CA2452746A1 - Electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and operation method of fuel cell using the same - Google Patents

Electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and operation method of fuel cell using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2452746A1
CA2452746A1 CA002452746A CA2452746A CA2452746A1 CA 2452746 A1 CA2452746 A1 CA 2452746A1 CA 002452746 A CA002452746 A CA 002452746A CA 2452746 A CA2452746 A CA 2452746A CA 2452746 A1 CA2452746 A1 CA 2452746A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
threads
density
range
carbon fiber
warp
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Granted
Application number
CA002452746A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2452746C (en
Inventor
Akihiko Yoshida
Yoshihiro Hori
Osamu Sakai
Makoto Uchida
Eiichi Yasumoto
Shinya Kosako
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Panasonic Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Publication of CA2452746A1 publication Critical patent/CA2452746A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

A carbon fiber woven fabric for use as a gas diffusion layer base material in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a surface that is smoothed and further optimized to inhibit non-uniform infiltration of a coating for water-repellent-layer formation, to provide an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly suitable for operation under a high humidification condition. The gas diffusion layer base material may be a carbon fiber woven fabric, wherein a ratio of the area of gap portions where neither warp thread nor weft thread exists: (10/W-Y)(10/Z-X) to the area of portions where warp thread is crossing weft thread: XY mm2 is in the range of about 1/1500 to about 1/5, where the carbon fiber woven fabric has a warp density of Z threads/cm, a weft density of W threads/cm, a warp thickness of X mm and a weft thickness of Y mm.

Claims (37)

1. An electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell, comprising a polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes, said polymer electrolyte membrane being interposed between said pair of electrodes, wherein:
each of said electrodes comprises a catalyst layer in contact with said polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion layer which has a water repellent layer in contact with the catalyst layer, a base material of said gas diffusion layer is made of an electron conductive carbon fiber woven fabric, comprising a weave of a warp composed of electron conductive carbon fiber and a weft composed of electron conductive carbon fiber, and an opening is formed at or between crossing points of said warp and said weft.
2. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 1, wherein the relationship about 1/1500 s (10/W-Y)(10/Z-X)/XY <= about 1/5 is satisfied, where said carbon fiber woven fabric has a warp density of Z threads/cm, a weft density of W threads/cm, a warp thickness of X mm and a weft thickness of Y mm.
3. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 1, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
4. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 2, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
5. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 1, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said Weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
6. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 2, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
7. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 2, wherein said carbon fiber Woven fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
8. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance With claim 2, Wherein one of said warp density and said weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
9. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 3, wherein said carbon fiber Woven fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cm to about 0.42 g/cm.
I0. The electrolyte membrane=electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 3, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/em to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
11. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 4, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
12. The electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells in accordance with claim 11, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
13. A fuel cell electrode comprising:
a polymer electrolyte membrane;
a catalyst layer in contact with said polymer electrolyte membrane; and a gas diffusion layer which has a water repellent layer an contact with the catalyst layer, wherein:
a base material of said gas diffusion layer is made of an electron conductive carbon fiber woven fabric, comprising a weave of a warp composed of electron conductive carbon fiber and a weft composed of electron conductive carbon fiber, and an opening is formed at or between crossing points of said warp and said weft.
14. The fuel cell electrode of claim 13, wherein the relationship about 1/1500 <= (10/W-Y)(10/Z-X)/XY <= about 1/5 is satisfied where said carbon fiber woven fabric has a warp density of Z threads/cm, a weft density of W threads/cm, a warp thickness of X mm and a weft thickness of Y mm.
15. The fuel cell electrode of claim 13, wherein said fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
16. The fuel cell electrode of claim 13, wherein said fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
17. The fuel cell electrode of claim 13, wherein one of said warp density and said weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
18. The fuel cell electrode of claim 14, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
19. The fuel cell electrode of claim 14, wherein said fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
20. The fuel cell electrode of claim 14, wherein one of said warp density and said weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
21. The fuel cell electrode of claim 15, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
22. The fuel cell electrode of claim 15, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
23. The fuel cell electrode of claim 16, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
24. The fuel cell electrode of claim 23, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
25. A gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell electrode, said gas diffusion layer comprising:
a gas diffusion layer which has a water repellent layer for contacting with a catalyst layer of said electrode, wherein:
a base material of said gas diffusion layer is made of an electron conductive carbon fiber woven fabric, comprising a weave of a warp composed of electron conductive carbon fiber and a weft composed of electron conductive carbon fiber, and an opening is formed at or between crossing points of said warp and said weft.
26. The gas diffusion layer of claim 25, wherein the relationship about 1/1500 <= (10/W-Y)(10/Z-X)/XY <= about 1/5 is satisfied where said carbon fiber woven fabric has a warp density of Z threads/cm, a Weft density of W threads/cm, a warp thickness of X mm and a weft thickness of Y mm.
27. The gas diffusion layer of claim 25, wherein said fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
28. The gas diffusion layer of claim 25, wherein said fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
29. The gas diffusion layer of claim 25, wherein one of said warp density and said weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
30. The gas diffusion layer of claim 26, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
31. The gas diffusion layer of claim 26, wherein said fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
32. The gas diffusion layer of claim 26, wherein one of said warp density and said weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
33. The gas diffusion layer of claim 27, wherein said carbon fiber woven-fabric has a density in a range of about 0.32 g/cc to about 0.42 g/cc.
34. The gas diffusion layer of claim 27, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
35. The gas diffusion layer of claim 28, wherein one of a warp density and a weft density of said carbon fiber woven fabric is in a range of about 16 threads/cm to about 45 threads/cm, and the other of said warp density and said weft density is in a range of about 12 threads/cm to about 40 threads/cm.
36. The gas diffusion layer of claim 35, wherein said carbon fiber woven fabric has a thickness in a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
37. An operation method of a fuel cell having an electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly which comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrodes, said polymer electrolyte membrane being interposed between said pair of electrodes, wherein each of said electrodes comprises a catalyst layer in contact with said polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion layer which has a water repellent layer in contact with the catalyst layer, a base material of said gas diffusion layer is made of an electron conductive carbon fiber woven fabric, comprising a weave of a warp composed of electron conductive carbon fiber and a weft composed of electron conductive carbon fiber, and an opening is formed at or between crossing points of said warp and said weft, said method comprising:
generating electric power by providing a supply of a humidified fuel gas to an anode electrode of said pair of electrodes and a supply of a humidified oxidant gas to a cathode electrode of said pair of electrodes;
controlling the dew point of said fuel gas to a temperature equivalent to, or 5°C or less lower than, the temperature of said electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly in operation; and controlling the dew point of said oxidant gas to a temperature equivalent to, or 5°C or less lower than, the temperature of said electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly in operation.
CA002452746A 2002-12-11 2003-12-10 Electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and operation method of fuel cell using the same Expired - Fee Related CA2452746C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002359314 2002-12-11
JP2002-359314 2002-12-11

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CA2452746A1 true CA2452746A1 (en) 2004-06-11
CA2452746C CA2452746C (en) 2009-11-17

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US (1) US7470483B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1429410B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1244966C (en)
BR (1) BR0306011A (en)
CA (1) CA2452746C (en)
DE (1) DE60303863T2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE60303863T2 (en) 2006-12-14
EP1429410B1 (en) 2006-03-08
CN1244966C (en) 2006-03-08
DE60303863D1 (en) 2006-05-04
BR0306011A (en) 2004-10-05
US7470483B2 (en) 2008-12-30
CN1507099A (en) 2004-06-23
CA2452746C (en) 2009-11-17
EP1429410A1 (en) 2004-06-16
US20040131920A1 (en) 2004-07-08

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