CA2403763A1

CA2403763A1 - Handling unscheduled tasks in a scheduling process

Info

Publication number: CA2403763A1
Application number: CA002403763A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Dionisios Pothos; Robert Noel William Laithwaite; Ian Stuart Alletson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Trimble MRM Ltd
Priority date: 2000-03-31
Filing date: 2001-03-01
Publication date: 2001-10-11
Also published as: US20030041087A1; WO2001075701A1; AU2001235814A1; US7210119B2; EP1269366A1

Abstract

Tasks (T) such as repair jobs on a telecommunications system, that are to be performed by a plurality of resources such as field engineers (E), at different locations in a geographical area (2), are scheduled by means of a scheduler (10) at a work manager server (5). The scheduler provides schedule data (11) corresponding to schedules of the tasks that individual ones of the resources are to carry out, form task data (4) concerning the tasks to be carried out and resource data (6) concerning characteristics of resources available to carry out the tasks over a given period. Not all the tasks are scheduled, resulting in unscheduled task data (11a). The schedule data (11) is downloaded to a workstation (7) together with the unscheduled task data. The downloaded data is analysed at the workstation to determine a candidate resource (E) to perform the task (T) corresponding to the unscheduled task data.

Description

Handling unscheduled tasks in a scheduling process Description This invention relates to scheduling tasks to be performed by a plurality of S resources, for example tasks carried out by field engineers on a telecommunications rystem that extends over a wide area such as a country or state.
In our PCT/W098/22897, a scheduling system is described which may be used fo:
a telecommunications system in order to schedule repair tasks to be performed on to the system by field engineers. Telecommunications systems conventionally are provided with automatic fault monitoring systems that report repair tasks to be carried out by field engineers and scheduling systems may be provided to communicate schedules of tasks to the field engineers. The engineers then travel from location to location carrying out the tasks, reporting when tasks are completed 15 to the scheduler through a portable computer. The scheduler described in our aforesaid PCT application dynamically updates the schedules for the individual engineers depending on workload and engineer availability, which vary dynamically.
The present invention seeks to improve upon this prior rystem and provide an 2o improved flexibility of operation so as to optimise the scheduling process.
According to the invention there is provided a method of scheduling tasks to be performed by means of a plurality of resources, comprising providing schedule data corresponding to schedules of the tasks that individual ones of the resources are to 25 carry out, prepared from task data concerning the tasks to be carried out and resource data concerning characteristics of resources available to carry out the tasks over a given period, together with unscheduled task data concerning a task not included in the schedules, and analysing the schedules and the characteristics of the individual resources to determine a candidate resource to perform the task ~o corresponding to the unscheduled task data.
The tasks may be performed at different locations in a geographical area by the resources and the schedule data contains location data corresponding to the locations of the resources and the unscheduled task, and the analysing includes comparing the location data for the unscheduled task and the resources to determine said candidate resource.
The suitability of more than one candidate resource may be ranked according to a predetermined criterion such as distance from or time to travel to the unscheduled task. An initial search may be made for a group of resources to be considered as candidate resources.
1o The outcome of the analysis may be provided on a display of the or each said candidate resource which may include a map showing their locations.
Additionally, a tour map may be provided for at least one of the candidate resources.
The invention also includes a program to be run on a computer to perform the inventive method.
The invention accordingly includes computer software to be run on data processing apparatus for use in scheduling tasks to be performed by a plurality of resources, the software including program instructions for operating on schedule data 2o corresponding to schedules of the tasks that individual ones of the resources are to carry out, the schedule data having been prepared from task data concerning the tasks to be carried out and resource data concerning characteristics of resources available to carry out the tasks over a given period, together with unscheduled task data (11a) concerning a task not included in the schedules, the program instructions ?5 being configured to produce an analysis of the schedules and the characteristics of the individual resources to determine a candidate resource (E) to perform the task corresponding to the unscheduled task data.
The computer software may further include program instructions to produce the 3o schedule data.
The invention also includes apparatus configured to perform the inventive method.

In order that the invention may be more fully understood, an embodiment thereof will now be described byway of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic overview of a system for carrying out repair tasks on a telecommunications system;
Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of the work manager server shown in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the workstation shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4 illustrates schematically the processes performed by the workstation;
1o Figure 5 is an illustration of a main window to receive downloaded schedule data;
Figure 6 is a display window for a Gantt chart produced from the downloaded data;
Figure 7 illustrates a window for a particular task to be carried out by an engineer;
Figure 8 illustrates a Tour Map window;
Figure 9 illustrates a map locator window within the Tour Map window;
Figur a 10 illustrates a wilzdow that displays a map legend for the Tour Map window;
Figures l la and l 1b illustrate examples of tours carried out by field engineers;
Figure 12 illustrates the Tour Map window, configured to display details of engineers capable of performing an unscheduled task;
Figure 13 is a block flow diagram for providing the Tour Map display shown in 2o Figure 12;
Figure 14 illustrates a dialogue box for carrying out a query concerning engineers for performing tasks within their preferred working areas;
Figure 15 is a partial view of the Tour Map window showing the details of engineers found as a result of the query displayed in Figure 14;
Figure 16 is an illustration of the Tour Map window when the preferred working area for a selected engineer is displayed;
Figure 17 illustrates a drop down menu that is mouse-selectable to fill-in PWA
circles;
Figure 18 illustrates the Tour Map window with PWA circles shaded to determine 3o engineer coverage;
Figure 19 illustrates the Tour Map window when PWA circles overlie one another;
Figure 20 illustrates a dialogue box for performing a query to find engineers capable of performing a particular task;

Figure 21 illustrates a Tour Map window when the outcome of the query of Figure 20 is displayed;
Figure 22 illustrates a mouse-actuated drop down menu for selecting the PWAs of engineers, selected by means of the mouse;
Figures 23 and 24 are screenshots of a statistics display window;
Figure 25 illustrates a scheduler parameter editor window;
Figure 26 is a block diagram of a what-if process for displaying the outcome of changes the schedule data;
Figure 27 illustrates an engineer resource editor window;
1o Figure 28 illustrates a display of statistics produced by a what-if session; and Figure 29 is a display window for comparing the outcomes of different what-if analyses.
Systan Ckxnrierv 1S An overview of the system according to the invention is shown in Figure 1, for scheduling tasks to be carried out on a telecommunications system 1, shown schematically to extend over a geographical area 2. Engineers E1, E2... En carry out tasks on the telecommunications system to keep it in good repair.
2o It will be understood that the telecommunications system may extend over a large geographical area such as an entire country or state. Considering for example the United Kingdom (IJK), there may be of the order of 20,000 people working on the system who typically carry out 150,000 tasks every day.
25 In order to simplify administration, the geographical area covered by the telecommunications system is broken down into service areas or domains which can be covered by individual groups of field engineers e.g. fifty engineers. For example, in country areas, the domains may cover geographical areas of the order of one county but in built-up areas, the geographical extent of a domain may be much 3o smaller.
The telecommunications system may include a fault monitoring rystem 3 which identifies work to be carried out on the system. The fault monitoring system WO 01/75701 PCT/GBOi/00874 produces a list of tasks to be carried out by the field engineers together with information concerning the nature of the tasks and their geographical location.
Each task is given an individual job identification number or JIN.
The resulting task data 4 is fed to a work manager server 5 that computes schedules of tasks to be carried out by the individual field engineers E 1, E2... En.
The work manager server handles tasks for the entire telecommunications system 1 although may conveniently comprise a number of network server processors distributed around the country.
The work manager server ~ is additionally fed with information concerning the field engineers E1, E2... En from an engineer data source 6. The engineer data includes rostering information i.e. holidays, sickness together with details of the skill level of the engineer for example whether they can work on telephone exchanges, optical fibres or other categories of system equipment. Each field engineer is given a personal identification number or PIN.
The engineers in each domain are organised in a number of individual organisational units which are given a unique organisational unit code or OUC. A (human) 2o management controller for the domain is provided with a workstation 7 to receive management information concerning the schedules prepared for the individual engineers and other management information. The workstation 7 is configured to act as a client for the work manager server 5 and communication between the client and server is carried out by any suitable conventional method. In this example, communication is achieved through the Internet 8 although it will be appreciated that other wide area networks could be used. Thus, a plurality of workstations communicate with the server ~ through the Internet 8 in order to provide management information to the individual organisational units associated with the domains. Only one workstation 7 is shown in Figure 1 in order to simplify the 3o description.
Each engineer E in the domain is provided with a mobile computing facility such as a hand held terminal e.g. the Husky model FS/2 produced by Husky Computers Limited of Coventry England or a conventional laptop computer L1, L2. This enables the engineers to communicate individually with the work manager server 5, typically through the telecommunications system 1 or alternatively by mobile IP.
When an individual engineer E logs onto the server 5, an individual work schedule S is provided to the engineer by the server 5. The server periodically updates the schedule to optimise task allocation to the individual engineers. Thus, when a engineer completes a task, a report is provided back to the work manager server 5 in order to enable the server to keep an account of work carried out and to update and optimise the schedules. After completion of an individual task, the engineer is then 1o provided with details of the next task to be carried out. In Figure 1, the communication of task completion reports and task requests is shown schematically by functional block 9.
The work manager server 5 is shown in more detail in Figure 2 and comprises a IS general' purpose computer configured to operate as a server and provide the functionality shown schematically within the hatched outline. The server 5 includes a scheduler l0 which receives the task data 4 and engineer data 6 together with the engineer reports 9. The scheduler 10 performs a simulated annealing algorithm to produce schedules for the individual engineers which are shown schematically as 2o functional block 11. In practice, the schedule data produced by the scheduler 10 is stored in a database in a storage medium such as a hard disc (not shown).
Scheduler 10 may operate to generate an initial series of schedules allocating field engineers to the tasks. The initial schedules may be generated in a two-stage process 25 in which a rule-based rystem allocates tasks selected as being difficult to allocate e.g.
because they are linked to other tasks, and then a stochastic search system completes the rest of the schedule. Periodically the stochastic rystem may be interrupted to allow a further rule-based system to analyse the schedules created so far, and fix the best ones in the schedule, so that the stochastic system can then 3o concentrate of improving the remaining schedules. This is referred to hereinafter as "hard scheduling" HS. In order to allow the scheduler to handle rapid changes in the requirements for tasks and the availability of field engineers, on a scale faster than the time required to generate the schedules, a schedule modification system is arranged to make changes in the short term, between the schedule updates delivered by the hard schedule generation system. This will be referred to as "simulated annealing" SA. The scheduler 10 is described in more detail in our co-pending PCT/W098/22897 to which reference is directed.
Even though the scheduler 10 can respond in essentially real time to new task data, there will remain some unscheduled tasks l la which will need to be allocated to engineers. Details of the unscheduled tasks lla may be stored with the schedules 11, although they are shown separately in Figure 1 for purposes of clarity.
The work manager server 5 also includes a what-if server 12 which can be accessed by the OUCs from their workstations 7 to enable what-if scenarios to be investigated, to provide management information. The outcomes of such what-if investigations are held in files 13 for review by the workstations 7. The what-if IS server 12 communicates with the scheduler 10 to derive outcomes of what-if investigations.
The work manager server S further includes a map server 14 which provides map display data to the individual workstations. As explained later, this enables a map to 2o be displayed corresponding to the domain for the OUC at the workstation 7.
In this example, the map server 14 provides a map of the United Kingdom, using the UK National Grid map co-ordinate reference system, which has a predetermined relationship with latitude and longitude. The map is provided with details of the coverage areas of individual telephone exchanges. The engineer data 6 and task data 25 4 provides details of the location of the various engineers and tasks using the National Grid map co-ordinate reference rystem. Whilst in this example the map server is shown included in the work manager server 5, it will be understood that a separate map server could be provided at a different location, accessible through the Internet 8 by the individual workstations 7. Also, different map reference co-30 ordinate systems could be used.
As previously mentioned, the scheduler 10 uses a rule-based system for the HS/SA
processes. The speed of computation and the outcome are a function of the _g_ parameters used to define the scheduling process. These scheduler parameters can be modified, and as will be explained hereinafter, the outcome of changing the values of the scheduler parameters can be reviewed at the workstation 7 using the what-if server 12. The settings for the scheduler parameters 15 that were used to prepare a particular schedule 11, are made available to the workstation for use in the what-if processes.
Under limited circumstances, the workstation may be permitted to change the scheduler parameters for the production of subsequent schedules. In practice, the 1o scheduler parameter data 15 may be included with the current schedules but is shown separately in Figure 2 for purposes of clarity.
Workstation 7 - OUC
The hardware configuration of the workstation 7 is illustrated schematically in Figure 3. The workstation 7 comprises a screen 16 such as a CRT or plasma display, keyboard 17, mouse 18, storage device 19, typically a floppy disk drive 19a, hard disc 19b and CD or DVD ROM drive 19c, processor 20,_ RAM 21, ROM 22 and network connection 23 such as a modem or ISDN interface. The aforementioned components are interconnected by a common bus 24 as well known 2o in the art.
Referring to Figure 4, control software 25 running on the workstation 7 provides five main displays for the output display 16 including a Tour Map produced by tour map generation software 25a, and a Gantt chart produced by a software module z5 25b. The software modules 25a, 25b operate upon map and schedule data 26 downloaded from the work manager server 5, and a display is provided on the output display 16. The form of the display is controlled by user control commands generated by means of the keyboard 17 and mouse 18. Additionally, the control software 25 includes a statistics generator 25c to provide statistical displays based 30 on the downloaded schedule data 26. Furthermore, the software 25 includes a what-if controller 25d to co-operate with the what-if server 12 as will be explained in more detail hereinafter. Also, a scheduler parameter edit controller 25e is provided to allow editing operations to be carried out on the scheduler parameters 15, as will be described later.
The output management information may be displayed in a Gantt chart window or a Tour Map window to be explained in more detail hereinafter.
Downloading sche~le data The controller at workstation 7 can download schedule data 26 by using a main window 30 illustrated in Figure S. Schedules for a particular domain can be selected to by means of dialogue box 31. As previously explained, the work manager server 5 may in fact comprise a number of distributed servers around the country and dialogue box 32 permits selection of an appropriate local server.
The window 30 is provided with a button bar 33. Button 34 permits the latest schedule to be downloaded. Button 35 permits schedules to be archived into a selected archive folder 36. Folder 36 is a default archive folder and two other archive folders are shown which have been named by the user. Button 37 selects a statistics display and button 38 selects a parameter editing facility. Button 39 selects a Gantt chart to be described in more detail later and button 40 selects a display of 2o a Tour Map, also to be described in more detail later. Button 41 allows a what-if analysis to be performed.
Four downloaded schedules 42, 43, 44 and 45 are shown in the window 30, held in a folder wms 46.
Considering the schedule 42 by way of example, it was created on 17 February at 16.09 hrs and relates to the domain MI which, as can be seen from dialogue box 31, is a domain around Greenford, to the west of London, UK. The schedule has been prepared by the HS/SA technique described previously and includes 115 tasks 3o to be performed by 174 engineers over three days. The data in the file includes , the task data 4 and the engineer data 6 for the domain, together with schedule information produced by the scheduler 10 for each of the 174 engineers who are individually identified by their PINS. The tasks are individually identified by their JINs.
Gmzrt ~rrdozPi The Gantt chart generator 25b shown in Figure 4 operates on the schedule data to produce corresponding Gantt charts in a Gantt chart window 48 shown in Figure 6.
The window includes two portions; window area 48a displays scheduled tasks and window area 48b displays unscheduled tasks. On the left hand side of the window, a vertical list 49a of the PINS of the individual engineers is displayed and each has a to corresponding time line extending horizontally across the window 48a. Thus for PIN LWBDGO1 a time line 50 is provided. Diamond symbols indicate the start and finish of the working day for the engineer concerned. Different categories of work activity are represented by different coloured elongate strips or blocks and a colour code legend is provided in a separate window (not shown). Considering for example the time 1i_ne 51. the engineer concerned carries out two tasks indicated by strips 52, 53 and undergoes a period of travel 54 between the tasks 52, 53.
As previously mentioned, the schedule data files 42-45 each contain schedule data for three successive days and in the Gantt chart of Figure 6, the window 48 2o provides access to individual charts for the three days respectively, accessible by means of tabs 55, 56, 57.
The window 48 also has a search facility button 58 that allows the user to search for individual jobs and engineers by PIN and JIN.
Each task is given an importance score by means of the HS/SA scheduler 10. In this example, the tasks 52 , 53 have an importance score of 200 and 550 in Figure 6.
Full task details of an individual task can be obtained by clicking the right hand mouse on the task block e.g. task 52 or 53 which provides a drop down menu (not 3o shown) with an option to retrieve full task details from the schedule data, which is displayed in a floating w indow as shown in Figure 7.

As previously explained, unscheduled tasks are displayed in window 48b. A list of their location codes, comprising a letter code indicating a telephone exchange is given in vertical window 49b.
Each task in the schedule has a contingency figure associated with it. This comprises the number of "spare" minutes between the start time scheduled for a task and the projected latest start time, as projected by the scheduler 1G. If the task were to start after this latest start time it would then fail. For an appointed task, for example, this latest start time is represented by the end of an appointment slot. The to Gantt chart shown in Figure 6 can be operated by using a contingency control button 59 to display the contingency time for each task in a different colour set.
This display gives an at-a-glance indication of tasks which are currently safe from failure, those with a relatively low contingency, those which have already failed to be handled by an engineer and those which are shown as being scheduled such that Is they will fail.
This display of contingency values allows the user at workstation 7 to identify problem areas and make a manual intervention to the scheduling scheme, if needed.
2o The Tour Map ~ndaur The tour map window allows the schedule for individual engineers to be mapped as a tour on a map corresponding to the domain 2. Appropriate map data is downloaded from the map server 14 shown in Figure 2, to the workstation 7 and the tour map generation software 24 shown in Figure 4 operates on the schedule 25 data to provide a pictorial display of the tour to be carried out by one or more field engineers as they move from task to task at different geographical locations according to their individual schedules specified in the downloaded schedule data 26.
3o An example of the tour map window 6G is shown in Figure 8. In this instance of the window, map data is shown for a domain that includes telephone exchanges at and around Greenford. Outstanding tasks are shown as rectangular dots 61 on the map display. The boundary of the telephone exchange area 62 for Greenford is shown together with a corresponding area 63 associated with an exchange "Hayes".
On the left hand side of the window, a so-called Tours Filter dialogue box 64 displays the PINS for field engineers for the domain. The Tours Filter 64 allows the tour for one or more engineers to be selected by clicking with the mouse on the relevant PIN as will be explained in more detail later. A scroll bar 66 allows all the PINS to be displayed.
The duration of the displayed tour can be selected by means of a time filter which comprises two slider controls operable by using the mouse. Slider contr of 66, marked "S" sets the start time for the displayed tour and the slider 67, marked "E"
sets the end time.
A further filter is provided to control the display so as only to display tasks with an importance score within a particular range. Slider control 68 sets the lower threshold level of importance score whereas slider 69 sets the upper threshold for the displayed importance score. Tasks lying outside of the range set by the slider controls are not displayed.
A compass rose 70 is displayed in the top left hand corner of the map ar ea, which 2o can be used to navigate quickly around the map. Clicking on one of the sectors of the rose moves the viewing area across the map by one full screen. Clicking on the centre of part of the compass rose returns the user to the central part of the map display.
z5 When initially displaying the map or when several jumps have been made by scrolling around the map, it may be difficult for the user to ascertain which pan of the map is being displayed. To assist, a map locator window may be displayed by operating a map locator toggle button 71 on the button bar of window 60. This displays a small window 60' which displays the entire map for the domain, with 3o cross hairs 73 indicating the centre-point location for the main map window 60, as shown in Figure 9. In this case, the cross hairs 73 are centred on the exchange Kneller Hall, to the south of Greenford. It will be understood that the window can be toggled on and off using the button 71.

Displaying Tours Referring to Figure 8, the tour map window 60 has a engineer data display area 72.
When the tour map window 60 is first opened, the display area 72 is blank and the tours filter window 64 has all the PINS for the engineers in the domain highlighted, with the result that all tasks are displayed on the previously described Gantt chart are displayed on the map. However, individual tours for one or more engineers can be selected by selecting one or more PINS in the window 64 by means of the mouse.
If tours for two or three engineers only are selected, then arrows can be displayed to link the various points of call for an individual engineer, according to a map legend shown in Figure 10. From Figure 10, it will be seen that different types of tasks are displayed with different legends and, by clicking on the travel key 74, arrows connecting the various tasks for an individual engineer, within the time frame set by slider controls 66, 67, are displayed on the map.
Examples of tours are given in Figures lla and 11b.
2o Figure l la illustrates a tour for the remainder of a current day. The engineer's current location 75 is highlighted in a distinctive colour - red in this example, and arrow 76 indicates the journey to be made to the next task 77. The symbol 76 indicates that more than one task is to be performed at this location.
Thereafter, the field engineer is to travel to deal with task 78. Then, the engineer returns home, z5 at the end of the day, as indicated by arrow 79, which has a distinctive colour -green in an actual example.
Figure llb illustrates a tour for a engineer, which covers the remainder of the current day, together with the entire following day. The engineer travels from 3o current location 80 (which may be displayed in red) to three other sites 81, 82, 83, in turn. At the end of the day, the engineer travels from the site 83 to a start/finish location 84 as indicated by arrow 85 (which may be colour coded-green). The next day, the engineer travels to a first task 86, as indicated by an arrow of a distinctive colour indicating travel from the start location, e.g. yellow, indicated by arrow 87.
The engineer spends all day at location 86 and then returns home as indicated by arrow 88, which is colour coded green.
In use, the display area 72 shown in Figure 8 includes details for the field engineers for which tour maps are displayed. This will be explained in more detail later.
It is possible to display details of the individual tasks by using the mouse to click on a task such as an individual task 61 shown in Figure 8 and, by performing to predetermined mouse operations, a display corresponding to Figure 7 can be obtained for each individual task. Furthermore, when multiple tasks are to be found at the same location, further mouse operations can be performed to display each task individually.
Unsci~etasks The system also can display unscheduled tasks. Referring back to Figure 2, it will be recalled that the scheduler 10 may not schedule all tasks and provides a list of unscheduled tasks 11a. Information concerning these unscheduled tasks is provided to the workstation 7 in the downloaded data 26 shown in Figure 4.
To display only unscheduled tasks, a "scheduled task" option 90 in the map legend window shown in Figure 10, is disabled such that only unscheduled tasks, coded with a symbol ~ ase displaced at relevant locations in the map window 60.
Alternatively, the unscheduled tasks can be displayed by clicking the right hand mouse button on the tours filter window 65 shown in Figure 8 so as to deselect all PINS and thereby hide their scheduled tasks on the map display in window 60.
The window 60, in response, displays only those tasks which were unscheduled at the time that the relevant schedule was run. The details of the unscheduled tasks 3o can be displayed individually by using the mouse to click on them as previously described for scheduled tasks so as to provide a display corresponding to Figure 7 for an individual unscheduled task.

Figure 12 illustrates a partial, enlarged view of the tour map window 60 shown in Figure 8, when unscheduled tasks are displayed. The location of unscheduled task 91, disposed near the English town of Uxbridge is shown. Also, the current locations of field engineers are shown by the circular dots 92, 93, 94, 9~, 96. Details of the current locations of the field engineers are shown in the display window area 72 by reference to their PIN and OUC. The selection of engineers to be displayed in this window is determined by right clicking on the relevant unscheduled task -task 91 in this example so as to provide a display in area window 72 concerning the PIN, OUC, distance and travel time of adjacent field engineers. This information is 1o computed by the tour map software 25a shown in Figure 4. Thus, the operator at workstation 7 can determine how best to deal with unscheduled tasks e.g. in an emergency situation, in which an engineer needs immediately to be dispatched to deal with the unscheduled task. Thus, the operator at workstation 7 can manually override the schedules provided by the work manager server 5.
IS
Figure 13 illustrates the process carried out by the Tour Map software generator 25a to produce the display of engineers in window area 72. At step S 13.1, relevant engineer data are obtained from the engineer data 6 shown in Figure 1. The engineer data may relate to all the engineers for the domain or a selected group of 2o them. The selection process is described in more detail hereinafter with reference to the Find Task Engineer Query.
Then, at step S13.2, the task location data for the unscheduled task, that has been selected by means of the mouse cursor, is compared with the location data for each 25 individual engineer so that at step S 13.3, the relative distance and the time to tr av e1 to the unscheduled task is computed for each engineer.
Then, at step S13.4, the engineer data is ranked in order of preference on the basis of the time taken to travel to the unscheduled task. However, alternative rankings 3o may be used, such as the distance to travel to the unscheduled task. The resulting data is then displayed in the window area 72 shown in Figure 12.
PWA Query Tool When the Tour Map window 60 is initially opened, no field engineer data is displayed in the window 72 and only the task locations are displayed on the map in window 60, together with travel arrows, if selected.
In order to determine the location of a specific field engineer or group of engineers who fit certain criteria, a PWA query tool is selected from the button bar using button 99 shown in Figure 8. This displays a PWA query dialogue box as shown in Figure 14. The dialogue box allows certain search criteria to be set in respect of field engineers. Data selection fields, which use drop down menus (which can also 1o be overtyped) are provided to set up the search criteria. Field 100 sets the domain, field 101 the daze and field 102 sets the OUC.
There are a number of further fields which select details from the engineer data 6 described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. An Attendance field 103 allows engineers to be selected on the basis of whether they are rostered in (i.e.
working), rostered off, absent (e.g. on holiday) or all engineers can be selected.
Field 104 permits engineers to be selected in terms of their skill levels. As previously described, the engineer data indicates the skill levels of individual engineers.
Field 10~ permits engineers to be selected depending on whether they are a member of a closed user group or CUG. These groups may be for specific secure or specialist areas such as banks, particular industrial sites and the like where only z5 engineers with a predetermined security clearance are allowed access.
Field 106 allows a preferred working area or PWA for the engineers to be selected.
Each engineer has a preferred working area which is displayed on the maps as circle centred on a particular telephone exchange from which the engineer usually operates. Four menu choices are provided. A "normal" PWA comprises a circle of a predetermined radius based on the telephone exchange.

An "interrupt" option permits the radius of the PWA circle to be expanded in order to increase the effective mobility of engineers in order to deal with the occurrence of e.g. a very important urgent task. A "start of day" option allows the PWA
to be modified to take account of the distance that an engineer may- need to travel from home at the start of the day. The "extended" option allows the PWA circle radius to be enlarged for example to deal with situations where only a few engineers are available e.g. due to sickness and a decision is made deliberately to increase the working area to deal with the resulting engineer resource shortfall.
1o When the fields have been appropriately set, a run query button 107 is operated, which results in a display in the window area 72 as shown in Figure 15.
The PINS of engineers which satisfy the search criteria are displayed in a column 108 together with a corresponding OUC in column 109. The column relating to the mobility of the engineers together with the corresponding mobility radius are presented in columns 110, 111. The mobility radius corresponds to the radius of a circle based on the current working location of the field engineer and indicates how far the engineer can travel during the remainder of the working day. The PWA
radius for the engineers is displayed in column 112, with a value corresponding to 2o the search criteria set in dialogue box 106 in Figure 14. The PWA radius is centred on a particular exchange indicated by a three digit code in column 113. The location of the exchange on the map is indicated by a code presented in column 114.
This data can be displayed on the map in window 60 for one or more engineers, by selecting the PIN in display 72, using the mouse. The resulting display is shown in Figure 16. Additionally, if desired, the start and preferred working locations for the engineers concerned can be displayed by making an appropriate selection in the map legend window, using menu options 115, 116 shown in Figure 10.
In Figure 16, a display corresponding to engineer PIN LWMXS26 is shown corresponding to a highlighted display line 117 in display area 72. The display includes a circle 118 with a radius corresponding to 8km centred on the preferred working location, namely the Greenford exchange 119. The actual working location 120 is also shown and a mobility circle with a mobility radius of 8.33km may also be shown, although it is omitted from Figure 16 for purposes of clarity.
Checking Area Car,~-age by Engirc~rs The system is configured to allow the area of coverage on the map to be checked for different criteria such as a particular OUC, for the current day or for some certain date in the future, specifying the normal PWAs or other PWAs as appropriate.
Firstly, a PWA query is carried out as previously described using appropriate PW A
type, skill OUC and CUG patterns and an appropriate date, using the PWA query dialogue box illustrated in Figure 14. It will be understood that this populates the display window area 72 with the details of engineers capable of providing the particular coverage of interest.
Then the right hand mouse button is operated, which displays a menu 121 shown in Figure 17. The menu option "Fill PWA Circles" 122 is selected using the mouse, which results in the PWA circles for all the selected engineers being displayed, each 2o filled with a shading as shown in Figure 18. The shaded area can be compared with the map area and regions of no coverage can readily be identified. In Figure 18, regions 123 have no coverage, together with regions 124, 12~, 126. The small regions 125, 126 would not otherwise readily be identifiable.
A list of the engineers for which the filled-in PWA circles are displayed, is given in the display area 72.
Where several PWA circles overlie one another, it is possible to obtain information concerning the pins for the engineers concerned, by clicking right hand mouse 3o button with the cursor disposed on the PWA circle as shown for circle 127 in Figure 19. In this way, the PINS for the overlying PWA circles are displayed in a drop down list 128.

Find Task Engin~r Query The controller at workstation 7 may need to find an engineer who can take on a currently unscheduled task. Alternatively, the controller may need to identify a engineer who can take on a task which is already part of another engineer's tour, e.g.
because the engineer's van has broken down or because the engineer is tied up in a current task that will take longer than scheduled.
As previously explained with reference to Figure 17, using the right hand button of the mouse provides a drop down menu and one of the menu options is "Find Task l0 Engineers Query" 129 shown in Figure 17. A similar menu option can be obtained when the Gang chart is displayed by right-clicking with the mouse. Selection of this menu option displays a dialogue box 130 illustrated in Figure 20. If the right hand mouse button was operated with the mouse cursor aligned with a particular task, the details of the task concerned will automatically be displayed in the dialogue box 130. Thus, the current JIN, domain and date are automatically supplied to the field windows 131, 132, 133. Alternatively, if the right hand mouse button is clicked in a background area of the map instead of on the task, and the find task engineers query option 129 is selected, the fields 131, 132 and 133 will be blank and the user can supply relevant details and then perform the query. This can be useful if the 2o task concerned is not displayed on the map. The user can then set the PWA
type in field 134. Consideration of the skill level, CUG, P~IA and mobility can be selectively enabled using fields 135, 136, 137 and 138, depending on the requirements of the user.
Then, a run query button 139 is actuated and the tour map generation software retrieves current details of field engineers that fit the search criteria in the query dialogue box 130, and displays their current locations on the tour map in tour window 60, as shown in Figure 21. The display window area 72 becomes populated with the details of all field engineers retrieved by the query i.e. those that fulfil the 3o query criteria and who have current or future schedule hours available to carry out tasks, on the date selected.

As shown in Figure 21, the available engineers are listed in order of preference in the display area 72 in terms of their PIN and OUC, listed in column 140, 141, with details of their distance from the location of the task, liven in column 142 together with an estimated travel time to the task in column 14~. An estimated available start time for the task is given in column 144 and a (>] is given in column 145.
In the map window, details for the first three engineers listed in display area 72 are provided namely for display lines 146, 147, 148, shown highlighted. The default display for map window 60 includes the current and next location for each field 1o engineer but further details may optionally be displayed. In the example of Figure 20, the preferred working locations for the three engineers are shown at 149, 1~0 and 151. Furthermore two of their PWAs are shown at 152 and 15~.
It will be appreciated that the Find Task Engineers Query box in Figure 20, when 15 used for an unscheduled task, i.e. by clicking the mouse on an unscheduled task, provides details of engineers available to perform the task which can be displayed as shown in Figure 12, as previously described.
Engineer Locations ?o As already described, only the locations of selected engineers displayed in the display area 72 of window 60 may be displayed on the map. Further control of which engineers are displayed can be achieved by clicking the right hand mouse button a blank area of the map to provide the drop down menu shown in Figure 17, and then selecting a "show locations for" menu option 154 which offers two further 25 options as shown in Figure 22. When "all selected engineers" option 155 is selected, which is the default, the engineers' tasks are displayed as previously described with reference to Figure 8. However, when option 156 is selected, then only the PWA circles for the selected PINS displayed in area 72 are shown, as before, but none of the task locations are displayed until the mouse pointer is 3o placed over a particular PWA circle. Then the location of all types of tasks for that engineer are displayed irrespective of the map legend selections made in the map legend window shown in Figure 10. This option is particularly useful for browsing through each relevant engineer to determine their location with respect to their PWA. It also reduces clutter when it is desired to see all types of locations for each engineer.
When this option is selected, moving the mouse pointer onto a PWA circle causes it to be displayed in bold and the start, current and preferred and, where appropriate, next location for that engineer only are then displayed on the map. If the PINS
mobility limit is greater than the PWA radius, this is shown as a second circle in red, at an appropriate distance from the PINS current location. If the mobility distance is the same as the PWA radius, and the current location is also the preferred location then, on placing the mouse pointer on the PWA circle, the circle is again made bold, but now in red indicating that the two are superimposed.
Statistics Display The workstation control software 25 includes a statistics generator 25c that can be selected by means of the statistics button 37 on the main window shown in Figure 5. Displays produced by the statistics generator software 25c are shown in Figures 23 and 24. The software acts on a selected individual schedule e.g. schedule 41 in respect of the three successive days data therein, to provide totals and averages as shown in screen display 157, in Figure 23. As shown in Figure 24, the display also 2o includes quality of service or QOS indicators, shown in screen 158. The statistical display software 25c also can provide graphical displays of the corresponding data (not shown).
Parcmceter Editor As previously described, the HS/SA scheduler 10 shown in Figure 2 makes use of scheduling algorithms that include a number of adjustable parameters 15, which can be edited by means of parameter editor controller software 25e shown in Figure 4.
The parameter editor software is actuated by means of button 38 on button bar of Figure 5, as a result of which a display of the parameters is provided on output 3o display 16 as shown in Figure 25. A detailed discussion of the scheduler parameters is given in our PCT/W098/22897 supra. In Figure 25, the parameters are displayed over six pages and have been downloaded from the work manager server 5. Some of the workstations 7 will be provided with authority to change the parameters for the scheduler 10 and to upload revised values of the individual parameters. This is achieved in Figure 25 by placing new values of the parameters concerned in the "new" column 159, to replace the current values shown in column 160. Column 161 provides a default value for each individual parameter. A
usual range is presented in column 162 and the units concerned in column 163.
The parameter editor can also be used to analyse the parameters for a particular set of schedule data 26 which, as previously described, may include scheduler parameter data 15, corresponding to the parameters actually used when preparing the schedule 1o data by means of the scheduler 10. The parameter data derived from the schedule data 26 can also be edited, particularly for use in a what-if analysis. This is achieved by selecting one of the schedule data files, such as file 42 in the main window of Figure 5, so as to display the scheduler parameter data from the selected file in the parameter editor.
What-if Analysis As previously described, the scheduler 10 shown in Figure 2 continually updates schedules and provides tasks to the individual engineers in response to task requests 9. The workstation 7 can carry out what-if analyses using the what-if server 2o shown in Figure 2, making use of the scheduler 10, in parallel with the on-line scheduling process performed by scheduler 10 for the engineers in response to their task requests 9, i.e. during a period the scheduler is supplying schedule data to the engineers.
Figure 26 illustrates the overall process for a what-if enquiry. The what-if process allows schedule data 26 to be modified in respect of the resource data 6 concernin' the engineers and the scheduler parameter data 1~, previously used to prepare the schedule under investigation. Thus, the user can investigate what would happen if a different number of engineers were used with different working periods etc.
and determine also the effect of changing the assumptions made in the scheduling process by the scheduler 10. The results can be compared with the original schedule data by use of the previously described Gantt chart, Tour Map and statistics display.

A what-if session is commenced by operating button 41 on button bar 33 in Figure 5. The user then selects a schedule to be analysed. For example, one of the schedules 41 - 44 can be selected or an archived schedule can be chosen from one of the archive folders 36 shown in Figure 5.
The retrieval of the schedule data is shown at step S26.1 in Figure 26. Then, at step S26.2, the resource editor window shown in Figure 27 is used to modify the engineer data 6 in the data schedule file retrieved at step S26.1. As previously Io described, the schedule data concerns engineers in a particular domain for three successive days. The OUCs for the domain are displayed on separate sheets and a display for OUC SSA 101 is shown in Figure 21. The display includes a column for the PINS of the engineers for the OUC together with details of their rostering information over three successive days, in column 165, 166 and 167. The codes W
and ROF signify that the engineer concerned is working or rostered off. The operator at workstation 7 can selectively change this data. One or more engineers can be moved from the schedule. Engineers can be changed from "rostered off"
to rostered on i.e. "working" and vice versa. Engineers' absences can be removed or added and one or more engineers can be duplicated to increase the resource 2o available. These operations are performed using the mouse and keyboard.
At step S26.3, the scheduler parameter data 15 is selectively modified. This is carried out using the input screen shown in Figure 25, as previously described. The changes made at step S26.2 and S26.3 thus set up a what-if session shown at step ?s S26.4. It will be understood that in the what-if session, modifications have been made to a reference set of process conditions used in the scheduling process by the scheduler 10 to produce the schedule data file concerned, namely the scheduler parameter data 1~ and the resource data 6. The what-if session sets up a modified set of these conditions. The what-if session is given a session number e.g.
session 30 0. Further what-if sessions may be generated as previously described for comparison with one another.

Then at step S26.5, an individual what-if session is uploaded to the what-if server 12 in the work manager server 5 and, in parallel to the main processes, the scheduler 10 recalculates the schedule data using the updated parameters of the what-if session.
The resulting schedule data is held as a what-if file 13 shown in Figure 2 and then S downloaded to the workstation 7 at step S26.6.
If desired, the session details can be individually stored at step 526.7.
Also, the scheduler parameter data that was included in the session can be saved separately at step S26.8.
The amended schedule received at step S26.6 can then be reviewed. The schedule can be used to produce a Gantt chart on display 16 at step S26.9 in the manner previously described for the original schedule. The Gantt chart display can provide a display of both the ori~:nal schedule and the schedule produced by the what-if session and so by displaying them side-by-side, a comparison of the changes can be easily made.
Similarly at step S26.10, a display Tour Map of the original schedule data and the result of the what-if session can be displayed, using the previously described Tour 2o Map display.
A statistical display can also be produced as illustrated at step S26.11.
Figure 28 illustrates a window for displaying what-if statistics. The window shown in Figure 28 includes a main window area 180 which provides a statistical display generally similar to the display 1~7 shown in Figure 23. In addition, a display window 181 is provided for the various sessions generated by step S26.4. In Figure 28, one of the sessions, namely "session4" has been highlighted with the mouse, referenced 182. The corresponding totals/averages and QOS indicators are shown 3o for "session4".
Then, as shown in Figure 29, "session2" is highlighted, reference 183. As previously explained, the sessions are subject to changes with respect to one another and the corresponding changes in the statistics i.e. the changes between session 182 and 183, are highlighted, typically in red, as shown schematically at 184, 185 in the display. Thus a comparison between the various what-if sessions can be compared readily using this display.
If the parameter scheduler data saved at step S26.8 gives rise to an improved scheduling, as determined by the what-if analysis just described, the saved parameter data can be uploaded to the work manager server 5 to control operation of the scheduler 10 at step S26.12. In practice, the operator of the workstation 7 may by IC experience and also by what-if analysis, come to learn of different optimised sets of parameter scheduler data which work well for different conditions, such as at the beginning of the day, the end of the day, bad weather conditions, traffic congestion and other non-standard situations.
Also, the what-if analysis may provide insights into how the rostering and work patterns of engineers can be changed, which can be fed into engineer data 6 for the future, in order to improve and optimise the task scheduling.
Many modifications and vaations to the described example of the invention are ze possible and, whilst the invention has been described in relation to a telecommunications rystem. it can be used to process tasks relating to other situations where resources need to be applied to carry out the tasks concerned. For example, other situations where field engineers are deployed. The invention could also be used for work scheduling in an industrial process situation. Many other 2s applications will be evident =o those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method of scheduling tasks to be performed by means of a plurality of resources, comprising:
providing schedule data (26, 42-45) corresponding to schedules of the tasks (11) that individual ones of the resources are to carry out, prepared from task data (4) concerning the tasks to be carried out and resource data (6) concerning characteristics of resources available to carry out the tasks over a given period, together with unscheduled task data (11a) concerning a task (T) not included in the schedules, and analysing the schedules and the characteristics of the individual resources to determine a candidate resource (E) to perform the task (T) corresponding to the unscheduled task data.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the tasks (T) are to be performed at different locations in a geographical area (2) by the resources (E) and the schedule data (26,42-45) contains location data corresponding to the locations of the resources and the unscheduled task, and the analysing includes comparing (S13.2) the location data for the unscheduled task and the resources to determine said candidate resource.

3. A method according to claim 2 including ranking (S13.4) more than one said candidate resource according to a predetermined criterion.

4. A method accor ding to claim 2 including computing the distance of the resources from the unscheduled task (S13.3) and ranking them according to distance therefrom.

5. A method according to claim 2 including computing the time to travel to the unscheduled task (S13.3) for the resources individually and ranking the resources according to the computed travel time.

6. A method according to any one of claims 2 to 5 including making an initial search (Fig. 20) for a group of resources to be considered as candidate resources.

7. A method according to any preceding claim including providing (S 13.5) a display (72) of the or each said candidate resource (E).

8. A method according to any one of claims 2 to 6 including providing a display on a map of the locations of the unscheduled task (91) and a least one said candidate resource (92-95).

9. A method according claim 8 including providing a tour map for at least one of the candidate resources.

10. A program to be run on a computer to perform a method as claimed in any preceding claim.

11. Computer software to be run on data processing apparatus for use in scheduling tasks to be performed by a plurality of resources, the software including program instructions for operating on schedule data (26, 42-45) corresponding to schedules of the tasks (11) that individual ones of the resources are to carry out, the schedule data having been prepared from task data (4) concerning the tasks to be carried out and resource data (6) concerning characteristics of resources available to carry out the tasks over a given period, together with unscheduled task data (11a) concerning a task (11) not included in the schedules, the program instructions being configured to produce an analysis of the schedules and the characteristics of the individual resources to determine a candidate resource (E) to perform the task (T) corresponding to the unscheduled task data.

12. Computer software according to claim 10 further including program instructions to produce the schedule data.

13. Apparatus to schedule tasks to be performed using a plurality of resources, wherein schedule data (26, 42-45) corresponding to schedules of the tasks (11) that individual ones of the resources are to carry out, prepared from task data (4) concerning the tasks to be carried out and resource data (6) concerning characteristics of resources available to carry out the tasks over a given period, together with unscheduled task data (11a) concerning a task (T) not included in the schedules, are provided, the apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to analyse the schedules and the characteristics of the individual resources to determine a candidate resource (E) to perform the task (T) corresponding to the unscheduled task data.

14. Apparatus according to claim 13 configured as a client (7) to receive said schedule data from a server (5).

15. Apparatus according to claim 14 together with the server (5).

16. Apparatus according to claim 13, 14 or 15 including a display device (16) configured to display the unscheduled task and at least one said candidate.

17. Apparatus according to any one of claims 13 to 16 wherein the schedule data relates to tasks to be performed on a telecommunications system and the resource data relates to field engineers to perform the tasks.