CA2345306A1 - Nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions - Google Patents
Nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2345306A1 CA2345306A1 CA002345306A CA2345306A CA2345306A1 CA 2345306 A1 CA2345306 A1 CA 2345306A1 CA 002345306 A CA002345306 A CA 002345306A CA 2345306 A CA2345306 A CA 2345306A CA 2345306 A1 CA2345306 A1 CA 2345306A1
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- water
- anhydrous
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
- A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G3/362—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/385—Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/39—Dry compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
Abstract
The present invention relates to nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions . More particularly it is concerned with improving compositions which due to t he presence of an efflorescent component may be unstable and prone to decomposition and/or spoilage. The problem is overcome by incorporating one or more anhydrous compounds into the composition in an amount capable of sequestering any water which may be released from one or more water containi ng components. The preferred anhydrous compounds are anhydrous or calcined MgSO 4 and CaO.
Description
m i ' WO 00/18259 PCT/GB99I03196 NUTRI1'lONAL AND PIiARMACEUTICAl. COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions.
More particularly it is concerned with improving compositions which due to the presence of an efflorescent component many be unstable and prone to decomposition and/or spoilage.
The release of "bound" water in so called " dry compositions" can activate degenerative reactions for a variety of reasons. In such compositions water may be bound as water of crystallisation. Where the composition contains a salt that has water of crystallisation, variations in temperature can cause release of this bound water. If the composition is contained in a closed environment such as a henmeticaliy sealed sachet, then the water vapour released may subsequently condense and produce a micro environment in which the amount of moisture is sufficient to cause a chemical reaction or microbiial spoilage. In the closed environment of a sachet of an effervescent preparation, the presence of moisture can lead to a premature reaction. This is manifested as evolution of gas which in extreme cases "blow" the sachet but more typically leads to a composition with a reduced activity.
Where pharmaceutical and nutritional compositions are known to be particularly sensitive to the presence of moisture, it its necessary to take precautions to reduce the effects of water vapour. It is thus necessary to carry out production in an environment with a low relative humidity. It is also conventional to include a packaged desiccant in the pack in which the product is enclosed. Typically, desiccants used in such packs contain silica gel enclosed in a cartridge or porous sachet. The capacity of these desiccant sachets is variable, depending for their e~cacy on the conditions under which they have been stored previously.
The mobility of water that is "locked up" in a. salt as water of crystallisation is a problem affecting ~ the stability of nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition which is less prone to decomposition and/or spoilage.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more water containing components in which the water is releasably bound wherein one or more anhydrous compounds are mixed in the composition in an amowlt capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the one or more water containing components to provide a continuous desiccant effect under normal handling conditions.
The one or more anhydrous compounds and/or their hydrated forms should themselves be nutritionally or pharmaceutically acceptable.
Preferably the one or more anhydrous compounds are selected from Ca0 and anhydrous or calcined MgS04.
Since calcium salts have a constipating action and magnesium salts have the opposite effect it is preferred to incorporate both calcium and magnesium salts to counter their individual effects.
More preferably still the calcium and magne,cium present in the composition are present together, more preferably still in the firm of Ca0 and anhydrous or calcined MgS04.
Preferably the calcium and magnesium in the product are present in amounts sufficient to provide a recommended daily allowance of calcium and magnesium.
Preferably the Ca0 is present in an amount oiF up to I O % of the composition (by weight) and more preferably still from 4-8 % .
Preferably the magnesium is present as anhydrous or caicined MgS04.
Preferably the anhydrous or calcined MgS04 is present in an amount of up to 10 % of the composition (by weight) and more preferably still from 1-5 % .
The problem of stability is particularly acute where the composition is intended to effervesce. Such compositions contain an acid, usually in the form of a salt and a carbonate or bicarbonate. The effervescence is caused by a reaction between the acid and carbonate or bicarbonate when the composition is dissolved in water. These compositions, which are often packaged in sachets, are particularly prone to decomposition as the acid salt: used, frequently a fruit acid salt, is often calcium lactate, a pentahydrate. 'The water of crystallisation effloresces causing release of C02 and "blowing" of the sachets. By intimately mixing the composition with one or more nutritionally or pharrnaceuticaily acceptable anhydrous compounds in amounts capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the one or more water containing components of'the composition a continuous desiccant effect is provided and the problem is overcome.
Preferably the compositions will include a component, for example, a sulphide, which releases S02 in the presence oaf free water. This has an antimicrobial effect on the composition.
In one embodiment the one or more anhydrous compounds are provided in the form of a premix.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition premix comprising an acid or salt tlhereof in admixture with an anhydrous compound which has a greater avidity fir water than the acid or salt thereof.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of Ca0 and/or anhydrous or calcined MgS04 in the manufacture of a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition for the purpose of effectively removing/mopping up adventitious water.
The use of such compounds in the manufacture of nutritional and pharmaceutical products means manufacturing can be simplified and costs reduced.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more components which contain water which is releasably WO 00/18259 pCT/GB99/03196 bound wherein the manufacturing steps are conducted in the absence of special low humidity conditions and one or more anhydrous compounds are intimately mixed in, the product in an amount capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the water containing components to~ provide a continuous desiccant effect.
The various aspect of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following example compositions and supporting data.
The method of preserving compositions so that they have optimum stability is illustrated by the following examples.
Carbonates and bicarbonates of group I and group II alkali metal elements and ammonia (referred to here as base components) react with acids to give carbon dioxide, and they are the basis of effervescent products when added to water.
Pharmaceutically and nutritionally acceptable carbonates that can be used in effervescent compositions are carbonates and acid carbonates of anunonia, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Suitable fruit acids are illustrated by (but not limited to) citric, malic, fumaric, tartaric, ascorbic, and lactic acid. The acid component may be a partially neutralised salt of .an acid having more than. one acidic group. Some of the fruit acids contain water of crystallisation.
Thus, for example citric acid monohydrate contains water of crystallisation which can be driven off by heating. In tests 5.1 % by weight of water is driven off on heating to 105 °C. The amount of water is suffucient to cause instability in i;
The present invention relates to nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions.
More particularly it is concerned with improving compositions which due to the presence of an efflorescent component many be unstable and prone to decomposition and/or spoilage.
The release of "bound" water in so called " dry compositions" can activate degenerative reactions for a variety of reasons. In such compositions water may be bound as water of crystallisation. Where the composition contains a salt that has water of crystallisation, variations in temperature can cause release of this bound water. If the composition is contained in a closed environment such as a henmeticaliy sealed sachet, then the water vapour released may subsequently condense and produce a micro environment in which the amount of moisture is sufficient to cause a chemical reaction or microbiial spoilage. In the closed environment of a sachet of an effervescent preparation, the presence of moisture can lead to a premature reaction. This is manifested as evolution of gas which in extreme cases "blow" the sachet but more typically leads to a composition with a reduced activity.
Where pharmaceutical and nutritional compositions are known to be particularly sensitive to the presence of moisture, it its necessary to take precautions to reduce the effects of water vapour. It is thus necessary to carry out production in an environment with a low relative humidity. It is also conventional to include a packaged desiccant in the pack in which the product is enclosed. Typically, desiccants used in such packs contain silica gel enclosed in a cartridge or porous sachet. The capacity of these desiccant sachets is variable, depending for their e~cacy on the conditions under which they have been stored previously.
The mobility of water that is "locked up" in a. salt as water of crystallisation is a problem affecting ~ the stability of nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition which is less prone to decomposition and/or spoilage.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more water containing components in which the water is releasably bound wherein one or more anhydrous compounds are mixed in the composition in an amowlt capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the one or more water containing components to provide a continuous desiccant effect under normal handling conditions.
The one or more anhydrous compounds and/or their hydrated forms should themselves be nutritionally or pharmaceutically acceptable.
Preferably the one or more anhydrous compounds are selected from Ca0 and anhydrous or calcined MgS04.
Since calcium salts have a constipating action and magnesium salts have the opposite effect it is preferred to incorporate both calcium and magnesium salts to counter their individual effects.
More preferably still the calcium and magne,cium present in the composition are present together, more preferably still in the firm of Ca0 and anhydrous or calcined MgS04.
Preferably the calcium and magnesium in the product are present in amounts sufficient to provide a recommended daily allowance of calcium and magnesium.
Preferably the Ca0 is present in an amount oiF up to I O % of the composition (by weight) and more preferably still from 4-8 % .
Preferably the magnesium is present as anhydrous or caicined MgS04.
Preferably the anhydrous or calcined MgS04 is present in an amount of up to 10 % of the composition (by weight) and more preferably still from 1-5 % .
The problem of stability is particularly acute where the composition is intended to effervesce. Such compositions contain an acid, usually in the form of a salt and a carbonate or bicarbonate. The effervescence is caused by a reaction between the acid and carbonate or bicarbonate when the composition is dissolved in water. These compositions, which are often packaged in sachets, are particularly prone to decomposition as the acid salt: used, frequently a fruit acid salt, is often calcium lactate, a pentahydrate. 'The water of crystallisation effloresces causing release of C02 and "blowing" of the sachets. By intimately mixing the composition with one or more nutritionally or pharrnaceuticaily acceptable anhydrous compounds in amounts capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the one or more water containing components of'the composition a continuous desiccant effect is provided and the problem is overcome.
Preferably the compositions will include a component, for example, a sulphide, which releases S02 in the presence oaf free water. This has an antimicrobial effect on the composition.
In one embodiment the one or more anhydrous compounds are provided in the form of a premix.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a composition premix comprising an acid or salt tlhereof in admixture with an anhydrous compound which has a greater avidity fir water than the acid or salt thereof.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of Ca0 and/or anhydrous or calcined MgS04 in the manufacture of a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition for the purpose of effectively removing/mopping up adventitious water.
The use of such compounds in the manufacture of nutritional and pharmaceutical products means manufacturing can be simplified and costs reduced.
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more components which contain water which is releasably WO 00/18259 pCT/GB99/03196 bound wherein the manufacturing steps are conducted in the absence of special low humidity conditions and one or more anhydrous compounds are intimately mixed in, the product in an amount capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the water containing components to~ provide a continuous desiccant effect.
The various aspect of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following example compositions and supporting data.
The method of preserving compositions so that they have optimum stability is illustrated by the following examples.
Carbonates and bicarbonates of group I and group II alkali metal elements and ammonia (referred to here as base components) react with acids to give carbon dioxide, and they are the basis of effervescent products when added to water.
Pharmaceutically and nutritionally acceptable carbonates that can be used in effervescent compositions are carbonates and acid carbonates of anunonia, lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Suitable fruit acids are illustrated by (but not limited to) citric, malic, fumaric, tartaric, ascorbic, and lactic acid. The acid component may be a partially neutralised salt of .an acid having more than. one acidic group. Some of the fruit acids contain water of crystallisation.
Thus, for example citric acid monohydrate contains water of crystallisation which can be driven off by heating. In tests 5.1 % by weight of water is driven off on heating to 105 °C. The amount of water is suffucient to cause instability in i;
sachet preparations where the dose amount is c:o~ned in a sealed space and subject to variations of temperature.
Table 1 shows the rate of loss of water from some efflorescent salts, and other compounds when weighed quantities were dried in a temperature controlled oven at 105 °C for two hours, removed from the oven and allowed to cool in a desiccator before re-weighing.
COMPOUND Percentage weight loss on drying at 105°C
Time in )Hours 0 1 2 .3 Calcium Ascorbate 0 4.9 6.5 7.7 Calcium Lactate (Pentahydrate) 0 24.1 24.2 23.7 Calcium LactatelLactic acid adduct 0 40.6 48.8 49.4 Calcium Lactate {Anhydrous) 0 1.5 2.8 3.6 Calcium Oxide 0 -1.3 -4.2 -6.3*
Calcium Hydroxide 0 1.8 2.9 3.2 i WO 00/18259 PCT/GB99/03i96 Calcium Sulphate 0 19.1 21.3 21.5 Magnesium Sulphate {heptahydrate) 0 4:L.3 44.1 43.4 Magnesium Sulphate (anhydrous) 0 -0.9 1.1 -2.29*
* A negative value indicates an increase in weight The results show that anhydrous magnesium sulphate takes up moisture even in the drying conditions obtaining in an oven at 105°C. Under the same conditions moisture locked up as water of crystallisation in magnesium sulphate heptahydrate is removed. Similarly, calcium oxide absorbs moisture even when dried in an oven at 105°C.
Calcium lactate, and lactic acid adduct is a proprietary product made by adding calcium carbonate to an 88 % solution of Lactic Acid. This gives a crystalline material that corresponds to the pentahydrate, and not to the anhydrous form.
Table 2 illustrates the loss of water from magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, and the temperature at which loss of water occurs.
TABLE Z
Loss of Water from Magnesium Heptahydrate on heating Te~pg~ature °C No of molecules of water lost _$_ Ambient 1 70-80°C 4 00°C 5 20°C 6 250°C (Calcined) 7 It shows the progressive effect of heating on the loss of water of crystallisation, and the efficacy of magnesium sulphate is greatest when all of the water has been removed. At a lesser degree of dehydration (when the average weight of water of crystallisation corresponds to more than one molecule of water per molecule of magnesium sulphate) the drying ei~~fect of magnesium sulphate is reduced. It is optimal when material is dried or cal.cined at a temperature greater than 120 ° C. This anhydrous MgS04 contains less than, on average, one molecule of water whereas calcined MgS04 has had sub.otantially all of the water of crystallisation driven off.
Incorporation of dried magnesium sulphate as a magnesium source, in combination with a soluble calcium salt, provides a nutritionally acceptable material that is not hygroscopic, under normal manufacturing conditions.
EXAMPLE METHODS
A solution of calcium lactate is sprayed into the top of a drying tower in which the temperature of the air is 220-250°C. ~Nater in the injected droplets reaches boiling point instantaneously and the latent heat of vaporisation reduces the temperature of the resulting solids. Typically, the temperature of the spray-dried _g_ solids is 40-50°C at the base of the column, and the dwell-time for particles in the spray-dryer is 3-10 seconds. The resulting spray-dried calcium lactate contains 4%
of water, i.e., it consists principally of the anhydrous salt. The powder is removed into a drum capable of being sealed and 5.5 % oaf freshly calcined magnesium sulphate is added to the powder and thoroughly mixed. The amount of magnesium sulphate added is in excess of the amount required to sequester water and provides a continuing desiccant effect under normal handling conditions. The amount can be calculated in accordance with the theoretical desiccant activity set out below.
Calcium lactate rnay also be prepared from ethyl lactate. The calculated amount of ethyl lactate is stirred into a suspension of calcium oxide in ethanol with vigorous stirring. The white solid is removed fronn the supernatant and dried in a fluid bed dryer. The resulting powder contains anhydrous calcium lactate and calcium hydroxide. Ethyl lactate is volatile (bp 15.4 °C) and is removed during drying or solvent recovery.
I . MgS04 + 7H20 119 g of Mag Sulph Exsicc. will take up i' moles (126 g ) of water of crystallisation.
I g of Mag Sulph Exsicc. will take up I26.III9g = 1.059 g water, and provides 23/119 x 1000 = 193.3 rng of Mg.
2. Ca0 + H20 = Ca(OH)Z
56 g of Ca0 reacts with 18 g of H20 1 g of Ca0 reacts with 18/S6 = 0.3214 g water, and provides 40/S6 x 1000 =714.3 mg Ca.
3. 1 g of calcium lactate pentahydrate (CAPH) contains 2S % water = 2S0 mg 4. 1 g of anhydrous calcium lactate (CL) conl:ains (say) 4% water = 40 mg of water.
5. To mop up the water in 1 g of CL requires a) For anhydrous CL - 40 x 1.OS9 x 1000 = 42.36 mg MgS04 b) For CLPH - 2S0/I.OS9 x 1000 = 264.8 mg MgS04 c) For anhydrous CL - 40 x 0.7143 = 28..'i7 mg Ca0 d) For CLPH - 2S0 x 0.7143 = 178.6 mg Ca0 EXAM~'LE 1 A compound electrolyte powder containing calcium lactate (as the pentahydrate) tends to "cake" on storage at ambient temperature in the absence of a desiccant bag. One method of minimising caking is to store the composition in well-sealed containers containing a desiccant bag oi= a drying agent such as silica gel. In the preparation of effervescent tablets it is necessary to carry out manufacture in an environment with a low relative humidity. A free flowing powder which can be used in manufacture using normal handling conditions can be made by extracting most of the water of crystallisation and locking up the remainder by admixture with an anhydrous compound which has greater avidity for water than calcium lactate.
Calcium lactate is a preferred source of calcium in nutritional compositions -li-and compositions which are "anhydrous" or have a low concentration of water they can be prepared by the following methods:
1. Spray-drying a saturated solution/suspension of calcium lactate pentahydrate. Drying calcium lactate pentahydrate at a temperature of 90-110°C.
This temperature does not cause decomposition or chemical rearrangement, or 2. By reacting calcium oxide with ethyl lactate in a non aqueous solvent such as ethanol or n-propanol.
The "anhydrous" calcium lactate produced by one of the processes described above is immediately mixed intimately with up to IO % (and preferably 1 - S % ) of dried magnesium sulphate andlor up to a 0 % (and preferably 4-8 %
) of calcium oxide. The amounts of magnesium sulphate and/or calcium oxide are in excess of the amount required to sequester the calculated amount of residual moisture and this will provide a continuing desiccant effect under normal handling conditions.
The resulting powder is referred to as "compound calcium lactate powder"
(CCLP) in the following examples. CCLP may be used as a constituent in the formulation of other solid dose form compositions. In the following examples a powder containing magnesium sulphate ( I . 8 % } and calcium oxide {S . 8 % ) is used to illustrate the method. The "anhydrous" calcium lactate accounts for the remainder of the composition. The recommended daily allowance of calcium and magnesium vary from country to country and the quantitative composition of the compound powder can be adjusted to meet specific manufacturing requirements by if the skilled man using the teaching of this example.
Example 2 is a formulation providing powder for preparation of an effervescent drink.
A compound powder is prepared by mixing the following. Quantities are by weight and 5.9 g of the powder is sufficient to provide 100% of the RDA of catcium, 20 % of the RDA of magnesium, and 100 %. of the RDA of ascorbic acid.
This composition is a powder to be used, when added to water, as an effervescent drink.
Spray-dried powder as described in Example 1 l.lg Anhydrous calcium ascorbate O.lg Anhydrous citric acid 3.Og Sodium bicarbonate l,Og Magnesium carbonate 0.2g Precipitated calcium carbonate l.Sg Portions of 6.9g are dispensed into laminated foil sachets and sealed in the conventional manner. The sachets are stable enough to support a shelf life claim of at least 1-year at ambient temperature. When required for use, the contents of the sachet are added to approximately 150-200 mI of water and stirred to produce a refreshing effervescent calcium-enriched drink.
i, ~P~.E 3 A compound nnitleral and multivitamin powder is prepared by mixing the following. Quantities are by weight and 7.13;8 of the powder is su~cient to provide 100 % of the RDA of calcium 20 % of the RDA of magnesium, and 100 of the RDA of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E together with trace elements for which RDAs have not been determined. It is conventional to use a commercially available blend of vitamins.
Vitamin blended powder l.Og Spray-dried powder as described in Example 1 l.Sg Anhydrous calcium ascorbate O.lg Anhydrous citric acid 3.0g Sodium bicarbonate 1.0g Magnesium carbonate 0.1$g Calcium carbonate (precipitated) 1, 3g Zinc Sulphate O.OSg Ferrous Sulphate O.OIg Copper Sulphate 0.002g Selenium Yeast Complex O.OOIg Manganese Sulphate 7.644g Portions of 7.644g are dispensed into laminated foil sachets and heat-sealed in the conventional manner. The sachets are stable enough to support a shelf life claim of at least 1-year at ambient temperature. When required for use, the i:
w0 00118259 PCT/GB99/03196 contents of the sachet are added to approximately I SOml of water and stored to produce a refreshing effervescent drink.
A compound powder is prepared by mixiuig the following components.
Quantities are given by weight. Twelve grams of the powder is sufficient to provide 100 % of the RDA of calcium, 20 % of the F;DA of magnesium, and 100 of the RDA of ascorbic acid.
Spray-dried powder as described in Example 1 lO.Og Anhydrous Malic Acid g,pg Sodium benzoate 0.1758 Asesulfame O.15g Aspartame 0.078 To prepare a carbonated drink, I9.3kg of this; powder is dissolved in 1000 litres of potable water, filtered, sterilised by UV radiation and carbonated with up to 4 volumes of carbon dioxide. The mineralised water so produced provides 100 % of the RDA of calcium and 20 % of the RDA of magnesium.
PLC S
A compound powder is prepared by mixing the following components. The quantities are given by weight.
Compound Calcium Lactate Powder as described in Example 1 6.48 Anhydrous Malic Acid S.Og Light Magnesium carbonate BP 0.758 When I2. IS kg of this powder is dissolved in 1000 litres of water, mineralised water is produced to which can be added fruit flavours, fruit juices, colours sweeteners and optionally, carbon dioxide; to provide a mineral enriched drink. 600 ml of this drink will provide 100% of the RDA of calcium and 4U%
of the RDA of magnesium.
A concentrate for preparation of a mineralised hot drink is prepared by mixing the following.
Powder described in Example 1 2g,7g Concentrated mixed fruit juice (8x) 150g Calcium Sulphite (Anhydrous) 0.1g Flavouring 0.2g The mixture is heated and kept at a temperature of 110°C, for S
minutes, allowed to cool to 60°C, 20 mI quantities filled into sachets and sealed. For use, the contents of the sachet are dissolved in 150 ml of water to provide a refreshing and comforting drink containing 75 % of the RDA of calcium, 100 % of the RDA
of Vitamin C and 20 % of the RDA of magnesium.
The premix, CCLP, can be used to mineralise: confectionary, Traditionally, confectionery products contain sucrose or corn syrup as a sweetening agent.
Both of these substances leave a residue of sugar in the saliva which will be subject to bacterial degradation and acidification. The product', of degradation may result in tooth decay (dental caries) which is particularly serious in children. It has been - is -found that confectionery products of a type popular with young children can be fortified with minerals without loss of palatability. The powder described in Example Z can be used to provide a re-mineralising concentration of calcium and magnesium, and is a contribution to the prevention of dental caries in young children. The methods of manufacture of confectionery will be familiar to the man skilled in the art, particularly those relating to qualative and quantative aspects of flavour and sweetness. These can be modified within the teaching of the disclosure to produce mineral supplements suitable for particular therapeutic needs.
Table 1 shows the rate of loss of water from some efflorescent salts, and other compounds when weighed quantities were dried in a temperature controlled oven at 105 °C for two hours, removed from the oven and allowed to cool in a desiccator before re-weighing.
COMPOUND Percentage weight loss on drying at 105°C
Time in )Hours 0 1 2 .3 Calcium Ascorbate 0 4.9 6.5 7.7 Calcium Lactate (Pentahydrate) 0 24.1 24.2 23.7 Calcium LactatelLactic acid adduct 0 40.6 48.8 49.4 Calcium Lactate {Anhydrous) 0 1.5 2.8 3.6 Calcium Oxide 0 -1.3 -4.2 -6.3*
Calcium Hydroxide 0 1.8 2.9 3.2 i WO 00/18259 PCT/GB99/03i96 Calcium Sulphate 0 19.1 21.3 21.5 Magnesium Sulphate {heptahydrate) 0 4:L.3 44.1 43.4 Magnesium Sulphate (anhydrous) 0 -0.9 1.1 -2.29*
* A negative value indicates an increase in weight The results show that anhydrous magnesium sulphate takes up moisture even in the drying conditions obtaining in an oven at 105°C. Under the same conditions moisture locked up as water of crystallisation in magnesium sulphate heptahydrate is removed. Similarly, calcium oxide absorbs moisture even when dried in an oven at 105°C.
Calcium lactate, and lactic acid adduct is a proprietary product made by adding calcium carbonate to an 88 % solution of Lactic Acid. This gives a crystalline material that corresponds to the pentahydrate, and not to the anhydrous form.
Table 2 illustrates the loss of water from magnesium sulphate heptahydrate, and the temperature at which loss of water occurs.
TABLE Z
Loss of Water from Magnesium Heptahydrate on heating Te~pg~ature °C No of molecules of water lost _$_ Ambient 1 70-80°C 4 00°C 5 20°C 6 250°C (Calcined) 7 It shows the progressive effect of heating on the loss of water of crystallisation, and the efficacy of magnesium sulphate is greatest when all of the water has been removed. At a lesser degree of dehydration (when the average weight of water of crystallisation corresponds to more than one molecule of water per molecule of magnesium sulphate) the drying ei~~fect of magnesium sulphate is reduced. It is optimal when material is dried or cal.cined at a temperature greater than 120 ° C. This anhydrous MgS04 contains less than, on average, one molecule of water whereas calcined MgS04 has had sub.otantially all of the water of crystallisation driven off.
Incorporation of dried magnesium sulphate as a magnesium source, in combination with a soluble calcium salt, provides a nutritionally acceptable material that is not hygroscopic, under normal manufacturing conditions.
EXAMPLE METHODS
A solution of calcium lactate is sprayed into the top of a drying tower in which the temperature of the air is 220-250°C. ~Nater in the injected droplets reaches boiling point instantaneously and the latent heat of vaporisation reduces the temperature of the resulting solids. Typically, the temperature of the spray-dried _g_ solids is 40-50°C at the base of the column, and the dwell-time for particles in the spray-dryer is 3-10 seconds. The resulting spray-dried calcium lactate contains 4%
of water, i.e., it consists principally of the anhydrous salt. The powder is removed into a drum capable of being sealed and 5.5 % oaf freshly calcined magnesium sulphate is added to the powder and thoroughly mixed. The amount of magnesium sulphate added is in excess of the amount required to sequester water and provides a continuing desiccant effect under normal handling conditions. The amount can be calculated in accordance with the theoretical desiccant activity set out below.
Calcium lactate rnay also be prepared from ethyl lactate. The calculated amount of ethyl lactate is stirred into a suspension of calcium oxide in ethanol with vigorous stirring. The white solid is removed fronn the supernatant and dried in a fluid bed dryer. The resulting powder contains anhydrous calcium lactate and calcium hydroxide. Ethyl lactate is volatile (bp 15.4 °C) and is removed during drying or solvent recovery.
I . MgS04 + 7H20 119 g of Mag Sulph Exsicc. will take up i' moles (126 g ) of water of crystallisation.
I g of Mag Sulph Exsicc. will take up I26.III9g = 1.059 g water, and provides 23/119 x 1000 = 193.3 rng of Mg.
2. Ca0 + H20 = Ca(OH)Z
56 g of Ca0 reacts with 18 g of H20 1 g of Ca0 reacts with 18/S6 = 0.3214 g water, and provides 40/S6 x 1000 =714.3 mg Ca.
3. 1 g of calcium lactate pentahydrate (CAPH) contains 2S % water = 2S0 mg 4. 1 g of anhydrous calcium lactate (CL) conl:ains (say) 4% water = 40 mg of water.
5. To mop up the water in 1 g of CL requires a) For anhydrous CL - 40 x 1.OS9 x 1000 = 42.36 mg MgS04 b) For CLPH - 2S0/I.OS9 x 1000 = 264.8 mg MgS04 c) For anhydrous CL - 40 x 0.7143 = 28..'i7 mg Ca0 d) For CLPH - 2S0 x 0.7143 = 178.6 mg Ca0 EXAM~'LE 1 A compound electrolyte powder containing calcium lactate (as the pentahydrate) tends to "cake" on storage at ambient temperature in the absence of a desiccant bag. One method of minimising caking is to store the composition in well-sealed containers containing a desiccant bag oi= a drying agent such as silica gel. In the preparation of effervescent tablets it is necessary to carry out manufacture in an environment with a low relative humidity. A free flowing powder which can be used in manufacture using normal handling conditions can be made by extracting most of the water of crystallisation and locking up the remainder by admixture with an anhydrous compound which has greater avidity for water than calcium lactate.
Calcium lactate is a preferred source of calcium in nutritional compositions -li-and compositions which are "anhydrous" or have a low concentration of water they can be prepared by the following methods:
1. Spray-drying a saturated solution/suspension of calcium lactate pentahydrate. Drying calcium lactate pentahydrate at a temperature of 90-110°C.
This temperature does not cause decomposition or chemical rearrangement, or 2. By reacting calcium oxide with ethyl lactate in a non aqueous solvent such as ethanol or n-propanol.
The "anhydrous" calcium lactate produced by one of the processes described above is immediately mixed intimately with up to IO % (and preferably 1 - S % ) of dried magnesium sulphate andlor up to a 0 % (and preferably 4-8 %
) of calcium oxide. The amounts of magnesium sulphate and/or calcium oxide are in excess of the amount required to sequester the calculated amount of residual moisture and this will provide a continuing desiccant effect under normal handling conditions.
The resulting powder is referred to as "compound calcium lactate powder"
(CCLP) in the following examples. CCLP may be used as a constituent in the formulation of other solid dose form compositions. In the following examples a powder containing magnesium sulphate ( I . 8 % } and calcium oxide {S . 8 % ) is used to illustrate the method. The "anhydrous" calcium lactate accounts for the remainder of the composition. The recommended daily allowance of calcium and magnesium vary from country to country and the quantitative composition of the compound powder can be adjusted to meet specific manufacturing requirements by if the skilled man using the teaching of this example.
Example 2 is a formulation providing powder for preparation of an effervescent drink.
A compound powder is prepared by mixing the following. Quantities are by weight and 5.9 g of the powder is sufficient to provide 100% of the RDA of catcium, 20 % of the RDA of magnesium, and 100 %. of the RDA of ascorbic acid.
This composition is a powder to be used, when added to water, as an effervescent drink.
Spray-dried powder as described in Example 1 l.lg Anhydrous calcium ascorbate O.lg Anhydrous citric acid 3.Og Sodium bicarbonate l,Og Magnesium carbonate 0.2g Precipitated calcium carbonate l.Sg Portions of 6.9g are dispensed into laminated foil sachets and sealed in the conventional manner. The sachets are stable enough to support a shelf life claim of at least 1-year at ambient temperature. When required for use, the contents of the sachet are added to approximately 150-200 mI of water and stirred to produce a refreshing effervescent calcium-enriched drink.
i, ~P~.E 3 A compound nnitleral and multivitamin powder is prepared by mixing the following. Quantities are by weight and 7.13;8 of the powder is su~cient to provide 100 % of the RDA of calcium 20 % of the RDA of magnesium, and 100 of the RDA of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E together with trace elements for which RDAs have not been determined. It is conventional to use a commercially available blend of vitamins.
Vitamin blended powder l.Og Spray-dried powder as described in Example 1 l.Sg Anhydrous calcium ascorbate O.lg Anhydrous citric acid 3.0g Sodium bicarbonate 1.0g Magnesium carbonate 0.1$g Calcium carbonate (precipitated) 1, 3g Zinc Sulphate O.OSg Ferrous Sulphate O.OIg Copper Sulphate 0.002g Selenium Yeast Complex O.OOIg Manganese Sulphate 7.644g Portions of 7.644g are dispensed into laminated foil sachets and heat-sealed in the conventional manner. The sachets are stable enough to support a shelf life claim of at least 1-year at ambient temperature. When required for use, the i:
w0 00118259 PCT/GB99/03196 contents of the sachet are added to approximately I SOml of water and stored to produce a refreshing effervescent drink.
A compound powder is prepared by mixiuig the following components.
Quantities are given by weight. Twelve grams of the powder is sufficient to provide 100 % of the RDA of calcium, 20 % of the F;DA of magnesium, and 100 of the RDA of ascorbic acid.
Spray-dried powder as described in Example 1 lO.Og Anhydrous Malic Acid g,pg Sodium benzoate 0.1758 Asesulfame O.15g Aspartame 0.078 To prepare a carbonated drink, I9.3kg of this; powder is dissolved in 1000 litres of potable water, filtered, sterilised by UV radiation and carbonated with up to 4 volumes of carbon dioxide. The mineralised water so produced provides 100 % of the RDA of calcium and 20 % of the RDA of magnesium.
PLC S
A compound powder is prepared by mixing the following components. The quantities are given by weight.
Compound Calcium Lactate Powder as described in Example 1 6.48 Anhydrous Malic Acid S.Og Light Magnesium carbonate BP 0.758 When I2. IS kg of this powder is dissolved in 1000 litres of water, mineralised water is produced to which can be added fruit flavours, fruit juices, colours sweeteners and optionally, carbon dioxide; to provide a mineral enriched drink. 600 ml of this drink will provide 100% of the RDA of calcium and 4U%
of the RDA of magnesium.
A concentrate for preparation of a mineralised hot drink is prepared by mixing the following.
Powder described in Example 1 2g,7g Concentrated mixed fruit juice (8x) 150g Calcium Sulphite (Anhydrous) 0.1g Flavouring 0.2g The mixture is heated and kept at a temperature of 110°C, for S
minutes, allowed to cool to 60°C, 20 mI quantities filled into sachets and sealed. For use, the contents of the sachet are dissolved in 150 ml of water to provide a refreshing and comforting drink containing 75 % of the RDA of calcium, 100 % of the RDA
of Vitamin C and 20 % of the RDA of magnesium.
The premix, CCLP, can be used to mineralise: confectionary, Traditionally, confectionery products contain sucrose or corn syrup as a sweetening agent.
Both of these substances leave a residue of sugar in the saliva which will be subject to bacterial degradation and acidification. The product', of degradation may result in tooth decay (dental caries) which is particularly serious in children. It has been - is -found that confectionery products of a type popular with young children can be fortified with minerals without loss of palatability. The powder described in Example Z can be used to provide a re-mineralising concentration of calcium and magnesium, and is a contribution to the prevention of dental caries in young children. The methods of manufacture of confectionery will be familiar to the man skilled in the art, particularly those relating to qualative and quantative aspects of flavour and sweetness. These can be modified within the teaching of the disclosure to produce mineral supplements suitable for particular therapeutic needs.
Claims (11)
1. A nutritional or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more water containing components in which the water is releasably bound wherein one or more anhydrous compounds are mixed in the composition in an amount capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the one or more water containing components to provide a continuous desiccant effect under normal handling conditions.
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more anhydrous compounds are selected from CaO and anhydrous or calcined MgSO4.
3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein both CaO and anhydrous or calcined MgSO4 are present.
4. A composition according to claims 2 or 3, wherein the CaO is present in an amount up to 10% by weight of the composition.
5. A composition according to claims 2 or 3, wherein anhydrous or calcined MgSO4 is present in an amount up to 10% by weight of the composition.
6. A composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, which further comprises an acid or a salt thereof and a carbonate and/or bicarbonate or a.salt thereof.
7. A composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, comprising calcium lactate.
8. A composition as claimed in any preceding claims further comprising a sulphite.
9. A composition premix comprising an acid or salt thereof in admixture with an anhydrous compound which has a greater avidity for water than the acid or salt thereof.
10. The use of CaO and/or anhydrous or calcined MgSO4 in the manufacture of a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition for the purpose of effectively removing/mopping up adventitious water.
11. A method of manufacturing a nutritional or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more components which contain water which is releasably bound wherein the manufacturing steps are conducted in the absence of special low humidity conditions and one or more anhydrous compounds are intimately mixed in the product in an amount capable of sequestering any water which may be released from the water containing components to provide a continuous desiccant effect.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9820815.0 | 1998-09-25 | ||
| GB9820815A GB2341798B (en) | 1998-09-25 | 1998-09-25 | Nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions comprising desiccants |
| PCT/GB1999/003196 WO2000018259A1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 1999-09-24 | Nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2345306A1 true CA2345306A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
Family
ID=10839406
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002345306A Abandoned CA2345306A1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 1999-09-24 | Nutritional and pharmaceutical compositions |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6849274B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1115296A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002525092A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1213670C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6213699A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2345306A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2341798B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1040165B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000018259A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006265150A (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Kyoto Life Science Kenkyusho:Kk | Anti-oxidative health beverage |
| US8202546B2 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2012-06-19 | Vertical Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nutritional supplement for use under physiologically stressful conditions |
| US7998500B2 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2011-08-16 | Vertical Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nutritional supplement for women |
| US8263137B2 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2012-09-11 | Vertical Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nutritional supplement for women |
| US7901710B2 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2011-03-08 | Vertical Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nutritional supplement for use under physiologically stressful conditions |
| DE102005040423A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-01 | Lahrsow, Jobst, Dr. med. dent. | Food supplement for the supply of minerals |
| ITMI20060629A1 (en) | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-01 | Daniele Giovannone | ORAL SOLID COMPOSITIONS BASED ON S-ADENOSYLMETIONINE AND PROCESS FOR THEIR ACHIEVEMENT |
| US8080233B2 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2011-12-20 | Purdue Research Foundation | Power generation from solid aluminum |
| US7938879B2 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2011-05-10 | Purdue Research Foundation | Power generation from solid aluminum |
| ITMI20071374A1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-11 | Gnosis Spa | STABLE STABLE OF S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE AND PROCESS FOR THEIR ACHIEVEMENT. |
| US8323364B2 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2012-12-04 | Purdue Research Foundation | Control system for an on-demand gas generator |
| GR1007236B (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-04-08 | Uni-Pharma Κλεων Τσετης Φαρμακευτικα Εργαστηρια Αβεε Με Δ.Τ. Uni-Pharma Abee, | New pharmaceutical composition of n-acetylcysteine granules and production method thereof |
| JP5485677B2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2014-05-07 | 花王株式会社 | Oral composition |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2297599A (en) * | 1940-09-28 | 1942-09-29 | Squibb & Sons Inc | Effervescent tablet |
| DE2512247A1 (en) * | 1975-03-20 | 1976-10-14 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | Tablets contg. drying agents - for protection against moisture |
| US4036228A (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1977-07-19 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic dispenser with gas generating means |
| JPS585695B2 (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1983-02-01 | 株式会社クロイスタ−ケミカルズ | Manufacturing method of effervescent tablets |
| EP0040654B1 (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1984-04-18 | Vitapharm Pharmaceutical Pty Ltd. | Electrolyte drink concentrate |
| JPS58170464A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1983-10-07 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | Preservation of dried food |
| JPH0710342B2 (en) * | 1985-12-26 | 1995-02-08 | 株式会社林原生物化学研究所 | Method for dehydrating hydrated material with anhydrous aldohexose |
| DE3826903A1 (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-02-15 | Jahn Held Wilhelm Dipl Chem Dr | Edible salt from ground rock salt or crystallised evaporated salt |
| DE69018312T2 (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1995-12-14 | Sasaki Chemicals Co Ltd | Moisture absorbent compositions. |
| JPH0446123A (en) * | 1990-06-13 | 1992-02-17 | Nippon Iyakuhin Kogyo Kk | Production of aspirin dl-lysine injection |
| JP3281647B2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 2002-05-13 | 明治製菓株式会社 | Desiccant, its production and use |
| JP3168550B2 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 2001-05-21 | 株式会社林原生物化学研究所 | Dehydrating agent, method for dehydrating hydrated material using the same, and dehydrated article obtained by the method |
| HU217125B (en) * | 1993-03-10 | 1999-11-29 | Béres Rt. | Sugar- and sodium-free effervescens tablets and granules and process for producing them |
| DE59404719D1 (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1998-01-15 | Bayer Ag | Process for the preparation of diaryl carbonates |
| JP3574185B2 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 2004-10-06 | 小松屋化学株式会社 | Anhydrotrimagnesium citrate and its preparation |
| JP3598389B2 (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 2004-12-08 | 大塚製薬株式会社 | Method for stable storage of powdered soft drink formulation and powdered soft drink formulation |
| US6066342A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 2000-05-23 | Tamer International, Ltd. | Antacid composition |
| US5776431A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-07-07 | Galat; Alexander | Water-soluble aspirin composition |
| US5993854A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-11-30 | Phyzz, Inc. | Exothermic effervescent composition for improved fragrance dispersion |
-
1998
- 1998-09-25 GB GB9820815A patent/GB2341798B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-09-24 CA CA002345306A patent/CA2345306A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-24 US US09/787,806 patent/US6849274B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-24 WO PCT/GB1999/003196 patent/WO2000018259A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-24 EP EP99949149A patent/EP1115296A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-09-24 AU AU62136/99A patent/AU6213699A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-24 CN CNB998122777A patent/CN1213670C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-09-24 JP JP2000571784A patent/JP2002525092A/en active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-03-14 HK HK02101975.5A patent/HK1040165B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9820815D0 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
| GB2341798B (en) | 2001-03-14 |
| GB2341798A (en) | 2000-03-29 |
| EP1115296A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| CN1323170A (en) | 2001-11-21 |
| HK1040165A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 |
| WO2000018259A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 |
| US6849274B1 (en) | 2005-02-01 |
| JP2002525092A (en) | 2002-08-13 |
| CN1213670C (en) | 2005-08-10 |
| AU6213699A (en) | 2000-04-17 |
| HK1040165B (en) | 2006-04-21 |
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