CA2440199A1 - System and method for fabricating bragg gratings - Google Patents
System and method for fabricating bragg gratings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2440199A1 CA2440199A1 CA002440199A CA2440199A CA2440199A1 CA 2440199 A1 CA2440199 A1 CA 2440199A1 CA 002440199 A CA002440199 A CA 002440199A CA 2440199 A CA2440199 A CA 2440199A CA 2440199 A1 CA2440199 A1 CA 2440199A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- interference pattern
- beams
- distance
- longitudinal axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B6/02133—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating using beam interference
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
- G02B6/02152—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating involving moving the fibre or a manufacturing element, stretching of the fibre
Abstract
A novel method based on sequential writing for fabricating of advanced fiber Bragg gratings is disclosed. As opposed to already presented sequential methods, this scheme uses a continuous wave UV laser source and allows for a very precise control and repetitively of the formation of the gratings. Furthermore, one can use high average irradiances without destroying the fiber, resulting in a dramatical shortening of fabricating times for complex gratings.
Claims (24)
1. A method for photo-inducing a grating in an optical fiber comprising the steps of:
simultaneously exposing the fiber with two mutually coherent light beams which intersect with an angle and interfere in a predetermined region of the fiber so as to create an interference pattern along a longitudinal axis of the fiber; and translating the fiber essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis;
characterized in that the fiber, at least during a certain time period, is exposed with continuous light, under which time period the beams are controlled in order to translate the interference pattern in a direction of the longitudinal axis.
simultaneously exposing the fiber with two mutually coherent light beams which intersect with an angle and interfere in a predetermined region of the fiber so as to create an interference pattern along a longitudinal axis of the fiber; and translating the fiber essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis;
characterized in that the fiber, at least during a certain time period, is exposed with continuous light, under which time period the beams are controlled in order to translate the interference pattern in a direction of the longitudinal axis.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the interference is translated to follow the fiber movement at least part of said time period.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the interference pattern is controlled to sequentially follow the fiber movement and to be reversed in the opposite direction, respectively.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the time of reversion of the interference pattern is significantly shorter than the time of following the fiber movement.
5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the interference pattern is reversed a distance approximately being equal to an integer multiplied by the distance between adjacent fringes in the interference pattern.
6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the interference pattern is reversed a distance approximately being equal to an integer multiplied by the distance between adjacent fringes in the interference pattern, but with a predetermined offset.
7. The method according to any one of the claims 3-6, wherein the position of the fiber is continuously determined and the position of the fiber is used for triggering reversion of the interference pattern.
8. The method according to any one of the claims 3-7, wherein the reversion distance is less than the extension of the interference pattern, whereby the exposure following the fiber are at least partly overlapping.
9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber is translated at an essentially constant speed during the exposure.
10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the speed of the fiber translation is controlled in accordance with the translation of the interference pattern when moved in the same direction as the fiber.
11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the interference pattern is translated by controlled variation of a phase shift between the interfering beams.
12. An apparatus for photo-inducing a grating in an optical fiber (1) comprising a source (5) for emitting light; a beam splitter for forming two mutually coherent light beams; a fiber holder (2) for holding the fiber during exposure; means (3) for moving the fiber essentially in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the fiber through an exposing area; and a projection system (6) for making the beams intersect with an angle in the exposure area and thereby to interfere in a predetermined region of the fiber so as to create an interference pattern along the longitudinal axis of the fiber, characterized in that the light source (5) is a continuous wave light source, and in that the projection system (6) further comprises means (62) for translating the interference pattern in a direction of the longitudinal axis.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising a control unit (8) for controlling the translation of the interference pattern.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising means (4) for determining the position of the fiber, said means being connected to the control unit.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the means for determining the position of the fiber comprises an interferometer (4), and preferably a heterodyne interference detection system.
16. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 12-15, wherein the control unit (8) is adapted to control the translation of the interference pattern to sequentially follow the fiber movement and to be reversed in the opposite direction, respectively.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the control unit (8) is adapted to reverse the interference pattern a distance approximately being equal to an integer multiplied by the distance between adjacent fringes in the interference pattern.
18. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 12-17, wherein the means for translating the interference pattern comprises means (62) for introduction of a controlled variation of a phase shift between the interfering beams in the projection system.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the means (62) for introduction of a phase shifts comprises at least one mirror in the projection path of at least one of the beams, said mirror being displaceable in the beam direction.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said at least one mirror is displaceable by means of a piezo electric element (62).
21. The apparatus according to claim 20 as dependent on claim 13, wherein the piezo electric element (62) is controlled by a sawtooth signal supplied by the control unit matching the velocity of the fringes and the fiber over a certain distance, and preferably a distance corresponding to the distance between two adjacent fringes.
22. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 18-21, wherein the projection system further comprises lenses (61) for focusing the interfering beams to a line focus at least partly coinciding with the core of the fiber, said lenses being arranged after said means for introduction of a controlled variation of the phase shift.
23. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 12-22, wherein the projection system further comprises means (63) for altering the angle between the interfering beams in order to change the period of the interference fringes.
24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the means for altering the angle between the interfering beams is adapted to change the angle symmetrically for both beams.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0100790-5 | 2001-03-08 | ||
| SE0100790A SE520598C2 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2001-03-08 | Method and apparatus for photoinducing a grating in an optical fiber |
| PCT/SE2002/000386 WO2002071114A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-03-06 | System and method for fabricating bragg gratings |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2440199A1 true CA2440199A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| CA2440199C CA2440199C (en) | 2010-08-17 |
Family
ID=20283260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2440199A Expired - Fee Related CA2440199C (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2002-03-06 | System and method for fabricating bragg gratings |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7046866B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2440199C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2390175B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE520598C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002071114A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6853772B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2005-02-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fiber grating writing interferometer with continuous wavelength tuning and chirp capability |
| US6915044B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2005-07-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Tunable talbot interferometers for fiber bragg grating writing |
| US7277604B2 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2007-10-02 | Lxsix Photonics Inc. | Method and apparatus for inducing an index of refraction change on a substrate sensitive to electromagnetic radiation |
| US7085450B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2006-08-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fabrication of structures in an optical substrate |
| US8989528B2 (en) | 2006-02-22 | 2015-03-24 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Optical fiber grating sensors and methods of manufacture |
| CN102599875B (en) * | 2006-03-22 | 2015-03-11 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Medical instrument system |
| US20080218770A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-09-11 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Robotic surgical instrument and methods using bragg fiber sensors |
| US8050523B2 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2011-11-01 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Optical fiber shape sensing systems |
| EP2187830A1 (en) | 2007-08-14 | 2010-05-26 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Robotic instrument systems and methods utilizing optical fiber sensor |
| US8780339B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2014-07-15 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Fiber shape sensing systems and methods |
| US20120071752A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Sewell Christopher M | User interface and method for operating a robotic medical system |
| US20120191079A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-26 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | System and method for endoluminal and translumenal therapy |
| US20130030363A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-01-31 | Hansen Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods utilizing shape sensing fibers |
| US9052331B2 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-06-09 | Dantec Dynamics A/S | Optical velocimetry systems and methods for determining the velocity of a body using fringes generated by a spatial light modulator |
| CN103091772B (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-11-05 | 清华大学 | Method and device for manufacturing fiber bragg grating (FBG) with random reflection wavelength overlength |
| US9982531B2 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2018-05-29 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Optical fiber distributed sensors with improved dynamic range |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5042897A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Optical waveguide embedded light redirecting Bragg grating arrangement |
| GB9509932D0 (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1995-07-12 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Bragg gratings in waveguides |
| EP0873529B1 (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 2003-09-03 | The University Of Sydney | Ring interferometer configuration for writing gratings |
| AUPP381698A0 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1998-06-25 | University Of Sydney, The | Electro-, magneto- or acousto- optically controlled UV writing set up for bragg grating fabrication |
| US6694075B1 (en) * | 1998-07-01 | 2004-02-17 | Corning Incorporated | Apodization of optical filters with multiple exposures of photosensitive media |
| EP0978738A1 (en) | 1998-08-03 | 2000-02-09 | BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS public limited company | Apparatus and method for generating an interference pattern to be written as a grating in a sample of a photosensitive material |
| US6882477B1 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2005-04-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and system for interference lithography utilizing phase-locked scanning beams |
-
2001
- 2001-03-08 SE SE0100790A patent/SE520598C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-03-06 GB GB0320899A patent/GB2390175B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-06 US US10/469,953 patent/US7046866B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-06 WO PCT/SE2002/000386 patent/WO2002071114A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-06 CA CA2440199A patent/CA2440199C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002071114A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
| US7046866B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
| CA2440199C (en) | 2010-08-17 |
| GB2390175A (en) | 2003-12-31 |
| SE0100790D0 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
| WO2002071114A8 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| GB2390175B (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| SE0100790L (en) | 2002-09-09 |
| SE520598C2 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
| GB0320899D0 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
| US20040156586A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200306 |