CA2378752A1 - Device for soft irradiation - Google Patents

Device for soft irradiation Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2378752A1
CA2378752A1 CA002378752A CA2378752A CA2378752A1 CA 2378752 A1 CA2378752 A1 CA 2378752A1 CA 002378752 A CA002378752 A CA 002378752A CA 2378752 A CA2378752 A CA 2378752A CA 2378752 A1 CA2378752 A1 CA 2378752A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
reflector
irradiation
source
soft
soft irradiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002378752A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David G. Changaris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2378752A1 publication Critical patent/CA2378752A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/83—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks the elements having apertures, ducts or channels, e.g. heat radiation holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/08—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements and reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/04—Optical design
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0664—Details
    • A61N2005/0665—Reflectors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0614—Tanning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0616—Skin treatment other than tanning

Abstract

A device for soft irradiation comprising a reflector (10) having a cross-section in the shape of a spiral and an electromagnetic radiation source (12) positioned off-axis such that the source is shielded from direct view. A
cooling vent (14) and openings (16) provide impingement cooling of the source to allow efficient use of a high intensity radiation source. Cooling of the source may be further improved with the addition of one or more fluid moving devices in flow communication with the reflector. Optical reflectance coatings (20) on the surface of the reflector or transmission filters (32) allow the device to provide radiation output in selective bandwidths. Multiple reflectors may be used in combination to evenly illuminate complex or large surfaces. There are specific utilities to this design with both pulsed and continuous light sources.

Description

25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
DEVICE FOR SOFT IRRADIATION
BY
DAVID G. CHANGARIS, M.D.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device to produce gradient soft irradiation through the use of off-axis placement of a radiation source within a spiral reflector ~o which completely encloses the source. The present invention also relates to the use of optical coatings in conjunction with the device in order to enable the device to emit selective narrow bandwidths of radiation.
i5 2. Description of the Prior Art A. Currently used collimators Currently used collimators, such as Iensing and parabolic reflectors, emit collimated; spatially coherent electromagnetic energy. At the aperture of these collimators, all electromagnetic energy is 2o spatially coherent. Spatially coherent light will produce sharp shadows.
B. Reflector desian~ Spiral based curves have been used for the collection of energy. For example, U.S. Patent 3,974,824 Solar Heating Device, discloses a solar heating 25 device utilizing a cylindrical reflector with a spirally extending section and a parabolically section for AMENDED SHEET

25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 USfJ01689~
concentrating solar energy on an axially disposed absorber carrying a fluid to be heated. In this device, the incoming energy is concentrated along the axis of the spiral.
Additionally, spiral reflectors have been used to s illuminate walls, as per U.S. Patent 4 564 888, Wall Wash Lighting Fixture. The reflector of this device, however, discloses only the use of a light bulb within a reflector which does not fully enclose the bulb.
Further, spiral shaped reflectors have been used for other io purposes. For example, European Patent Registration 67 892 utilizes a reflector having the form of a spiral at least in the major part of its cross-section for the 'giving of light and similar radiation'. U.S. Patent 4 947 292 teaches the use of a reflector shaped as a 'Golden Section spiral's for is producing a uniform directional output and illumination through a light pipe. However, while the devices of both European Patent Registration 67 892 and U.S. Patent~4 947 292 completely enclose the light source, they both also show placement of the light source along the axis of the spiral.
20 This on-axis placement has been determined to produce irregular light patterns and dramatic shifts in light distribution varying with distance from the reflector.
CLiaht filter desian~ Ordinary light filters often absorb 50 - 90~ of the desired wavelengths to eliminate the 25 unwanted portion of the spectrum.
AMENDED SHEET

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a device for soft irradiation having a spiral shaped-reflector used with an electromagnetic radiation source positioned such that the s source is shielded from direct view and is located off of any focal axis of the reflector, such that output from the source undergoes at least one reflection and has soft or multi-angled dispersion without spatial collirnation.
It is a furt-her object-of the invention to provide to impingement cooling of the radiation source to allow efficient use of a high intensity radiation source.
It is another object of the invention to allow output in selective bandwidths through the use of optical reflectance coatings on the surface of the reflector or transmission i5 filters.
It is also an object of the invention to combine multiple reflectors in conjunction with one another to evenly illuminate complex or large surfaces.
More particularly, the present invention is directed to 20 off-axis localization of linear and point sources of electromagnetic irradiation within spiral curve reflectors to produce gradient soft irradiation with approximately linear power degradation with respect to distance. The joining of multiple spirals can be adjusted to uniformly irradiate 2s complex surfaces. In contrast to currently used collimators, such as lensing and parabolic reflectors, the radiation AMENDED SHEET

emanating from the source of this invention is dispersed spatially at the aperture without parallel rays, producing a soft pattern of irradiation. Additionally, the present invention is directed to the application of optical .
reflectance coatings to the inner surface of the spiral reflector to produce emission of selective narrow bandwidths of radiation from a broader bandwidth source. The invention apparatus will have application to the fields of phototherapy (both adjuvant and endogenous reactions), tanning,w ..
1o photography, lithography, electromagnetic activated chemical reactions, and heat transference. With both pulsed and continuous light sources there will be specific utilities to this design.
Examples of arrangements within the scope of the present i5 invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described hereinafter, but it will be understood that neither the drawings nor the descriptions thereof are presented by way of limitation and that other arrangements also within the scope of the present invention will occur to those skilled in 2o the art upon reading the disclosure set forth herein.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a device of the present invention.
25 Figure 2 is a side view of the device of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a top view of the device of Figure 1.
AMENDED SHEET

25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of Figure 3. Airflow patterns are shown by the arrows.
Figure 5 is a front view of a cabinet and reflector arrangement of the present invention. Airflow patterns are s shown by the arrows.
Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5. Airflow patterns with respect to the left reflector are shown by the arrows (omitted with respect to the right reflector) .
io Figure 7 is a typical reflectance curve for a device of the present invention utilizing an optical reflectance coating.
Figure 8 is a side sectional view similar to Figure 4 showing a pair of transmission filters offset across the Zs interior opening of the reflector. Airflow patterns are shown by the arrows.
Figure 9 is also a side sectional view similar to Figure 4 showing a single transmission filter across the interior opening of the reflector.
2o Figure 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a device of the present invention. Airflow patterns are shown by the arrows.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a device of the present invention. Airflow patterns are 2s shown by the arrows.
AMENDED SHEET

25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a device of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
s As shown in Figure 1, a preferred device of the present invention comprises a spiral reflector 10 and an electromagnetic radiation source 12. The device produces gradient soft irradiation through the off-axis placement of the radiation source 12 completely enclosed within the spiral to reflector 10 such that the device emanates only reflected radiation. In other words, the spiral reflector 10 completely encloses the radiation source 12 such that the radiation source 12 is not directly visible from the exterior of the reflector 10. Thus, all radiation emitted from the device is 'z5 reflected at least once, producing a more linear degradation of the intensity of the emitted radiation.
It should be understood that a light source; such as a light bulb or tube, is a type of electromagnetic radiation source emitting radiation with wavelengths in at least a 2o portion of the visible spectrum. Because the device of the present invention is usable at wavelengths outside the visible spectrum, the source will be referred to herein as an electromagnetic radiation source.
A spiral is the locus in a plane of a point moving around 25 a fixed center at a monotonically increasing or decreasing distance from the center. An Archimedes spiral, having a AMENDED SHEET

general polar equation of r=a6 and beginning at the origin of a coordinate axis system, is the basis for the spiral design of the preferred embodiment.
A focal axis of an optical system is the locus of points s forming an axis of symmetry to which parallel incident rays converge or from which they appear to diverge.
An placement of the radiation source 12 off of the coordinate or any focal axis ("off-axis") within the spiral reflector 10 described. above will produce gradient.soft io illumination. Figure 2 shows the typical off-axis placement of the radiation source for the preferred embodiment.
Additionally, use of nautilus spiral and involute of the circle spiral reflectors in conjunction with the off-axis placement of the radiation source 12 as described above will z5 produce gradient soft irradiation output.
Also shown in Figures 1 and 4, venting of the spiral reflector near the radiation source 1'Z, typically a tubular bulb, in order to provide impingement air cooling of the source 12, is provided in part through cooling vent 14, and 2o cooling openings 16 in side closure members 18. The off-axis placement of the source Z2 allows for this method of cooling to be used.
It should be understood that references herein to air cooling are equivalent to cooling by any fluid substance, and 2s fluid cooling is interchangeable with air cooling.

AMENDED SHEET

p 25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
As shown in Figures 5 and 6, impingement air cooling in the preferred embodiment is facilitated by cabinet 22 having intake holes 28, outlet hole 30; and being sealed with a substantially transparent window 26, in conjunction with s blower 24. Blower 24 serves to pull out of the cabinet 22 through outlet hole 30, creating an area of lower pressure between the radiation exit aperture of the reflectors 10 and the transparent window 26. Thus, air is pulled into the cabinet through-intake holes 28, into the reflector through io cooling vent 14 and cooling openings 16, over and around radiation source 12, and out through the radiation exit aperture of the reflector 10. The spiral shape of the reflector 10 and off-axis placement of the radiation source 12 contribute to the cooling efficiency of the design as the 15 airflow described above creates a turbulence around the radiation source 12. This design permits the use of high intensity radiation sources to be used within the completely enclosing reflector 10.
It should also be understood that the blower 24 shown in 2o the Figures hereto is intended to be a generic representation of a mechanical device causing the movement of a fluid, such as air. Devices of this type are well known in the art and the exact type of device is not critical to scope of this' invention.
2s Figure 6 also shows the preferred placement of two spiral reflectors - utilizing the opposing gradient illumination AMENDED SHEET

a 25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
patterns of each reflector to produce a uniform illumination of a surface. Additionally, the preferred embodiment allows for the stacking of multiple pairs-of reflectors to provide illumination of surfaces of virtually any size or shape.
s Also shown in Figure 4, the inner surface of the spiral reflector 10 of the preferred embodiment has an optical reflectance coating 20 which efficiently reflects only select wavelengths. Since much of the radiation emitted from the device is reflected multiple times before exiting, the-device to will emit bands of radiation with sharp delineation. Optical reflectance coatings are often 95 - 99g reflective over the desired bandwidth and less than 10~ reflective elsewhere.
Thus, multiple reflections will effectively eliminate the undesired bandwidth while preserving the desired bandwidth.
15 Figure 7 shows a typical reflectance curve for the preferred embodiment.
Further aiding the selective wavelength emission from the device, substantially transparent window 26 may by design have filtering characteristics with respect to certain wavelength 2o radiation.
Alternative embodiments of the invention utilizing select transmission filters 32 are shown in Figures 8 through 11.
Figure 8 shows a pair of transmission filters staggered across the interior opening of the reflector 10 such that 2s radiation from the source 12 will be filtered while cooling air may continue to flow around the source.

AMENDED SHEET

25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
Figure 9 shows an alternate version of the filter design of Figure 8 wherein a single transmission filter 32 is utilized acrbss the interior opening of the-reflector 10.
' This design allows use of a reduced size transmission filter 32.
Figures 10 and 11 show yet another embodiment of the invention wherein transparent window 26 is placed directly across the radiation exit aperture of the reflector 10.
Again, substantially transparent window 26 may by design-have-to filtering characteristics with respect to certain wavelength radiation.
The embodiment shown in Figure 10 utilizes a blower 24 to push air into cooling openings 16 in side closure members 18.
Notably, cooling vent 14 is removed from this embodiment, i5 forcing air through entering through cooling openings 16 to exit through aperture 34 cut along the outer edge of the reflector 10.
Figure 11 shows the embodiment of Figure 10 with the addition of a second blower 25 located at aperture 34 to pull 2o cooling air out of the reflector 10. Thus, higher efficiency cooling is achieved by both pushing and pulling (push-pull) cooling air through the reflector 10.
An additional efficiency of the device is that almost all light emitted by the radiation source 12 is collected from 2s beneath, behind and around the source 12 and reflected in a forward direction rather than back into the source 12. Thus, AMENDED SHEET

25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
a lower initial amount of radiation is necessary to achieve desired output levels, reducing energy consumption and undesired heat.
The device may utilize both pulsed and continuous s radiation sources. Pulsed electromagnetic irradiance from this device will have specific advantages over continuous light in the irradiation of biological tissues and in initiating photochemical reactions. These include the following:
Zo * Pulsed irradiance allows for the activation of endogenous and exogenous photochemical reactions important to the treatment of skin diseases such as psoriasis, generation of vitamin D, and other light driven reactions.
* Pulsed irradiance allows for deeper penetration of high is intensity electromagnetic energy. When there is a threshold dependent photochemical reaction this will permit the reaction to take place deeper within the surface. The energy is delivered in picosecond to millisecond intervals.
20 * Pulsed irradiance may be regulated within fractions of a second.
* Higher peak powers will allow for photochemical reactions heretofore unknown.
* Pulsed energy which is translated to heat can be 2s dissipated between the pulses.

AMENDED SHEET

a 25-07-2001 CA 02378752 2002-O1-02 US001689~
* In conditions where the targeted absorption of electromagnetic irradiation is greater than surrounding tissue; pulsing will enhance the relative heating of the region. For example, dark hair follicles will be s selectively heated during pulsing, resulting in destruction of unwanted hair with less discomfort to the surrounding tissue.
The preferred embodiment of the device utilizes a pulsed Xenon flash tube as the radiation source 12: Xenon tubes~are to rated to last for many years of continuous use, and provide stable output over the.years. The pulsed Xenon embodiment of the device provides extremely reliable dosimetry.
An additional embodiment of the invention utilizing a plurality of radiation sources 36 is shown in Figure 12. This embodiment allows for different wavelength sources 36 to be utilized, ie. single color lights for mixing of hue and temperature of the light at the radiation exit aperture of the reflector l0.
It will be understood that the forgoing examples are not 2o by way of limitation of the present invention and that other arrangements also within the scope of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the disclosure set forth herein.

AMENDED SHEET

Claims (20)

CLAIMS:

What is claimed is:
1. A device for soft irradiation comprising: a reflector (10) having a cross-section in the shape of a spiral defining an axis; a radiation exit aperture; and an electromagnetic radiation source (12) positioned within said reflector (10) such that the source (12) is shielded from direct view; said device characterized in that the electromagnetic radiation source (12) is positioned off-axis.
2. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1, said reflector spiral cross-sectional shape remaining constant along its length and further comprising side closure members (18) closing the lateral openings of said reflector (10).
3. The device for soft irradiation of claim 2 further comprising cooling openings (16) in said side closure members (18).
4. The device for soft irradiation of claim 3 further comprising a first fluid moving device (24) in flow communication with said reflector (10) for creating a fluid flow through said reflector (10).
5. The device for soft irradiation of claim 4 further comprising a second fluid moving device (25) also in flow communication with said reflector (10) and operating in cooperation with said first fluid moving device (24) to create a push-pull ventilation of said reflector (10).
6. The device for soft irradiation of claim 3 further comprising a cooling vent (14) along said reflector.
7. The device for soft irradiation of claim 6 further comprising a fluid moving device (24) in flow communication with said reflector (10) for creating a fluid flow through said reflector (10).
8. The device for soft irradiation of claim 7 further comprising a cabinet (22) enclosing said reflector (10), said cabinet (22) having an intake hole (28) and an outlet hole (30) in flow communication with said fluid moving.device (24), and a substantially transparent window (26) in front of said radiation exit aperture.
9. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1 further comprising an optical reflectance coating (20) on the interior surface of said reflector (10) for selective transmission of specific radiation wavelengths.
10. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1 further comprising a transmission filter (32) for selective transmission of specific radiation wavelengths.
11. The device for soft irradiation of claim 10 said transmission filter (32) being located at the interior opening of said reflector (10).
12. The device for soft irradiation of claim 10 said transmission filter (32) comprising a plurality of offset filters in spaced relationship located at the interior opening of said reflector (10).
13. The device for soft irradiation of claim 2, said electromagnetic radiation source (12) being tubular in shape and extending substantially the length of the reflector (10).
14. The device for soft irradiation of claim 13, said tubular electromagnetic radiation source (12) being a Xenon flash tube.
15. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1 further comprising at least one additional electromagnetic source also positioned off-axis such that the additional source is shielded from direct-view.
16. The device for soft irradiation of claim 15, said electromagnetic radiation source and said additional electromagnetic radiation source emitting different wavelength radiation.
17. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1, said reflector (10) having a cross-section in the shape of an Archimedes spiral.
18. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1, said reflector (10) having a cross-section in the shape of a Nautilus spiral.
19. The device for soft irradiation of claim 1, said reflector (10) having a cross-section in the shape of an involute of the circle spiral.
20. An assembly for softly irradiating comprising: a plurality of reflectors (10) with each reflector (10) having:
a cross-section in the shape of a spiral defining an axis; a radiation exit aperture; and an electromagnetic radiation source (12) positioned within said reflector (10) such that the source is shielded from direct view; said assembly characterized in that each electromagnetic radiation source (12) is positioned off-axis, and that said reflectors are arranged with said radiation exit apertures aimed toward a common target surface for uniform irradiation of said surface.
CA002378752A 1999-07-09 2000-06-20 Device for soft irradiation Abandoned CA2378752A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14302999P 1999-07-09 1999-07-09
US60/143,029 1999-07-09
US09/586,622 US6454442B1 (en) 1999-07-09 2000-06-02 Device for soft irradiation
US09/586,622 2000-06-02
PCT/US2000/016893 WO2001004538A1 (en) 1999-07-09 2000-06-20 Device for soft irradiation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2378752A1 true CA2378752A1 (en) 2001-01-18

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CA002378752A Abandoned CA2378752A1 (en) 1999-07-09 2000-06-20 Device for soft irradiation

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US6454442B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1200773B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1360672A (en)
AT (1) ATE248320T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5879300A (en)
CA (1) CA2378752A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60004859T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1200773T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2001004538A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE60004859D1 (en) 2003-10-02
EP1200773A1 (en) 2002-05-02
EP1200773B1 (en) 2003-08-27
DK1200773T3 (en) 2003-10-06
US6454442B1 (en) 2002-09-24
WO2001004538A1 (en) 2001-01-18
ATE248320T1 (en) 2003-09-15
AU5879300A (en) 2001-01-30
CN1360672A (en) 2002-07-24
DE60004859T2 (en) 2004-07-08

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