CA2426076A1 - Coupling apparatus - Google Patents
Coupling apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2426076A1 CA2426076A1 CA002426076A CA2426076A CA2426076A1 CA 2426076 A1 CA2426076 A1 CA 2426076A1 CA 002426076 A CA002426076 A CA 002426076A CA 2426076 A CA2426076 A CA 2426076A CA 2426076 A1 CA2426076 A1 CA 2426076A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- body portion
- downhole tubular
- bore
- tubular
- locking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
- F16L37/002—Couplings of the quick-acting type which can be controlled at a distance
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
- E21B19/06—Elevators, i.e. rod- or tube-gripping devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/04—Casing heads; Suspending casings or tubings in well heads
- E21B33/05—Cementing-heads, e.g. having provision for introducing cementing plugs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L21/00—Joints with sleeve or socket
- F16L21/06—Joints with sleeve or socket with a divided sleeve or ring clamping around the pipe-ends
Abstract
Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular (3) to a pump (2). The apparatus comprises: a body portion having a bore (5); a locking assembly comprising at least one locking member (16, 17) pivotally mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be pivoted between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking member engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion. Fixing means (22) is provided for fixing the locking member in the closed position. A method of drilling using a borehole casing is also disclosed.
Claims (14)
1. Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising; a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly comprising at least one locking member pivotally mounted to the body portion by a pivot member so as to permit the locking member to be pivoted between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking member engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; and fixing means for fixing the locking member in the closed position.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the body portion comprises a locking surface which is upwardly directed, when in use, and engages a locking surface of the locking member(s).
3. The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the locking assembly comprises a pair of locking members pivotally mounted to the body portion at a substantially common pivot point.
4. The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the pivot member pivotally mounting the locking member(s) to the body portion passes through a bore in the body portion.
5. Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore arid a lacking surface which is upwardly directed, when in use; a locking assembly comprising at least one unitary locking member having first and second locking surfaces, wherein the locking member is movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the first locking surface engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion and the second locking surface engages the upwardly extending locking surface of the body portion so as to secure the locking member to the body portion; and fixing means for fixing the locking member in the closed position, wherein the body portion has an outwardly directed projection whose upper surface provides the upwardly directed locking surface, and the locking member is mounted about the projection, and wherein the outwardly directed projection has a side surface which meets the upper surface at a curved corner.
6. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the locking member has a recess which receives the projection.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 or 6 wherein the locking member is pivotally mounted to the body portion,
8. The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the fixing means comprises a lever clamp mechanism.
9. Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly for locking the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; and an annular sealing member mounted within the bore of the body portion and having a lower surface which engages an upper surface of the downhole tubular when the downhole tubular is received in the bore of the body portion, wherein the body portion and an upper surface of the annular sealing member are arranged so as to at least partially define a chamber which receives high pressure fluid in use so as to force the annular sealing member into engagement against the upper surface of the downhole tubular.
25a
25a
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the sealing member is slidably mounted in the bore so as to permit the seating member to translate into sealing engagement with the upper surface of the downhole tubular.
11.The apparatus of claim 9 or 10 wherein resilient means is provided to resiliently bias the annular sealing member towards the upper surface of the downhole tubular.
12.The apparatus of any of claims 9 to 11 wherein the annular sealing member has an upwardly directed flange which further defines the chamber.
13.The apparatus of any of claims 9 to 12 further comprising a resilient seal for sealing the interface between the annular sealing member and the downhole tubular.
14.The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the resilient seal is formed by a resilient portion of the annular sealing member which engages the upper surface of the downhole tubular l5.The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the resilient seal engages the outside of the downhole tubular.
16.The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the resilient seal engages the internal bore of the downhole tubular.
17.The apparatus of claim 15 or 16 wherein the resilient seal has an angled surface so as to provide a wedging action.
18. Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly for locking the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; and a resilient member arranged between an external surface of the downhole tubular and the bore of the body portion, wherein the resilient member is formed with a chamber for receiving fluid so as to inflate the resilient member into sealing engagement with the external surface of the downhole tubular and the bore of the body portion.
19.The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the chamber is toroidal in shape.
20.Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly comprising at least one unitary locking member having a locking surface and an elevator engagement surface, wherein the locking member is movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking surface engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; and fixing means for fixing the locking member in the closed position, wherein the elevator engagement surface is arranged so as to be externally accessible when the downhole tubular is locked in place whereby the elevator engagement surface can be engaged by an elevator which supports at least part of the weight of the downhole tubular.
21.The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the locking member is fitted on the outside of the body portion.
22.The apparatus of claim 20 or 21 wherein the locking member is externally accessible from below, and the elevator engagement surface is downwardly directed.
23.Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; at least one locking member movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking member engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion and takes up at least part of the weight of the downhole tubular; fixing means for fixing the locking member in the closed position; and one or more connectors for transferring the weight of the downhole tubular from the locking member to a support.
24.The apparatus of claim 23 in which the locking member slides or pivots to one side so as to permit the downhole tubular to be inserted into the bore of the body portion.
25.The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the locking member comprises a wedge shaped slip which engage an external surface of the downhole tubular.
26.The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the locking member is mounted to the body portion by two or more chains.
27.The apparatus of any of claims 23 to 26 wherein the, or each, connector is a laterally extending lug.
28.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the, or each, locking member is substantially C-shaped in cross-section.
29 Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump and transmitting drilling torque to the downhole tubular, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly for locking the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion, the locking assembly including at least one locking member movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking member engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the 28a downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; a gripping assembly for gripping an external surface of the downhole tubular; and means for transmitting drilling torque from the body portion to the gripping assembly.
30.The apparatus of claim 29 wherein the means for transmitting drilling torque can transmit a torque greater than 30 ft lbs, preferably greater than 250 ft lbs.
31. The apparatus of claim 29 or 30 wherein the means for transmitting drilling torque comprises a plurality of teeth.
32.The apparatus of claim 29,30 or 31 or further comprising means for actuating the gripping assembly.
33.The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the gripping assembly can be actuated when no fluid is being pumped into the downhole tubular.
34.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the locking member(s) form an annular ring when in the closed position.
35.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the body portion further comprises a second bore for receiving a pump tubular, the second bore being narrower than the bore for receiving the downhole tubular.
36.The apparatus of claim 35 wherein a resilient seal member is mounted in the second bore and seals against the pump tubular when the pump tubular is received in the second bore.
37.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein a resilient seal member is mounted in the bore of the body portion and seals against the downhole tubular when the downhole tubular is received in the bore.
38.The apparatus of claim 36 or 37 wherein the or each resilient seal member has a plurality of projections which engage the tubular when the tubular is received in the bore.
39.The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the projections are angled in the direction of insertion of the tubular into the bore.
40.The apparatus of claim 38 or 39 wherein the projections are in the form of circumferentially extending ribs.
41.A joint comprising: a downhole tubular; and the apparatus of any of the preceding claims coupling the downhole tubular to a pump.
42.A joint comprising a downhole tubular received in a borehole; a pump tubular; and apparatus coupling the downhole tubular to the pump~
tubular, the apparatus comprising a body portion with a first bore receiving the downhole tubular and a second bore receiving the pump tubular, and a locking assembly locking the downhole tubular in the first bore of the body portion, wherein the circulating head is constructed so as to permit relative axial movement between the pump tubular and the downhole tubular.
43.The joint of claim 42 wherein the pump tubular is received in the downhole tubular.
44.The joint of claim 42 or 43 further comprising a resilient member coupling the pump tubular to the body portion and providing a resilient biasing force which acts along the length of the pump tubular.
45.The joint of claim 44 wherein the resilient member comprises a coil spring wrapped around the pump tubular and coupled at a first end to the body portion and at a second end to the pump tubular.
46.The joint of claim 44 or 45 wherein the resilient member is housed at least partially in the first bore of the body portion.
47.The joint of any of claims 41 to 46 wherein the downhole tubular has a terminal collar which is received in the bore of the body portion.
48.A method of pumping fluid into a downhole tubular, the method comprising: providing a joint according to any of claims 41 to 47; and pumping fluid through the pump tubular into the downhole tubular.
49.A method of drilling comprising: engaging an external surface of a length of casing with a gripping assembly; drilling a hole by transmitting torque via the gripping assembly to a drilling bit mounted on an end of said casing; and sealing said casing in the drilled hole.
50.The method of claim 49 further comprising pumping fluid into the casing during drilling.
51.The method of claim 49 or 50 wherein the casing is sealed by pumping sealing fluid into the casing.
16.The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the resilient seal engages the internal bore of the downhole tubular.
17.The apparatus of claim 15 or 16 wherein the resilient seal has an angled surface so as to provide a wedging action.
18. Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly for locking the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; and a resilient member arranged between an external surface of the downhole tubular and the bore of the body portion, wherein the resilient member is formed with a chamber for receiving fluid so as to inflate the resilient member into sealing engagement with the external surface of the downhole tubular and the bore of the body portion.
19.The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the chamber is toroidal in shape.
20.Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly comprising at least one unitary locking member having a locking surface and an elevator engagement surface, wherein the locking member is movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking surface engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; and fixing means for fixing the locking member in the closed position, wherein the elevator engagement surface is arranged so as to be externally accessible when the downhole tubular is locked in place whereby the elevator engagement surface can be engaged by an elevator which supports at least part of the weight of the downhole tubular.
21.The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the locking member is fitted on the outside of the body portion.
22.The apparatus of claim 20 or 21 wherein the locking member is externally accessible from below, and the elevator engagement surface is downwardly directed.
23.Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; at least one locking member movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking member engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion and takes up at least part of the weight of the downhole tubular; fixing means for fixing the locking member in the closed position; and one or more connectors for transferring the weight of the downhole tubular from the locking member to a support.
24.The apparatus of claim 23 in which the locking member slides or pivots to one side so as to permit the downhole tubular to be inserted into the bore of the body portion.
25.The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the locking member comprises a wedge shaped slip which engage an external surface of the downhole tubular.
26.The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the locking member is mounted to the body portion by two or more chains.
27.The apparatus of any of claims 23 to 26 wherein the, or each, connector is a laterally extending lug.
28.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the, or each, locking member is substantially C-shaped in cross-section.
29 Apparatus for coupling a downhole tubular to a pump and transmitting drilling torque to the downhole tubular, the apparatus comprising: a body portion having a bore; a locking assembly for locking the downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion, the locking assembly including at least one locking member movably mounted to the body portion so as to permit the locking member to be moved between an open position in which the downhole tubular can be inserted into the bore of the body portion, and a closed position in which the locking member engages the downhole tubular so as to lock the 28a downhole tubular in the bore of the body portion; a gripping assembly for gripping an external surface of the downhole tubular; and means for transmitting drilling torque from the body portion to the gripping assembly.
30.The apparatus of claim 29 wherein the means for transmitting drilling torque can transmit a torque greater than 30 ft lbs, preferably greater than 250 ft lbs.
31. The apparatus of claim 29 or 30 wherein the means for transmitting drilling torque comprises a plurality of teeth.
32.The apparatus of claim 29,30 or 31 or further comprising means for actuating the gripping assembly.
33.The apparatus of claim 32 wherein the gripping assembly can be actuated when no fluid is being pumped into the downhole tubular.
34.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the locking member(s) form an annular ring when in the closed position.
35.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein the body portion further comprises a second bore for receiving a pump tubular, the second bore being narrower than the bore for receiving the downhole tubular.
36.The apparatus of claim 35 wherein a resilient seal member is mounted in the second bore and seals against the pump tubular when the pump tubular is received in the second bore.
37.The apparatus of any of the preceding claims wherein a resilient seal member is mounted in the bore of the body portion and seals against the downhole tubular when the downhole tubular is received in the bore.
38.The apparatus of claim 36 or 37 wherein the or each resilient seal member has a plurality of projections which engage the tubular when the tubular is received in the bore.
39.The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the projections are angled in the direction of insertion of the tubular into the bore.
40.The apparatus of claim 38 or 39 wherein the projections are in the form of circumferentially extending ribs.
41.A joint comprising: a downhole tubular; and the apparatus of any of the preceding claims coupling the downhole tubular to a pump.
42.A joint comprising a downhole tubular received in a borehole; a pump tubular; and apparatus coupling the downhole tubular to the pump~
tubular, the apparatus comprising a body portion with a first bore receiving the downhole tubular and a second bore receiving the pump tubular, and a locking assembly locking the downhole tubular in the first bore of the body portion, wherein the circulating head is constructed so as to permit relative axial movement between the pump tubular and the downhole tubular.
43.The joint of claim 42 wherein the pump tubular is received in the downhole tubular.
44.The joint of claim 42 or 43 further comprising a resilient member coupling the pump tubular to the body portion and providing a resilient biasing force which acts along the length of the pump tubular.
45.The joint of claim 44 wherein the resilient member comprises a coil spring wrapped around the pump tubular and coupled at a first end to the body portion and at a second end to the pump tubular.
46.The joint of claim 44 or 45 wherein the resilient member is housed at least partially in the first bore of the body portion.
47.The joint of any of claims 41 to 46 wherein the downhole tubular has a terminal collar which is received in the bore of the body portion.
48.A method of pumping fluid into a downhole tubular, the method comprising: providing a joint according to any of claims 41 to 47; and pumping fluid through the pump tubular into the downhole tubular.
49.A method of drilling comprising: engaging an external surface of a length of casing with a gripping assembly; drilling a hole by transmitting torque via the gripping assembly to a drilling bit mounted on an end of said casing; and sealing said casing in the drilled hole.
50.The method of claim 49 further comprising pumping fluid into the casing during drilling.
51.The method of claim 49 or 50 wherein the casing is sealed by pumping sealing fluid into the casing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2703694A CA2703694C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ507539 | 2000-10-16 | ||
| NZ50753900 | 2000-10-16 | ||
| PCT/NZ2001/000227 WO2002037015A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2703694A Division CA2703694C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2426076A1 true CA2426076A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 |
| CA2426076C CA2426076C (en) | 2010-08-17 |
Family
ID=19928183
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2426076A Expired - Fee Related CA2426076C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
| CA2703694A Expired - Fee Related CA2703694C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
| CA2718929A Expired - Fee Related CA2718929C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2703694A Expired - Fee Related CA2703694C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
| CA2718929A Expired - Fee Related CA2718929C (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2001-10-16 | Coupling apparatus |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7147254B2 (en) |
| EP (3) | EP2273059B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002212852A1 (en) |
| CA (3) | CA2426076C (en) |
| NO (3) | NO336998B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002037015A1 (en) |
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-
2001
- 2001-10-16 CA CA2426076A patent/CA2426076C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-16 WO PCT/NZ2001/000227 patent/WO2002037015A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-10-16 CA CA2703694A patent/CA2703694C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-16 EP EP10178832A patent/EP2273059B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-16 AU AU2002212852A patent/AU2002212852A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-16 US US10/399,053 patent/US7147254B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-16 EP EP01981193.4A patent/EP1327095B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-16 CA CA2718929A patent/CA2718929C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-16 EP EP10178972A patent/EP2273060B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-03-19 NO NO20031256A patent/NO336998B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-12-12 US US11/609,797 patent/US7384077B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-09 US US12/135,786 patent/US7758087B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-04-14 NO NO20150442A patent/NO337307B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-04-14 NO NO20150443A patent/NO337303B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2273059A1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| US7758087B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 |
| EP2273060B1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| NO20150443L (en) | 2003-06-11 |
| EP2273060A2 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| NO336998B1 (en) | 2015-12-21 |
| CA2718929A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 |
| US7384077B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 |
| EP1327095A1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
| EP2273059B1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CA2718929C (en) | 2014-02-18 |
| NO337303B1 (en) | 2016-03-07 |
| NO337307B1 (en) | 2016-03-07 |
| CA2703694A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 |
| NO20031256D0 (en) | 2003-03-19 |
| CA2426076C (en) | 2010-08-17 |
| CA2703694C (en) | 2011-03-22 |
| US20080303266A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
| NO20031256L (en) | 2003-06-11 |
| EP2273060A3 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
| NO20150442L (en) | 2003-06-11 |
| WO2002037015A1 (en) | 2002-05-10 |
| US20040046387A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| AU2002212852A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| EP1327095A4 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
| EP1327095B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
| US7147254B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
| US20070152445A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20171016 |