CA2472610A1 - Biodegradable or compostable containers - Google Patents

Biodegradable or compostable containers Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2472610A1
CA2472610A1 CA002472610A CA2472610A CA2472610A1 CA 2472610 A1 CA2472610 A1 CA 2472610A1 CA 002472610 A CA002472610 A CA 002472610A CA 2472610 A CA2472610 A CA 2472610A CA 2472610 A1 CA2472610 A1 CA 2472610A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
approximately
starch
gelled
weight
moldable composition
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Granted
Application number
CA002472610A
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French (fr)
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CA2472610C (en
Inventor
Joe A. Bowden
Christine C. Johnston
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New Ice Ltd
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New Ice Limited
Joe A. Bowden
Christine C. Johnston
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Publication of CA2472610A1 publication Critical patent/CA2472610A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2472610C publication Critical patent/CA2472610C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
    • B65D65/466Bio- or photodegradable packaging materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0085Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/30Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by mixing gases into liquid compositions or plastisols, e.g. frothing with air
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/16Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L3/00Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08L3/02Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2303/00Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
    • C08J2303/02Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/06Biodegradable
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16Fibres; Fibrils
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/90Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02W90/10Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1348Cellular material derived from plant or animal source [e.g., wood, cotton, wool, leather, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31786Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
    • Y10T428/3179Next to cellulosic
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31801Of wax or waxy material
    • Y10T428/31804Next to cellulosic
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31935Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31975Of cellulosic next to another carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31978Cellulosic next to another cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31982Wood or paper
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31989Of wood

Abstract

The present invention provides an improved method and materials for forming biodegradable containers that can hold food products in dry, damp or wet conditions and provides the biodegradable containers prepared according to the disclosed process. The containers are produced through the use of a pre-gelled starch suspendion that is unique in its ability to form hydrated gels and to maintain this gel structure in the presence of many other types of materials and at low temperatures.

Claims (40)

We claim:
1. A process for forming a biodegradable material by:
(a) forming a pre-gelled starch suspension that is maintained between approximately 0 and 60°C;
(b) adding to the pre-gelled starch suspension a dry or damp, homogeneous mixture containing at least wood fibers having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8 (width: length) to form a homogenous moldable composition; and (c) molding the homogenous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
2. A process for forming a biodegradable material by:
(a) forming a first pre-gelled starch suspension that is maintained at a low temperature;
(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8), a second pre-gelled starch suspension, and/or a native starch to form a homogenous mixture;
(c) adding to the pre-gelled starch suspension the dry or damp, homogeneous mixture to form a homogenous moldable composition; and (d) molding the homogenous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
3. A process for forming a biodegradable material by:
(a) forming a pre-gelled starch suspension (the pre-gel) produced from approximately 3-10% potato starch by weight of the pre-gel and approximately 90-97%
water by weight of the pre-gel such that the pre-gelled suspension is maintained at low temperature;
(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8), a pre-gelled starch suspension produced from approximately 15% corn starch (by weight of the pre-gel) and approximately 85% water by weight of the pre-gel, and a native starch (for example approximately 50-70%, or, more specifically, 57-65.8%, corn starch (by weight of the homogenous moldable composition) or approximately 2-15% or, more specifically, 3-5% potato starch (by weight of the homogenous moldable composition)) to form a homogeneous mixture;
(c) adding to the pre-gelled potato starch suspension the homogeneous mixture to form a final homogenous moldable composition; and (d) molding the homogenous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
4. A process for forming a biodegradable material by:
(a) forming a pre-gelled paper starch suspension that is maintained at low temperatures;
(b) adding to the pre-gelled paper starch suspension a dry or damp, homogeneous mixture containing at least wood fibers having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8 (width: length) to form a homogeneous moldable composition; and (c) molding the homogeneous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
5. A process for forming a biodegradable material by:
(a) forming a first pre-gelled paper starch suspension that is maintained at low temperatures;
(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8), and a native starch(s) to form a homogeneous mixture;
(c) adding to the first pre-gelled starch suspension the homogenous mixture to form a homogenous moldable composition; and (d) molding the homogenous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
6. A process for forming a biodegradable material by:
(a) forming a pre-gelled starch suspension produced from approximately 2-15%
potato starch (by weight of the pre-gel), preferably about 2.5, 5, 10, or 15%;
approximately 5-10% paper pulp (by weight of the pre-gel), preferably about 5.9-8%; and approximately 75-95% water (by weight of the pre-gel) such that the pre-gelled suspension is maintained at low temperatures;

(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8, preferably between 1:2 and 1:4), native corn starch and native potato starch to form a homogeneous mixture;
(c) adding to the pre-gelled potato starch suspension the homogeneous mixture to form a homogenous moldable composition; and (d) molding the homogenous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
7. The process of claims 1-6, further comprising adding a material selected from the following list to the wood fibers to form a homogeneous mixture:
(i) waxes, fatty alcohols, phospholipids or other high molecular weight biochemicals, such as glycerol;
(ii) approximately 0.5-20% water (by weight of the homogenous moldable composition);
(iii) baking powder; and/or (iv) natural earth fillers, clays, bentonite, amorphous raw products, gypsum or calcium sulfate, minerals such as limestone, or man made inert fillers.
8. A process comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a pre-gelled starch suspension or paper starch suspension that is maintained at a low temperature;
(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8) and (i) dry or damp starch; (ii) pre-gelled starch;
(iii) wax, fatty alcohol, phospholipid and/or other high molecular weight biochemicals;
(v) baking powder; and/or (vi) homogenous moldable composition of natural earth fillers, clays, bentonite, amorphous raw products, gypsum or calcium sulfate, minerals such as limestone, and man made materials such as fly-ash to form a homogeneous mixture;
(c) adding to the pre-gelled starch suspension the dry or damp, homogeneous mixture to form a homogenous moldable composition; and (d) molding the homogenous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
9. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the pregelled starch suspension is produced from approximately 2.5-15% starch (by weight of the pre-gel), and from approximately 85-97.5% of water by weight of the homogenous moldable composition.
10. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the pre-gelled starch suspension I
produced from approximately 2.5-5.5% starch and from approximately 94.5-97.5%
water.
11. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the pre-gelled starch suspension is produced from approximately 2.5-10% potato starch, and 90 to 97.5% water (by weight of the pre-gel).
12. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the pre-gelled starch suspension is produced from approximately 15% corn starch (by weight of the pre-gel).
13. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the pregelled paper starch solution is produced from approximately 5-10% paper pulp (by weight of the pre-gel), approximately 5-15%, natural starch, and approximately 75-90% water (by weight of the pre-gel).
14. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the starch is corn starch or potato starch.
15. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the starch is a mixture of potato starch and corn starch.
16. The process of claims 1-8, wherein corn starch comprises approximately 4-18%, by weight of the homogenous moldable composition.
17. The process of claims 1-8, wherein wood fibers or flour comprise approximately 11-24% of the homogenous moldable composition that contains the pregelled starch solution.
18. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the wood fibers or flour comprise approximately 7-11% by weight of the homogenous moldable composition that contains the pregelled paper starch solution.
19. The process of claims 1-8, wherein the wood fibers or flour have an aspect ratio, width to length of between approximately 1:2 and 1:8.
20. A biodegradable, compostable material made according to a process of claims 1-19 or claims 24-27.
21. The material of claim 20 that disintegrates to component parts in less than one year.
22. The material of claim 20 that disintegrates to component molecules in less than six months.
23. The material of claim 20, that disintegrates in 24 days.
24. The process of claims 1-19 that further comprises using pressure in combination or alternation with heat to mold the biodegradable material.
25. The process of claim 24, wherein the pressure is between approximately 2-, 3 psi
26. The process of claims 1-19, wherein heat is used to produce the material.
27. The process of claim 26, wherein the heat used to mold the biodegradable materials is between approximately 150-250°C.
28. The material of claim 20 coated with a suitable liquid-resistant coating.
29. The material the claim 28, wherein the coating is selected from coatings such as PROTECoat (from New Coat, Inc.), Zein® (a biodegradable material isolated from corn); polylactic acid; poly hydroxyalkanoate; bacterial cellulose;
chitosan based polymer; or waxes and oil based coatings.
30. The material of claim 28, wherein the coating is applied either as a thin film, sprayed or dipped.
31. A process for creating a waterproof material by:
(a) forming a first pre-gelled starch suspension that is maintained at low temperatures;
(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8), and wax, fatty alcohol, phospholipids or other high molecular weight biochemical, such as glycerol;
(c) adding to the first pre-gelled starch suspension the homogeneous mixture containing the wood fiber and other material;
(d) molding the homogeneous composition with heat to form a biodegradable material; and (e) coating the material with a liquid-resistant coating.
32. The material of claim 31, wherein the coating is includes but not limited to PROTECoat, Zein®; polylacticacid; poly hydroxyalkanoate; bacterial cellulose; chitosan based polymers; or waxes and oil based coatings.
33. The process of claim 28, wherein a vacuum is used to form a film around the molded article.
34. A process is provided for creating an open cell foam material by:
(a) forming a first pre-gelled starch suspension that is maintained at a low temperature;

(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8), a second pre-gelled starch suspension to form a homogeneous composition, and a source of gas;
(c) adding to the first pre-gelled starch suspension a dry or damp, homogeneous mixture containing the wood fibers and second pre-gelled starch; and (d) molding the homogeneous composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
3S. A process for forming an open cell foam material by:
(a) forming a pre-gelled starch suspension produced from approximately 3-5%
potato starch (by weight of the pre-gel) and approximately 95-97% water (by weight of the pre-gel) such that the pre-gelled suspension is maintained at low temperatures;
(b) mixing together wood fibers or flour (having an aspect ratio between approximately 1:2 and 1:8), a second pre-gelled starch suspension (the second pre-gel) produced from approximately 15% corn starch (by weight of the second pre-gel) and approximately 85% water (by weight of the second pre-gel), and baking powder of 0.4-12% baking powder (by weight of the homogeneous moldable composition) to form a homogeneous mixture;
(c) adding to the pre-gelled potato starch suspension a homogeneous mixture containing the wood fibers and pre-gelled corn starch to form a homogeneous moldable composition; and (d) molding the homogeneous moldable composition with heat to form a biodegradable material.
36. The material of claim 20 in the form of a cup.
37. The material of claim 20 in the form of a tray.
38. The material of claim 20 in the form of a bowl.
39. The material of claim 20 in the form of a plate.
40. The material of claim 20 in the form of a utensil.
CA 2472610 2002-01-11 2003-01-13 Biodegradable or compostable containers Expired - Fee Related CA2472610C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34800302P 2002-01-11 2002-01-11
US60/348,003 2002-01-11
PCT/US2003/000827 WO2003059756A2 (en) 2002-01-11 2003-01-13 Biodegradable or compostable containers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2472610A1 true CA2472610A1 (en) 2003-07-24
CA2472610C CA2472610C (en) 2010-10-26

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Family Applications (1)

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CA 2472610 Expired - Fee Related CA2472610C (en) 2002-01-11 2003-01-13 Biodegradable or compostable containers

Country Status (18)

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US (4) US6878199B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1327663B1 (en)
JP (2) JP4718760B2 (en)
KR (2) KR20030061675A (en)
CN (1) CN100402593C (en)
AT (1) ATE361945T1 (en)
AU (3) AU2003200086B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2472610C (en)
DE (1) DE60313679T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1327663T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2286385T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1059426A1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ523615A (en)
PT (1) PT1327663E (en)
SG (1) SG139561A1 (en)
SI (1) SI1327663T1 (en)
TW (1) TWI285585B (en)
WO (1) WO2003059756A2 (en)

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