CA2459245A1 - Use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions - Google Patents
Use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2459245A1 CA2459245A1 CA002459245A CA2459245A CA2459245A1 CA 2459245 A1 CA2459245 A1 CA 2459245A1 CA 002459245 A CA002459245 A CA 002459245A CA 2459245 A CA2459245 A CA 2459245A CA 2459245 A1 CA2459245 A1 CA 2459245A1
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- Prior art keywords
- chitosan
- fibres
- copper
- metal ions
- organic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J45/00—Ion-exchange in which a complex or a chelate is formed; Use of material as complex or chelate forming ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the complex or chelate forming ion-exchange properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/006—Cartridges
Abstract
The invention concerns the use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions contained in an effluent. The invention is characterised in that chitosan represents between 0.01 and 20 % by dry weight of fibres and its degree of deacetylation is higher than 90 %.
Description
USE OF MATERIAL BASED ON ORGANIC AND/OR INORGANIC FIBRES
AND CHITOSAN FOR FIXING METAL IONS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention concerns the use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions contained in a liquid or solid effluent.
RELATED ART
Among the effluents containing metal ions in considerable proportions 1 S or traces thereof if a treatment has first been carried out, the most affected effluents are those coming especially from the mining, nuclear, chemical and surface treatment industry, but also from the agricultural industry like e.g. the liquid manure of pigs or the spreading sludges used as fertilizers and coming from purification plants, but this list is not limitative.
In the rest of the description and in the claims, the expression "organic and/or inorganic fibres" denotes among the organic fibres, especially the cellulose fibres, the synthetic fibres e.g. of the polyester or polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride type; the artificial fibres (for example viscose, cellulose acetate); the natural fibres (for example cotton, wool, wood pulp); the carbon fibres (possibly activated), and among the inorganic fibres especially the mineral fibres (for example glass fibres, ceramic fibres).
The chitosan is a deacetylation product of chitin, an element making up the shells of the crabs, lobsters, shrimps or other crustaceans. As we know, the chitosan has sequestering properties of the metal ions when the pH range is higher than 4.
The document WO 90/02708 describes a purification process of polluted aqueous effluents, especially of effluents with high heavy metal content, by means of chitosan in the microcrystalline i.e. modified form. To be more precise, the microcrystalline chitosan is incorporated into a jelly-looking dispersion, which is put into contact with a polluted aqueous effluent. After stirring at a high temperature, the sequestered chitosan with the pollutant is separated from the solution by filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation or by any convenient process. Further, it is shown that the chitosan has a degree of deacetylation over 30%. Considering the microcrystalline form of the chitosan, we can expect that the NHZ-functions thereof are implicated in the crystalline lattice thus not available for metallic sequestering. It follows that the pollution removal technique described in this document is not optimal.
The document GB-2 199 315 describes a support structure based on fibres of microbiological origin treated in an alkaline solution whereby the chitin they contain is revealed. According to the described process, the cultivation of mycelium is treated in an alkaline environment before or after being deposited on a synthetic fibre structure of the polyester or polypropylene type.
The document JP 08 13 2037 describes a water purifier, which associates chitosan and activated carbon in a granulated form in a ratio of 1:20.
Although it has been shown that the mixture can adsorb the heavy metals, no quantitative information is given. In fact, all the results are given in relation to the capacity of the purifier to eliminate the chlorine contained in the town water.
The document JP 63 04 9212 describes an adsorbent filter consisting of cellulose fibres, of diatoms or pearlite and of chitosan. The cellulose fibres and the diatoms are mixed in a ratio of 4/1-1/4 by weight, and then some more chitosan is added, diluted in an acid solution in an amount of 10% by weight. Here the filter is used for separating colloidal proteins, micro particles and fungi. No information is given concerning the possibility to use this material for fixing heavy metals.
Even though it would be used for this application, its efficiency would be lower as the diatoms or the pearlite contain proteins that are able to interact with the amine function of chitosan. In this case, the sequestering properties of the metals by the chitosan are affected.
AND CHITOSAN FOR FIXING METAL IONS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention concerns the use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions contained in a liquid or solid effluent.
RELATED ART
Among the effluents containing metal ions in considerable proportions 1 S or traces thereof if a treatment has first been carried out, the most affected effluents are those coming especially from the mining, nuclear, chemical and surface treatment industry, but also from the agricultural industry like e.g. the liquid manure of pigs or the spreading sludges used as fertilizers and coming from purification plants, but this list is not limitative.
In the rest of the description and in the claims, the expression "organic and/or inorganic fibres" denotes among the organic fibres, especially the cellulose fibres, the synthetic fibres e.g. of the polyester or polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride type; the artificial fibres (for example viscose, cellulose acetate); the natural fibres (for example cotton, wool, wood pulp); the carbon fibres (possibly activated), and among the inorganic fibres especially the mineral fibres (for example glass fibres, ceramic fibres).
The chitosan is a deacetylation product of chitin, an element making up the shells of the crabs, lobsters, shrimps or other crustaceans. As we know, the chitosan has sequestering properties of the metal ions when the pH range is higher than 4.
The document WO 90/02708 describes a purification process of polluted aqueous effluents, especially of effluents with high heavy metal content, by means of chitosan in the microcrystalline i.e. modified form. To be more precise, the microcrystalline chitosan is incorporated into a jelly-looking dispersion, which is put into contact with a polluted aqueous effluent. After stirring at a high temperature, the sequestered chitosan with the pollutant is separated from the solution by filtration, sedimentation and centrifugation or by any convenient process. Further, it is shown that the chitosan has a degree of deacetylation over 30%. Considering the microcrystalline form of the chitosan, we can expect that the NHZ-functions thereof are implicated in the crystalline lattice thus not available for metallic sequestering. It follows that the pollution removal technique described in this document is not optimal.
The document GB-2 199 315 describes a support structure based on fibres of microbiological origin treated in an alkaline solution whereby the chitin they contain is revealed. According to the described process, the cultivation of mycelium is treated in an alkaline environment before or after being deposited on a synthetic fibre structure of the polyester or polypropylene type.
The document JP 08 13 2037 describes a water purifier, which associates chitosan and activated carbon in a granulated form in a ratio of 1:20.
Although it has been shown that the mixture can adsorb the heavy metals, no quantitative information is given. In fact, all the results are given in relation to the capacity of the purifier to eliminate the chlorine contained in the town water.
The document JP 63 04 9212 describes an adsorbent filter consisting of cellulose fibres, of diatoms or pearlite and of chitosan. The cellulose fibres and the diatoms are mixed in a ratio of 4/1-1/4 by weight, and then some more chitosan is added, diluted in an acid solution in an amount of 10% by weight. Here the filter is used for separating colloidal proteins, micro particles and fungi. No information is given concerning the possibility to use this material for fixing heavy metals.
Even though it would be used for this application, its efficiency would be lower as the diatoms or the pearlite contain proteins that are able to interact with the amine function of chitosan. In this case, the sequestering properties of the metals by the chitosan are affected.
The document EP-A-0 323 732 describes, furthermore, a composite material based on cellulose fibres, chitosan (in an amount of 1 - 99% by weight) and fatty acids (0.05 - 1% in relation to the weight of cellulose fibres).
According to an essential characteristic, the chitosan used in this composite material has a degree of deacetylation at least of 40%. At such a degree, and according to this document, the chitosan allows improving the strength of the paper, especially the wet strength thereof. There is no reference made to the possibility of using this material for fixing heavy metals present e.g. in an aqueous effluent. Even though this material would be used for such an application, its efficiency would be low. In fact, the hydrophobic character that the fatty acid gives to the treated paper has an influence on the sorption kinetics of water. By slowing down the diffusion of water into the support, the fatty acid also reduces the sequestering capacity. Thus the accessibility of chitosan is reduced.
The document GB 2 338 477 describes a support based on cellulose and chemical fibres coated with chitosan in an amount of 3-20% by weight. No indication concerning the characteristics of chitosan is mentioned. The support is used for fixing e.g. metal ions of the arsenic, iron sulphate and magnesium chloride type (Ex.
6-8). If the illustrated support has a good metal ion sequestering capacity, it is only for very low effluent flow rates and, in any case, incompatible with an industrial application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The problem that the invention proposes to solve thus consists in improving the fixation speed of the metal ions and, consequently, the flow rate of the effluent to be treated. However, the Applicant has noticed that the fixation speed of the metal ions could be increased when a low chitosan concentration was combined with a high deacetylation degree, higher than 90%.
Consequently, the invention concerns the use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions contained in an effluent, and it is characterised in that the chitosan represents between 0.01 and 20%
by dry weight of fibres and that its degree of deacetylation is higher than 90%.
According to an essential characteristic, the chitosan used in this composite material has a degree of deacetylation at least of 40%. At such a degree, and according to this document, the chitosan allows improving the strength of the paper, especially the wet strength thereof. There is no reference made to the possibility of using this material for fixing heavy metals present e.g. in an aqueous effluent. Even though this material would be used for such an application, its efficiency would be low. In fact, the hydrophobic character that the fatty acid gives to the treated paper has an influence on the sorption kinetics of water. By slowing down the diffusion of water into the support, the fatty acid also reduces the sequestering capacity. Thus the accessibility of chitosan is reduced.
The document GB 2 338 477 describes a support based on cellulose and chemical fibres coated with chitosan in an amount of 3-20% by weight. No indication concerning the characteristics of chitosan is mentioned. The support is used for fixing e.g. metal ions of the arsenic, iron sulphate and magnesium chloride type (Ex.
6-8). If the illustrated support has a good metal ion sequestering capacity, it is only for very low effluent flow rates and, in any case, incompatible with an industrial application.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The problem that the invention proposes to solve thus consists in improving the fixation speed of the metal ions and, consequently, the flow rate of the effluent to be treated. However, the Applicant has noticed that the fixation speed of the metal ions could be increased when a low chitosan concentration was combined with a high deacetylation degree, higher than 90%.
Consequently, the invention concerns the use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions contained in an effluent, and it is characterised in that the chitosan represents between 0.01 and 20%
by dry weight of fibres and that its degree of deacetylation is higher than 90%.
S
The Applicant has in fact noticed that by affecting the concentration and the deacetylation degree of chitosan, the fixation kinetics of metal ions could be considerably modified. If one would expect that by increasing the number of chitosan sites available by deacetylation, the fixation capacity would be increased, then on the other hand, it was not obvious that the fixation speed would improve in the same time.
The fixation of metal ions contained in an effluent can have several applications. First of all, the fixation of heavy metals contained in a liquid effluent can be mentioned. The material is thus used in this case for filtration of liquid effluents by licking or running through depending on the degree of pollution of the effluent. The second matter referred to is the fixation of metal ions present in the soil, especially after a chemical treatment based e.g. on copper, of an agricultural surface.
In this case the material, which can correspond to a mulching paper, is used for fixing the metal ions and consequently for avoiding that they are introduced into the ground water level. Finally, the metal ions can fix themselves voluntarily on the material of the invention either for enhancing its conducting properties, or for forming a metal layer by reduction of the fixed metal ions, or for making it a material having biocide properties.
In an advantageous embodiment, the chitosan represents a degree of desacetylation higher than 95%.
In practice, the chitosan has a molecular weight of between 104 and 106 g.mol-~, preferably between 105 and 5.105 g.mol-~.
In an advantageous embodiment, the chitosan represents between 0.01 and 10%, preferably between 0.01 and 5%, most preferably between 0.01 and 2%
by dry weight of the fibres.
As already said, the material is based on organic and/or inorganic fibres, but it can advantageously consist of cellulose fibres.
According to the invention, the material is in the form of a fibrous mat, which can be manufactured according to different processes well known by those skilled in the art.
Thus, in a first embodiment, the chitosan is mixed with the organic and/or inorganic fibres and then a sheet is formed in a paper making way.
In a second embodiment, a sheet is prepared of organic and/or inorganic fibres and then the sheet thus formed is impregnated by means of a chitosan solution, especially with a size-press. One or two sides can be impregnated before spin drying.
In a third embodiment, the sheet based on organic and/or inorganic fibres is coated with a chitosan solution by coating technique used in a paper mill.
The material of the invention can also be in the form of fibre suspension, especially of cellulose treated with chitosan incorporated into a filter cartridge.
In practice, the chitosan is used initially in the form of salt (acetate, hydrochloride etc.).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention finds an especially advantageous application in the treatment of drinking water, of effluents coming especially from the mining, nuclear, chemical and surface treatment industry, but also from the agricultural industry like e.g. the liquid manure of pigs or the spreading sludges used as fertilizers and coming from the purification plants, but this list is not limitative.
The invention and the advantages which stem therefrom will become more apparent from the following illustrative examples.
S The figure 1 shows the fixation kinetics of copper by only chitosan and the material of the invention at a copper concentration of 0.3125 mg/1.
The figure 2 shows the fixation kinetics of copper by only chitosan and the material of the invention at a copper concentration of 0.625 mg/1.
The figure 3 shows the fixation kinetics of copper by only chitosan and the material of the invention at a copper concentration of 3.125 mg/1.
The figure 4 shows the influence of the proportion of chitosan in the material of the invention with regard to the fixation of copper ions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE
INVENTION
Example 1 In this example, the fixation kinetics of copper is compared to only chitosan and to the material of the invention, the mass of the chitosan being 50 mg, in static conditions, that is without an effluent flux coming through the filter.
al ChitosaH
The chitosan used has a molecular weight of 200 000 g/mol and a degree of deacetylation of 98%.
blMaterial of the iaveHtion A sheet based on cellulose fibres is coated with the chitosan solution by a coating technique, whereby a support containing 2% of chitosan by weight is obtained.
clProtocol - only chitosan or chitosan coated on a paper is hydrated during 12 hours in 100 ml of NaN03 - effluent (0.03 M) at a pH of 6.5, - a volume V of a copper mother solution is added, - the supernatant is taken at different moments, - the measure is done by LC.P. (Inductive Coupled Plasma), - finally, the decontamination factor, which corresponds to the Initial Concentration/Final Concentration ratio in the effluent is calculated.
From this factor is deduced the more or less good decontamination function of only chitosan or of the material of the invention on the basis of the following scale:
FD = 1: No decontamination FD = 7/8: Good decontamination FD>10: Very good decontamination.
The study is carned out for decreasing copper concentrations.
As can be seen from the figure 1, after 210 minutes, 98% of the copper is fixed on the paper coated with chitosan, as only 13% is fixed on only chitosan for a copper concentration of 0.3125 mg/1.
The figure 2 shows that for a copper concentration of 0.625 mg/1, the paper coated with chitosan has already fixed 82% of the copper, as in the same period of time, the chitosan film has fixed only 31 % of the copper.
Finally, for a copper concentration of 3.125 mg/1, 75% of the copper is fixed on a paper coated after 360 minutes, as only 12% of the copper is fixed on only chitosan (figure 3).
The decontamination factors are calculated and represented in the table below.
Copper concentration in Only chitosan Material of the invention mg/1 6.35 Negligible 1,1 decontamination 3.175 1.07 1.43 0.635 1.2 3.5 0.3175 1.4 9.7 Thus it is observed that the fixation capacity of copper by the material of the invention is higher than that of only chitosan, and this concerns all the tested concentrations. It is further noticed that the fixation kinetics of copper on only chitosan is not so rapid than for the material of the invention.
In fact, for a copper concentration of 3.125 mg/1, the decontamination factor of 1.07, obtained after 180 minutes for only chitosan, is obtained after only 4 minutes for the material of the invention.
In the same way, for a copper concentration of 0.625 mg/1, the decontamination factor of 1.2, obtained after 90 minutes for only chitosan, is obtained after only 8 minutes with the material of the invention.
For a copper concentration of 0.3125 mg/l, the decontamination factor of 1.4, obtained after 200 minutes with only chitosan, is obtained after only minutes with the paper of the invention.
Example 2 In this example, the influence of the proportion of chitosan in a cellulose sheet with respect to its copper ion fixation capacity is studied.
As can been seen from the figure 4, more the chitosan proportion is low, the better is the copper ion fixation capacity of the material of the invention in the studied scale.
S Example 3 In this example, the efficiency of the filter of the invention is studied in dynamics for a high effluent flow rate.
The filtration system used is the filter press, the most common and the simplest equipment in the field of liquid filtration. The effluent is purified during its passage thorough the filtering medium consisting of a succession of filters.
The number of the consecutive filters can be adapted according to the desired performances. In this study, each filter having a surface of 550 cmz consists of a 100 g/m2 paper containing 1 % of chitosan by mass of the degree of deacetylation of 98%.
The model effluent used is a copper solution of 6.35 mg/1 which passes through the filtering medium with a flow rate of 4 2001/h, the volume of the tested effluent is 10 litres.
The rate of the retained copper, depending on the number of filters used for constituting the filtering medium, is represented in the following table.
Number of filters4 8 10 Rate of the retained64% 67% 70%
copper With 10 filters, 70% of the copper is fixed within less than 9 seconds.
Example 4 In this example, in the same conditions as in the example 3, the influence of the amount of chitosan in the paper filter for concentrations of 1 and 5%
are compared in dynamics. The degree of deacetylation is 98%.
chitosan Number Rate of Amount Amount Fixation of the of of filters retained the retainedchitosan rate of the copper copper copper on the chitosan 1 4 64% 41 mg 0.2 g 20%
4 68% 43 mg 1 g 4%
As can be seen from the table above, the lower the amount of chitosan is in the tested range, the higher the fixation efficiency is.
The Applicant has in fact noticed that by affecting the concentration and the deacetylation degree of chitosan, the fixation kinetics of metal ions could be considerably modified. If one would expect that by increasing the number of chitosan sites available by deacetylation, the fixation capacity would be increased, then on the other hand, it was not obvious that the fixation speed would improve in the same time.
The fixation of metal ions contained in an effluent can have several applications. First of all, the fixation of heavy metals contained in a liquid effluent can be mentioned. The material is thus used in this case for filtration of liquid effluents by licking or running through depending on the degree of pollution of the effluent. The second matter referred to is the fixation of metal ions present in the soil, especially after a chemical treatment based e.g. on copper, of an agricultural surface.
In this case the material, which can correspond to a mulching paper, is used for fixing the metal ions and consequently for avoiding that they are introduced into the ground water level. Finally, the metal ions can fix themselves voluntarily on the material of the invention either for enhancing its conducting properties, or for forming a metal layer by reduction of the fixed metal ions, or for making it a material having biocide properties.
In an advantageous embodiment, the chitosan represents a degree of desacetylation higher than 95%.
In practice, the chitosan has a molecular weight of between 104 and 106 g.mol-~, preferably between 105 and 5.105 g.mol-~.
In an advantageous embodiment, the chitosan represents between 0.01 and 10%, preferably between 0.01 and 5%, most preferably between 0.01 and 2%
by dry weight of the fibres.
As already said, the material is based on organic and/or inorganic fibres, but it can advantageously consist of cellulose fibres.
According to the invention, the material is in the form of a fibrous mat, which can be manufactured according to different processes well known by those skilled in the art.
Thus, in a first embodiment, the chitosan is mixed with the organic and/or inorganic fibres and then a sheet is formed in a paper making way.
In a second embodiment, a sheet is prepared of organic and/or inorganic fibres and then the sheet thus formed is impregnated by means of a chitosan solution, especially with a size-press. One or two sides can be impregnated before spin drying.
In a third embodiment, the sheet based on organic and/or inorganic fibres is coated with a chitosan solution by coating technique used in a paper mill.
The material of the invention can also be in the form of fibre suspension, especially of cellulose treated with chitosan incorporated into a filter cartridge.
In practice, the chitosan is used initially in the form of salt (acetate, hydrochloride etc.).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention finds an especially advantageous application in the treatment of drinking water, of effluents coming especially from the mining, nuclear, chemical and surface treatment industry, but also from the agricultural industry like e.g. the liquid manure of pigs or the spreading sludges used as fertilizers and coming from the purification plants, but this list is not limitative.
The invention and the advantages which stem therefrom will become more apparent from the following illustrative examples.
S The figure 1 shows the fixation kinetics of copper by only chitosan and the material of the invention at a copper concentration of 0.3125 mg/1.
The figure 2 shows the fixation kinetics of copper by only chitosan and the material of the invention at a copper concentration of 0.625 mg/1.
The figure 3 shows the fixation kinetics of copper by only chitosan and the material of the invention at a copper concentration of 3.125 mg/1.
The figure 4 shows the influence of the proportion of chitosan in the material of the invention with regard to the fixation of copper ions.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE
INVENTION
Example 1 In this example, the fixation kinetics of copper is compared to only chitosan and to the material of the invention, the mass of the chitosan being 50 mg, in static conditions, that is without an effluent flux coming through the filter.
al ChitosaH
The chitosan used has a molecular weight of 200 000 g/mol and a degree of deacetylation of 98%.
blMaterial of the iaveHtion A sheet based on cellulose fibres is coated with the chitosan solution by a coating technique, whereby a support containing 2% of chitosan by weight is obtained.
clProtocol - only chitosan or chitosan coated on a paper is hydrated during 12 hours in 100 ml of NaN03 - effluent (0.03 M) at a pH of 6.5, - a volume V of a copper mother solution is added, - the supernatant is taken at different moments, - the measure is done by LC.P. (Inductive Coupled Plasma), - finally, the decontamination factor, which corresponds to the Initial Concentration/Final Concentration ratio in the effluent is calculated.
From this factor is deduced the more or less good decontamination function of only chitosan or of the material of the invention on the basis of the following scale:
FD = 1: No decontamination FD = 7/8: Good decontamination FD>10: Very good decontamination.
The study is carned out for decreasing copper concentrations.
As can be seen from the figure 1, after 210 minutes, 98% of the copper is fixed on the paper coated with chitosan, as only 13% is fixed on only chitosan for a copper concentration of 0.3125 mg/1.
The figure 2 shows that for a copper concentration of 0.625 mg/1, the paper coated with chitosan has already fixed 82% of the copper, as in the same period of time, the chitosan film has fixed only 31 % of the copper.
Finally, for a copper concentration of 3.125 mg/1, 75% of the copper is fixed on a paper coated after 360 minutes, as only 12% of the copper is fixed on only chitosan (figure 3).
The decontamination factors are calculated and represented in the table below.
Copper concentration in Only chitosan Material of the invention mg/1 6.35 Negligible 1,1 decontamination 3.175 1.07 1.43 0.635 1.2 3.5 0.3175 1.4 9.7 Thus it is observed that the fixation capacity of copper by the material of the invention is higher than that of only chitosan, and this concerns all the tested concentrations. It is further noticed that the fixation kinetics of copper on only chitosan is not so rapid than for the material of the invention.
In fact, for a copper concentration of 3.125 mg/1, the decontamination factor of 1.07, obtained after 180 minutes for only chitosan, is obtained after only 4 minutes for the material of the invention.
In the same way, for a copper concentration of 0.625 mg/1, the decontamination factor of 1.2, obtained after 90 minutes for only chitosan, is obtained after only 8 minutes with the material of the invention.
For a copper concentration of 0.3125 mg/l, the decontamination factor of 1.4, obtained after 200 minutes with only chitosan, is obtained after only minutes with the paper of the invention.
Example 2 In this example, the influence of the proportion of chitosan in a cellulose sheet with respect to its copper ion fixation capacity is studied.
As can been seen from the figure 4, more the chitosan proportion is low, the better is the copper ion fixation capacity of the material of the invention in the studied scale.
S Example 3 In this example, the efficiency of the filter of the invention is studied in dynamics for a high effluent flow rate.
The filtration system used is the filter press, the most common and the simplest equipment in the field of liquid filtration. The effluent is purified during its passage thorough the filtering medium consisting of a succession of filters.
The number of the consecutive filters can be adapted according to the desired performances. In this study, each filter having a surface of 550 cmz consists of a 100 g/m2 paper containing 1 % of chitosan by mass of the degree of deacetylation of 98%.
The model effluent used is a copper solution of 6.35 mg/1 which passes through the filtering medium with a flow rate of 4 2001/h, the volume of the tested effluent is 10 litres.
The rate of the retained copper, depending on the number of filters used for constituting the filtering medium, is represented in the following table.
Number of filters4 8 10 Rate of the retained64% 67% 70%
copper With 10 filters, 70% of the copper is fixed within less than 9 seconds.
Example 4 In this example, in the same conditions as in the example 3, the influence of the amount of chitosan in the paper filter for concentrations of 1 and 5%
are compared in dynamics. The degree of deacetylation is 98%.
chitosan Number Rate of Amount Amount Fixation of the of of filters retained the retainedchitosan rate of the copper copper copper on the chitosan 1 4 64% 41 mg 0.2 g 20%
4 68% 43 mg 1 g 4%
As can be seen from the table above, the lower the amount of chitosan is in the tested range, the higher the fixation efficiency is.
Claims (6)
1. Use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan obtained in a paper-making way, for fixing metal ions contained in an effluent, characterised in that the chitosan represents between 0.01 and 20% by dry weight of fibres and that its degree of deacetylation is higher than 90%.
2/ Use according to Claim 1, characterised in that the molecular weight of the chitosan is between 10 4 and 10 6 g.mol-1.
3/ Use according to Claim 1, characterised in that the chitosan represents between 0.01 and 10% by dry weight of fibres, advantageously between 0.01 and 2%.
4/ Use according to Claim 1, characterised in that the degree of deacetylation of chitosan is higher than 95%.
5/ Use according to Claim 1, characterised in that the material consists exclusively of cellulose fibres.
6/ Use according to any of the Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the material is in the form of a fibre suspension, especially of cellulose treated with chitosan incorporated into a filter cartridge.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0109949A FR2827795B1 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | USE OF A MATERIAL BASED ON ORGANIC AND / OR INORGANIC FIBERS AND CHITOSAN FOR FIXING METAL IONS |
| FR0109949 | 2001-07-25 | ||
| PCT/FR2002/002502 WO2003009939A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-15 | Use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2459245A1 true CA2459245A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
Family
ID=8865894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002459245A Abandoned CA2459245A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2002-07-15 | Use of a material based on organic and/or inorganic fibres and chitosan for fixing metal ions |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7189326B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1409133B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4348434B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20040043166A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1263544C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE306988T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002333995B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0211476A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2459245A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60206764T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2251622T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2827795B1 (en) |
| IL (2) | IL159891A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04000694A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO332148B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL199801B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2004105276A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003009939A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200400471B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2852027B1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2005-07-29 | Ahlstrom Research & Services | NON-WOVEN CARBON FIBER NON-WOVEN SUPPORT AND USE |
| US20100264098A1 (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-10-21 | Potukuchi Kartik | Chitosan-coated fibers to satisfy nsf50 test standard for spas and pools |
| EP2531607B1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2014-11-19 | FPInnovations | Fungal modified chitosan adhesives and wood composites made from the adhesives |
| AU2011340169A1 (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2013-07-11 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Organic-inorganic composite material for removal of anionic pollutants from water and process for the preparation thereof |
| DE102012005588A1 (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2013-11-28 | Stephan Kühn | Composite material based on chitosan matrix, useful for producing e.g. insulation boards, construction shells, comprises connection of carrier and fiber material with the matrix, substitute of adhesives and substitute composite material |
| JP6417183B2 (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2018-10-31 | 地方独立行政法人東京都立産業技術研究センター | Metal ion collector |
| FR3016882A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2015-07-31 | Sofradim Production | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HIGH-DEGREE ACETYLATION CHITOSAN |
| CN103801268B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-09-23 | 福建工程学院 | The preparation method of forming magnetic modified cellulose |
| EP2921216A1 (en) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-23 | ETH Zurich | Heavy metal recycling process and material usefull in such process |
| CN106268673B (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2019-03-12 | 河海大学 | A kind of preparation method of amino modified chitosan composite adsorbing material |
| CN107529520A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-02 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of method of rapidly and efficiently Adsorption heavy metal ion |
| CN108394954A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-08-14 | 佛山市金净创环保技术有限公司 | Water tank purification device and preparation method |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1027501B (en) * | 1968-12-06 | 1978-12-20 | Muzzarelli Weckx M G F | CHITIN CHITOSAN AND DERIVATIVES USED AS CHROMATOGRAPHIC SUPPORTS AND AS ADSORBENTS FOR THE COLLECTION OF IONS FROM WATER AND ORGANIC SOLUTIONS FROM DRINKING AND SEA WATER |
| GB2165865B (en) * | 1984-10-12 | 1987-06-17 | Shirley Inst The | Nonwoven fabric |
| US5010181A (en) * | 1988-03-28 | 1991-04-23 | Coughlin Robert W | Partially treated shellfish waste for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution |
| JPH02164716A (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-25 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Separation of heavy metal ion |
| US5308663A (en) * | 1989-06-20 | 1994-05-03 | Kanai Juyo Kogyo Company Limited | Biodegradable nonwoven fabric and its molding vessel |
| US5827610A (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 1998-10-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Chitosan-coated pulp, a paper using the pulp, and a process for making them |
| RU2110858C1 (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 1998-05-10 | Валентин Николаевич Косяков | Radionuclide flocculator for decontaminating liquid radioactive wastes |
| KR19990000270A (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1999-01-15 | 박원훈 | Leukocyte removal filter coated with chitosan |
| GB2338477A (en) * | 1998-06-11 | 1999-12-22 | Arcasorb Technology Ltd | Adsorbent bed |
| EP1115469B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2003-10-15 | Franz-Dietrich Oeste | Fibrous products containing active substances, a method for the production thereof, and use of the same |
-
2001
- 2001-07-25 FR FR0109949A patent/FR2827795B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-15 US US10/484,319 patent/US7189326B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-15 KR KR10-2004-7001156A patent/KR20040043166A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-15 MX MXPA04000694A patent/MXPA04000694A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-15 AU AU2002333995A patent/AU2002333995B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-15 WO PCT/FR2002/002502 patent/WO2003009939A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-15 ES ES02790195T patent/ES2251622T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-15 CA CA002459245A patent/CA2459245A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-15 EP EP02790195A patent/EP1409133B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-15 CN CNB028147588A patent/CN1263544C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-15 JP JP2003515324A patent/JP4348434B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-15 AT AT02790195T patent/ATE306988T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-15 IL IL15989102A patent/IL159891A0/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-15 BR BR0211476-3A patent/BR0211476A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-15 RU RU2004105276/15A patent/RU2004105276A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-15 PL PL367096A patent/PL199801B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-15 DE DE60206764T patent/DE60206764T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-01-15 IL IL159891A patent/IL159891A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-22 ZA ZA200400471A patent/ZA200400471B/en unknown
- 2004-01-23 NO NO20040308A patent/NO332148B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2002333995B2 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
| BR0211476A (en) | 2004-08-17 |
| CN1535181A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| JP2004535298A (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| MXPA04000694A (en) | 2004-10-27 |
| IL159891A0 (en) | 2004-06-20 |
| EP1409133B1 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
| ATE306988T1 (en) | 2005-11-15 |
| US7189326B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 |
| FR2827795B1 (en) | 2004-06-04 |
| JP4348434B2 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
| NO20040308L (en) | 2004-01-23 |
| KR20040043166A (en) | 2004-05-22 |
| ZA200400471B (en) | 2004-09-27 |
| DE60206764D1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
| PL367096A1 (en) | 2005-02-21 |
| EP1409133A1 (en) | 2004-04-21 |
| PL199801B1 (en) | 2008-10-31 |
| US20040238449A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
| NO332148B1 (en) | 2012-07-09 |
| CN1263544C (en) | 2006-07-12 |
| WO2003009939A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
| FR2827795A1 (en) | 2003-01-31 |
| DE60206764T2 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| IL159891A (en) | 2007-07-24 |
| RU2004105276A (en) | 2005-03-27 |
| ES2251622T3 (en) | 2006-05-01 |
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