CA2358505A1 - Novel hydrogel isolated cochleate formulations, process of preparation and their use for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules - Google Patents
Novel hydrogel isolated cochleate formulations, process of preparation and their use for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules Download PDFInfo
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- CA2358505A1 CA2358505A1 CA002358505A CA2358505A CA2358505A1 CA 2358505 A1 CA2358505 A1 CA 2358505A1 CA 002358505 A CA002358505 A CA 002358505A CA 2358505 A CA2358505 A CA 2358505A CA 2358505 A1 CA2358505 A1 CA 2358505A1
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- cochleates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
- A61K9/1274—Non-vesicle bilayer structures, e.g. liquid crystals, tubules, cubic phases, cochleates; Sponge phases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/11—Aldehydes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
- A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
- A61K31/704—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin attached to a condensed carbocyclic ring system, e.g. sennosides, thiocolchicosides, escin, daunorubicin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
- A61K31/713—Double-stranded nucleic acids or oligonucleotides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/54—Lauraceae (Laurel family), e.g. cinnamon or sassafras
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/12—Cyclic peptides, e.g. bacitracins; Polymyxins; Gramicidins S, C; Tyrocidins A, B or C
- A61K38/13—Cyclosporins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10S436/829—Liposomes, e.g. encapsulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
Abstract
A process for producing a small-sized, lipid-based cochleate is described. Cochleates are derived from liposomes which are suspended in an aqueous two- phase polymer solution, enabling the differential partitioning of polar molecule based-structures by phase separation. The liposome-containing two- phase polymer solution, treated with positively charged molecules such as Ca 2+ or Zn2+, forms a cochleate precipitate of a particle size less than one micron. The process may be used to produce cochleates containing biologicall y relevant molecules. Small-sized cochleates may be administered orally or through the mucosa to obtain an effective method of treatment.
Claims (63)
1. A method for producing lipid-based cochleates comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous suspension of liposomes;
b) mixing the liposome suspension with polymer A;
c) adding the liposome/polymer A suspension into a solution comprising polymer B, wherein polymer A and polymer B are immiscible, thereby creating a two-phase polymer system;
d) adding a solution of a cationic moiety to the two-phase polymer system; and e) washing the two-phase polymer system to remove the polymers.
a) providing an aqueous suspension of liposomes;
b) mixing the liposome suspension with polymer A;
c) adding the liposome/polymer A suspension into a solution comprising polymer B, wherein polymer A and polymer B are immiscible, thereby creating a two-phase polymer system;
d) adding a solution of a cationic moiety to the two-phase polymer system; and e) washing the two-phase polymer system to remove the polymers.
2. A method of claim 1 wherein the addition of liposome/polymer A suspension is done by injection.
3. A method of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the liposomes are formed of lipid comprising negatively charged lipid.
4. A method of claim 3 wherein the negatively charged lipid is phosphatidylserine0.
5. A method of claim 3 or claim 4 wherein the lipid comprises a minor amount of other lipids.
6. A method of claim 5 wherein the other lipid is selected from the group of zwitterionic lipids.
7. A method of claim 5 wherein the other lipid is selected from the group of cationic lipids.
8. A method of claim 5 wherein the other lipids are selected from the group of lipids capable of forming hydrogen bands to a biologically active molecule.
9. A method of claim 8 wherein the neutral lipid is a PFGylated lipid.
10. A method of any preceding claim wherein polymer A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran and polyethylene glycol.
11. A method of any preceding claim wherein the concentration of polymer A in the two-phase polymer system ranges in concentration from 2 to 20% w/w.
12. A method of any preceding claim wherein polymer B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalochol, Ficoll, polyvinyl methyl ether, and polyethylene glycol.
13. A method of any preceding claim wherein the concentration of polymer B in the two-phase polymer system is the range of 2 to 20% w/w.
14. A method of any preceding claim wherein the two-phase polymer solution is at least one member selected from the group consisting of dextran/polyethylene glycol, dextran/polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextran/polyvinylalcohol, dextran/Ficoll and polyethylene glycol/polyvinyl methyl ether.
15. A method of any preceding claim wherein the cationic moiety comprises a di-or higher- valent ion.
16. A method of any preceding claim wherein the cationic moiety comprises a di-or higher- valent metal ion.
17. A method of claim 16 wherein the metal ion is added as a salt of an inorganic acid, preferably wherein the salt is calcium chloride, zinc chloride or cobalt chloride.
18. A method of any preceding claim wherein the lipid cochleates are small-sized cochleates.
19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the size of the cochleates is less than 1 micron.
20. A method according to claim 18 wherein the cochleates are formed using small unilamellar liposomes.
21. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the aqueous suspension of liposomes comprises a biologically relevant molecule, whereby the cochleates also comprise the biologically relevant molecule.
22. A method according to claim 21 which comprises the preliminary step of forming the liposome suspension by forming a film comprising a mixture of the biologically relevant molecule and lipid and contacting the film with an aqueous phase to form the aqueous suspension of small unilamellar liposomes.
23. A method according to claim 21 in which the biologically relevant molecule is present in the aqueous phase.
24. A method according to claim 23 comprising the preliminary step of forming liposomes in which a film of lipid is contacted with aqueous phase containing the biologically relevant molecule to form the aqueous suspension of liposomes.
25. A method according to claim 21 including a preliminary step in which a suspension of empty liposomes is mixed with the biologically relevant molecule to form the said liposome suspension.
26. A method according to claim 23 wherein the biologically relevant molecule bears a charge.
27. A method according to claim 26 wherein the biologically relevant molecule is positively charged.
28. A method according to claim 26 wherein the biologically relevant molecule is negatively charged.
29. A method according to claim 23 wherein the negatively charged molecule is a polynucleotide.
30. A method according to claim 29 wherein the polynucleotide is DNA.
31. A method for producing lipid-based cochleates comprising the steps of:
a) providing an aqueous suspension containing a detergent-lipid mixture;
b) mixing the detergent-lipid suspension with polymer A;
c) adding the detergent-lipid/polymer A suspension into a solution comprising polymer B, wherein polymer A and polymer B are immiscible, thereby creating a two-phase polymer system;
d) adding a solution of a cationic moiety to the two-phase polymer system; and e) washing the two-phase polymer system to remove the polymer.
a) providing an aqueous suspension containing a detergent-lipid mixture;
b) mixing the detergent-lipid suspension with polymer A;
c) adding the detergent-lipid/polymer A suspension into a solution comprising polymer B, wherein polymer A and polymer B are immiscible, thereby creating a two-phase polymer system;
d) adding a solution of a cationic moiety to the two-phase polymer system; and e) washing the two-phase polymer system to remove the polymer.
32. A method for producing lipid-based cochleates according to claim 31 wherein the detergent is octyl glucoside.
33. A method for producing lipid-based cochleates according to claim 31 wherein the cochleate comprises a biologically active molecule.
34. A method according to claim 33 wherein the biologically active molecule bear a charge.
35. A method according to claim 33 wherein the biologically active molecule is positively charged.
36. A method according to claim 33 wherein the biologically active molecule is negatively charged.
37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the negatively charged molecule is a polynucleotide.
38. A method according to claim 37 wherein the polynucleotide is DNA.
39. A method according to claim 31 wherein the biologically active molecule is added in step a.
40. A method according to claim 21 or claim 33 in which the biologically relevant molecule is selected from the group consisting of drugs, polynucleotides, polypeptides and antigens.
41. A method of claim 40 wherein the biologically relevant molecule is a drug selected from the group consisting of antiviral agents, anesthetics, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, anticancer agents, immunosuppressants, steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tranquilisers and vasodilators.
42. A method of claim 41 in which the drug is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Amphotericin B, acyclovir, adriamycin, cabamazepine, melphalan, nifedipine, indomethacin, naproxen, estrogens, testosterones, steroids, phenytoin, ergotamines, cannabinoids rapamycin, propanidid, propocol, alphadione, echinomycin, miconazole nitrate, teniposide, taxol and taxotere.
43. A method according to any preceding claim in which the washing step involved centrifuging the two-phase polymer system to separate the cochleate precipitate, removing the supernatant containing the polymer, resuspending the precipitate in a washing buffer, centrifuging the washed precipitate , and optionally repeating the resuspension and centrifugation steps one or more times.
44. A method according to claim 43 in which the washing buffer contairus dissolved cationic moiety.
45. A method according to claim 44 in which the cationic moiety comprises di-or higher- valent ions.
46. A method according to claim 45 in which the di- or higher- valent ions are metal ions.
47. A method according to claim 46 in which the metal ions are selected from calcium and zinc.
48. A method according to any of claims 43 to 47 in which the cationic moiety is present in the washing buffer at a concentration of at least 1mM.
49. Cochleates containing a biologically relevant molecule prepared ac;cording to claims 1 to 48.
50. Cochleates containing a biologically relevant molecule according to claim 49 having a mean particle size less than 1 micron.
51. Cochleates according to claim 49 wherein the biologically relevant molecules are selected from the group consisting of drugs, polynucleotides, polypeptides and antigens.
52. Cochleates according to claim 51 wherein the biologically relevant molecule is a drug selected from the group consisting of antiviral agents, anesthetics, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, anticancer agents, immunosuppressants, steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, non-steriodal anti-inflammatory agents, tranquilisers and vasodilators.
53. Cochleatcs according to claim 52 wherein the drug is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Amphotericin B, acyclovir, adriamycin, cabamazepine, melphalan, nifcdipine, indomethacin, naproxen, estrogens, testosterones, steroids, phenytoin, ergotamines, cannabinoids rapamycin, propanidid, propofol, atphadione, echinomycin, miconazole nitrate, teniposide, taxol and taxotere.
54. Cochleates according to any of claims 49 to 53, or the product of a method of any of claims 1 to 48, for use in a method of delivering a biologically relevant molecule to a host.
55. Use of cochleates according to any of claims 49 to 54, or of the product of a method according to claims 1 to 48, in the manufacture of a composition for use in the method of treatment of the human or animal body or to deliver a biologically relevant molecule to a host.
56. A method of treatment comprising administering to a human or animal cochleates according to any of claims 49 to 54, or the product of any of claims 1 to 48.
57. Use according to claim 55 or method according to claim 56 in which the administration is by a mucosal or a systemic route.
58. Use or method of claim 57 wherein the administration is a mucosal route selected from oral, intranasal, intraocular, intraanal, intravaginal, parenteral or intrapulmonary.
59. Use or method according to claim 57 in which the route is oral.
60. Use or method according to claim 58 in which the administration is proceeded by aerosol.
61. Use or method according to claim 57 wherein the administration is systemic and is by a route selected from intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal or intradermal.
62. A composition comprising cochleates according to any of claims 49 to 54 of the product of the process according to any of claims 1 to 48, and a carrier.
63. A pharmaceutical composition comprising cochleates according to any of claims 49 to 54 or the product of a process according to any of claims 1 to 48, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/235,400 | 1999-01-22 | ||
US09/235,400 US6153217A (en) | 1999-01-22 | 1999-01-22 | Nanocochleate formulations, process of preparation and method of delivery of pharmaceutical agents |
PCT/US2000/001684 WO2000042989A2 (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2000-01-24 | Novel hydrogel isolated cochleate formulations, process of preparation and their use for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2358505A1 true CA2358505A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
CA2358505C CA2358505C (en) | 2010-04-06 |
Family
ID=22885334
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2358505A Expired - Fee Related CA2358505C (en) | 1999-01-22 | 2000-01-24 | Novel hydrogel isolated cochleate formulations, process of preparation and their use for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (7) | US6153217A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1143933B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002535267A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE367800T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3213300A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2358505C (en) |
CY (1) | CY1106916T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60035669T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1143933T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2290019T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1143933E (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000042989A2 (en) |
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AU3111401A (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2001-07-31 | Biodelivery Sciences, Inc. | New cochleate formulations, process of preparation and their use for the delivery of biologically relevant molecules |
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- 2000-01-24 AU AU32133/00A patent/AU3213300A/en not_active Abandoned
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US20140220109A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
US6153217A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
EP1143933A2 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
CY1106916T1 (en) | 2012-09-26 |
DE60035669T2 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
ES2290019T3 (en) | 2008-02-16 |
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