CA2380403A1 - Cured coatings having improved scratch resistance, coated substrates and methods related thereto - Google Patents

Cured coatings having improved scratch resistance, coated substrates and methods related thereto Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2380403A1
CA2380403A1 CA 2380403 CA2380403A CA2380403A1 CA 2380403 A1 CA2380403 A1 CA 2380403A1 CA 2380403 CA2380403 CA 2380403 CA 2380403 A CA2380403 A CA 2380403A CA 2380403 A1 CA2380403 A1 CA 2380403A1
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Prior art keywords
cured composition
group
substrate
composition according
cured
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CA 2380403
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French (fr)
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CA2380403C (en
Inventor
Lawrence G. Anderson
Karen A. Barkac
Anthony M. Chasser
Shawn A. Desaw
Marvis E. Hartman
Deborah E. Hayes
Thomas R. Hockswender
Kymarie L. Kuster
Robert A. Montague
Masayuki Nakajima
Kurt G. Olson
Jamel S. Richardson
Richard J. Sadvary
Dennis A. Simpson
Shiryn Tyebjee
Truman F. Wilt
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PPG Industries Ohio Inc
Original Assignee
Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.
Lawrence G. Anderson
Karen A. Barkac
Anthony M. Chasser
Shawn A. Desaw
Marvis E. Hartman
Deborah E. Hayes
Thomas R. Hockswender
Kymarie L. Kuster
Robert A. Montague
Masayuki Nakajima
Kurt G. Olson
Jamel S. Richardson
Richard J. Sadvary
Dennis A. Simpson
Shiryn Tyebjee
Truman F. Wilt
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Application filed by Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc., Lawrence G. Anderson, Karen A. Barkac, Anthony M. Chasser, Shawn A. Desaw, Marvis E. Hartman, Deborah E. Hayes, Thomas R. Hockswender, Kymarie L. Kuster, Robert A. Montague, Masayuki Nakajima, Kurt G. Olson, Jamel S. Richardson, Richard J. Sadvary, Dennis A. Simpson, Shiryn Tyebjee, Truman F. Wilt filed Critical Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.
Publication of CA2380403A1 publication Critical patent/CA2380403A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C09D183/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/68—Particle size between 100-1000 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y10T428/259—Silicic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane

Abstract

Cured coatings having particles at a surface region of the cured coating are provided. Also provided are multi-component composite coatings which include a cured basecoat deposited from a pigmented coating composition and a cured topcoat deposited from a topcoating composition. The multi-component composi te coatings of the invention provide highly scratch resistant color-plus- clearcoatings capable of retaining scratch resistance after weathering.</SDO AB>

Claims (139)

1. A cured composition comprising a plurality of particles throughout the cured composition, wherein a concentration of particles within a surface region of the cured composition is greater than a concentration of particles within a bulk region of the cured composition.
2. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition is thermally cured.
3. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to ionizing radiation.
4. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to actinic radiation.
5. A cured composition according to claim 2, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to (a) ionizing radiation or actinic radiation and (b) thermal energy.
6. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition has an initial scratch resistance value such that after scratch testing greater than 40 percent of initial 20° gloss is retained.
7. A cured composition according to claim 6, wherein the cured composition has an initial scratch resistance value such that after scratch testing greater than 50 percent of initial 20° gloss is retained.
8. A cured composition according to claim 7, wherein the cured composition has an initial scratch resistance value such that after scratch testing greater than 70 percent of initial 20° gloss is retained.
9. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition has a retained scratch resistance value such that after scratch testing greater than 30 percent of initial 20° gloss is retained.
10. A cured composition according to claim 9, wherein the cured composition has a retained scratch resistance value such that after scratch testing greater than 40 percent of initial 20° gloss is retained.
11. A cured composition according to claim 10, wherein the cured composition has a retained scratch resistance value such that after scratch testing greater than 60 percent of initial 20° gloss is retained.
12. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition is formed from a coating composition formed from components comprising a plurality of particles.
13. A cured composition according to claim 12, wherein the particles have an average particle size less than 100 microns prior to incorporation into the composition.
14. A cured composition according to claim 13, wherein the particles have an average particle size less than 50 microns prior to incorporation into the composition.
15. A cured composition according to claim 12, wherein the particles have an average particle size ranging from 1 to less than 1000 manometers prior to incorporation into the composition.
16. A cured composition according to claim 15, wherein the particles have an average particle size ranging from 1 to 100 manometers prior to incorporation into the composition.
17. A cured composition according to claim 16, wherein the particles have an average particle size ranging from 5 to 50 manometers prior to incorporation into the composition.
18. A cured composition according to claim 12, wherein the particles, when added to other components that form the coating composition, are present in the coating composition in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 75 weight percent based on total weight of the resin solids of the components which form the coating composition.
19. A cured composition according to claim 18, wherein the particles are present in an amount of at least 0.1 weight percent.
20. A cured composition according to claim 19, wherein the particles are present in an amount of at least 0.5 weight percent.
21. A cured composition according to claim 20, wherein the particles are present in an amount of at least 5 weight percent.
22. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the particles are present in an amount of less than 10 weight percent.
23. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of particles are selected from inorganic particles, composite particles, and mixtures thereof.
24. A cured composition according to claim 23, wherein the particles are selected from fumed silica, amorphous silica, colloidal silica, alumina, colloidal alumina, titanium dioxide, cesium oxide, yttrium oxide, colloidal yttria, zirconia, colloidal zirconia, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
25. A cured composition according to claim 23, wherein the particles are surface treated.
26. A cured composition according to claim 23, wherein the particles include colloidal silica.
27. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein at least one surface active agent is present during the formation of the coating composition.
28. A cured composition according to claim 27, wherein the at least one surface active agent is selected from at least one polysiloxane and at least one fluoropolymer.
29. A cured composition according to claim 28, wherein the at least one surface active agent is selected from a polysiloxane having at least one reactive functional group.
30. A cured composition according to claim 28, wherein the at least one polysiloxane comprises at least two reactive functional groups.
31. A cured composition according to claim 29, wherein the at least one reactive functional group is selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a blocked polyisocyanate group, a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, an amide group, a carbamate group, a urea group, a urethane group, a vinyl group, an unsaturated ester group, a maleimide group, a fumarate group, an anhydride group, a hydroxy alkylamide group, and an epoxy group.
32. A cured composition according to claim 31, wherein the at least one reactive functional group is selected from a hydroxyl group and a carbamate group.
33. A cured composition according to claim 31, wherein the at feast one reactive functional group is a group comprising at least two reactive functional groups selected from a hydroxyl group and a carbamate group.
34. A cured composition according to claim 29, wherein the at least one reactive functional group is a group comprising an oxyalkylene group and at least two hydroxyl groups.
35. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein at least one reactant is present during the formation of the coating composition.
36. A cured composition according to claim 35, wherein the at least one reactant is selected from at least one curing agent.
37. A cured composition according to claim 36, wherein the at least one curing agent is selected from an aminoplast resin, a polyisocyanate, a blocked isocyanate, a polyepoxide, a polyacid, and a polyol.
38. A cured composition according to claim 37, wherein the at least one curing agent is selected from an aminoplast resin, and a polyisocyanate.
39. A cured composition according to claim 36, wherein the at least one curing agent, when added to the other components that form the coating composition, is present in an amount ranging from 2 weight percent to 65 weight percent based on total weight of the resin solids of the components which form the coating composition.
40. A cured composition according to claim 39, wherein the at least one curing agent is present in an amount of at least 5 weight percent.
41. A cured composition according to claim 40, wherein the at least one curing agent is present in an amount of at least 10 weight percent.
42. A cured composition according to claim 35 , wherein the cured compositions is formed from components comprising at least one film forming material.
43. A cured composition according to claim 42, wherein the at least one film-forming material comprises at least one reactive functional group.
44. A cured composition according to claim 43, wherein the at least one film-forming material comprises at least one reactive functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carbamate group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a carboxyl group.
45. A cured composition according to claim 44, wherein the at least one film-forming material comprises at least one reactive functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, and a carbamate group.
46. A cured composition according to claim 28, wherein at least one reactant comprising at least one functional group that is reactive with at least one reactive functional group of the at least one polysiloxane is present during the formation of the coating composition.
47. A cured composition according to claim 46, wherein the at least one reactant is selected from at least one film-forming material.
48. A cured composition according to claim 47, wherein the at least one film-forming material is selected from a polymer, in addition to and different from said at least one polysiloxane, comprising at least one reactive functional group.
49. A cured composition according to claim 35, wherein the at least one reactant comprises at least one material which has at least one reactive functional group which is blocked with a silyl group.
50. A cured composition according to claim 49, wherein the silyl blocking group has the following structure (IX):

wherein each R1, R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or an allyl group.
51. A cured composition according to claim 49, wherein the at least one reactive functional group is selected from a hydroxyl group, a carbamate group, a carboxyl group, and an amide group.
52. A cured composition according to claim 49, wherein the compounds which can be reacted with the functional group to form the silyl group are selected from hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylsilyldiethylamine, t-butyl dimethylsilyl chloride, diphenyl methylsilyl chloride, hexamethyl disilylazide, hexamethyl disiloxane, trimethylsilyl triflate, hexamethyldisilyl acetamide, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
53. A cured composition according to claim 49, wherein the at least one reactant has a backbone which comprises at least one linkage selected from an ester linkage, a urethane linkage, a urea linkage, an amide linkage, a siloxane linkage, and an ether linkage or a polymer such as a polyester, an acrylic polymer, a polyurethane, a polyether, a polyurea, a polyamide, and copolymers of any of the foregoing.
54. A cured composition according to claim 49, wherein the at least one material comprises at least one compound having the following structure (X):

55. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein at least one catalyst is additionally present during the formation of the coating composition.
56. A cured composition according to claim 55, wherein the at least one catalyst is an acid catalyst.
57. A cured composition according to claim 56, wherein the at least one catalyst is selected from an acid phosphate, a substituted sulfonic acid and an unsubstituted sulfonic acid.
58. A cured composition according to claim 57, wherein the at least one catalyst is phenyl acid phosphate.
59. A cured composition according to claim 56, wherein the at least one catalyst is present during the composition's formation in an amount sufficient to accelerate the reaction between the at least one functional group of the at least one reactant and the at least one reactive functional group of the at least one polysiloxane.
60. A cured composition according to claim 59, wherein the at least one catalyst is present during the composition's formation in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5 weight percent based on total weight of the resin solids of the components which form the coating composition.
61. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition is a monocoat topcoat.
62. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein the cured composition is a transparent topcoat applied over at least a portion of a basecoat.
63. A cured composition according to claim 1, wherein said cured composition is formed from an electrodepositable coating composition.
64. A cured composition according to claim 29, wherein said at least one polysiloxane has at least one of the following structural units (I) (I) R1n R2m SiO(4-n-m)/2 wherein each R1, which may be identical or different, represents H, OH, a monovalent hydrocarbon group or a monovalent siloxane group; each R2, which may be identical or different, represents a group comprising at least one reactive functional group, wherein m and n fulfill the requirements of 0<n<4, 0<m<4 and 2<=(m+n)<4.
65. A cured composition according to claim 64, wherein each R2, which may be identical or different, represents a group comprising at least one reactive functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a blocked polyisocyanate group, a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, an amide group, a carbamate group, a urea group, a urethane group, a vinyl group, an unsaturated ester group, a maleimide group, a fumarate group, an anhydride group, a hydroxy alkylamide group, and an epoxy group.
66. A cured composition according to claim 28, wherein the at least one polysiloxane has the following structure (II) or (III):

wherein:

m has a value of at least 1;
m' ranges from 0 to 75;
n ranges from 0 to 75;
n' ranges from 0 to 75;
each R, which may be identical or different, is selected from H, OH, monovalent hydrocarbon groups, monovalent siloxane groups, and mixtures of any of the foregoing; and R a comprises the following structure (IV):

(IV) -R3-X

wherein -R3 is selected from an alkylene group, an oxyalkylene group, an alkylene aryl group, an alkenylene group, an oxyalkenylene group, and an alkenylene aryl group; and X represents a group which comprises at least one reactive functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a blocked polyisocyanate group, a primary amine group, a secondary amine group, an amide group, a carbamate group, a urea group, a urethane group, a vinyl group, an unsaturated ester group, a maleimide group, a fumarate group, an anhydride group, a hydroxy alkylamide group, and an epoxy group.
67. A cured composition according to claim 29, wherein the at least one polysiloxane is the reaction product of at least the following reactants:
(i) at least one polysiloxane of the formula (VI):

wherein each substituent group R, which may be identical or different, represents a group selected from H, OH, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a siloxane group, and mixtures of any of the foregoing; at least one of the groups represented by R is H, and n' ranges from 0 to 100, such that the percent of Si-H content of the at least one polysiloxane ranges from 2 to 50 percent; and (ii) at least one molecule which comprises at least one primary hydroxyl groups and at least one unsaturated bond capable of undergoing a hydrosilylation reaction.
68. A coated substrate comprising a substrate and a cured composition according to claim 1 deposited over at least a portion of the substrate.
69. A method for forming a cured composition according to claim 1 on a substrate comprising applying over at least a portion of the substrate a coating composition formed from components comprising a plurality of particles and a surface active agent, and curing the coating composition after application to the substrate.
70. A method according to claim 69, wherein the coating composition is thermally cured after application to the substrate.
71. A method according to claim 69, wherein the coating composition is cured by exposure to ionizing radiation after application to the substrate.
72. A method according to claim 69, wherein the coating composition is cured by exposure to actinic radiation after application to the substrate.
73. A cured composition according to claim 70, wherein the coating composition is cured by exposure to (a) ionizing radiation or actinic radiation and (b) thermal energy after application to the substrate.
74. A method according to claim 69, wherein the substrate is an automotive substrate.
75. A coated automobile substrate comprising an automobile substrate and a cured composition according to claim 1 deposited over at least a portion of the automobile substrate.
76. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 75, wherein the automobile substrate is a bumper.
77. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 75, wherein the automobile substrate is a hood.
78. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 75, wherein the automobile substrate is a door.
79. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 75, wherein the automobile substrate is a fender.
80. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 75, wherein the automobile substrate is a mirror housing.
81. A multi-component composite coating composition comprising a basecoat deposited from a pigmented coating composition, and a cured composition according to claim 1 applied over at least a portion of the basecoat.
82. A multi-component composite according to claim 81, wherein the cured composition is a topcoat.
83. A multi-component composite according to claim 81, wherein the cured composition is transparent.
84. A method for making a multi-component composite comprising:
(a) applying a pigmented composition to a substrate to form a basecoat;
(b) applying a topcoating composition over at least a portion of the basecoat; and (c) curing the topcoating composition to form a cured composition according to claim 1.
85. A method for improving the scratch resistance of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 1 over at least a portion of the substrate.
86. A method for retaining the gloss of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate over a predetermined period of time comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 1 over the surface of the substrate.
87. A method for revitalizing the gloss of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 1 over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
88. A cured composition comprising a plurality of particles throughout the cured composition, wherein a concentration of particles within a surface region of the cured composition is greater than a concentration of particles within a bulk region of the cured composition, said cured composition having a 20° gloss of greater than 70.
89. A cured composition according to claim 88, wherein said cured composition is a thermally cured composition.
90. A cured composition according to claim 88, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to ionizing radiation.
91. A cured composition according to claim 88, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to actinic radiation.
92. A cured composition according to claim 89, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to (a) ionizing radiation or actinic radiation and (b) thermal energy.
93. A cured composition according to claim 88, wherein the cured composition is formed from a coating composition comprising a plurality of particles.
94. A cured composition according to claim 88, wherein the cured composition is a transparent composition.
95. A coated substrate comprising a substrate and a cured composition according to claim 88 deposited over at least a portion of the substrate.
96. A method for forming a cured composition according to claim 88 on a substrate comprising applying over at least a portion of the substrate a coating composition formed from components comprising a plurality of particles and a surface active agent, and curing the coating composition after application to the substrate.
97. A method according to claim 96, wherein the coating composition is thermally cured after application to the substrate.
98. A method according to claim 96, wherein the coating composition is cured by exposure to ionizing radiation after application to the substrate.
99. A method according to claim 96, wherein the coating composition is cured by exposure to actinic radiation after application to the substrate.
100. A cured composition according to claim 97, wherein the coating composition is cured by exposure to (a) ionizing radiation or actinic radiation and (b) thermal energy after application to the substrate.
101. A method according to claim 97, wherein the substrate is an automotive substrate.
102. A coated automobile substrate comprising an automobile substrate and a cured composition according to claim 88 deposited over at least a portion of the automobile substrate.
103. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 102, wherein the automobile substrate is a bumper.
104. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 102, wherein the automobile substrate is a hood.
105. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 102, wherein the automobile substrate is a door.
106. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 102, wherein the automobile substrate is a fender.
107. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 102, wherein the automobile substrate is a mirror housing.
108. A multi-component composite coating composition comprising a basecoat deposited from a pigmented coating composition, and a cured composition according to claim 88 applied over at least a portion of the basecoat.
109. A multi-component composite according to claim 108, wherein the cured composition is a topcoat.
110. A multi-component composite according to claim 108, wherein the cured composition is transparent.
111. A method for making a multi-component composite comprising:
(a) applying a pigmented composition to a substrate to form a basecoat;
(b) applying a topcoating composition over at least a portion of the basecoat; and (c) curing the topcoating composition to form a cured composition according to claim 88.
112. A method for improving the scratch resistance of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 88 over at least a portion of the substrate.
113. A method for retaining the gloss of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate over a predetermined period of time comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 88 over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
114. A method for revitalizing the gloss of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 88 over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
115. A cured composition comprising a plurality of particles throughout the cured composition, wherein a concentration of particles within a surface region of the cured composition is greater than a concentration of particles within a bulk region of the cured composition, wherein the cured composition has an initial scratch resistance such that after scratch testing greater than 40 percent of an initial 20° gloss is retained, and a retained scratch resistance such that after scratch testing greater than percent of said initial 20° gloss is retained.
116. A cured composition according to claim 115, wherein said cured composition is a thermally cured composition.
117. A cured composition according to claim 115, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to ionizing radiation.
118. A cured composition according to claim 115, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to actinic radiation.
119. A cured composition according to claim 116, wherein the cured composition is cured by exposure to (a) ionizing radiation or actinic radiation and (b) thermal energy.
120. A cured composition according to claim 115, wherein the cured composition is formed from a coating composition comprising a plurality of particles.
121. A cured composition according to claim 115, wherein the cured composition is a transparent composition.
122. A coated substrate comprising a substrate and a cured composition according to claim 115 deposited over at least a portion of the substrate.
123. A method for forming a cured composition according to claim 115 on a substrate comprising applying over at least a portion of the substrate a coating composition formed from components comprising a plurality of particles and a surface active agent, and curing the coating composition after application to the substrate.
124. A method according to claim 123, wherein the coating composition is thermally cured after application to the substrate.
125. A method according to claim 123, wherein the substrate is an automotive substrate.
126. A coated automobile substrate comprising an automobile substrate and a cured composition according to claim 115 deposited over at least a portion of the automobile substrate.
127. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 126, wherein the automobile substrate is a bumper.
128. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 126, wherein the automobile substrate is a hood.
129. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 126, wherein the automobile substrate is a door.
130. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 126, wherein the automobile substrate is a fender.
131. A coated automobile substrate according to claim 126, wherein the automobile substrate is a mirror housing:
132. A multi-component composite coating composition comprising a basecoat deposited from a pigmented coating composition, and a cured composition according to claim 115 applied over at least a portion of the basecoat.
133. A multi-component composite according to claim 132, wherein the cured composition is a topcoat.
134. A multi-component composite according to claim 132, wherein the cured composition is transparent.
135. A method for making a multi-component composite comprising:
(a) applying a pigmented composition to a substrate to form a basecoat;
(b) applying a topcoating composition over at least a portion of the basecoat; and (c) curing the topcoating composition to form a cured composition according to claim 115.
136. A method for improving the scratch resistance of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 115 over at least a portion of the substrate.
137. A method for retaining the gloss of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate over a predetermined period of time comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 115 over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
138. A method for revitalizing the gloss of a polymeric substrate or polymer coated substrate comprising forming a cured composition according to claim 115 over at least a portion of the surface of the substrate.
139. A powder composition formed from components comprising:
(a) at least one surface active agent comprising:
(i) at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one reactive functional group, the at least one polysiloxane comprising at least one of the following structural units (I):
(I) R1n R2m SiO(4-n-m)/2 wherein each R1, which may be identical or different, represents H, OH, a monovalent hydrocarbon group or a monovalent siloxane group; each R2, which may be identical or different, represents a group comprising at least one reactive functional group, wherein m and n each represents a number fulfilling the requirements of 0<n<4, 0<m<4 and 2<=(m+n)<4; and (ii) at least one polyacrylate surface active agent having at least one functional group selected from amino and hydroxyl functionality, acid functionality and acid and hydroxyl functionality; and (b) a plurality of particles, wherein a concentration of particles present in a surface region of the cured composition is greater than a concentration of particles present in bulk regions of the cured composition.
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US48904300A 2000-01-21 2000-01-21
US09/489,043 2000-01-21
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CA2380403C (en) 2009-12-08

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