CA2344479A1 - Water-soluble fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals - Google Patents

Water-soluble fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2344479A1
CA2344479A1 CA002344479A CA2344479A CA2344479A1 CA 2344479 A1 CA2344479 A1 CA 2344479A1 CA 002344479 A CA002344479 A CA 002344479A CA 2344479 A CA2344479 A CA 2344479A CA 2344479 A1 CA2344479 A1 CA 2344479A1
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water
nanocrystal
group
branched
soluble
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CA002344479A
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French (fr)
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CA2344479C (en
Inventor
Moungi G. Bawendi
Frederick V. Mikulec
Jin-Kyu Lee
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Priority claimed from PCT/US1999/021375 external-priority patent/WO2000017655A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/007—Tellurides or selenides of metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
    • G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
    • G01N33/533—Production of labelled immunochemicals with fluorescent label
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
    • G01N33/588—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with semiconductor nanocrystal label, e.g. quantum dots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2991—Coated
    • Y10T428/2998—Coated including synthetic resin or polymer

Abstract

A water-soluble semiconductor nanocrystal capable of light emission is provided. The nanocrystal including a semiconductor nanocrystal core having a selected band gap energy, a shell layer overcoating the core comprised of a semiconductor material having a band gap energy greater than that of the semiconductor nanocrystal, and an outer layer comprised of a molecule having at least one linking group for attachment of the molecule to the overcoating shell layer and at least one hydrophilic group optionally spaced apart from the linking group by a hydrophobic region sufficient to prevent electron charge transfer across the hydrophobic region.

Claims (37)

1. A water-soluble semiconductor nanocrystal capable of energy emission, comprising:
a semiconductor nanocrystal core having a selected band gap energy;
a shell layer overcoating the semiconductor nanocrystal core, the shell comprised of a semiconductor material having a band gap energy greater than that of the core;
an outer layer comprising a molecule having a first portion comprising at least one linking group for attachment to the nanocrystal and a second portion comprising at least one hydrophilic group.
2. A water-soluble semiconductor nanocrystal capable of energy emission, comprising:
a semiconductor nanocrystal core having a selected band gap energy;
and an outer layer comprising a molecule having a first portion comprising at least one linking group for attachment to the nanocrystal and a second portion comprising at least one hydrophilic group.
3. A water-soluble semiconductor nanocrystal capable of energy emission, comprising:
a semiconductor nanocrystal core having a selected band gap energy;
a shell layer overcoating the semiconductor nanocrystal core, the shell comprised of a semiconductor material having a band gap energy greater than that of the semiconductor nanocrystal; and a bilayer overcoating the shell, the bilayer comprising:
an inner layer having affinity for the shell; and an outer layer comprising a molecule having a hydrophilic group spaced apart from the inner layer by a hydrophobic region adjacent to the inner layer.
4. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the linking group comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of amines, thiols, phosphines, phosphine oxides, and amine oxides.
5. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic group is a charged or polar group.
6. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylate (-CO2~), sulfonate (-SO3), hydroxide (-OH), alkoxides, ammonium salts (-NH4+), and phosphate (-PO4-2) and phosphonate (-PO3-2).
7. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic group comprises an unsaturated hydrophilic group that is crosslinkable or polymerizable.
8. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 7, wherein the unsaturated hydrophilic group is selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, and hydrophilically derivatized styrene.
9. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, wherein the compound comprises two or more hydrophilic groups.
10. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first portion is spaced apart from the second portion by a hydrophobic region.
11. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 10, wherein the hydrophobic region comprises a hydrocarbon chain of the formula -(CH2)n-, where n is greater than or equal to six.
12. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the molecule has structural formula (I), (I) H2X((CH2)nCO2H)y or a salt thereof, wherein:
X is the first portion of the ligand and is N, P or O=P;
n is greater than or equal to 6; and z and y are selected to satisfy the valence requirements of X.
13. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the molecule has structural formula (II), wherein:
Y is the hydrophilic moiety;
Z is a hydrophobic region having a backbone of at least six atoms;
X and X' are individually or together the linking groups, are the same or different and are selected from the group of S, N, P and O=P, or are linked together to form a 5-membered to 8-membered ring upon coordination to the nanocrystal surface.
14. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the molecule has structural formula (III), wherein:
Y is the hydrophilic moiety;
Z is a hydrophobic region having a backbone of at least six atoms;
X, X' and X" are individually or together linking groups, are the same or different and are selected from the group of S, N, P and O=P, or are linked together to form a 5-membered to 8-membered ring upon coordination to the nanocrystal surface.
15. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the molecule has the structural formula (IV), (IV) (R1)a-R2-[(R3)b(R4)c]d wherein:
R1 is the first portion and is selected from the group consisting of heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, -OR, -SR, -NHR, -NR'R", -N(O)HR, -N(O)R'R", -PHR, -PR'R", -p(NR'R")NR'R",-P(O)R'R", -P(O)(NR'R")NR'R, -P(O)(OR')OR", -P(O)OR, -P(O)NR'R", -P(S)(OR')OR", and -P(S)OR, wherein R, R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a branched or unbranched alkyl, a branched or unbranched alkenyl, a branched or unbranched alkynyl, a branched or unbranched heteroalkyl, a branched or unbranched heteroalkenyl and a branched or unbranched heteroalkynyl, with the proviso that when .alpha. is greater than 1 the R1 groups can be the same of different or can be linked to form a six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, or a six- to thirty-membered crown ether or heterocrown ether;
R2 is selected from a bond, a branched or unbranched alkylene, a branched or unbranched alkenylene, a branched or unbranched heteroalkylene, a branched or unbranched heteroalkenylene, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl;
R3 is selected from a branched or unbranched alkylene, a branched or unbranched alkenylene, a branched or unbranched heteroalkylene, a branched or unbranched heteroalkenylene, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl;
R4 is the second portion and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a carboxylate, a thiocarboxylate, an amide, an imide, a hydrazine, a sulfonate, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfite, a phosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphonium, an alcohol, a thiol, an amine, an ammonium, an alkyl ammonium a nitrate, a sugar moiety, and a five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl;
.alpha. is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
b is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
c is 0, 1, 2 or 3; and d is 0, 1, 2 or 3, wherein when d is 2 or 3 the R3 groups can be the same or different or can be linked together to form a five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
16. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R1 is a thiol, a phosphine, a phosphine oxide, or an amine.
17. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R2 contains between 6 and 20 atoms.
18. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 17, wherein R2 is a linear alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heteroalkylene, heteroalkenylene, heteroalkynylene, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic.
19. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein b is 1, 2 or 3, and R3 contains between 6 and 20 atoms.
20. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 19,wherein R3 is a linear alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, heteroalkylene, heteroalkenylene, heteroalkynylene, a cycloalkyl or a heterocyclic.
21. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 15, wherein R4 is a carboxylate (-COO-), a phosphonate (-PO3-). a sulfonate (-SO3-) or an ammonium (-N+HRR').
22. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the molecule comprises structural formula (V), (V) ~Y2(R1)~m'-R2~X2(R4)~n'-wherein:
X2 and Y2 are the same or different and are mer units selected from the group consisting of acrylate, styrene, imide, acrylamide, ethylene, vinyl, diacetylene, phenylene-vinylene, amino acid, sugar, sulfone, pyrrole, imidazole, thiophene and ether;
R1 is the first portion and is selected from the group consisting of heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, -OR, -SR, -NHR, -NR'R", -N(O)HR, -N(O)R'R", -PHR, -PR'R", -P(NR'R")NR'R",-P(O)R'R", -P(O)(NR'R")NR'R", -P(O)(OR')OR", -P(O)OR, -P(O)NR'R", -P(S)(OR')OR", and -P(S)OR, wherein R, R1 and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of H, a branched or unbranched alkyl, a branched or unbranched alkenyl, a branched or unbranched alkynyl, a branched or unbranched heteroalkyl, a branched or unbranched heteroalkenyl and a branched or unbranched heteroalkynyl, with the proviso that when .alpha. is greater than 1 the R1 groups can be the same of different or can be linked to form a six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, or a six- to thirty-membered crown ether or heterocrown ether;
R2 is selected from a bond, a branched or unbranched alkylene, a branched or unbranched alkenylene, a branched or unbranched heteroalkylene, a branched or unbranched heteroalkenylene, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl;
R4 is the second portion and is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a carboxylate, a thiocarboxylate, an amide, an imide, a hydrazine, a sulfonate, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a sulfite, a phosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphonium, an alcohol, a thiol, an amine, an ammonium, an alkyl ammonium a nitrate, a sugar moiety, and a five-, six-, seven-, eight-, nine- or ten-membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl;
m' is in the range of about 3 to 100; and n' is in the range of about 3 to 100.
23. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 22, wherein the molecule comprises the formula, wherein:
X is the same or different and is S, N, P or O=P, can include other substituents in order to satisfy valence requirements; Y is a hydrophilic moiety; R is H or a polar moiety; R' is H or a non-polar moiety; m is in the range about 3 to 100; and n is in the range about 3 to 100.
24. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 11 or 13, wherein n is in the range of 10 to 12.
25. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2, 3, 15 or 22, wherein the molecule is a multidentate ligand.
26. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the nanocrystal core is a Group II-VI, Group III-V or Group IV semiconductor.
27. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2, 3 or 26 wherein the core comprises CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, MgTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, GaN, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InSb, InN, AIAs, AlP, A1Sb, A1S, PbS, PbSe, Ge, Si, an alloy thereof, or a mixture thereof.
28. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 26 or 27, wherein the shell comprises ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, MgS, MgSe, GaAs, GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InN, InP, InSb, AlAs, AlN, AlP, AlSb, an alloy thereof, or a mixture thereof.
29. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2, 3, 26 or 27, wherein the core is CdSe and the shell is ZnS.
30. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 1, 2, 3, 26, 27, 28 or 29, wherein the core is a member of a monodisperse particle population.
31. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 30, wherein the monodisperse particle population is characterized in that when irradiated the population emits light in a spectral range less than about 40 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM), preferably no more than about 25 nm FWHM.
32. The water-soluble nanocrystal of claim 30, wherein the monodisperse particle population is characterized in that it exhibits no more than about a 10% rms deviation in the diameter of the core, preferably no more than about 5% rms deviation in the diameter of the core.
33. The water soluble nanocrystal of claim 3, wherein the inner layer comprises a coordinating lyophilic compound.
34. The water soluble nanocrystal of claim 33, wherein the coordinating lyophilic compound is selected from the group consisting of trialkyl phosphines, trialkyl phosphine oxides and alkyl amines.
35. The water soluble nanocrystal of claim 3, wherein the outer layer comprises a surfactant.
36. The water soluble nanocrystal of claim 35, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, C12H25(OCH2CH2)23OH, C18H37(OCH2CH2)10OH and C18H37(OCH2CH2)20 OH.
37. A composition, comprising:
a water soluble nanocrystal including a having a selected band gap energy and an outer layer comprising at least one water-solubilizing compound having at least one linking group for attachment of the compound to the overcoating layer and at least one hydrophilic group spaced apart from the linking group by a hydrophobic region sufficient to prevent electron charge transfer across the hydrophobic region, the water soluble nanocrystal dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous medium.
CA2344479A 1998-09-18 1999-09-17 Water-soluble fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals Expired - Lifetime CA2344479C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/156,863 US6251303B1 (en) 1998-09-18 1998-09-18 Water-soluble fluorescent nanocrystals
US09/156,863 1998-09-18
PCT/US1999/021375 WO2000017655A1 (en) 1998-09-18 1999-09-17 Water-soluble fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals

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CA2344479A1 true CA2344479A1 (en) 2000-03-30
CA2344479C CA2344479C (en) 2010-03-23

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US6251303B1 (en) 2001-06-26
US20010040232A1 (en) 2001-11-15

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