CA2476430A1 - Sodium channel blockers - Google Patents
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- CA2476430A1 CA2476430A1 CA002476430A CA2476430A CA2476430A1 CA 2476430 A1 CA2476430 A1 CA 2476430A1 CA 002476430 A CA002476430 A CA 002476430A CA 2476430 A CA2476430 A CA 2476430A CA 2476430 A1 CA2476430 A1 CA 2476430A1
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Abstract
The invention is directed to sodium channel blockers consisting of pyrazinoylguanidine compounds of the formula (I):
(see formula I) These compounds give a prolonged pharmacodynamic half-life on mucosal surfaces and make them particularly useful for treating cardiovascular disease.
(see formula I) These compounds give a prolonged pharmacodynamic half-life on mucosal surfaces and make them particularly useful for treating cardiovascular disease.
Claims (43)
1. A compound represented by formula (I):
wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, lower alkyl-thio, phenyl-lower alkyl-thio, lower alkyl-sulfonyl, or phenyl-lower alkyl-sulfonyl;
Y is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-thio, halogen, lower alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted mononuclear aryl, or -N(R2)2;
R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
each R2 is, independently, -R7, -(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-Z g-R7,-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, or R3 and R4 are each, independently, hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, (halophenyl)-lower alkyl, lower-(alkylphenylalkyl), lower (alkoxyphenyl)-lower alkyl, naphthyl-lower alkyl, or pyridyl-lower alkyl, with the proviso that at least one of R3 and R4 is a group represented by formula (A):
wherein each R L is, independently, -R7, -(CH2)n-OR8, -O-(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)n-NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7, -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7, -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7, -OSO3H, -O-glucuronide, -O-glucose, each o is, independently, an integer from 0 to 10;
each p is an integer from 0 to 10;
with the proviso that the sum of o and p in each contiguous chain is from 1 to 10;
each x is, independently, O, NR10, C(=O), CHOH, C(=N-R10), CHNR7R10, or represents a single bond;
each R5 is, independently, -(CH2)m-OR8, -O-(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)n-NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2ORB8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7, -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7, -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7, -OSO3H, -O-glucuronide, -O-glucose, each R6 is, independently, -R, -OR11, -N(R7)2, -(CH2)m-OR8, -O-(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)n-NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7, -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7, -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7, -OSO3H, -O-glucuronide, -O-glucose, wherein when two R6 are -OR11 and are located adjacent to each other on a phenyl ring, the alkyl moieties of the two R6 may be bonded together to form a methylenedioxy group;
each R7 is, independently, hydrogen or lower alkyl;
each R8 is, independently, hydrogen, lower alkyl, -C(=O)-R11, glucuronide,
wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, lower alkyl-thio, phenyl-lower alkyl-thio, lower alkyl-sulfonyl, or phenyl-lower alkyl-sulfonyl;
Y is hydrogen, hydroxyl, mercapto, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl-thio, halogen, lower alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted mononuclear aryl, or -N(R2)2;
R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
each R2 is, independently, -R7, -(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-Z g-R7,-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, or R3 and R4 are each, independently, hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl, (halophenyl)-lower alkyl, lower-(alkylphenylalkyl), lower (alkoxyphenyl)-lower alkyl, naphthyl-lower alkyl, or pyridyl-lower alkyl, with the proviso that at least one of R3 and R4 is a group represented by formula (A):
wherein each R L is, independently, -R7, -(CH2)n-OR8, -O-(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)n-NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7, -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7, -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7, -OSO3H, -O-glucuronide, -O-glucose, each o is, independently, an integer from 0 to 10;
each p is an integer from 0 to 10;
with the proviso that the sum of o and p in each contiguous chain is from 1 to 10;
each x is, independently, O, NR10, C(=O), CHOH, C(=N-R10), CHNR7R10, or represents a single bond;
each R5 is, independently, -(CH2)m-OR8, -O-(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)n-NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2ORB8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7, -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7, -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7, -OSO3H, -O-glucuronide, -O-glucose, each R6 is, independently, -R, -OR11, -N(R7)2, -(CH2)m-OR8, -O-(CH2)m-OR8, -(CH2)n-NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10, -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8, -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10, -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10, -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10, -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7, -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7, -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8, -(CH2)n-CO2R7, -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7, -OSO3H, -O-glucuronide, -O-glucose, wherein when two R6 are -OR11 and are located adjacent to each other on a phenyl ring, the alkyl moieties of the two R6 may be bonded together to form a methylenedioxy group;
each R7 is, independently, hydrogen or lower alkyl;
each R8 is, independently, hydrogen, lower alkyl, -C(=O)-R11, glucuronide,
2-tetrahydropyranyl, or each R9 is, independently, -CO2R7, -CON(R7)2, -SO2CH3, or -C(=O)R7;
each R10 is, independently, -H, -SO2CH3, -CO2R7, -C(=O)NR7R9, -C(=O)R7, or -CH2-(CHOH)n-CH2OH;
each Z is, independently, CHOH, C(=O), CHNR7R10, C=NR10, or NR10;
each R11 is, independently, lower alkyl;
each g is, independently, an integer from 1 to 6;
each m is, independently, an integer from 1 to 7;
each n is, independently, an integer from 0 to 7;
each Q is, independently, C-R5, C-R6, or a nitrogen atom, wherein at most three Q in a ring are nitrogen atoms;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and inclusive of all enantiomers, diastereomers, and racemic mixtures thereof.
2. The compound of Claim 1, wherein Y is -NH2.
each R10 is, independently, -H, -SO2CH3, -CO2R7, -C(=O)NR7R9, -C(=O)R7, or -CH2-(CHOH)n-CH2OH;
each Z is, independently, CHOH, C(=O), CHNR7R10, C=NR10, or NR10;
each R11 is, independently, lower alkyl;
each g is, independently, an integer from 1 to 6;
each m is, independently, an integer from 1 to 7;
each n is, independently, an integer from 0 to 7;
each Q is, independently, C-R5, C-R6, or a nitrogen atom, wherein at most three Q in a ring are nitrogen atoms;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and inclusive of all enantiomers, diastereomers, and racemic mixtures thereof.
2. The compound of Claim 1, wherein Y is -NH2.
3. The compound of Claim 2, wherein R2 is hydrogen.
4. The compound of Claim 3, wherein R1 is hydrogen.
5. The compound of Claim 4, wherein X is chlorine.
6. The compound of Claim 5, wherein R3 is hydrogen.
7. The compound of Claim 6, wherein each R L is hydrogen.
8. The compound of Claim 7, wherein o is 4.
9. The compound of Claim 8, wherein p is 0.
10. The compound of Claim 9, wherein x represents a single bond.
11. The compound of Claim 10, wherein each R6 is hydrogen.
12. The compound of Claim 11, wherein at most one Q is a nitrogen atom.
13. The compound of Claim 12, wherein no Q is a nitrogen atom.
14. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-OR8.
15. The compound of Claim 14, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)4-OH.
16. The compound of Claim 14, which is represented by the formula:
17. The compound of Claim 14, which is represented by the formula:
18. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m OR8.
19. The compound of Claim 18, wherein R5 is para-O-(CH2)4-OH
20. The compound of Claim 18, which is represented by the formula:
21. The compound of Claim 18, which is represented by the formula:
22. The compound of Claim 18, which is represented by the formula:
23. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR7R10.
24. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-NHSO2CH3.
25. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-CH2NH(C=O)-(OCH3)3.
26. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-NH(C=O)CH3.
27. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-CH2NH2.
28. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-NH-CO2C2H5.
29. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-CH2NH(C=O)CH3.
30. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-CH2NHCO2CH3.
31. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-CH2NHSO2CH3.
32. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)4-NH(C=O)O(CH3)3.
33. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)4-NH2.
34. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)3-NH(C=O)O(CH3)3.
35. The compound of Claim 23, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)3-NH2.
36. The compound of Claim 23, which is represented by the formula:
37 The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m NR7R10.
38. The compound of Claim 37, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CH2NHCO2(CH3)3.
39. The compound of Claim 37, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CH2NHCO2C2H5.
40. The compound of Claim 37, wherein R5 is para-O-(CH2)3-NH-CO2-(CH3)3.
41. The compound of Claim 37, wherein R5 is para-O(CH2)3-NH2.
42. The compound of Claim 37, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CH2NHSO2CH3.
43. The compound of Claim 37, which is represented by the formula:
43. The compound of Claim 37, which is represented by the formula:
45. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
46. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is-O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
47. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CHOHCH2O-glucuronide.
48. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CH2CHOHCH2OH.
49. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2-(.alpha.-CHOH)2CH2OH.
50. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2-(CHOH)2CH2OH.
51. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
52. The compound of Claim 51, which is the methanesulfonic acid salt.
53. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
54. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
55. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
56. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
57. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
58. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
59. The compound of Claim 58, which is represented by the formula:
60. The compound of Claim 58, which is represented by the formula:
61. The compound of Claim 58, which is represented by the formula:
62. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
63. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
64. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10.
65. The compound of Claim 64, wherein R5 is para-C(=O)NH2.
66. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m C(=O)NR7R10.
67. The compound of Claim 66, which is represented by the formula:
68. The compound of Claim 67, which is the methane sulfonic acid salt.
69. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2-(C=O)NHCH2CHOH.
70. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2-(C=O)NHCH2CHOHCH2OH.
71. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2(C=O)NHCH2(CHOH)2CH2OH.
72. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2C(C=O)NHSO2CH3.
73. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2(C=O)NHCO2CH3.
74. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2-C(C=O)NH-C(C=O)NH2.
75. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is -O-CH2-(C=O)NH-(C=O)CH3.
76. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7.
77. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is (CH2)n-(C=N)-NH2.
78. The compound of Claim 77, wherein R5 is para-(C=NH)NH2.
79. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is (CH2)n-NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
80. The compound of Claim 79, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)3-NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
81. The compound of Claim 79, wherein R5 is para-CH2NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
82. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is (CH2)n-CONHCH2(CHOH)n-CH2OH.
83. The compound of Claim 82, which is represented by the formula:
84. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is NH-C(=O)-CH2-(CHOH)nCH2OH.
85. The compound of Claim 84, which is represented by the formula:
86. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is -NH-(C=O)-NH-CH2(CHOH)nCHOH.
87. The compound of Claim 86, wherein R5 is para-NHC(C=O)NHCH2CH2OH.
88. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7.
89. The compound of Claim 88, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
90. The compound of Claim 89, which is represented by the formula:
91. The compound of Claim 89, wherein R5 is para-O(CH2)3-NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
92. The compound of Claim 88, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CHNH2-CONR7R10.
93. The compound of Claim 92, wherein R5 is para-OCH2-CHNH2-CONH2.
94. The compound of Claim 93, which is the (R) enantiomer.
95. The compound of Claim 93, which is the (S) enantiomer.
96. The compound of Claim 88, which is represented by the formula:
97. The compound of Claim 88, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CHOH-CH2NHCO2(CH3)3.
98. The compound of Claim 88, which is represented by the formula:
99. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
100. The compound of Claim 99, wherein R5 is para-NHCH2(CHOH)2CH2OH.
101. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
102. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
103. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
104. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
105. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
106. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
107. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7.
108. The compound of Claim 107, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CO2(CH3)3.
109. The compound of Claim 107, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CO2H.
110. The compound of Claim 107, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CO2C2H5.
111. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -OSO3H.
112. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-glucuronide.
113. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-glucose.
114. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is 115. The compound of Claim 114, which is represented by the formula:
116. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is 117. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is 118. The compound of Claim 61, which is represented by the formula:
119. The compound of Claim 1, wherein X is halogen;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R2 is -R7, -(CH2)m-OR8, or -(CH2)n-CO2R7;
R3 is a group represented by formula (A); and R4 is hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), or lower alkyl.
120. The compound of Claim 63, wherein X is chloro or bromo;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
at most three R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most three R L are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 2 Q are nitrogen atoms.
121. The compound of Claim 64, wherein Y is -NH2.
122. The compound of Claim 65, wherein R4 is hydrogen;
at most one R L is other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most two R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 1 Q is a nitrogen atom.
123. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-OR8.
124. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-OR8.
125. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR7R10.
126. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10.
127. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
128. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
129. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
130. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
131. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
132. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
133. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10.
134. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10.
135. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R.7 136. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7.
137. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
138. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
139. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7.
140. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -OSO3H.
141. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-glucuronide.
142. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-glucose.
143. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is 144. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is 145. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is 146. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-Boc.
147. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-Boc.
148. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
149. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
150. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-NH-C(=O)-OR7.
151. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=O)-OR7.
152. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NH-C(=O)-R11.
153. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=O)-R11.
154. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)N(R7)2.
155. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc.
156. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc.
157. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-NHC(O)OR7.
158. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NHC(O)OR7.
159. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
160. The compound of Claim 1, wherein 42 is -(CH2)n-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
161. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of -O-(CH2)3-OH, -NH2, -O-CH2-(CHOH)2-CH2OH -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH, -O-CH2CH2-O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl,-O-CH2CHOH-CH2-O-glucuronide, -O-CH2CH2OH, -O-(CH2CH2O)4-CH3, -O-CH2CH2OCH3, -O-CH2-(CHOC(=O)CH3)-CH2-OC(=O)CH3, -O-(CH2CH2O)2-CH3, -OCH2-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH, -CH2OH, -CO2CH3, 162. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of para -O-(CH2)3-OH, para -NH2, para -O-CH2-(CHOH)2-CH2OH, ortho -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH, meta -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH, para -O-CH2CH2-O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl, para -O-CH2CHOH-CH2-O-glucuronide, para -O-CH2CH2OH, para -O-(CH2CH20)4-CH3, para -O-CH2CH2OCH3, para -O-CH2-(CHOC(=O)CH3)-CH2-OC(=O)CH3, para -O-(CH2CH2O)2-CH3, -OCH2-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH, para -CH2OH, para -CO2CH3, para -SO3H, para -O-glucuronide, para and para 163. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-CH2CHOHCH2O-glucuronide, -OCH2CO2H, -NHCH2(CHOH)2-CH2OH, -OCH2CO2Et, -NHSO2CH3, -O-CH2C(=O)NH2, -CH2NH2, -NHCO2Et, -OCH2CH2CH2CH2OH, -CH2NHSO2CH3, -OCH2CH2CHOHCH2OH, -OCH2CH2NHCO2Et, -NH-C(=NH2)-NH2OHOH, -CH2CH-CH-CH2OH, -CH2-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc, -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc, -OCH2CH2CH2NH2, -OCH2CH2NHCH2(CHOH)2CH2OH, -OCH2CH2NH(CH2[(CHOH)2CH2OH)]2, -(CH2)4-NHBoc, -(CH2)4-NH2, -(CH2)4-OH, -OCH2CH2NHSO2CH3, -(CH2)3-NH Boc, -(CH2)3NH2, or -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
164. The compound of Claim 1, wherein X is chloro or bromo;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R3 is a group represented by formula (A); and R4 is hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), or lower alkyl;
at most three R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most three R L are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 2 Q are nitrogen atoms.
165. The compound of Claim 108, wherein R4 is hydrogen;
at most one R L is other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most two R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 1 Q is a nitrogen atom.
166. The compound of Claim 109, wherein X is chloro or bromo;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R3 is a group represented by formula (A); and R4 is hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), or lower alkyl;
at most three R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most three R L are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 2 Q are nitrogen atoms.
167. The compound of Claim 110, wherein R4 is hydrogen;
at most one R L is other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most two R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 1 Q is a nitrogen atom.
168. The compound of Claim 1, wherein x is a single bond.
169. The compound of Claim 1, which is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
170. A composition, comprising:
the compound of Claim 1; and a P2Y2 inhibitor.
171. A composition, comprising:
the compound of Claim 1; and a bronchodilator.
172. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the compound of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
173. A method of promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a mucosal surface of a subject.
174. A method of restoring mucosal defense, comprising:
topically administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a mucosal surface of a subject in need thereof.
175. A method of blocking sodium channels, comprising:
contacting sodium channels with an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
176. A method of treating chronic bronchitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
177. A method of treating cystic fibrosis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
178. A method of treating sinusitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
179. A method of treating vaginal dryness, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the vaginal tract of a subject in need thereof.
180. A method of treating dry eye, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the eye of a subject in need thereof.
181. A method of promoting ocular hydration, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the eye of a subject.
182. A method of promoting corneal hydration, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the eye of a subject.
183. A method of promoting mucus clearance in mucosal surfaces, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a mucosal surface of a subject.
184. A method of treating Sjogren's disease, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
185. A method of treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
186. A method of treating dry skin, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the skin of a subject in need thereof.
187. A method of treating esophagitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
188. A method of treating dry mouth (xerostomia), comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the mouth of a subject in need thereof.
189. A method of treating nasal dehydration, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the nasal passages of a subject in need thereof.
190. The method of Claim 132, wherein the nasal dehydration is brought on by administering dry oxygen to the subject.
191. A method of preventing ventilator-induced pneumonia , comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject on a ventilator.
192. A method of treating asthma, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
193. A method of treating primary ciliary dyskinesia, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
194. A method of treating otitis media, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
195. A method of inducing sputum for diagnostic purposes, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
196. A method of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
197. A method of treating emphysema, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
198. A method of treating pneumonia, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
199. A method of treating constipation, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
200. The method of Claim 143, wherein the compound is administered orally or via a suppository or enema.
201. A method of treating chronic diverticulitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
202. A method of treating rhinosinusitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
203. A method of treating hypertension, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
204. A method of reducing blood pressure, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
205. A method of treating edema, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
206. A method of promoting diuresis, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
207. A method of promoting natriuresis, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
208. A method of promoting saluresis, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
43. The compound of Claim 37, which is represented by the formula:
45. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
46. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is-O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
47. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CHOHCH2O-glucuronide.
48. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CH2CHOHCH2OH.
49. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2-(.alpha.-CHOH)2CH2OH.
50. The compound of Claim 46, wherein R5 is para-OCH2-(CHOH)2CH2OH.
51. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
52. The compound of Claim 51, which is the methanesulfonic acid salt.
53. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
54. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
55. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
56. The compound of Claim 46, which is represented by the formula:
57. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
58. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
59. The compound of Claim 58, which is represented by the formula:
60. The compound of Claim 58, which is represented by the formula:
61. The compound of Claim 58, which is represented by the formula:
62. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
63. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
64. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-C(=O)NR7R10.
65. The compound of Claim 64, wherein R5 is para-C(=O)NH2.
66. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m C(=O)NR7R10.
67. The compound of Claim 66, which is represented by the formula:
68. The compound of Claim 67, which is the methane sulfonic acid salt.
69. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2-(C=O)NHCH2CHOH.
70. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2-(C=O)NHCH2CHOHCH2OH.
71. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2(C=O)NHCH2(CHOH)2CH2OH.
72. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2C(C=O)NHSO2CH3.
73. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2(C=O)NHCO2CH3.
74. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is para-O-CH2-C(C=O)NH-C(C=O)NH2.
75. The compound of Claim 66, wherein R5 is -O-CH2-(C=O)NH-(C=O)CH3.
76. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R7.
77. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is (CH2)n-(C=N)-NH2.
78. The compound of Claim 77, wherein R5 is para-(C=NH)NH2.
79. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is (CH2)n-NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
80. The compound of Claim 79, wherein R5 is para-(CH2)3-NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
81. The compound of Claim 79, wherein R5 is para-CH2NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
82. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is (CH2)n-CONHCH2(CHOH)n-CH2OH.
83. The compound of Claim 82, which is represented by the formula:
84. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is NH-C(=O)-CH2-(CHOH)nCH2OH.
85. The compound of Claim 84, which is represented by the formula:
86. The compound of Claim 76, wherein R5 is -NH-(C=O)-NH-CH2(CHOH)nCHOH.
87. The compound of Claim 86, wherein R5 is para-NHC(C=O)NHCH2CH2OH.
88. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7.
89. The compound of Claim 88, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
90. The compound of Claim 89, which is represented by the formula:
91. The compound of Claim 89, wherein R5 is para-O(CH2)3-NH-C(=NH)-NH2.
92. The compound of Claim 88, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CHNH2-CONR7R10.
93. The compound of Claim 92, wherein R5 is para-OCH2-CHNH2-CONH2.
94. The compound of Claim 93, which is the (R) enantiomer.
95. The compound of Claim 93, which is the (S) enantiomer.
96. The compound of Claim 88, which is represented by the formula:
97. The compound of Claim 88, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CHOH-CH2NHCO2(CH3)3.
98. The compound of Claim 88, which is represented by the formula:
99. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
100. The compound of Claim 99, wherein R5 is para-NHCH2(CHOH)2CH2OH.
101. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
102. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
103. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
104. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
105. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
106. The compound of Claim 101, which is represented by the formula:
107. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7.
108. The compound of Claim 107, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CO2(CH3)3.
109. The compound of Claim 107, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CO2H.
110. The compound of Claim 107, wherein R5 is para-OCH2CO2C2H5.
111. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -OSO3H.
112. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-glucuronide.
113. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is -O-glucose.
114. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is 115. The compound of Claim 114, which is represented by the formula:
116. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is 117. The compound of Claim 13, wherein R5 is 118. The compound of Claim 61, which is represented by the formula:
119. The compound of Claim 1, wherein X is halogen;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R2 is -R7, -(CH2)m-OR8, or -(CH2)n-CO2R7;
R3 is a group represented by formula (A); and R4 is hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), or lower alkyl.
120. The compound of Claim 63, wherein X is chloro or bromo;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
at most three R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most three R L are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 2 Q are nitrogen atoms.
121. The compound of Claim 64, wherein Y is -NH2.
122. The compound of Claim 65, wherein R4 is hydrogen;
at most one R L is other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most two R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 1 Q is a nitrogen atom.
123. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-OR8.
124. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-OR8.
125. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR7R10.
126. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NR7R10.
127. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
128. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
129. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
130. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-R8.
131. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
132. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2CH2O)m-CH2CH2NR7R10.
133. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10.
134. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)NR7R10.
135. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-(Z)g-R.7 136. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-(Z)g-R7.
137. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
138. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)n-NR10-CH2(CHOR8)(CHOR8)n-CH2OR8.
139. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CO2R7.
140. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -OSO3H.
141. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-glucuronide.
142. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-glucose.
143. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is 144. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is 145. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is 146. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-Boc.
147. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-Boc.
148. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
149. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
150. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-NH-C(=O)-OR7.
151. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=O)-OR7.
152. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)n-NH-C(=O)-R11.
153. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NH-C(=O)-R11.
154. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-C(=O)N(R7)2.
155. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc.
156. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc.
157. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -(CH2)m-NHC(O)OR7.
158. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-NHC(O)OR7.
159. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-(CH2)m-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
160. The compound of Claim 1, wherein 42 is -(CH2)n-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
161. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of -O-(CH2)3-OH, -NH2, -O-CH2-(CHOH)2-CH2OH -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH, -O-CH2CH2-O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl,-O-CH2CHOH-CH2-O-glucuronide, -O-CH2CH2OH, -O-(CH2CH2O)4-CH3, -O-CH2CH2OCH3, -O-CH2-(CHOC(=O)CH3)-CH2-OC(=O)CH3, -O-(CH2CH2O)2-CH3, -OCH2-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH, -CH2OH, -CO2CH3, 162. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is selected from the group consisting of para -O-(CH2)3-OH, para -NH2, para -O-CH2-(CHOH)2-CH2OH, ortho -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH, meta -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH, para -O-CH2CH2-O-tetrahydropyran-2-yl, para -O-CH2CHOH-CH2-O-glucuronide, para -O-CH2CH2OH, para -O-(CH2CH20)4-CH3, para -O-CH2CH2OCH3, para -O-CH2-(CHOC(=O)CH3)-CH2-OC(=O)CH3, para -O-(CH2CH2O)2-CH3, -OCH2-CHOH-CHOH-CH2OH, para -CH2OH, para -CO2CH3, para -SO3H, para -O-glucuronide, para and para 163. The compound of Claim 1, wherein R5 is -O-CH2CHOHCH2O-glucuronide, -OCH2CO2H, -NHCH2(CHOH)2-CH2OH, -OCH2CO2Et, -NHSO2CH3, -O-CH2C(=O)NH2, -CH2NH2, -NHCO2Et, -OCH2CH2CH2CH2OH, -CH2NHSO2CH3, -OCH2CH2CHOHCH2OH, -OCH2CH2NHCO2Et, -NH-C(=NH2)-NH2OHOH, -CH2CH-CH-CH2OH, -CH2-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc, -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2-NHBoc, -OCH2CH2CH2NH2, -OCH2CH2NHCH2(CHOH)2CH2OH, -OCH2CH2NH(CH2[(CHOH)2CH2OH)]2, -(CH2)4-NHBoc, -(CH2)4-NH2, -(CH2)4-OH, -OCH2CH2NHSO2CH3, -(CH2)3-NH Boc, -(CH2)3NH2, or -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2-NH-C(=NH)-N(R7)2.
164. The compound of Claim 1, wherein X is chloro or bromo;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R3 is a group represented by formula (A); and R4 is hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), or lower alkyl;
at most three R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most three R L are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 2 Q are nitrogen atoms.
165. The compound of Claim 108, wherein R4 is hydrogen;
at most one R L is other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most two R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 1 Q is a nitrogen atom.
166. The compound of Claim 109, wherein X is chloro or bromo;
Y is -N(R7)2;
R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R2 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl;
R3 is a group represented by formula (A); and R4 is hydrogen, a group represented by formula (A), or lower alkyl;
at most three R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most three R L are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 2 Q are nitrogen atoms.
167. The compound of Claim 110, wherein R4 is hydrogen;
at most one R L is other than hydrogen as defined above;
at most two R6 are other than hydrogen as defined above; and at most 1 Q is a nitrogen atom.
168. The compound of Claim 1, wherein x is a single bond.
169. The compound of Claim 1, which is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
170. A composition, comprising:
the compound of Claim 1; and a P2Y2 inhibitor.
171. A composition, comprising:
the compound of Claim 1; and a bronchodilator.
172. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the compound of Claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
173. A method of promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a mucosal surface of a subject.
174. A method of restoring mucosal defense, comprising:
topically administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a mucosal surface of a subject in need thereof.
175. A method of blocking sodium channels, comprising:
contacting sodium channels with an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1.
176. A method of treating chronic bronchitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
177. A method of treating cystic fibrosis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
178. A method of treating sinusitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
179. A method of treating vaginal dryness, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the vaginal tract of a subject in need thereof.
180. A method of treating dry eye, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the eye of a subject in need thereof.
181. A method of promoting ocular hydration, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the eye of a subject.
182. A method of promoting corneal hydration, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the eye of a subject.
183. A method of promoting mucus clearance in mucosal surfaces, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a mucosal surface of a subject.
184. A method of treating Sjogren's disease, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
185. A method of treating distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
186. A method of treating dry skin, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the skin of a subject in need thereof.
187. A method of treating esophagitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
188. A method of treating dry mouth (xerostomia), comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the mouth of a subject in need thereof.
189. A method of treating nasal dehydration, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to the nasal passages of a subject in need thereof.
190. The method of Claim 132, wherein the nasal dehydration is brought on by administering dry oxygen to the subject.
191. A method of preventing ventilator-induced pneumonia , comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject on a ventilator.
192. A method of treating asthma, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
193. A method of treating primary ciliary dyskinesia, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
194. A method of treating otitis media, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
195. A method of inducing sputum for diagnostic purposes, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
196. A method of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
197. A method of treating emphysema, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
198. A method of treating pneumonia, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
199. A method of treating constipation, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
200. The method of Claim 143, wherein the compound is administered orally or via a suppository or enema.
201. A method of treating chronic diverticulitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
202. A method of treating rhinosinusitis, comprising:
administering an effective amount of the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
203. A method of treating hypertension, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
204. A method of reducing blood pressure, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
205. A method of treating edema, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
206. A method of promoting diuresis, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
207. A method of promoting natriuresis, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
208. A method of promoting saluresis, comprising administering the compound of Claim 1 to a subject in need thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US10/076,571 | 2002-02-19 | ||
US10/076,571 US6858615B2 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2002-02-19 | Phenyl guanidine sodium channel blockers |
PCT/US2003/004817 WO2003070182A2 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2003-02-19 | Sodium channel blockers |
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CA2476430A1 true CA2476430A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
CA2476430C CA2476430C (en) | 2011-11-08 |
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US (15) | US6858615B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1485360B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP4557550B2 (en) |
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AT (1) | ATE520674T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2003211135B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2476430C (en) |
CY (1) | CY1112906T1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1485360T3 (en) |
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HK (1) | HK1070369A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1485360E (en) |
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