated, neutralized casing is flattened between pinch rollers and falls from the end of the belt into the holding baskets within the water wash tank. The casing is transferred through a series of compartments within the tank by the godets and is subjected to intimate contact with the wash water which circulates through the openings in the walls of each compartment. The total dwell time of the casing in the water wash tank is 20 minutes.
The plasticizer composition within the plasticizer tank is an aqueous solution of 4.5% glycerin and l.Oo CMC
(carboxymethylcellulose). The dwell time of the casing in the plasticizer is 7.5 minutes.
The casing is then inflated with air and passed directly into the first section of a drying chamber which is heated to 160°F. The dwell time of the casing in the first section of the drying chamber is approximately 2~ minutes.
The inflated casing next enters a second section of the drying chamber which is heated to 132°F. The dwell time of the casing in the second section of the drying chamber is about one minute. The inflated casting then enters a third section of the drying chamber where the temperature is about 90°F and the dwell time is about one-half minute. As the casing leaves the third section of the dryer, it is collapsed and wound on a reel.
Figure 1 shows schematically the latter step wherein the extruded casing is coagulated in chamber 10, then washed and plasticized in vat 11. The casing is then conveyed into a dryer 12 which in the instant matter is a multi-sectioned dryer. Finally a take up reel 13 winds up the collapsed casing. -EXAMPLE I
Figure 2 shows collagen casing prepared by the preliminary processing methods previously described being unwound from a reel 14 and conveyed through an ultraviolet curing chamber 15 fitted with upper and lower mercury vapor lamps emitting ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm. Each lamp is 12 inches in length and is operated at 300 watt/inch. Parabolic reflectors are used to ensure that all surfaces on the casing are uniformly treated. Quartz filters are mounted between the ultraviolet lamp and the casing to filter out the infra-red spectra that might generate excessive heat. Air blowers are also employed to minimize heat buildup. The distance from the lamp to the casing surface is 4~ inches. The casing is conveyed through the curing chamber at a rate of 200 fpm.
The ultraviolet cured casing is then conveyed through a humidification chamber 17 to raise the moisture content of the casing from approximately 12 to 13% to approximately 180. It is then coated with a thin layer of mineral oil before being shirred on an apparatus similar to that described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 3,315,300.
The casing prepared in the above method had improved strength to withstand the stresses of high speed frankfurter stuffing and linking equipment and survived the rigors of the thermal processing procedures used in smoking and cooking.
The casing may then be wound onto reel 18 and shipped in that form to an ultimate destination of use.
Such use being illustrated by Figure 3 wherein a reel of casing 19 is unwound, then inflated and coated with a thin layer of mineral oil before being shirred on apparatus 20, similar to that described in U.S. Patent No. 3,315,300. The shirred product is cut in suitable lengths and conventionally packaged in carton 21.
EXAMPLE II
The homogenized dispersion prepared as described previously is extruded under pressure to form a thin wall collagen tubing of approximately 21 mm diameter. The tubing is inflated with air and coagulated with an anhydrous ammonia gas which is applied internally and externally to the casing surface. The coagulated, neutralized casing is flattened between pinch rolls and processed through a water 5 wash bath. The casing is then transferred to a plasticizer bath containing 5.5o glycerin and 1.350 CMC (7LF). To this plasticizer bath was also added a food grade caramel coloring tradenamed Maillose 300100 and marketed by Red Arrow Products, Inc. in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The Maillose 10 is a clear brown liquid with the following chemical properties:
Brix 12°
Density 8.75 lbs./gallon pH 2.5 - 3.0 Bound DEAF color 500 Bound Phosphoryl 500 Total Nitrogen O.lo Total Sulfur 0.30 Sugars 3.90 The concentration of Maillose in the plasticizer solution was 1000 ppm. The dwell time of the casing in the plasticizer is eight (8) minutes.
The casing is then inflated with air, dried to approximately 12o moisture and wound on a reel.
EXAMPLE III
Collagen casing prepared by the methods of . Example II was unwound from a reel and conveyed through an l0a ultraviolet curing chamber which was fitted with two parallel ultraviolet lamps (AUV #941221 MCB) mounted perpendicular to the flow of the casing. Both lamps were mounted above the location of the casing path. The distance of the exposed lamp path was 5 inches and the casing was traveling at a speed of 100 fpm. The lamps were operated at 300 watts/inch. After the casing was treated on one side, it was immediately inverted and sent through the U.V. chamber a second time at the same rate so as to evenly treat both casing surfaces. After ultraviolet treatment the casings were humidified to a nominal 18~ moisture. Physical testing of the product was carried out using the methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,388,331. Comparative strength testing of the casings showed the following:
Wet Tensile HAT
No Maillose 3.34 kg. 1.44 kg.
1000 ppm Maillose 3.98 kg. 2.35 kg.
(carboxymethylcellulose). The dwell time of the casing in the plasticizer is 7.5 minutes.
The casing is then inflated with air and passed directly into the first section of a drying chamber which is heated to 160°F. The dwell time of the casing in the first section of the drying chamber is approximately 2~ minutes.
The inflated casing next enters a second section of the drying chamber which is heated to 132°F. The dwell time of the casing in the second section of the drying chamber is about one minute. The inflated casting then enters a third section of the drying chamber where the temperature is about 90°F and the dwell time is about one-half minute. As the casing leaves the third section of the dryer, it is collapsed and wound on a reel.
Figure 1 shows schematically the latter step wherein the extruded casing is coagulated in chamber 10, then washed and plasticized in vat 11. The casing is then conveyed into a dryer 12 which in the instant matter is a multi-sectioned dryer. Finally a take up reel 13 winds up the collapsed casing. -EXAMPLE I
Figure 2 shows collagen casing prepared by the preliminary processing methods previously described being unwound from a reel 14 and conveyed through an ultraviolet curing chamber 15 fitted with upper and lower mercury vapor lamps emitting ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm. Each lamp is 12 inches in length and is operated at 300 watt/inch. Parabolic reflectors are used to ensure that all surfaces on the casing are uniformly treated. Quartz filters are mounted between the ultraviolet lamp and the casing to filter out the infra-red spectra that might generate excessive heat. Air blowers are also employed to minimize heat buildup. The distance from the lamp to the casing surface is 4~ inches. The casing is conveyed through the curing chamber at a rate of 200 fpm.
The ultraviolet cured casing is then conveyed through a humidification chamber 17 to raise the moisture content of the casing from approximately 12 to 13% to approximately 180. It is then coated with a thin layer of mineral oil before being shirred on an apparatus similar to that described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 3,315,300.
The casing prepared in the above method had improved strength to withstand the stresses of high speed frankfurter stuffing and linking equipment and survived the rigors of the thermal processing procedures used in smoking and cooking.
The casing may then be wound onto reel 18 and shipped in that form to an ultimate destination of use.
Such use being illustrated by Figure 3 wherein a reel of casing 19 is unwound, then inflated and coated with a thin layer of mineral oil before being shirred on apparatus 20, similar to that described in U.S. Patent No. 3,315,300. The shirred product is cut in suitable lengths and conventionally packaged in carton 21.
EXAMPLE II
The homogenized dispersion prepared as described previously is extruded under pressure to form a thin wall collagen tubing of approximately 21 mm diameter. The tubing is inflated with air and coagulated with an anhydrous ammonia gas which is applied internally and externally to the casing surface. The coagulated, neutralized casing is flattened between pinch rolls and processed through a water 5 wash bath. The casing is then transferred to a plasticizer bath containing 5.5o glycerin and 1.350 CMC (7LF). To this plasticizer bath was also added a food grade caramel coloring tradenamed Maillose 300100 and marketed by Red Arrow Products, Inc. in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The Maillose 10 is a clear brown liquid with the following chemical properties:
Brix 12°
Density 8.75 lbs./gallon pH 2.5 - 3.0 Bound DEAF color 500 Bound Phosphoryl 500 Total Nitrogen O.lo Total Sulfur 0.30 Sugars 3.90 The concentration of Maillose in the plasticizer solution was 1000 ppm. The dwell time of the casing in the plasticizer is eight (8) minutes.
The casing is then inflated with air, dried to approximately 12o moisture and wound on a reel.
EXAMPLE III
Collagen casing prepared by the methods of . Example II was unwound from a reel and conveyed through an l0a ultraviolet curing chamber which was fitted with two parallel ultraviolet lamps (AUV #941221 MCB) mounted perpendicular to the flow of the casing. Both lamps were mounted above the location of the casing path. The distance of the exposed lamp path was 5 inches and the casing was traveling at a speed of 100 fpm. The lamps were operated at 300 watts/inch. After the casing was treated on one side, it was immediately inverted and sent through the U.V. chamber a second time at the same rate so as to evenly treat both casing surfaces. After ultraviolet treatment the casings were humidified to a nominal 18~ moisture. Physical testing of the product was carried out using the methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,388,331. Comparative strength testing of the casings showed the following:
Wet Tensile HAT
No Maillose 3.34 kg. 1.44 kg.
1000 ppm Maillose 3.98 kg. 2.35 kg.
Claims (11)
1. A method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising, treating said food casing with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm.
2. The method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing according to claim 1 wherein the ultraviolet treated casing is humidified to approximately 18% water content.
3. A method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising treating said casing with an aqueous solution containing caramel, then treating said casing with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm to 420 nm.
4. The method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing according to claim 3 wherein the ultraviolet treated casing is humidified to approximately 18% water content.
5. A method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising, extruding a slurry of finely divided collagen to form a tube, coagulating the extruded tube, drying said tube to between about 12 to 13%
water content, then treating said tube with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm and 420 nm, thereafter rehumidifying said tube to approximately 18% water content.
water content, then treating said tube with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm and 420 nm, thereafter rehumidifying said tube to approximately 18% water content.
6. The product produced by the method of claim 3.
7. The product produced by the method of claim 5.
8. A method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising, extruding a slurry of finely divided collagen to form a tube, coagulating the extruded tube, drying said tube to between 12 to 13% water content, collapsing said tube, winding said tube onto a reel, thereafter unwinding said tube from said reel, then treating said tube with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm and 420 run, rehumidifying said tube to approximately 18% water content, collapsing and rewinding said tube onto a reel.
9. A method for improving the mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising, extruding a slurry of finely divided collagen to form a tube, coagulating the extruded tube, drying said tube to between 12 to 13% water content, collapsing said tube, winding said tube onto a reel, thereafter unwinding said tube from said reel, then treating said tube with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm and 420 nm, rehumidifying said tube to approximately 18% water content, collapsing and rewinding said tube onto a reel, unwinding said tube from the reel, inflating said tube, shirring said tube, cutting said shirred tube into selected lengths and packaging said lengths of shirred tube.
10. A method for improving mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising, extruding a slurry of finely divided collagen to form a tube, coagulating the extruded tube, treating said tube with an aqueous solution containing caramel, drying said tube to between 12 to 13% water content, collapsing said tube, winding said tube onto a reel, thereafter unwinding said tube from said reel, then treating said tube with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm and 420 nm, rehumidifying said tube to approximately 18% water content, collapsing and rewinding said tube onto a reel.
11. A method for improving mechanical properties of a collagen food casing comprising extruding a slurry of finely divided collagen to form a tube, coagulating the extruded tube, treating said tube with an aqueous solution containing caramel, drying said tube to between 12 to 13% water content, collapsing said tube, winding said tube onto a reel, thereafter unwinding said tube from said reel, then treating said tube with ultraviolet spectra in the range of 180 nm and 420 nm, rehumidifying said tube to approximately 18% water content, collapsing and rewinding said tube onto a reel, unwinding said tube from the reel, inflating said tube, shirring said tube, cutting said shirred tube into selected lengths and packaging said lengths of shirred tube.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/868,139 | 1997-06-03 | ||
US08/868,139 US5820812A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Process for strengthening collagen casings using ultraviolet irradiation |
PCT/US1998/010700 WO1998055286A1 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-06-01 | Process for strengthening collagen casings |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2291117A1 CA2291117A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
CA2291117C true CA2291117C (en) | 2007-01-23 |
Family
ID=25351139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002291117A Expired - Fee Related CA2291117C (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-06-01 | Process for strengthening collagen casings |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5820812A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0986456B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002512526A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010013295A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE227633T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU745782C (en) |
BR (1) | BR9809890A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2291117C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69809415D1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA001811B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ501133A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998055286A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA984594B (en) |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20040197445A1 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-07 | Appleby Douglas Edward | Caramel coated food casing and method of manufacture |
JP2010142169A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-01 | Prima Meat Packers Ltd | Method for producing meat-processed product |
CN103999922B (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2016-02-24 | 山东冠华蛋白肠衣有限公司 | A kind of method of slaking and humidification Collagent casing for sausages |
PT3282854T (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2020-07-08 | Viscofan Collagen Usa Inc | Device for application of flavors to collagen casings |
US20160302434A1 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-10-20 | Nitta Casings Inc. | Collagen Casings Having Increased Final Moisture Content and Method of Production |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA472194A (en) * | 1951-03-13 | Swift And Company | Treating animal tissues | |
US3123482A (en) * | 1961-01-16 | 1964-03-03 | R lieberman | |
US3315300A (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1967-04-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Apparatus for manufacturing casing from a continuous tube |
US3413130A (en) * | 1965-06-28 | 1968-11-26 | Tee Pak Inc | Method of preparing an edible tubular collagen casing |
US3535125A (en) * | 1968-09-16 | 1970-10-20 | Devro Inc | Process for the manufacture of edible collagen casings |
US3821439A (en) * | 1973-02-20 | 1974-06-28 | Tee Pak Inc | Coagulating and hardening bath for edible collagen sausage casings |
US3860728A (en) * | 1973-04-05 | 1975-01-14 | Devro Inc | Caramel-containing collagen sausage casing and smoked sausage |
US3894158A (en) * | 1973-04-24 | 1975-07-08 | Devro Inc | Manufacture of edible collagen casings using liquid smoke |
US4076846A (en) * | 1974-11-22 | 1978-02-28 | Sumitomo Bakelite Company Limited | Protein-starch binary molding composition and shaped articles obtained therefor |
US4038438A (en) * | 1976-07-19 | 1977-07-26 | Tee-Pak, Inc. | Method of coloring synthetic food casings |
US4406853A (en) * | 1980-02-28 | 1983-09-27 | Collagen Development Corporation | Method of preparation of regenerated fiber collagen condom |
US4388331A (en) * | 1981-01-23 | 1983-06-14 | Devro, Inc. | Collagen sausage casing |
US5201764A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1993-04-13 | Autogenesis Technologies, Inc. | Biologically compatible collagenous reaction product and articles useful as medical implants produced therefrom |
US5322648A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-06-21 | Vitaphore Corporation | Process for forming shaped collagen devices |
US5571216A (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 1996-11-05 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods and apparatus for joining collagen-containing materials |
-
1997
- 1997-06-03 US US08/868,139 patent/US5820812A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-05-28 ZA ZA984594A patent/ZA984594B/en unknown
- 1998-06-01 DE DE69809415T patent/DE69809415D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-01 BR BR9809890-0A patent/BR9809890A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-01 KR KR19997011289A patent/KR20010013295A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-01 CA CA002291117A patent/CA2291117C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-01 NZ NZ501133A patent/NZ501133A/en unknown
- 1998-06-01 AT AT98926070T patent/ATE227633T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-01 JP JP50253499A patent/JP2002512526A/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-06-01 WO PCT/US1998/010700 patent/WO1998055286A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-01 EP EP98926070A patent/EP0986456B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-01 AU AU77987/98A patent/AU745782C/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-06-01 EA EA199901101A patent/EA001811B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2291117A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
EP0986456A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
EA001811B1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
KR20010013295A (en) | 2001-02-26 |
WO1998055286A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
US5820812A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
AU745782B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
EA199901101A1 (en) | 2000-06-26 |
AU7798798A (en) | 1998-12-21 |
ZA984594B (en) | 1998-12-21 |
JP2002512526A (en) | 2002-04-23 |
EP0986456A4 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
EP0986456B1 (en) | 2002-11-13 |
ATE227633T1 (en) | 2002-11-15 |
BR9809890A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
NZ501133A (en) | 2001-09-28 |
DE69809415D1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
AU745782C (en) | 2003-06-05 |
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