CA2433484C - Composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release lipid matrix, method for preparing the composition and method for the treatment of monogastric animals - Google Patents
Composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release lipid matrix, method for preparing the composition and method for the treatment of monogastric animals Download PDFInfo
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- CA2433484C CA2433484C CA002433484A CA2433484A CA2433484C CA 2433484 C CA2433484 C CA 2433484C CA 002433484 A CA002433484 A CA 002433484A CA 2433484 A CA2433484 A CA 2433484A CA 2433484 C CA2433484 C CA 2433484C
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- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lactic Acid Natural products CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 210000004211 gastric acid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021474 generally recognized As safe (food) Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The present invention relates to a composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release matrix and to a method for preparing said composition. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of monogastric animals in which said composition is used as addition of active substances such as for instance organic acids and/or inorganic acids for preserving and acidifying food for monogas- tric animals, including swine, sheep, rabbits, birds, horses, pets and humans.
Description
"COMPOSITION FOR USE IN ANIMAL NUTRITION COMPRISING A
CONTROLLED RELEASE LIPID MATRIX, METHOD FOR PREPARING
THE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF MONO-GASTRIC ANIMALS"
The present invention relates to a composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release matrix and to a method for preparing said composition.
Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of monogastric animals in which said composition is used as addition of active substances such as for instance organic acids and/or inorganic acids for preserving and acidifying food for monogas tric animals, including swine, sheep, rabbits, birds, horses, pets and humans.
It is known that new-born swine (as also other animal species) have a poor gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid.
The low level of hydrochloric acid anyhow enables the digestion of milk proteins, whereas it is not suffi cient for_ a complete digestion of proteins of a dif ferent origin (for instance soybean, potato and fish proteins).
New-born swine therefore have a secretive capacity that is suitable for milk feeding but insufficient when breeding techniques and feeding regulations pro vide for precocious weavings.
In the pre-weaning stage the fermentation of lactose that is present in milk by means of the autochthonous flora is the best defense against the settling of un wanted microflora.
Weaning strongly reduces the introduction of lactose and animals have to develop other defensive mechanisms in order to contrast the proliferation of pathogenic
CONTROLLED RELEASE LIPID MATRIX, METHOD FOR PREPARING
THE COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF MONO-GASTRIC ANIMALS"
The present invention relates to a composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release matrix and to a method for preparing said composition.
Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for the treatment of monogastric animals in which said composition is used as addition of active substances such as for instance organic acids and/or inorganic acids for preserving and acidifying food for monogas tric animals, including swine, sheep, rabbits, birds, horses, pets and humans.
It is known that new-born swine (as also other animal species) have a poor gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid.
The low level of hydrochloric acid anyhow enables the digestion of milk proteins, whereas it is not suffi cient for_ a complete digestion of proteins of a dif ferent origin (for instance soybean, potato and fish proteins).
New-born swine therefore have a secretive capacity that is suitable for milk feeding but insufficient when breeding techniques and feeding regulations pro vide for precocious weavings.
In the pre-weaning stage the fermentation of lactose that is present in milk by means of the autochthonous flora is the best defense against the settling of un wanted microflora.
Weaning strongly reduces the introduction of lactose and animals have to develop other defensive mechanisms in order to contrast the proliferation of pathogenic
-2-enterobacteria.
The increasing secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid slowly occurring after weaning creates an unfavorable environment for pathogenic microorganisms entering the intestinal portion.
It is also known that pH in the gastro-intestinal sys-tem varies according to the portion taken into consid-eration.
As a matter of fact, stomach has a pH of 2.0-5.0; duo denum has a pH of 4 to 6; jejunum has a pH of 6.0 to 7.0; cecum has a pH of 6.0 to 6.5; and eventually co lon has a pH of 6.5 to 7Ø
It is known about the "barrier" effect of the acid en vironment within the gastric system, acting as an an tibacterial defense so as to limit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria within animals.
In general the acid environment inhibits the growth of bacterial and fungin cells, and some particular types of acids can also contrast the germination and growth of bacterial spores.
However, a microbial resistance to weak organic acids may arise, which can involve various mechanisms.
As far as bacteria are concerned, there is a deep knowledge on their intrinsic mechanisms of inducible resistance against these compounds.
Preservatives can easily get into the cells of gram-positive bacteria whose intrinsic resistance is rela-tively low for most of them. An exception consists of acid-resistant bacteria (for instance lactic acid pro-ducers), which maintain an efficient metabolism also with relatively low cytoplasmic pH values, thus toler-ating the accumulation of organic acids within the cell.
In gram-negative bacteria resistance mechanisms are
The increasing secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid slowly occurring after weaning creates an unfavorable environment for pathogenic microorganisms entering the intestinal portion.
It is also known that pH in the gastro-intestinal sys-tem varies according to the portion taken into consid-eration.
As a matter of fact, stomach has a pH of 2.0-5.0; duo denum has a pH of 4 to 6; jejunum has a pH of 6.0 to 7.0; cecum has a pH of 6.0 to 6.5; and eventually co lon has a pH of 6.5 to 7Ø
It is known about the "barrier" effect of the acid en vironment within the gastric system, acting as an an tibacterial defense so as to limit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria within animals.
In general the acid environment inhibits the growth of bacterial and fungin cells, and some particular types of acids can also contrast the germination and growth of bacterial spores.
However, a microbial resistance to weak organic acids may arise, which can involve various mechanisms.
As far as bacteria are concerned, there is a deep knowledge on their intrinsic mechanisms of inducible resistance against these compounds.
Preservatives can easily get into the cells of gram-positive bacteria whose intrinsic resistance is rela-tively low for most of them. An exception consists of acid-resistant bacteria (for instance lactic acid pro-ducers), which maintain an efficient metabolism also with relatively low cytoplasmic pH values, thus toler-ating the accumulation of organic acids within the cell.
In gram-negative bacteria resistance mechanisms are
-3-more complicated.
Resistance mechanisms that can be induced in microor-ganisms have recently been studied more extensively.
It is known that bacterial cells face a lot of factors of potential stresses in their natural "habitat", such as for instance a very low pH value in the stomach or the physiological presence of high amounts of weak or-ganic acids (volatile fatty acids) in the intestine.
Actually, some pathogenic organisms can develop a tol-erance feedback to acids consisting in a complex de-fense system allowing cells to survive in case pH val-ues should sink up to 3. Furthermore, it has also been observed that a tolerance feedback to weak organic ac-ids occurs after the exposition to a pH value below 3.
Such situation can take place and involve among other things an increase of pathogenicity (minimum infecting dose) of some enterobacteriaceae.
Moreover, some bacteria, such as for instance Salmo nella typhimurium, can develop a tolerance feedback to acids with pH 3 after a previous exposition to a weak acid with pH 5.
Therefore, there is the need for a composition that can contrast the development and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in food and in animals' gastro-intestinal system.
In particular, there is the need for a composition for feeding monogastric animals comprising a controlled release matrix and a selected mixture of active sub stances, which can contrast the development of un wanted microflora in food.
Furthermore, there is the need for a composition for zootechnical and veterinary use comprising a con-trolled release matrix and a selected mixture of ac-tive substances, which can adjust intestinal microbism
Resistance mechanisms that can be induced in microor-ganisms have recently been studied more extensively.
It is known that bacterial cells face a lot of factors of potential stresses in their natural "habitat", such as for instance a very low pH value in the stomach or the physiological presence of high amounts of weak or-ganic acids (volatile fatty acids) in the intestine.
Actually, some pathogenic organisms can develop a tol-erance feedback to acids consisting in a complex de-fense system allowing cells to survive in case pH val-ues should sink up to 3. Furthermore, it has also been observed that a tolerance feedback to weak organic ac-ids occurs after the exposition to a pH value below 3.
Such situation can take place and involve among other things an increase of pathogenicity (minimum infecting dose) of some enterobacteriaceae.
Moreover, some bacteria, such as for instance Salmo nella typhimurium, can develop a tolerance feedback to acids with pH 3 after a previous exposition to a weak acid with pH 5.
Therefore, there is the need for a composition that can contrast the development and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in food and in animals' gastro-intestinal system.
In particular, there is the need for a composition for feeding monogastric animals comprising a controlled release matrix and a selected mixture of active sub stances, which can contrast the development of un wanted microflora in food.
Furthermore, there is the need for a composition for zootechnical and veterinary use comprising a con-trolled release matrix and a selected mixture of ac-tive substances, which can adjust intestinal microbism
-4-so as to contrast the proliferation of unwanted intes-tinal microflora in animals.
The main aim of the present invention is to provide a composition for feeding monogastric animals comprising a released control matrix and a selected mixture of active substances.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing said composition.
A further_ aim of the present invention is to provide a particular matrix that can carry and release in a con trolled way the components of the selected mixture of active substances within the gastro-intestinal portion of animals including humans.
Finally, a still further aim of the present invention is to provide the use of a matrix that can carry and release a selected mixture of active substances for preparing a composition for treating intestinal dysmi crobism.
These and other aims that will be evident from the following detailed description have been achieved by the Applicant, who has found it useful to prepare a composition for feeding monogastric animals.
A first object of the present invention is a composi tion for feeding monogastric animals comprising a con trolled release lipid matrix and a mixture of active substances, whose characteristics are disclosed in the appended claims.
Preferably, the composition according to the present invention is in microencapsulated form.
Advantageously, the composition according to the pres-ent invention has a wide action spectrum in adjusting bacterial metabolism in feed and in releasing the ac-tive substances within animals' gastro-intestinal por-tion. Moreover, the composition according to the in-
The main aim of the present invention is to provide a composition for feeding monogastric animals comprising a released control matrix and a selected mixture of active substances.
Another aim of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing said composition.
A further_ aim of the present invention is to provide a particular matrix that can carry and release in a con trolled way the components of the selected mixture of active substances within the gastro-intestinal portion of animals including humans.
Finally, a still further aim of the present invention is to provide the use of a matrix that can carry and release a selected mixture of active substances for preparing a composition for treating intestinal dysmi crobism.
These and other aims that will be evident from the following detailed description have been achieved by the Applicant, who has found it useful to prepare a composition for feeding monogastric animals.
A first object of the present invention is a composi tion for feeding monogastric animals comprising a con trolled release lipid matrix and a mixture of active substances, whose characteristics are disclosed in the appended claims.
Preferably, the composition according to the present invention is in microencapsulated form.
Advantageously, the composition according to the pres-ent invention has a wide action spectrum in adjusting bacterial metabolism in feed and in releasing the ac-tive substances within animals' gastro-intestinal por-tion. Moreover, the composition according to the in-
-5-vention has a time-constant activity that goes on also after the animal has ingested the food.
Another object of the present invention is a method for preparing said composition, whose characteristics are disc7_osed in the appended claims.
The Applicant has improved a particular slow release lipid matrix.
The lipid matrix according to the present invention comprises vegetal triglycerides.
The lipid matrix comprises hydrogenated vegetal tri-glycerides.
The lipid matrix according to the present invention comprises animal triglycerides or mixtures thereof.
Hydrogenated vegetal triglycerides are chosen from the group comprising: palm butter, sunflower oil, corn oil, rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil.
Alternatively, mixtures of hydrogenated triglycerides can be used in variable proportions of the single com-ponents.
Animal triglycerides are chosen among: bovine tallow and swine lard.
The matrix further comprises particular additives.
Said additives are chosen from the group comprising:
fumed silica, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium sulfate.
The additives used enable to increase the viscosity of said matrix and to reduce its permeability.
Preferably, the lipid matrix comprises said additives in an amount of 0 . 1 to 30 o by weight with respect to the total- weight of said lipid matrix; for instance 1 to 20%.
The controlled release lipid matrix according to the present invention, into which a particular mixture of active substances is dispersed for preparing a compo-
Another object of the present invention is a method for preparing said composition, whose characteristics are disc7_osed in the appended claims.
The Applicant has improved a particular slow release lipid matrix.
The lipid matrix according to the present invention comprises vegetal triglycerides.
The lipid matrix comprises hydrogenated vegetal tri-glycerides.
The lipid matrix according to the present invention comprises animal triglycerides or mixtures thereof.
Hydrogenated vegetal triglycerides are chosen from the group comprising: palm butter, sunflower oil, corn oil, rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil.
Alternatively, mixtures of hydrogenated triglycerides can be used in variable proportions of the single com-ponents.
Animal triglycerides are chosen among: bovine tallow and swine lard.
The matrix further comprises particular additives.
Said additives are chosen from the group comprising:
fumed silica, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium sulfate.
The additives used enable to increase the viscosity of said matrix and to reduce its permeability.
Preferably, the lipid matrix comprises said additives in an amount of 0 . 1 to 30 o by weight with respect to the total- weight of said lipid matrix; for instance 1 to 20%.
The controlled release lipid matrix according to the present invention, into which a particular mixture of active substances is dispersed for preparing a compo-
-6-sition for zootechnical and veterinary use, has some advantages.
A first advantage consists in that better rheological properties are obtained thanks to the functional sta y bility to the pressure which said composition will un dergo during its use for preparing pre-mixtures or complementary or finished feeds.
The properties of release of active substances are op timized since the dissolution of said matrix within the various gastro-intestinal portions takes place gradually.
As a matter of fact, as a consequence of the attack of digestive secretions the matrix according to the pres-ent invention enables to obtain a slow and gradual re-lease of the active substances as a function of time.
For instance, a method for preparing the controlled release matrix provides that said lipid matrix is in-troduced into a container provided with heating and mixing devices. The container temperature is then brought to a temperature of 80 to 120°C and the matrix is kept under stirring until it melts.
The melted matrix is then added with the additives.
Stirring and temperature are kept until a homogenous mixture is obtained. During this stage emulsifiers may be added to said homogenous mixture.
The Applicant has improved a microencapsulated compo-sition. Said composition is in the physical form of spheres having a diameter of 100 to 2000 microns, in each sphere active substances being incorporated within the matrix and therefore separated from out-side.
Said composition comprises a controlled release matrix into which a selected mixture of active substances is dispersed.
A first advantage consists in that better rheological properties are obtained thanks to the functional sta y bility to the pressure which said composition will un dergo during its use for preparing pre-mixtures or complementary or finished feeds.
The properties of release of active substances are op timized since the dissolution of said matrix within the various gastro-intestinal portions takes place gradually.
As a matter of fact, as a consequence of the attack of digestive secretions the matrix according to the pres-ent invention enables to obtain a slow and gradual re-lease of the active substances as a function of time.
For instance, a method for preparing the controlled release matrix provides that said lipid matrix is in-troduced into a container provided with heating and mixing devices. The container temperature is then brought to a temperature of 80 to 120°C and the matrix is kept under stirring until it melts.
The melted matrix is then added with the additives.
Stirring and temperature are kept until a homogenous mixture is obtained. During this stage emulsifiers may be added to said homogenous mixture.
The Applicant has improved a microencapsulated compo-sition. Said composition is in the physical form of spheres having a diameter of 100 to 2000 microns, in each sphere active substances being incorporated within the matrix and therefore separated from out-side.
Said composition comprises a controlled release matrix into which a selected mixture of active substances is dispersed.
-7-In a preferred embodiment according to the present in-vention the mixture of active substances is a mixture of organic acids, inorganic acids and/or salts thereof.
In another preferred embodiment according to the pres-ent invention the mixture of active substances is a mixture of organic acids, inorganic acids and/or salts thereof and a mixture of natural or natural-similar aromatizing agents.
In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention the mixture of active substances is a mixture of organic acids, inorganic acids and/or salts thereof, a mixture of natural or natural-similar aromatizing agents and/or drugs, such as antibiotics.
Natural or natural-similar aromatizing agents are cho-sen for instance from mixtures of herbs and plant ex-tracts, oleoresins, essential oils or (generally rec-ognized as safe - GRAS) aromatic substances and fra-grances such as natural additives, among which garlic (Allium sativum), oregano and the main components of its essential oils, among which carvacrol, p-cymene and y-terpinene. Essential oils are rich in aromatic compounds extracted from plants by means of various processes among which distillation with water or va-por, extractions with solvents or hypercritic extrac-tions. They can be distilled from flowers, seeds, leaves or roots, or from the whole plant.
When these products are extracted and then concen trated, great attention should be paid to the purity of the plant to be extracted, in order to avoid ex traction and concentration also of mycotoxins gener-ated by epiphyte fungi or alkaloids of plants that can damage the animals' health.
The chemical composition of essential oils can be I
.8.
highly complex, including also terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids with antioxidant or antimicrobial properties. Flavonoids can also act as chelating agents for metals, such as copper and iron, which are known pro-oxidant agents.
Other examples are sage, rosemary, vanilla.
Beyond the use of natural aromatizers, natural-similar substances can be used, which thanks to their purity degree enable a higher constancy in the formulation.
The microencapsulation of these substances allows to limit the loss of the most volatile components while preparing and storing food and further allows to ad-just the release of fragrances and aromatic sub-stances, so as to supply the animal with a stabilized and tasty food and to enable the slow release of these aromatic substances in the gastro-intestinal portion.
The mixture of 5o natural or natural-similar aromatiz-ing agents is present in an amount of 1 to 50o by weight with respect to the total weight of the final composition; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight.
Preferab:Ly, the mixture of acids can contain in addi-tion other nutritional components that are physiologi-cally useful for animals.
Preferably, the composition comprises the controlled release matrix in an amount of 40 to 70o by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
Preferably, the composition comprises the mixture of organic and/or inorganic acids in an amount of 30 to 60o by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
The mixture of acids comprises organic and inorganic acids chosen from the group consisting of: lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, sorbic acid, orthophosphoric acid.
Preferably, formic acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 50o by weight; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight; and salts for instance calcium formate 5 15o by weight.
to Preferab.Ly, lactic acid (absorbed on 50% silica gel) is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 50o by weight; preferably of 5 to 15% by weight.
Preferably, citric acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 60o by weight; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight.
Preferably, fumaric acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0. 1 to 60 o by weight; pref-erably o.f to 20o by weight.
Preferably, malic acid is contained in the mixture.
of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight.
Preferably, sorbic acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 60o by weight; preferably of 5 to 20o by weight; and salts for instance potas-sium sorbate 5 to 20o by weight.
Preferably, orthophosphoric acid (absorbed on 60o sil-ica gel) is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 1 to 50o by weight.
0.
The followin g contains a list of some compositions of the present invention included as a mere non-limiting example.
1. 12.5% formic acid, 37.50 lactic acid and 50o ma-trix.
2. 10% citri c acid, 20% fumaric acid, 10o malic acid, 1% sorbic acid, 150 orthophosphoric acid and matrix.
3. 8o citric acid, 8o malic acid, 18o fumaric acid, 10o sorbic acid, 8% orthophosphoric acid, 4o mix-ture of natural and/or natural-similar aromatizing agents and 44% matrix.
4. 35% calcium formate, 10% fumaric acid, 10% sorbic acid and 45% matrix.
5. 14% calcium formate, 7% calcium propionate, 23o fu-maric acid, 5% potassium sorbate and 51% matrix.
6. 32% calcium formate, 5% calcium propionate, 8% po-tassium sorbate, 5% mixture of natural and/or natu-ral-similar aromatizing agents and 50% matrix.
7. 20% fumaric acid, 10% malic acid, 10% citric acid, 10% orthophosphoric acid and 50o matrix.
In another preferred embodiment according to the pres-ent invention the mixture of active substances is a mixture of organic acids, inorganic acids and/or salts thereof and a mixture of natural or natural-similar aromatizing agents.
In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention the mixture of active substances is a mixture of organic acids, inorganic acids and/or salts thereof, a mixture of natural or natural-similar aromatizing agents and/or drugs, such as antibiotics.
Natural or natural-similar aromatizing agents are cho-sen for instance from mixtures of herbs and plant ex-tracts, oleoresins, essential oils or (generally rec-ognized as safe - GRAS) aromatic substances and fra-grances such as natural additives, among which garlic (Allium sativum), oregano and the main components of its essential oils, among which carvacrol, p-cymene and y-terpinene. Essential oils are rich in aromatic compounds extracted from plants by means of various processes among which distillation with water or va-por, extractions with solvents or hypercritic extrac-tions. They can be distilled from flowers, seeds, leaves or roots, or from the whole plant.
When these products are extracted and then concen trated, great attention should be paid to the purity of the plant to be extracted, in order to avoid ex traction and concentration also of mycotoxins gener-ated by epiphyte fungi or alkaloids of plants that can damage the animals' health.
The chemical composition of essential oils can be I
.8.
highly complex, including also terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids with antioxidant or antimicrobial properties. Flavonoids can also act as chelating agents for metals, such as copper and iron, which are known pro-oxidant agents.
Other examples are sage, rosemary, vanilla.
Beyond the use of natural aromatizers, natural-similar substances can be used, which thanks to their purity degree enable a higher constancy in the formulation.
The microencapsulation of these substances allows to limit the loss of the most volatile components while preparing and storing food and further allows to ad-just the release of fragrances and aromatic sub-stances, so as to supply the animal with a stabilized and tasty food and to enable the slow release of these aromatic substances in the gastro-intestinal portion.
The mixture of 5o natural or natural-similar aromatiz-ing agents is present in an amount of 1 to 50o by weight with respect to the total weight of the final composition; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight.
Preferab:Ly, the mixture of acids can contain in addi-tion other nutritional components that are physiologi-cally useful for animals.
Preferably, the composition comprises the controlled release matrix in an amount of 40 to 70o by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
Preferably, the composition comprises the mixture of organic and/or inorganic acids in an amount of 30 to 60o by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
The mixture of acids comprises organic and inorganic acids chosen from the group consisting of: lactic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, sorbic acid, orthophosphoric acid.
Preferably, formic acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 50o by weight; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight; and salts for instance calcium formate 5 15o by weight.
to Preferab.Ly, lactic acid (absorbed on 50% silica gel) is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 50o by weight; preferably of 5 to 15% by weight.
Preferably, citric acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 60o by weight; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight.
Preferably, fumaric acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0. 1 to 60 o by weight; pref-erably o.f to 20o by weight.
Preferably, malic acid is contained in the mixture.
of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight; preferably of 5 to 15o by weight.
Preferably, sorbic acid is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 0.1 to 60o by weight; preferably of 5 to 20o by weight; and salts for instance potas-sium sorbate 5 to 20o by weight.
Preferably, orthophosphoric acid (absorbed on 60o sil-ica gel) is contained in the mixture of acids in an amount of 1 to 50o by weight.
0.
The followin g contains a list of some compositions of the present invention included as a mere non-limiting example.
1. 12.5% formic acid, 37.50 lactic acid and 50o ma-trix.
2. 10% citri c acid, 20% fumaric acid, 10o malic acid, 1% sorbic acid, 150 orthophosphoric acid and matrix.
3. 8o citric acid, 8o malic acid, 18o fumaric acid, 10o sorbic acid, 8% orthophosphoric acid, 4o mix-ture of natural and/or natural-similar aromatizing agents and 44% matrix.
4. 35% calcium formate, 10% fumaric acid, 10% sorbic acid and 45% matrix.
5. 14% calcium formate, 7% calcium propionate, 23o fu-maric acid, 5% potassium sorbate and 51% matrix.
6. 32% calcium formate, 5% calcium propionate, 8% po-tassium sorbate, 5% mixture of natural and/or natu-ral-similar aromatizing agents and 50% matrix.
7. 20% fumaric acid, 10% malic acid, 10% citric acid, 10% orthophosphoric acid and 50o matrix.
8. 34% calcium formate, 1% calcium propionate, 15% po-tassium sorbate and 50% matrix.
The composition according to the present invention has I5 some advantages.
An advantage consists in a slow release of the sub-stances dispersed into the matrix within the gastro-intestinal portion of the various animal species they are meant for.
Tests have shown that there is no immediate release within tee~ gastric system due to pH change (for very acid pH values), but a progressive release within the jejunum due to the action of digestive enzymes.
Another object of the present invention is a method for preparing the composition comprising a controlled release matrix, in which the matrix prepared as de scribed above is added with the active substances. The whole is homogenized at a temperature of 55 to 70°C.
Then the suspension is sprayed in a cold room at a temperature below 15°C.
A further object of the present invention is the use of said composition as such or in the preparation of feeds and/or pre-mixtures to be used in the zootechni-cal and veterinary field for feeding birds, swine and young calves (whose rumen is not working yet).
Practically, the composition according to the inven-tion can protect and carry the active substances dis-persed therein. For instance, said active substances include drugs such as: antibiotics, vaccines, anti-i-nflammatories and antihistamines.
Said active substances and/or drugs are released within the intestine.
A preferred embodiment relates to the use of said com position comprising drugs for preventing and/or treat ing pathologies in intensive breeding farms.
Experimental part The study aimed at verifying in vivo the effectiveness of the protection given by the composition comprising a controlled release matrix on the dynamics of release of protected molecules, for instance sorbic acid and essential oils, within the various portions of the gastro-intestinal system, checking at the same time possible interferences of said released molecules on the development of fermentations due to microorgan-isms.
The control on the content collected from the various portions of the gastro-intestinal system allowed to find out the presence of the molecules concerned in microencapsulated form (sorbic acid and essential oils) in concentrations progressively decreasing from stomach to colon for sorbic acid and to jejunum for essential oils.
Sorbic acid undergoes a reduction of its concentration from proximal jejunum as far as colon, whereas the protective effect of essential oil is present as far as dista7_ jejunum.
The same formulation containing sorbic acid and essen-tial oils in non-microencapsulated form did not enable the detection of the aforesaid molecules beyond pylo-rus.
The type of protection used results in a precise late effect because it helps to modify the availability of said protected molecules, sorbic acid and essential oils, within the various gastro-intestinal portions that were controlled. The development of fermentations is clearly affected by treatments.
The following experimental pattern was used:
1. Control group: subjects fed with a conventional diet without addition of drugs or of the sub-stances under study. At the end of the experimen-tal period five subjects with a living weight cor-responding to the average of the group they be-longed to, were chosen to be killed. Various gas-tro-.intestinal portions (stomach, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon) were taken from the animals just killed.
2. Group treated with a slow release microencapsu lated composition according to the present inven tion: subjects fed with a conventional diet, whose composition was the same as for control group, added with an amount of 0.5~% in a period of 0-15 test days. At the end of the -experimental period five subjects with a living weight corresponding to the average of the group they belonged to, were chosen to be killed. Various gastro-intestinal portions (stomach, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon) were taken from the animals just killed.
3. Group treated with a (non-microencapsulated) mix-ture reproducing the composition according to the present invention: subjects fed with a conven-tional diet, whose composition was the same as for control group, added with an amount of 0.5% in a period of 0-15 test days. At the end of the ex-perimental period five subjects with a living weight corresponding to the average of the group they belonged to, were chosen to be killed. Vari-ous gastro-intestinal portions (stomach, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid co-lon) were taken from the animals just killed.
During the whole test period the animals were fed ad libitum and could drink water freely.
Analyses The analyses on animal food were carried out in accor-dance with the provisions contained in the body of analytical methods for zootechnical food.
The gastro-intestinal contents were tested in order to determine humidity, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, es-sential oil and sorbic acid.
The analysis on humidity was carried out in an oven heated to 80°C until a constant sample weight was ob tamed (around 20 hours). The analysis on fatty acids and volatile compounds were carried out in accordance with the method described by Fussel R.J. and Mc Cailey D.V. (Analist, 112, 1213-1216; 1987). The analyses for determining essential oil and sorbic acid were carried out in accordance with the following methods:
Operate under indirect light.
Weigh in centrifuge tube 50 g of sample, add 5 ml of 5o trichloroacetic acid, centrifuge for 10 min at 11000 RPM at 4°C, then filter on paper filter.
Transfer 20 ml of filtrate in distillation Kijedahl tube, add 10 ml of HC1 3 N, distillate in vapor stream for 12 min and measure distillate volume. Filter about one ml of distillate with 0.45 micron filters and in-ject 30 ~1 in HPLC.
i RP-18 column (Merck) eluting mixture H20:CH30H = 75:25 with a flow of 1 ml/min, UV detector 1575 (Jasco) op-erating at 245 nanometers; peak output about 7.4 min.
Detectability limit for sorbic acid: 0.05 mg/kg re-ferred to initial sample. Recovery 96.1 ~ 2.40. All data co7_lected during the test were statistically processed.
A variance analysis was carried out using Anova proce dure with Wartler test and Newmanchius post-test. The differences were regarded as significant with P c 0.05.
Results Evaluation of analytical data concerning controls of gastro-intestinal content of various groups.
The presence of sorbic acid is absent in the samples taken from control group, whereas its presence can be detected in the various gastro-intestinal portions of the group treated with the composition according to the present invention and with the mixture reproducing the (non-microencapsulated) composition according to the present invention.
The content of sorbic acid is high in the samples of stomach, with similar values in groups treated with the composition according to the present invention and with the mixture reproducing the (non-microencapsu-lated) composition according to the present invention, whereas there is a great difference starting from the first intestine portion (proximal jejunum).
As far as the group treated with the composition ac cording to the present invention is concerned, the content of sorbic acid decreases very slowly in the various intestinal portions and a small amount is still present in colon; as far as the intestinal por tions of the group treated with the mixture reproduc ing the (non-microencapsulated) composition according to the present invention are concerned, sorbic acid is present in small amounts only in the first intestine portion (proximal jejunum). The presence of essential oil was detected in a significant amount and with lit-tle variation in stomach samples of the group treated with the compositions according to the present inven-tion and with the mixture reproducing the (non-microencapsulated) composition according to the pres-ent invention, whereas it is absent in all samples of subjects belonging to the control group.
In the group treated with the composition according to the present invention the presence of essential oil can be detected in proximal and distal jejunum, but is absent in the following intestinal portions. Con-versely, in the group treated with the mixture repro-ducing the (non-microencapsulated) composition accord-ing to the present invention, essential oil is present only in samples taken from stomach (concentrations that are similar to those of the group treated with the composition according to the present invention).
Conclusions drawn from the tests The type of protection used results in a precise late effect because it helps to modify the analytical de tectabil.ity, and therefore the availability, of pro tected molecules, above all sorbic acid and essential oil, within the various gastro-intestina l portions that were controlled.
As a consequence the microorganisms that are present in the various portions of the gastro-intestinal sys-tem affect the development of fermentative processes.
Table 1: analytical features of diets compared during the period 0-15 days (data in percentage of dry mat-ter) ;
Con- Micro- NON-micro trol encapsu- encapsulat Iated com- ed position compositio n Dry matter ~ 90.49 90.59 90.47 Raw protides o 18.32 17.94 18.27 Raw lipids o 6.61 6.69 6.49 Raw fiber o 3.81 4.03 3.01 Ashes ~ 6.66 6.59 6.76 Starch ~ 45.64 44.40 44.46 Digestible En- kcal/ 3848 3846 3854 ergy~ kg Net Energy2 kcal/ 2755 2755 2753 kg According to Whittemore (1980); 2-According to Noblet (1994) Figure 1: concentration of sorbic acid micromoles/gram of dry matter in various gastro-intestinal portions;
Figure 2: concentration of essential oil nano-moles/gram of dry matter in various gastro-intestinal portions;
Figure 3: concentration of lactic acid bacteria in je junum expressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 4: concentration of lactic acid bacteria in ce-cum expressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 5: concentration of Coli spp. in jejunum ex-pressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 6: concentration of Coli spp. in cecum ex-pressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 7: pH development in various gastro-intestinal portions of the three groups used; and Figure ~: concentration of lactic acid expressed as nanomoles/gram of dry matter in various gastro intestinal portions.
The composition according to the present invention has I5 some advantages.
An advantage consists in a slow release of the sub-stances dispersed into the matrix within the gastro-intestinal portion of the various animal species they are meant for.
Tests have shown that there is no immediate release within tee~ gastric system due to pH change (for very acid pH values), but a progressive release within the jejunum due to the action of digestive enzymes.
Another object of the present invention is a method for preparing the composition comprising a controlled release matrix, in which the matrix prepared as de scribed above is added with the active substances. The whole is homogenized at a temperature of 55 to 70°C.
Then the suspension is sprayed in a cold room at a temperature below 15°C.
A further object of the present invention is the use of said composition as such or in the preparation of feeds and/or pre-mixtures to be used in the zootechni-cal and veterinary field for feeding birds, swine and young calves (whose rumen is not working yet).
Practically, the composition according to the inven-tion can protect and carry the active substances dis-persed therein. For instance, said active substances include drugs such as: antibiotics, vaccines, anti-i-nflammatories and antihistamines.
Said active substances and/or drugs are released within the intestine.
A preferred embodiment relates to the use of said com position comprising drugs for preventing and/or treat ing pathologies in intensive breeding farms.
Experimental part The study aimed at verifying in vivo the effectiveness of the protection given by the composition comprising a controlled release matrix on the dynamics of release of protected molecules, for instance sorbic acid and essential oils, within the various portions of the gastro-intestinal system, checking at the same time possible interferences of said released molecules on the development of fermentations due to microorgan-isms.
The control on the content collected from the various portions of the gastro-intestinal system allowed to find out the presence of the molecules concerned in microencapsulated form (sorbic acid and essential oils) in concentrations progressively decreasing from stomach to colon for sorbic acid and to jejunum for essential oils.
Sorbic acid undergoes a reduction of its concentration from proximal jejunum as far as colon, whereas the protective effect of essential oil is present as far as dista7_ jejunum.
The same formulation containing sorbic acid and essen-tial oils in non-microencapsulated form did not enable the detection of the aforesaid molecules beyond pylo-rus.
The type of protection used results in a precise late effect because it helps to modify the availability of said protected molecules, sorbic acid and essential oils, within the various gastro-intestinal portions that were controlled. The development of fermentations is clearly affected by treatments.
The following experimental pattern was used:
1. Control group: subjects fed with a conventional diet without addition of drugs or of the sub-stances under study. At the end of the experimen-tal period five subjects with a living weight cor-responding to the average of the group they be-longed to, were chosen to be killed. Various gas-tro-.intestinal portions (stomach, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon) were taken from the animals just killed.
2. Group treated with a slow release microencapsu lated composition according to the present inven tion: subjects fed with a conventional diet, whose composition was the same as for control group, added with an amount of 0.5~% in a period of 0-15 test days. At the end of the -experimental period five subjects with a living weight corresponding to the average of the group they belonged to, were chosen to be killed. Various gastro-intestinal portions (stomach, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid colon) were taken from the animals just killed.
3. Group treated with a (non-microencapsulated) mix-ture reproducing the composition according to the present invention: subjects fed with a conven-tional diet, whose composition was the same as for control group, added with an amount of 0.5% in a period of 0-15 test days. At the end of the ex-perimental period five subjects with a living weight corresponding to the average of the group they belonged to, were chosen to be killed. Vari-ous gastro-intestinal portions (stomach, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, ileum, cecum, sigmoid co-lon) were taken from the animals just killed.
During the whole test period the animals were fed ad libitum and could drink water freely.
Analyses The analyses on animal food were carried out in accor-dance with the provisions contained in the body of analytical methods for zootechnical food.
The gastro-intestinal contents were tested in order to determine humidity, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, es-sential oil and sorbic acid.
The analysis on humidity was carried out in an oven heated to 80°C until a constant sample weight was ob tamed (around 20 hours). The analysis on fatty acids and volatile compounds were carried out in accordance with the method described by Fussel R.J. and Mc Cailey D.V. (Analist, 112, 1213-1216; 1987). The analyses for determining essential oil and sorbic acid were carried out in accordance with the following methods:
Operate under indirect light.
Weigh in centrifuge tube 50 g of sample, add 5 ml of 5o trichloroacetic acid, centrifuge for 10 min at 11000 RPM at 4°C, then filter on paper filter.
Transfer 20 ml of filtrate in distillation Kijedahl tube, add 10 ml of HC1 3 N, distillate in vapor stream for 12 min and measure distillate volume. Filter about one ml of distillate with 0.45 micron filters and in-ject 30 ~1 in HPLC.
i RP-18 column (Merck) eluting mixture H20:CH30H = 75:25 with a flow of 1 ml/min, UV detector 1575 (Jasco) op-erating at 245 nanometers; peak output about 7.4 min.
Detectability limit for sorbic acid: 0.05 mg/kg re-ferred to initial sample. Recovery 96.1 ~ 2.40. All data co7_lected during the test were statistically processed.
A variance analysis was carried out using Anova proce dure with Wartler test and Newmanchius post-test. The differences were regarded as significant with P c 0.05.
Results Evaluation of analytical data concerning controls of gastro-intestinal content of various groups.
The presence of sorbic acid is absent in the samples taken from control group, whereas its presence can be detected in the various gastro-intestinal portions of the group treated with the composition according to the present invention and with the mixture reproducing the (non-microencapsulated) composition according to the present invention.
The content of sorbic acid is high in the samples of stomach, with similar values in groups treated with the composition according to the present invention and with the mixture reproducing the (non-microencapsu-lated) composition according to the present invention, whereas there is a great difference starting from the first intestine portion (proximal jejunum).
As far as the group treated with the composition ac cording to the present invention is concerned, the content of sorbic acid decreases very slowly in the various intestinal portions and a small amount is still present in colon; as far as the intestinal por tions of the group treated with the mixture reproduc ing the (non-microencapsulated) composition according to the present invention are concerned, sorbic acid is present in small amounts only in the first intestine portion (proximal jejunum). The presence of essential oil was detected in a significant amount and with lit-tle variation in stomach samples of the group treated with the compositions according to the present inven-tion and with the mixture reproducing the (non-microencapsulated) composition according to the pres-ent invention, whereas it is absent in all samples of subjects belonging to the control group.
In the group treated with the composition according to the present invention the presence of essential oil can be detected in proximal and distal jejunum, but is absent in the following intestinal portions. Con-versely, in the group treated with the mixture repro-ducing the (non-microencapsulated) composition accord-ing to the present invention, essential oil is present only in samples taken from stomach (concentrations that are similar to those of the group treated with the composition according to the present invention).
Conclusions drawn from the tests The type of protection used results in a precise late effect because it helps to modify the analytical de tectabil.ity, and therefore the availability, of pro tected molecules, above all sorbic acid and essential oil, within the various gastro-intestina l portions that were controlled.
As a consequence the microorganisms that are present in the various portions of the gastro-intestinal sys-tem affect the development of fermentative processes.
Table 1: analytical features of diets compared during the period 0-15 days (data in percentage of dry mat-ter) ;
Con- Micro- NON-micro trol encapsu- encapsulat Iated com- ed position compositio n Dry matter ~ 90.49 90.59 90.47 Raw protides o 18.32 17.94 18.27 Raw lipids o 6.61 6.69 6.49 Raw fiber o 3.81 4.03 3.01 Ashes ~ 6.66 6.59 6.76 Starch ~ 45.64 44.40 44.46 Digestible En- kcal/ 3848 3846 3854 ergy~ kg Net Energy2 kcal/ 2755 2755 2753 kg According to Whittemore (1980); 2-According to Noblet (1994) Figure 1: concentration of sorbic acid micromoles/gram of dry matter in various gastro-intestinal portions;
Figure 2: concentration of essential oil nano-moles/gram of dry matter in various gastro-intestinal portions;
Figure 3: concentration of lactic acid bacteria in je junum expressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 4: concentration of lactic acid bacteria in ce-cum expressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 5: concentration of Coli spp. in jejunum ex-pressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 6: concentration of Coli spp. in cecum ex-pressed as log CFU/g of feces in the three groups used;
Figure 7: pH development in various gastro-intestinal portions of the three groups used; and Figure ~: concentration of lactic acid expressed as nanomoles/gram of dry matter in various gastro intestinal portions.
Claims (16)
1. A composition for feeding monogastric animals comprising a controlled release lipid matrix and a mixture of active substances incorporated within the matrix, wherein:
- the controlled release lipid matrix consists of at least one hydrogenated vegetable triglyceride selected from the group consisting of: palm butter, sunflower oil, corn oil, rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil or at least one animal triglyceride chosen from among bovine tallow and swine lard;
- the mixture of active substances consists of at least one organic acid and at least one aromatizing agent wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of:
- formic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- lactic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- citric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- fumaric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- malic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition; and - sorbic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
and the aromatizing agent is selected from the group comprising of natural and natural-similar aromatizing agents chosen among: mixtures of herbs, extracts from plants, oleoresins, essential oils, aromatizers and natural fragrances.
- the controlled release lipid matrix consists of at least one hydrogenated vegetable triglyceride selected from the group consisting of: palm butter, sunflower oil, corn oil, rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil or at least one animal triglyceride chosen from among bovine tallow and swine lard;
- the mixture of active substances consists of at least one organic acid and at least one aromatizing agent wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of:
- formic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- lactic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- citric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- fumaric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- malic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition; and - sorbic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
and the aromatizing agent is selected from the group comprising of natural and natural-similar aromatizing agents chosen among: mixtures of herbs, extracts from plants, oleoresins, essential oils, aromatizers and natural fragrances.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said organic acids are present in form of salts.
3 . The composition according to claim 3, wherein said salts of organic acids are chosen among:
- calcium formate in an amount of 5 to 35% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- potassium sorbate in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
- calcium formate in an amount of 5 to 35% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- potassium sorbate in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition is microencapsulated and is in the physical form of spheres having a diameters of 100 to 2000 microns.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises orthophosphoric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
6. A method for preparing a composition according to claim 1 comprising the following stages:
- place an homogenous mass comprising the melted lipid matrix and additives in a container;
- disperse into said homogenous mass a mixture of active substances consisting of at least one organic acid and/or salts thereof and at least one aromatizing agent; and - spray in a cold room the mass obtained in the previous stage.
- place an homogenous mass comprising the melted lipid matrix and additives in a container;
- disperse into said homogenous mass a mixture of active substances consisting of at least one organic acid and/or salts thereof and at least one aromatizing agent; and - spray in a cold room the mass obtained in the previous stage.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the aromatizing agent is selected from the group comprising of natural and natural-similar aromatizing agents chosen among: mixtures of herbs, extracts from plants, oleoresins, essential oils, aromatizers and natural fragrances.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein said organic acids are present in form of salts.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said salts of organic acids are chosen among:
- calcium formate in an amount of 5 to 35 % by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- potassium sorbate in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
- calcium formate in an amount of 5 to 35 % by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- potassium sorbate in an amount of 5 to 20% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein said composition is microencapsulated and is in the physical form of spheres having diameters of 100 to 2000 microns.
11. The method according to claim 6, wherein said method further comprises adding orthophosphoric acid in an amount of 0. 1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
12. A method for contrasting the development of bacteria or pathogenic fungi in animals' gastro-resistant system comprising a step in which monogastric animals are fed with a composition comprising a controlled release lipid matrix and a mixture of active substances wherein:
- the controlled release lipid matrix comprises at least one hydrogenated vegetable triglyceride or at least one animal triglyceride chosen from among bovine tallow and swine lard;
- the mixture of active substances comprises at least one organic acid and at least one aromatizing agent selected from the group comprising of natural and natural-similar aromatizing agents.
- the controlled release lipid matrix comprises at least one hydrogenated vegetable triglyceride or at least one animal triglyceride chosen from among bovine tallow and swine lard;
- the mixture of active substances comprises at least one organic acid and at least one aromatizing agent selected from the group comprising of natural and natural-similar aromatizing agents.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein said hydrogenated vegetable triglyceride is selected from the group comprising of: palm butter, sunflower oil, corn oil, rape oil, peanut oil and soybean oil.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein said organic acid is selected from the group comprising of:
- formic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- lactic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- citric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- fumaric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- malic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composi-tion; and - sorbic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
- formic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- lactic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- citric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- fumaric acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition;
- malic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composi-tion; and - sorbic acid in an amount of 0.1 to 60% by weight, with respect to the weight of the composition.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein said aromatizing agent is selected from the group: mixtures of herbs, extracts from plants, oleoresins, essential oils, aromatizers and natural fragrances.
16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the intestinal microbism is equilibrated in order to contrast the proliferation of unwanted intestinal microflora in the animals.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2002MI001427A ITMI20021427A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2002-06-28 | COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEEDING INCLUDING A CONTROLLED RELEASE DIE PREPARATION PROCEDURE AND RELATED APPLICATIONS |
| ITMI2002A001427 | 2002-06-28 |
Publications (2)
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| CA2433484A1 CA2433484A1 (en) | 2003-12-28 |
| CA2433484C true CA2433484C (en) | 2008-06-10 |
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| CA002433484A Expired - Lifetime CA2433484C (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2003-06-25 | Composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release lipid matrix, method for preparing the composition and method for the treatment of monogastric animals |
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| EP (1) | EP1391155B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE265150T1 (en) |
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| DE (1) | DE60200423T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1391155T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2220889T3 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20021427A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1391155E (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200401584T4 (en) |
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| US20070264313A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-15 | Musser Robert E | Methods and compositions relating to animal dietary acids |
| US20080032021A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-02-07 | Faltys Gary L | Feed supplements for ruminants including essential oil compounds and organic acids |
| US8691843B2 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2014-04-08 | Novus International, Inc. | Antioxidant combinations for use in ruminant feed rations |
| US20080015218A1 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-17 | Novus International Inc. | Antioxidant combinations for use in ruminant feed rations having a fat source |
| US20080119552A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | Novus International Inc. | Matrix-embedded compositions having organic acids and fatty acids |
| EP2094242A4 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2009-12-23 | Novus Int Inc | Matrix-embedded compositions having organic acids and fatty acids |
| PL216229B1 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2014-03-31 | Biolek Społka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Preparation containing sodium butyrate and application of a preparation containing sodium butyrate |
| EP2161986A4 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2014-06-25 | Novus Int Inc | Piglet feed rations having low levels of fermentable carbohydrates |
| ITMI20071623A1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-02-04 | Vetagro S R L | SYNERGIC COMPOSITION INCLUDING FLAVORING SUBSTANCES AND ORGANIC ACIDS, AND ITS USE |
| WO2009088879A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Novus International Inc. | Combinations to improve animal health and performance |
| CL2009000300A1 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2010-09-10 | Lanxess Distrib Gmbh | Formulation comprising calcium salts and formate salts plus an organic acid with a pka between 2 and 6; uses and methods that use this formulation to combat blight caused in plants by the bacterium erwinia amylovora. |
| EP2285236A1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-02-23 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Use of succinic acid |
| WO2010025316A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Jeffrey Comanor | Composition and methods for relief of neuropathological pain |
| IT1392214B1 (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2012-02-22 | Sila S R L | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COMPOUND OF N-BUTIRRIC ACID IN MICROCAPSULATED FORM, INTENDED FOR ANIMAL OR HUMAN POWER |
| US20110020914A1 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Novus International Inc | Methods for enhancing growth of organisms in an aqueous growth medium |
| PL231080B1 (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2019-01-31 | Adam Kiciak | Use of a mixture of probiotic bacteria and short chain organic fatty acids (SCFA), for the production of the preparation to maintain the bacterial and acid-base homeostasis of the lower section of gastrointestinal tract in monogastric animals, including human small and large intestines |
| RU2585851C2 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-06-10 | Хилл'С Пет Ньютришн, Инк. | Compositions and methods for modification of gastro-intestinal flora |
| US9867809B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2018-01-16 | Kemin Industries, Inc. | Encapsulated active ingredients for controlled enteric release |
| EP3300724B1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2019-08-21 | Erber Aktiengesellschaft | Particle containing at least a volatile substance and process for its preparation |
| CA3043176C (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2019-12-31 | North Carolina State University | Encapsulation of nutritional and/or compounds for controlled release and enhancing their bioavailability by limiting chemical or microbial exposure |
| CN107156455A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江万方生物科技有限公司 | A kind of acid plus essential oil compound formulation and preparation method thereof |
| CN107243304A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-13 | 江苏隆达生物科技有限公司 | A kind of plants essential oil method for coating and device |
| EP3753417A1 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-12-23 | PerformaNat GmbH | Feed additive |
| IT201900013449A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2021-01-31 | Vetagro Int S R L | Composition comprising amino acids and a lipid matrix for non-mammalian monogastric animals and its use |
| IT201900013473A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2021-01-31 | Vetagro Int S R L | Compositions comprising amino acids and an additional component for the supply of amino acids to a monogastric animal such as man or pig |
| IT202000018913A1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2022-01-31 | Vetagro Int S R L | COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING THYMOL AND AMINO ACIDS FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY OR FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDERS BY MODULATION OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM |
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| US4197320A (en) * | 1978-02-16 | 1980-04-08 | Ralston Purina Company | Citric acid in horse feeds |
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| US5741518A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1998-04-21 | L'oreal | Composition composed of an aqueous dispersion of stabilized vesicles of nonionic amphiphilic lipids |
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| US20040009206A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
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| CA2433484A1 (en) | 2003-12-28 |
| DE60200423D1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| ES2220889T3 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| EP1391155A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| ATE265150T1 (en) | 2004-05-15 |
| PT1391155E (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| US7258880B2 (en) | 2007-08-21 |
| DE60200423T2 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| TR200401584T4 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
| ITMI20021427A0 (en) | 2002-06-28 |
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