CA2293485C - Method and arrangement for executing a cemented superstructure and also distance member and set of distance members - Google Patents
Method and arrangement for executing a cemented superstructure and also distance member and set of distance members Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2293485C CA2293485C CA002293485A CA2293485A CA2293485C CA 2293485 C CA2293485 C CA 2293485C CA 002293485 A CA002293485 A CA 002293485A CA 2293485 A CA2293485 A CA 2293485A CA 2293485 C CA2293485 C CA 2293485C
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- Prior art keywords
- distance
- implant
- distance member
- members
- superstructure
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005548 dental material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 210000004268 dentin Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
- A61C8/006—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers with polygonal positional means, e.g. hexagonal or octagonal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
- A61C8/0068—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers with an additional screw
Abstract
A distance member (1) is designed so as to make possible a cemented superstructure in the jaw and can be fastened to the implant in the jaw by means of a screw member. The distance member has a prefabricated external shape which is individually adapted to the respective dental situation in question for the purpose of rendering unnecessary substantial shape modification work in connection with construction of the superstructure in the jaw. The prefabricated shape has a shelf-shaped projecting part located between the upper and lower parts of the distance member and the distance member is designed with an internal counterholder which prevents torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant.
Description
TITLE
Method and arrangement for executing a cemented superstructure and also distance member and set of distance members.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates inter alia to a method for executing a cemented superstructure on one or more distance member(s) which can respectively be mounted on an implant assigned to it (them) in the jaw (human jaw) by means of a screw member. The invention also relates to an arrangement for such a cemented superstructure in the jaw, where one or more distance member(s) can be mounted on implants assigned to it (them) with the aid of screw members. In the finished state, the superstructure has no access passage for the respective screw member(s). The invention also relates to a set of distance members which can respectively be mounted on an implant assigned to them in the jaw by means of a screw member, where one or more distance member(s) is (are) intended to form part, in the jaw, of a cemented superstructure which, in the finished state, has no access passage for the respective screw member(s).
-I'he invention also relates to a distance member for making possible a cemented superstructure in the jaw, which member can be fastened to the implant in the jaw by means of a screw member.
STATE OF THE ART
It is previously known to form a cemented superstructure on distance members anchored in implants in the human jaw. It is also previously known to design distance members with counterholders in order to prevent the transmission of torsional or torque forces to the implant in connection with tightening by means of tools.
As an example of other counterholding functions in connection with such tools, refer inter alia to Swedish patent 466 786. It is also previously -known to individually adapt distance members to different dentai situations. In different dental situations, it is also previously known to make use of screw member sets, from which the selection for the situation concerned can be made.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
- In a cemented superstructure, problems arise inter alia because there are no access holes for the respective screw member(s) in the finished structure.
During adjustment and repair work in such structures, difficulties thus occur with regard to-freeing these structures from the implants without the risk arising of the structure and/or the implants being destroyed.
Measures aimed at reducing to the greatest possible extent the requirement for carrying out repair work on finished superstructures involve placing special demands on the screw joints so that these do not loosen on the dental bridge or dental crown once it has been completed.
It is also important that the components forming part of the dental bridge or equivalent can be designed and constructed so that the technical dental work is facilitated to the greatest possible extent. Major grinding-down and shape modification work during production of the superstructure and cementing are preferably to be avoided, not least out of consideration for the patient. This also applies to impression-taking and model-production work.
The invention aims to solve inter alia these problems. By means of the invention, it is possible, for example, to obtain a visual indication of the delimiting line of the dental bridge or dental crown in relation to the respective distance piece. By means of the invention, great adaptability to different individual appearances and positions in the jaw is also made possible, which is a necessary prerequisite because of the great individual differences represented by patients. It is also important that the distance member set can provide for shapes that can be related to existing incorporation-type distance pieces. It is thus important, for example, that the distance members have cone angles that essentially correspond to those of incorporation-type distance pieces so that bone and soft tissue do not get in the way when the distance members are mounted. The invention also solves these problems.
SOLUTION
The new method according to the above can mainly be considered to be characterized in that a set of distance members which are intended for different individual dental situations is provided, in that each respective distance member in the set provided is made with an internal counterholder for a tightening tool that is used when tightening the respective screw member, which counterholder prevents torque being transmitted from the tightening tool to the implant during tightening, in that a considerable number, preferably at least 8001, of the distance members in the set are individually externally shaped so as to provide for individual anatomical shapes which are impressed on the cementing function and which are optimized for a number of main types of dental situations, by means of which impression substantial modification work on the respective anatomical shape in connection with construction of the cemented superstructure in the jaw is essentially rendered unnecessary, and in that one or more distance member(s) that is (are) optimum or most practicable for the given dental situation is (are) selected from the set of distance members provided.
An arrangement according to the type indicated in the introduction is characterized by the following combination, that is to say in that each respective distance member is made or provided with an internal counterholder member for a tightening tool, which counterholder member is designed to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the respective implant in connection with tightening of the respective screw member, in that each respective distance member has a prefabricated external shape which is essentially individualized to the given dental situation, and in that the prefabricated individual external shape of the respective distance member is likewise designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved without the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure.
The new set of distance members can mainly be considered to be characterized by the following combination, that is to say in that the distance members are designed with prefabricated individual external shapes which are adapted to main types of different dental situations, in that the prefabricated individual external shape of a considerable proportion, at least 80%, of the set is designed to comply with the cementing function involved without the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure in the jaw, and in that each respective distance member is made or provided with an internal counterholder member for a tightening tool, which counterholder member is designed to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant concerned in connection with tightening of the respective screw member.
A distance member according to the invention can mainly be considered to be characterized by the following-combination which is characterized in that the distance member is assigned a prefabricated external shape, in that the prefabricated external shape is individually adapted to a given dental situation for the purpose of rendering unnecessary substantial shape modification work in connection with construction of the superstructure in the jaw, in that the prefabricated shape has a shelf-shaped projecting part or projecting flange located between the upper and lower parts of the distance member, and in that the distance member is or can be designed with an internal counterholder which prevents torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a method of executing a cemented superstructure wherein an implant is secured to a human jaw by means of a screw member threadably engaged with the implant, mounting a distance member over the implant, and passing the screw member through the distance member and into the implant, characterized in providing a set of distance members which are intended for different individual dental situations, providing each distance member with an internal counterholder, providing a majority of the distance members in the set with individually external different shapes so as to provide for individual anatomical shapes which are impressed on the cementing function and which are optimized for a number of main types of dental situations to minimize substantial modification work on the respective anatomical shapes in connection with the construction of the cemented superstructure in the jaw, selecting at least one distance member from the set for the mounting on the implant, mounting the distance member over the implant, inserting a tightening tool into the distance member, engaging the tightening tool with the counterholder and with the screw member, preventing torque from being transmitted from the tightening tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member as a result of the engagement of the counterholder with the tightening tool, removing the tightening tool after the implant has been tightened, and applying a cemented superstructure around the distance member.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is also provided an arrangement for a cemented - 5a -superstructure in the human jaw comprising the combination of an implant and a distance member mounted on the implant and a screw extending through a longitudinal bore in the distance member and threadably engaged with the implant, characterized in that the distance member is one of a plurality of a set of distance members, each of the distance members being of one piece construction having an internal counterholder in its longitudinal bore for engagement with a tightening tool to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member, each of the distance members having a prefabricated external shape to provide essentially individualized shapes for given dental situations with the prefabricated individual external shape of a respective distance member being designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved to minimize the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure, each of the distance members having an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
According to a still further aspect of the invention, there is provided a set of distance members which can respectively be mounted on an implant in the human jaw by means of a screw member extending through a distance member and into the implant, characterized in that each of the distance members has a longitudinal bore, each of the distance members being of one piece construction having an internal counterholder in the longitudinal bore for engagement with a tightening tool to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member, each of the distance members having a prefabricated external shape to provide essentially individualized shapes for given dental situations with the - 5b -prefabricated individual external shape of a respective distance member being designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved to minimize the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure, each of the distance members having an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
According yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a distance member for making possible a cemented superstructure in the jaw which member can be fastened to an implant in the jaw by means of a screw member, characterized in that the distance member is of one piece construction and includes an upper part and a lower part, a longitudinal bore extending completely through the distance member, an exposed recess at the end of the bore in the lower part for engagement with an implant, the distance member having a prefabricated external shape to be individually adapted to a given dental situation for the purpose of rendering unnecessary substantial shape modification work in connection with construction of the superstructure in the jaw, the prefabricated shape having a shelf-shaped projecting flange at the transition of the upper part and the lower part, an internal counterholder in the longitudinal bore to prevent torque being transmitted from a tool to the implant, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
- 5c -ADVANTAGES
By means of the above proposals, it is possible to propose a distance member set which complies with a very large number of main types of dental situations, which in turn means that considerable optimization is possible for the majority of dental situations. Use can be made of existing principles with regard to tightening tools with counterholders. Visual indications of the connection of the replacement material to the distance member and implant can be obtained. Grinding and adaptation work can be considerably reduced, as can patient treatment time. The invention can be made applicable for distance members made of various materials (titanium, gold, ceramics etc.).
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A currently proposed embodiment of the method, the arrangement, the set of distance members and the distance member is to be described below with simultaneous reference to the attached drawings, in which Figures 1-ic show in longitudinal section and side and end views a first exemplary embodiment of a distance.member, where the tightening tool has also been indicated symbolically, Figure 2 shows in perspective parts of a lower jaw, into which implants have been surgically inserted, distance members, which have been provided with a superstructure in the form of a dental bridge, being fastened to the implants, Figure 3 shows in vertical section parts of a human lower jaw and, arranged therein, implants on which a superstructure has been mounted, and Figures 4-17 show in cross-section and side views a number of distance members of various constructions, which form part of a set.
DETAILED EMBODIMENT
Figures 1-ic show a first embodiment of a distance member 1. In Figure 1, dentine is represented symbolically by 2 and soft tissue of the dentine by 3. An implant which has been incorporated into the dentine is designated by 4. The distance member is screwed into the implant by a screw 5 which has an external thread which interacts in a known manner with an internal thread in the implant. The distance member has an upper part la and a lower part lb. A lower surface ic (Figure la) bears against an upper surface on the implant, likewise in a known manner. The distance member is coned upwardly/outwardly from the lower surface lc and the half angle a of the cone is roughly 20 . The length L of the distance member is roughly 11 mm and the length 1 of the lower part lb is roughly 1.5 mm. The lower part lb is provided with an internal hexagonal recess (Figure lb), by means of which the distance member is rotationally fixed relative to the implant which has a hexagonal nut projecting up into the hexagonal recess. The distance member has an internal recess le, in the bottom part of which a counterhblder member if is arranged. Via the recess and the counterholder member, a tightening tool 6 for the screw 5 is introduced. The tool may be of a type known per se and include a screwdriver 6a which can be brought into engagement with a screwdriver recess in the screw in a known manner. By means of the counterholder member, torsional forces are prevented from being transmitted from the tool to the body of the distance member and in this way torsional forces are prevented from being transmitted from the tool to the implant 4-.
The counterholder member is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner in the recess le, cf. Figure ic.
It is also characteristic of the distance member 1 that it has a transition ig which is made in the form of an upwardly directed (in Figure la) shelf which marks the transition between the upper and lower parts la and lb respectively of the distance piece. According to the exemplary embodiment, the upper part is to be covered by a dental bridge or crown, the material of which is indicated by 7 in Figure 1. The edge of the transition forms a visually noticeable edge which facilitates the work of the dentist and the modelmaker. The diameter D of the transition is roughly 4.5 mm in the case shown. The transition ig is also characterized by a sharp external corner which becomes a concave upwardly directed radius R of roughly 1 mm. The upper part is coned upwardly/inwardly and its half cone angle 9 is roughly 2 .
Figure 2 indicates by 8 a superstructure in the form of a dental bridge on and between two implants 9 and 10. A distance member 11 and 12 respectively according to the above is fastened on each respective implant. The superstructure includes sleeves 13 and 14 respectively and bridge material 15. The jaw is symbolized by 16 and teeth therein by 17.
Figure 3 shows on enlarged scale the superstructure 8' and the bridge material 15'. The visible line or transition is designated here by 18.
Screw tightening by means of the tool 6' is effected in a stage before the application of the cement 15'. The cementing is effected in such a manner that, in the finished state, there are no access holes for the screw 30' members 11' and 12' respectively.
Figure 4 shows in longitudinal section a further embodiment of a distance member. In this case, the upper and lower parts la' and lb' are angled in relation to one another. This means that the length of the lower part (cf. 1 in Figure la) varies around the periphery. In the figure, the centre line of the lower part is indicated by 19 and the centre line of the upper part is indicated by 20. According to the embodiment shown, said centre line is inclined at an angle X of roughly 20 . The recess le' has as its centre line the centre line 19 of the lower part and in this way the recess extends obliquely in the inclined upper part la'.
Figure 5 shows a further embodiment where the length L' and the diameter D' differ from the corresponding length and diameter in the embodiment described above.
The embodiment according to Figure 6 has the same length L as the embodiment according to Figure la while, on the other hand, the diameter D" differs from the diameters D and D' respectively according to the above.
Figure 7 shows an embodiment with different values for the length L'' and the diameter D"' and also the half cone angle 0'. These values may be selected to be roughly 8 mm, roughly 6 mm and roughly 4 respectively.
In the embodiment according to Figure 8, the length 1' has been increased in relation to the embodiments according to the above. In this case, the diameter D"' and the angle /3' apply, cf. above.
In the embodiment according to Figure 9, the distance member has a transition part ih which is essentially cylindrical and is roughly 2 mm long. The angle cY' has in this case been selected- to be roughly 40 . The diameter D"" has been selected to be roughly 7 mm. The length L and the angle /3' apply in this case.
The embodiment according to Figure 10 shows a variant where the upper and lower parts la' and ib' respectively have been angled in relation to one another in accordance with the embodiment according to Figure 4.
The angle X between the centre lines 19 and 20 is selected to be roughly 15 and 8' is selected to be roughly 4 . The angle a 20 is also used in this case. In this case, a length La, representing the length of the upper part, has been selected to be roughly 8 mm.
The embodiment according to Figure 11 differs from the embodiment according to Figure 9 in that the values of the angle X' and the length La' have been changed to roughly 25 and roughly 7.75 mm respectively.
Method and arrangement for executing a cemented superstructure and also distance member and set of distance members.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates inter alia to a method for executing a cemented superstructure on one or more distance member(s) which can respectively be mounted on an implant assigned to it (them) in the jaw (human jaw) by means of a screw member. The invention also relates to an arrangement for such a cemented superstructure in the jaw, where one or more distance member(s) can be mounted on implants assigned to it (them) with the aid of screw members. In the finished state, the superstructure has no access passage for the respective screw member(s). The invention also relates to a set of distance members which can respectively be mounted on an implant assigned to them in the jaw by means of a screw member, where one or more distance member(s) is (are) intended to form part, in the jaw, of a cemented superstructure which, in the finished state, has no access passage for the respective screw member(s).
-I'he invention also relates to a distance member for making possible a cemented superstructure in the jaw, which member can be fastened to the implant in the jaw by means of a screw member.
STATE OF THE ART
It is previously known to form a cemented superstructure on distance members anchored in implants in the human jaw. It is also previously known to design distance members with counterholders in order to prevent the transmission of torsional or torque forces to the implant in connection with tightening by means of tools.
As an example of other counterholding functions in connection with such tools, refer inter alia to Swedish patent 466 786. It is also previously -known to individually adapt distance members to different dentai situations. In different dental situations, it is also previously known to make use of screw member sets, from which the selection for the situation concerned can be made.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
- In a cemented superstructure, problems arise inter alia because there are no access holes for the respective screw member(s) in the finished structure.
During adjustment and repair work in such structures, difficulties thus occur with regard to-freeing these structures from the implants without the risk arising of the structure and/or the implants being destroyed.
Measures aimed at reducing to the greatest possible extent the requirement for carrying out repair work on finished superstructures involve placing special demands on the screw joints so that these do not loosen on the dental bridge or dental crown once it has been completed.
It is also important that the components forming part of the dental bridge or equivalent can be designed and constructed so that the technical dental work is facilitated to the greatest possible extent. Major grinding-down and shape modification work during production of the superstructure and cementing are preferably to be avoided, not least out of consideration for the patient. This also applies to impression-taking and model-production work.
The invention aims to solve inter alia these problems. By means of the invention, it is possible, for example, to obtain a visual indication of the delimiting line of the dental bridge or dental crown in relation to the respective distance piece. By means of the invention, great adaptability to different individual appearances and positions in the jaw is also made possible, which is a necessary prerequisite because of the great individual differences represented by patients. It is also important that the distance member set can provide for shapes that can be related to existing incorporation-type distance pieces. It is thus important, for example, that the distance members have cone angles that essentially correspond to those of incorporation-type distance pieces so that bone and soft tissue do not get in the way when the distance members are mounted. The invention also solves these problems.
SOLUTION
The new method according to the above can mainly be considered to be characterized in that a set of distance members which are intended for different individual dental situations is provided, in that each respective distance member in the set provided is made with an internal counterholder for a tightening tool that is used when tightening the respective screw member, which counterholder prevents torque being transmitted from the tightening tool to the implant during tightening, in that a considerable number, preferably at least 8001, of the distance members in the set are individually externally shaped so as to provide for individual anatomical shapes which are impressed on the cementing function and which are optimized for a number of main types of dental situations, by means of which impression substantial modification work on the respective anatomical shape in connection with construction of the cemented superstructure in the jaw is essentially rendered unnecessary, and in that one or more distance member(s) that is (are) optimum or most practicable for the given dental situation is (are) selected from the set of distance members provided.
An arrangement according to the type indicated in the introduction is characterized by the following combination, that is to say in that each respective distance member is made or provided with an internal counterholder member for a tightening tool, which counterholder member is designed to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the respective implant in connection with tightening of the respective screw member, in that each respective distance member has a prefabricated external shape which is essentially individualized to the given dental situation, and in that the prefabricated individual external shape of the respective distance member is likewise designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved without the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure.
The new set of distance members can mainly be considered to be characterized by the following combination, that is to say in that the distance members are designed with prefabricated individual external shapes which are adapted to main types of different dental situations, in that the prefabricated individual external shape of a considerable proportion, at least 80%, of the set is designed to comply with the cementing function involved without the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure in the jaw, and in that each respective distance member is made or provided with an internal counterholder member for a tightening tool, which counterholder member is designed to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant concerned in connection with tightening of the respective screw member.
A distance member according to the invention can mainly be considered to be characterized by the following-combination which is characterized in that the distance member is assigned a prefabricated external shape, in that the prefabricated external shape is individually adapted to a given dental situation for the purpose of rendering unnecessary substantial shape modification work in connection with construction of the superstructure in the jaw, in that the prefabricated shape has a shelf-shaped projecting part or projecting flange located between the upper and lower parts of the distance member, and in that the distance member is or can be designed with an internal counterholder which prevents torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a method of executing a cemented superstructure wherein an implant is secured to a human jaw by means of a screw member threadably engaged with the implant, mounting a distance member over the implant, and passing the screw member through the distance member and into the implant, characterized in providing a set of distance members which are intended for different individual dental situations, providing each distance member with an internal counterholder, providing a majority of the distance members in the set with individually external different shapes so as to provide for individual anatomical shapes which are impressed on the cementing function and which are optimized for a number of main types of dental situations to minimize substantial modification work on the respective anatomical shapes in connection with the construction of the cemented superstructure in the jaw, selecting at least one distance member from the set for the mounting on the implant, mounting the distance member over the implant, inserting a tightening tool into the distance member, engaging the tightening tool with the counterholder and with the screw member, preventing torque from being transmitted from the tightening tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member as a result of the engagement of the counterholder with the tightening tool, removing the tightening tool after the implant has been tightened, and applying a cemented superstructure around the distance member.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is also provided an arrangement for a cemented - 5a -superstructure in the human jaw comprising the combination of an implant and a distance member mounted on the implant and a screw extending through a longitudinal bore in the distance member and threadably engaged with the implant, characterized in that the distance member is one of a plurality of a set of distance members, each of the distance members being of one piece construction having an internal counterholder in its longitudinal bore for engagement with a tightening tool to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member, each of the distance members having a prefabricated external shape to provide essentially individualized shapes for given dental situations with the prefabricated individual external shape of a respective distance member being designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved to minimize the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure, each of the distance members having an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
According to a still further aspect of the invention, there is provided a set of distance members which can respectively be mounted on an implant in the human jaw by means of a screw member extending through a distance member and into the implant, characterized in that each of the distance members has a longitudinal bore, each of the distance members being of one piece construction having an internal counterholder in the longitudinal bore for engagement with a tightening tool to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member, each of the distance members having a prefabricated external shape to provide essentially individualized shapes for given dental situations with the - 5b -prefabricated individual external shape of a respective distance member being designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved to minimize the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure, each of the distance members having an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
According yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a distance member for making possible a cemented superstructure in the jaw which member can be fastened to an implant in the jaw by means of a screw member, characterized in that the distance member is of one piece construction and includes an upper part and a lower part, a longitudinal bore extending completely through the distance member, an exposed recess at the end of the bore in the lower part for engagement with an implant, the distance member having a prefabricated external shape to be individually adapted to a given dental situation for the purpose of rendering unnecessary substantial shape modification work in connection with construction of the superstructure in the jaw, the prefabricated shape having a shelf-shaped projecting flange at the transition of the upper part and the lower part, an internal counterholder in the longitudinal bore to prevent torque being transmitted from a tool to the implant, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
- 5c -ADVANTAGES
By means of the above proposals, it is possible to propose a distance member set which complies with a very large number of main types of dental situations, which in turn means that considerable optimization is possible for the majority of dental situations. Use can be made of existing principles with regard to tightening tools with counterholders. Visual indications of the connection of the replacement material to the distance member and implant can be obtained. Grinding and adaptation work can be considerably reduced, as can patient treatment time. The invention can be made applicable for distance members made of various materials (titanium, gold, ceramics etc.).
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A currently proposed embodiment of the method, the arrangement, the set of distance members and the distance member is to be described below with simultaneous reference to the attached drawings, in which Figures 1-ic show in longitudinal section and side and end views a first exemplary embodiment of a distance.member, where the tightening tool has also been indicated symbolically, Figure 2 shows in perspective parts of a lower jaw, into which implants have been surgically inserted, distance members, which have been provided with a superstructure in the form of a dental bridge, being fastened to the implants, Figure 3 shows in vertical section parts of a human lower jaw and, arranged therein, implants on which a superstructure has been mounted, and Figures 4-17 show in cross-section and side views a number of distance members of various constructions, which form part of a set.
DETAILED EMBODIMENT
Figures 1-ic show a first embodiment of a distance member 1. In Figure 1, dentine is represented symbolically by 2 and soft tissue of the dentine by 3. An implant which has been incorporated into the dentine is designated by 4. The distance member is screwed into the implant by a screw 5 which has an external thread which interacts in a known manner with an internal thread in the implant. The distance member has an upper part la and a lower part lb. A lower surface ic (Figure la) bears against an upper surface on the implant, likewise in a known manner. The distance member is coned upwardly/outwardly from the lower surface lc and the half angle a of the cone is roughly 20 . The length L of the distance member is roughly 11 mm and the length 1 of the lower part lb is roughly 1.5 mm. The lower part lb is provided with an internal hexagonal recess (Figure lb), by means of which the distance member is rotationally fixed relative to the implant which has a hexagonal nut projecting up into the hexagonal recess. The distance member has an internal recess le, in the bottom part of which a counterhblder member if is arranged. Via the recess and the counterholder member, a tightening tool 6 for the screw 5 is introduced. The tool may be of a type known per se and include a screwdriver 6a which can be brought into engagement with a screwdriver recess in the screw in a known manner. By means of the counterholder member, torsional forces are prevented from being transmitted from the tool to the body of the distance member and in this way torsional forces are prevented from being transmitted from the tool to the implant 4-.
The counterholder member is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner in the recess le, cf. Figure ic.
It is also characteristic of the distance member 1 that it has a transition ig which is made in the form of an upwardly directed (in Figure la) shelf which marks the transition between the upper and lower parts la and lb respectively of the distance piece. According to the exemplary embodiment, the upper part is to be covered by a dental bridge or crown, the material of which is indicated by 7 in Figure 1. The edge of the transition forms a visually noticeable edge which facilitates the work of the dentist and the modelmaker. The diameter D of the transition is roughly 4.5 mm in the case shown. The transition ig is also characterized by a sharp external corner which becomes a concave upwardly directed radius R of roughly 1 mm. The upper part is coned upwardly/inwardly and its half cone angle 9 is roughly 2 .
Figure 2 indicates by 8 a superstructure in the form of a dental bridge on and between two implants 9 and 10. A distance member 11 and 12 respectively according to the above is fastened on each respective implant. The superstructure includes sleeves 13 and 14 respectively and bridge material 15. The jaw is symbolized by 16 and teeth therein by 17.
Figure 3 shows on enlarged scale the superstructure 8' and the bridge material 15'. The visible line or transition is designated here by 18.
Screw tightening by means of the tool 6' is effected in a stage before the application of the cement 15'. The cementing is effected in such a manner that, in the finished state, there are no access holes for the screw 30' members 11' and 12' respectively.
Figure 4 shows in longitudinal section a further embodiment of a distance member. In this case, the upper and lower parts la' and lb' are angled in relation to one another. This means that the length of the lower part (cf. 1 in Figure la) varies around the periphery. In the figure, the centre line of the lower part is indicated by 19 and the centre line of the upper part is indicated by 20. According to the embodiment shown, said centre line is inclined at an angle X of roughly 20 . The recess le' has as its centre line the centre line 19 of the lower part and in this way the recess extends obliquely in the inclined upper part la'.
Figure 5 shows a further embodiment where the length L' and the diameter D' differ from the corresponding length and diameter in the embodiment described above.
The embodiment according to Figure 6 has the same length L as the embodiment according to Figure la while, on the other hand, the diameter D" differs from the diameters D and D' respectively according to the above.
Figure 7 shows an embodiment with different values for the length L'' and the diameter D"' and also the half cone angle 0'. These values may be selected to be roughly 8 mm, roughly 6 mm and roughly 4 respectively.
In the embodiment according to Figure 8, the length 1' has been increased in relation to the embodiments according to the above. In this case, the diameter D"' and the angle /3' apply, cf. above.
In the embodiment according to Figure 9, the distance member has a transition part ih which is essentially cylindrical and is roughly 2 mm long. The angle cY' has in this case been selected- to be roughly 40 . The diameter D"" has been selected to be roughly 7 mm. The length L and the angle /3' apply in this case.
The embodiment according to Figure 10 shows a variant where the upper and lower parts la' and ib' respectively have been angled in relation to one another in accordance with the embodiment according to Figure 4.
The angle X between the centre lines 19 and 20 is selected to be roughly 15 and 8' is selected to be roughly 4 . The angle a 20 is also used in this case. In this case, a length La, representing the length of the upper part, has been selected to be roughly 8 mm.
The embodiment according to Figure 11 differs from the embodiment according to Figure 9 in that the values of the angle X' and the length La' have been changed to roughly 25 and roughly 7.75 mm respectively.
Moreover, the transition between the upper and lower parts is asymmetrical around the periphery with a greatest straight part lh' on the far left in the figure and a sharp transition ig on the far right in the figure.
Moreover, a value of roughly 5.8 mm is used for the diameter D'I'll.
The embodiment according to Figure 12 shows a new combination of the values for the length L'', the angle a', the angle A and the diameter D"'.
Figure 13 shows a further combination of length, angles and diameter.
In Figure 14, the size of the angle a is roughly 350. Otherwise, the values L'', diameter D"" and angle Q' are used, cf. above.
The embodiment according to Figure 15 uses the values L, angle cx' , angle 0 and diameter D" cf.
above.
In the embodiment according to Figure 16, a diameter D..... ' of roughly 8 mm is used. Moreover, the values for the length L, the angle a', the angle ;Q' and the transition ih are used, cf. above.
The embodiment according to Figure 17 shows a new angled variant where the value of the length La " is roughly 7.7 mm. Moreover, the values L, 0 and X as above are used for the length concerned and the angles respectively.
According to the above, angles, lengths and diameters with the same reference designations have the same values, e.g. the designation L has the single length value of roughly 11 mm, the length L" has the single value'of roughly- 8 mm etc. The various distance pieces have in principle the reference designations 1, 1', 111, 1"" etc.
The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown above by way of example but can be subjected to modifications within the scope of the patent claims below and the inventive idea.
Moreover, a value of roughly 5.8 mm is used for the diameter D'I'll.
The embodiment according to Figure 12 shows a new combination of the values for the length L'', the angle a', the angle A and the diameter D"'.
Figure 13 shows a further combination of length, angles and diameter.
In Figure 14, the size of the angle a is roughly 350. Otherwise, the values L'', diameter D"" and angle Q' are used, cf. above.
The embodiment according to Figure 15 uses the values L, angle cx' , angle 0 and diameter D" cf.
above.
In the embodiment according to Figure 16, a diameter D..... ' of roughly 8 mm is used. Moreover, the values for the length L, the angle a', the angle ;Q' and the transition ih are used, cf. above.
The embodiment according to Figure 17 shows a new angled variant where the value of the length La " is roughly 7.7 mm. Moreover, the values L, 0 and X as above are used for the length concerned and the angles respectively.
According to the above, angles, lengths and diameters with the same reference designations have the same values, e.g. the designation L has the single length value of roughly 11 mm, the length L" has the single value'of roughly- 8 mm etc. The various distance pieces have in principle the reference designations 1, 1', 111, 1"" etc.
The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown above by way of example but can be subjected to modifications within the scope of the patent claims below and the inventive idea.
Claims (28)
1. A method of executing a cemented superstructure wherein an implant is secured to a human jaw by means of a screw member threadably engaged with the implant, mounting a distance member over the implant, and passing the screw member through the distance member and into the implant, characterized in providing a set of distance members which are intended for different individual dental situations, providing each distance member with an internal counterholder, providing a majority of the distance members in the set with individually external different shapes so as to provide for individual anatomical shapes which are impressed on the cementing function and which are optimized for a number of main types of dental situations to minimize substantial modification work on the respective anatomical shapes in connection with the construction of the cemented superstructure in the jaw, selecting at least one distance member from the set for the mounting on the implant, mounting the distance member over the implant, inserting a tightening tool into the distance member, engaging the tightening tool with the counterholder and with the screw member, preventing torque from being transmitted from the tightening tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member as a result of the engagement of the counterholder with the tightening tool, removing the tightening tool after the implant has been tightened, and applying a cemented superstructure around the distance member.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in applying the superstructure in such a manner that the superstructure is free of an access passage for the respective screw member.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 80% of the distance members in the set are provided which differ individual externally from each other.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the distance members has an upper part and a lower part, and each lower part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
5. An arrangement for a cemented superstructure in the human jaw comprising the combination of an implant and a distance member mounted on the implant and a screw extending through a longitudinal bore in the distance member and threadably engaged with the implant, characterized in that the distance member is one of a plurality of a set of distance members, each of the distance members being of one piece construction having an internal counterholder in its longitudinal bore for engagement with a tightening tool to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member, each of the distance members having a prefabricated external shape to provide essentially individualized shapes for given dental situations with the prefabricated individual external shape of a respective distance member being designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved to minimize the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure, each of the distance members having an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
6. The arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper part and the lower part of the distance member are connected to each other by a shelf-shaped projecting part.
7. The arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the projecting part terminates in a sharp external edge which then is curved upwardly with a concave radius.
8. The arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the projecting part comprises a transition capable of being an indicating surface to indicate the relation between the location of the implant and the location of a dental material that would cover the distance member.
9. The arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower part diverges conically upwardly and outwardly, a majority of the distance members in the set differing from each other with regard to at least one of the parameters of the lengths and the diameters at a transition of the upper part to the lower part and with regard to the conical angle of the lower part and the conical angle of the upper part and with regard to angle of inclination of the center line of the upper part with respect to the center part of the lower part.
10. The arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that at least 80% of the distance members differ externally from each other.
11. The arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower part is conically shaped upwardly and outwardly at a half cone angle between 20°
and 40°.
and 40°.
12. The arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance member lower part has a length of 1-3mm.
13. The arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the length of the lower part is about 1.5mm.
14. A set of distance members which can respectively be mounted on an implant in the human jaw by means of a screw member extending through a distance member and into the implant, characterized in that each of the distance members has a longitudinal bore, each of the distance members being of one piece construction having an internal counterholder in the longitudinal bore for engagement with a tightening tool to prevent torque being transmitted from the tool to the implant during the tightening of the screw member, each of the distance members having a prefabricated external shape to provide essentially individualized shapes for given dental situations with the prefabricated individual external shape of a respective distance member being designed to comply with the cementing function requirements involved to minimize the need for substantial shape modification work during construction of the superstructure, each of the distance members having an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
15. The set according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper part and the lower part of the distance member are connected to each other by a shelf-shaped projecting part.
16. The set according to claim 15, characterized in that the projecting part comprises a transition capable of being an indicating surface to indicate the relation between the location of the implant and the location of a dental material that would cover the distance member.
17. The set according to claim 15, characterized in that the projecting part terminates in a sharp external edge which then is curved upwardly with a concave radius.
18. The set according to claim 14, characterized in that the lower part diverges conically upwardly and outwardly, a majority of the distance members in the set differing from each other with regard to at least one of the parameters of the lengths and the diameters at a transition of the upper part to the lower part and with regard to the conical angle of the lower part and the conical angle of the upper part and with regard to angle of inclination of the center line of the upper part with respect to the center part of the lower part.
19. The set according to claim 18, characterized in that at least 80% of the distance members differ externally from each other.
20. The set according to claim 14, characterized in that the lower part is conically shaped upwardly and outwardly at a half cone angle between 20° and 40°.
21. The arrangement according to claim 14 characterized in that the distance member lower part has a length of 1-3mm.
22. A distance member for making possible a cemented superstructure in the jaw which member can be fastened to an implant in the jaw by means of a screw member, characterized in that the distance member is of one piece construction and includes an upper part and a lower part, a longitudinal bore extending completely through the distance member, an exposed recess at the end of the bore in the lower part for engagement with an implant, the distance member having a prefabricated external shape to be individually adapted to a given dental situation for the purpose of rendering unnecessary substantial shape modification work in connection with construction of the superstructure in the jaw, the prefabricated shape having a shelf-shaped projecting flange at the transition of the upper part and the lower part, an internal counterholder in the longitudinal bore to prevent torque being transmitted from a tool to the implant, and the upper part being conically shaped upwardly and inwardly.
23. The distance member according to claim 22, characterized in that the transition is designed with a sharp external upper surface which curves upwardly with a concave radius.
24. The distance member according to claim 22, characterized in that the lower part is conically shaped upwardly and outwardly at a half cone angle between 20°
and 40°.
and 40°.
25. The distance member according to claim 22, characterized in that the projecting part comprises a transition capable of being an indicating surface to indicate the relation between the location of the implant and the location of a dental material that would cover the distance member.
26. The distance member according to claim 22, characterized in that the lower part is conically shaped upwardly and outwardly at a half cone angle between 20°
and 40°.
and 40°.
27. The distance member according to claim 22, characterized in that the distance member lower part has a length of 1-3mm.
28. The distance member according to claim 22, characterized in that the distance member is made from a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, gold and ceramic.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9702144A SE509522C2 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Method and apparatus for effecting cemented superstructure as well as spacers and range of spacers |
| SE9702144-8 | 1997-06-03 | ||
| PCT/SE1998/000994 WO1998055040A1 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-05-27 | Method and arrangement for executing a cemented superstructure and also distance member and set of distance members |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2293485A1 CA2293485A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| CA2293485C true CA2293485C (en) | 2007-09-25 |
Family
ID=20407260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002293485A Expired - Fee Related CA2293485C (en) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-05-27 | Method and arrangement for executing a cemented superstructure and also distance member and set of distance members |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6276938B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0987994B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002502288A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE311825T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU743811B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2293485C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69832701T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2253819T3 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE509522C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998055040A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20010076313A (en) | 2000-01-18 | 2001-08-11 | 키이스 디 | Preparation coping for creating an accurate permanent post to support a final prosthesis and method for creating the same |
| DE10007678A1 (en) * | 2000-02-19 | 2001-08-23 | Wieland Edelmetalle | Implant mount used for a tooth implant comprises a support element connected to a molded part |
| US6824386B2 (en) * | 2001-11-01 | 2004-11-30 | Astra Tech Ab | Components for improved impression making |
| IL190642A (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2011-06-30 | Biomet 3I Llc | Dental implant system |
| DE20304755U1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2003-05-22 | Oraltronics Dental Implant Tec | Jaw implant, in particular a single-phase dental (definitive) implant with a straight and angled post course |
| DE102004018512A1 (en) * | 2004-04-14 | 2005-11-17 | Robert Laux | Implant part in a dental implant |
| US7322824B2 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2008-01-29 | Schmitt Stephen M | Design and manufacture of dental implant restorations |
| US8043091B2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2011-10-25 | Voxelogix Corporation | Computer machined dental tooth system and method |
| US8366442B2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2013-02-05 | Bankruptcy Estate Of Voxelogix Corporation | Dental apparatus for radiographic and non-radiographic imaging |
| EP2053986B1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2013-07-03 | Heraeus Dental AB | Dental superstructure, and a method of manufacture thereof |
| DE202007019557U1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2013-08-07 | Biomain Ab | Dental superstructure |
| WO2008030965A2 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-13 | Voxelogix Corporation | Methods for the virtual design and computer manufacture of intra oral devices |
| US7835811B2 (en) * | 2006-10-07 | 2010-11-16 | Voxelogix Corporation | Surgical guides and methods for positioning artificial teeth and dental implants |
| US20080228303A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-18 | Schmitt Stephen M | Direct manufacture of dental and medical devices |
| US8348669B1 (en) | 2009-11-04 | 2013-01-08 | Bankruptcy Estate Of Voxelogix Corporation | Surgical template and method for positioning dental casts and dental implants |
| US20120288826A1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-11-15 | Fitton Iii Russell P | Dental Implants and Methods for Their Insertion into Patients |
| US10201405B2 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2019-02-12 | Biomet 3I, Llc | System and method of dental implant and interface to abutment for restoration |
| GB2509138A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Nobel Biocare Services Ag | Dental component with screw fixation |
| GB2509135A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Nobel Biocare Services Ag | An abutment with conical metal adapter |
| GB2509136A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | Nobel Biocare Services Ag | Dental component with metal adapter |
| CA2920441C (en) | 2013-09-23 | 2020-10-27 | Esteban Xam-Mar Mangrane | Interface element for dental prostheses |
| DE102019110647A1 (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-29 | Robert Laux | Construction post for a dental implant |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE463392B (en) * | 1989-09-15 | 1990-11-19 | Nobelpharma Ab | THE DISTANCE ORGANIZATION OF A KEKBENSFOER ANCHORED DENTAL IMPLANT |
| SE466786B (en) | 1989-11-13 | 1992-04-06 | Nobelpharma Ab | DEVICE PROVIDED FOR THE CONTROL OF A SCREW CONNECTOR IN A BENFOAR ANCHORED DENTAL IMPLANT |
| US5052929A (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 1991-10-01 | Seal D Greg | Method for constructing a custom abutment for use in association with dental implants |
| US5350302A (en) * | 1990-07-05 | 1994-09-27 | Marlin Gerald M | Implant collar and post system |
| US5108288A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-04-28 | Perry William L | Non-rotational prosthodontic restoration |
| US5302125A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Kownacki Charles D | Dental prosthetic implant |
| SE502561C2 (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-11-13 | Nobelpharma Ab | Spacer means for an attachment element permanently anchored in the jaw bone |
| US5674069A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1997-10-07 | Osorio; Julian | Customized dental abutment |
| US5733122A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1998-03-31 | Gordon; Basil | Dental implant attachment assembly including device and method for resisting loosening of attachment |
-
1997
- 1997-06-03 SE SE9702144A patent/SE509522C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-05-27 US US09/424,358 patent/US6276938B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-27 DE DE69832701T patent/DE69832701T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-27 JP JP50223499A patent/JP2002502288A/en active Pending
- 1998-05-27 EP EP98928710A patent/EP0987994B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-27 AT AT98928710T patent/ATE311825T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-27 CA CA002293485A patent/CA2293485C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-27 AU AU80441/98A patent/AU743811B2/en not_active Expired
- 1998-05-27 ES ES98928710T patent/ES2253819T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-05-27 WO PCT/SE1998/000994 patent/WO1998055040A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE9702144L (en) | 1998-12-04 |
| EP0987994B1 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| ES2253819T3 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| CA2293485A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| DE69832701D1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
| JP2002502288A (en) | 2002-01-22 |
| WO1998055040A1 (en) | 1998-12-10 |
| AU743811B2 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
| EP0987994A1 (en) | 2000-03-29 |
| DE69832701T2 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| US6276938B1 (en) | 2001-08-21 |
| ATE311825T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| SE9702144D0 (en) | 1997-06-03 |
| SE509522C2 (en) | 1999-02-08 |
| AU8044198A (en) | 1998-12-21 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20130528 |