CA2501163A1 - Bulk diffuser for flat panel display - Google Patents
Bulk diffuser for flat panel display Download PDFInfo
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- CA2501163A1 CA2501163A1 CA002501163A CA2501163A CA2501163A1 CA 2501163 A1 CA2501163 A1 CA 2501163A1 CA 002501163 A CA002501163 A CA 002501163A CA 2501163 A CA2501163 A CA 2501163A CA 2501163 A1 CA2501163 A1 CA 2501163A1
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-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08L83/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0055—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/007—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp
- G02B6/0071—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp with elongated shape, e.g. tube
Abstract
The invention features a bulk light diffuser material. The bulk light diffuser material may be a sheet or film comprising about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 2.5 percent by weight of a particulate light diffusing component, based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles (128). The sheet material has a percent transmittance of at least 70% and a haze of at least 10% measured according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D
1003.
1003.
Description
BULK DIFFUSER FOR FLAT PANEL DISPLAY
BACKGOUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to optical sheet material and, more specifically, to such sheet material characterized by bulls diffusion of light.
In backlight computer displays or other display systems, optical films or sheet material are commonly used to direct, diffuse or polarize light. For example, in backlight displays, brightness enhancement films use prismatic structures on the surfaces thereof to direct light along a viewing axis (i.e., an axis normal to the display). This enhances the brightness of the light viewed by the user of the display and allows the system to consume less power in creating a desired level of on-axis illumination. Such films can also be used in a wide range of other optical designs, such as in projection displays, traffic signals, and illuminated signs.
In current displays systems, for example in Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD), it is desirable to have diffusing components. Examples of the utility of diffusing components include (but are not limited to) masking artifacts, such as seeing electronic components located behind the diffuser film, improved uniformity in illumination and increased viewing angle. In a typical LCD display, diffusion of light is introduced into the backlight assembly by adding separate films (i.e., a stack) that are comprised of a non-diffusing substrate to which a highly irregular, diffusing surface treatment is applied or attached. It is thus desirable to generate diffuse light with out the added cost of separate elms.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention features a bulls light diffuser material. The bulls light diffuser material comprises about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 2.5 percent by weight of a particulate light diffusing component, based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles. The sheet material has a percent transmittance of at least 70% and a haze of at least 10%
measured according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D
1003.
In another aspect of the invention, a backlight display device comprises an optical source for generating light; a light guide for guiding the light therealong including a reflective surface for reflecting the light out of the light guide; and the aforesaid bulk light diffuser material as a sheet material receptive of the light from the reflective surface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a cross sectional view of a backlight display device including an optical substrate or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 2 is a graphical representation of two particle size distributions of light diffusing particles introduced into an optical substrate or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 3 is a graphical representation of the theoretical transmission of light through a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material with diffuser particles introduced thereto according to the particle size distributions of Figure 2, as a function of scattering angle as compared to prior art polycarbonate film.
FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view of an optical substrate or optical sheet material receptive of light and diffusing the light emanating therefrom.
FIGURE ~ is a graphical representation of experimental results of the predicted transmission of light vs the measured transmission of light for PMMA and TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in a polycarbonate elm or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 6 is a graphical representation of experimental results of the predicted haze vs the measured haze for PMMA and TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 7 is a graphical representation of the measured percent transmission of light vs the measured percent haze for matte surface and polished surface PMMA and polished surface TOSPEARLO particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 8 is a cross sectional view of an optical substrate having prismatic structures of the surface thereof.
FIGURE 9 is a graphical representation of the measured percent transmission of light vs the measured percent haze for PMMA and TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material according to particle concentration and mean diameter size.
FIGURE 10 is a three dimensional view of a backlight display device including a stack of optical substrates.
FIGURE 11 is a three dimensional view of optical substrates oriented such that the direction of prismatic surfaces thereon are positioned at an angle with respect to one another.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In Figure 1 a perspective view of a baclclight display 100 device is shown.
The backlight display device 100 comprises an optical source 102 for generating light 116.
A light guide 104 guides the light 116 therealong by total internal reflection. A
reflective device 106 positioned along the light guide 104 reflects the light 116 out of the light guide 104. A first optical substrate 108 positioned above the light guide 104 is receptive of the light 1 l6.from the light guide 104. The first optical substrate 108 comprises, on one side thereof, a planar surface 110 and on a second, opposing side thereof, a prismatic surface 112 (Fig. 8) or may comprise opposing planar surfaces 110 or opposing prismatic surfaces 112. The opposing surfaces may also include a matte finish, for example a surface replicated from a sand blasted, laser machined, milled or electric discharged machine master as well as the planar and prismatic surfaces. The first optical substrate 108 is receptive of the light 116 and acts to turn the light 116 in a direction that is substantially normal to the first optical substrate 108 along a direction ~ as shown. The light 116 is then directed to a second optical substrate 114 located above the first optical substrate 108 to provide diffusion of the light 116. The second optical substrate 114, which may be sheet material, is receptive of the light 116 from the first optical substrate 108. The light 116 proceeds from the second optical substrate 114 to a liquid crystal display (LCD) 130 (Fig. 10).
It will be appreciated that the second optical substrate may also include the aforesaid planar and prismatic surfaces 110, 112.
As best understood from Figure 10, the backlight display device 100 may include a plurality of optical substrates I 08, 114 arranged in a stack as shown.
Furthermore, the prismatic surfaces 112 of the optical substrates 108 may be oriented such that the direction of the prismatic surfaces 112 are positioned at an angle with respect to one another, e.g., 90 degrees (Fig. 11). Still further, it will be appreciated that the prismatic surfaces 112 of the optical substrates 108 have a peak angle, a, a height, h, a pitch, p, and a length, l which may have prescribed values or may have values which are randomized or at least psuedo-randomized.
Haze is the scattering or diffusion of light as light passes through a transparent material. Haze can be inherent in the material, a result of a formation or molding process, or a result of surface texture (e.g., prismatic surfaces). By adding light diffusing particles 128 (Fig. 4), having a characteristic dimension of about 1 to 10 micrometers, to the second optical substrate 114, the diffusion of light emanating therefrom may be improved. The light diffusing particles 128 may be round or irregular in shape, and have a refractive index different from that of the second optical substrate 114. Typical refractive indices of the light diffusing particles 128 are in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.7 and that of the second optical substrate 114 in the range of about 1.45 to about 1.65. The light diffusing particles 128 may be randomly, or at least pseudo-randomly, distributed or oriented in the optical substrate 114, or may be aligned in some deterministic fashion.
Suitable light diffusing particles may comprise organic or inorganic materials, or mixtures thereof, and do not significantly adversely affect the physical properties desired in the polycarbonate, for example impact strength or tensile strength.
Examples of suitable light diffusing organic materials include poly(acrylates);
BACKGOUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to optical sheet material and, more specifically, to such sheet material characterized by bulls diffusion of light.
In backlight computer displays or other display systems, optical films or sheet material are commonly used to direct, diffuse or polarize light. For example, in backlight displays, brightness enhancement films use prismatic structures on the surfaces thereof to direct light along a viewing axis (i.e., an axis normal to the display). This enhances the brightness of the light viewed by the user of the display and allows the system to consume less power in creating a desired level of on-axis illumination. Such films can also be used in a wide range of other optical designs, such as in projection displays, traffic signals, and illuminated signs.
In current displays systems, for example in Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD), it is desirable to have diffusing components. Examples of the utility of diffusing components include (but are not limited to) masking artifacts, such as seeing electronic components located behind the diffuser film, improved uniformity in illumination and increased viewing angle. In a typical LCD display, diffusion of light is introduced into the backlight assembly by adding separate films (i.e., a stack) that are comprised of a non-diffusing substrate to which a highly irregular, diffusing surface treatment is applied or attached. It is thus desirable to generate diffuse light with out the added cost of separate elms.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention features a bulls light diffuser material. The bulls light diffuser material comprises about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 2.5 percent by weight of a particulate light diffusing component, based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles. The sheet material has a percent transmittance of at least 70% and a haze of at least 10%
measured according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D
1003.
In another aspect of the invention, a backlight display device comprises an optical source for generating light; a light guide for guiding the light therealong including a reflective surface for reflecting the light out of the light guide; and the aforesaid bulk light diffuser material as a sheet material receptive of the light from the reflective surface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a cross sectional view of a backlight display device including an optical substrate or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 2 is a graphical representation of two particle size distributions of light diffusing particles introduced into an optical substrate or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 3 is a graphical representation of the theoretical transmission of light through a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material with diffuser particles introduced thereto according to the particle size distributions of Figure 2, as a function of scattering angle as compared to prior art polycarbonate film.
FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view of an optical substrate or optical sheet material receptive of light and diffusing the light emanating therefrom.
FIGURE ~ is a graphical representation of experimental results of the predicted transmission of light vs the measured transmission of light for PMMA and TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in a polycarbonate elm or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 6 is a graphical representation of experimental results of the predicted haze vs the measured haze for PMMA and TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 7 is a graphical representation of the measured percent transmission of light vs the measured percent haze for matte surface and polished surface PMMA and polished surface TOSPEARLO particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material.
FIGURE 8 is a cross sectional view of an optical substrate having prismatic structures of the surface thereof.
FIGURE 9 is a graphical representation of the measured percent transmission of light vs the measured percent haze for PMMA and TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material according to particle concentration and mean diameter size.
FIGURE 10 is a three dimensional view of a backlight display device including a stack of optical substrates.
FIGURE 11 is a three dimensional view of optical substrates oriented such that the direction of prismatic surfaces thereon are positioned at an angle with respect to one another.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In Figure 1 a perspective view of a baclclight display 100 device is shown.
The backlight display device 100 comprises an optical source 102 for generating light 116.
A light guide 104 guides the light 116 therealong by total internal reflection. A
reflective device 106 positioned along the light guide 104 reflects the light 116 out of the light guide 104. A first optical substrate 108 positioned above the light guide 104 is receptive of the light 1 l6.from the light guide 104. The first optical substrate 108 comprises, on one side thereof, a planar surface 110 and on a second, opposing side thereof, a prismatic surface 112 (Fig. 8) or may comprise opposing planar surfaces 110 or opposing prismatic surfaces 112. The opposing surfaces may also include a matte finish, for example a surface replicated from a sand blasted, laser machined, milled or electric discharged machine master as well as the planar and prismatic surfaces. The first optical substrate 108 is receptive of the light 116 and acts to turn the light 116 in a direction that is substantially normal to the first optical substrate 108 along a direction ~ as shown. The light 116 is then directed to a second optical substrate 114 located above the first optical substrate 108 to provide diffusion of the light 116. The second optical substrate 114, which may be sheet material, is receptive of the light 116 from the first optical substrate 108. The light 116 proceeds from the second optical substrate 114 to a liquid crystal display (LCD) 130 (Fig. 10).
It will be appreciated that the second optical substrate may also include the aforesaid planar and prismatic surfaces 110, 112.
As best understood from Figure 10, the backlight display device 100 may include a plurality of optical substrates I 08, 114 arranged in a stack as shown.
Furthermore, the prismatic surfaces 112 of the optical substrates 108 may be oriented such that the direction of the prismatic surfaces 112 are positioned at an angle with respect to one another, e.g., 90 degrees (Fig. 11). Still further, it will be appreciated that the prismatic surfaces 112 of the optical substrates 108 have a peak angle, a, a height, h, a pitch, p, and a length, l which may have prescribed values or may have values which are randomized or at least psuedo-randomized.
Haze is the scattering or diffusion of light as light passes through a transparent material. Haze can be inherent in the material, a result of a formation or molding process, or a result of surface texture (e.g., prismatic surfaces). By adding light diffusing particles 128 (Fig. 4), having a characteristic dimension of about 1 to 10 micrometers, to the second optical substrate 114, the diffusion of light emanating therefrom may be improved. The light diffusing particles 128 may be round or irregular in shape, and have a refractive index different from that of the second optical substrate 114. Typical refractive indices of the light diffusing particles 128 are in the range of about 1.4 to about 1.7 and that of the second optical substrate 114 in the range of about 1.45 to about 1.65. The light diffusing particles 128 may be randomly, or at least pseudo-randomly, distributed or oriented in the optical substrate 114, or may be aligned in some deterministic fashion.
Suitable light diffusing particles may comprise organic or inorganic materials, or mixtures thereof, and do not significantly adversely affect the physical properties desired in the polycarbonate, for example impact strength or tensile strength.
Examples of suitable light diffusing organic materials include poly(acrylates);
poly(allcyl methacrylates), for example poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA);
poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE); silicones, for example hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilanes) available under the trade name TOSPEARLOO from GE Silicones;
and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing organic materials, wherein the alkyl groups have from one to about twelve carbon atoms. Examples of suitable light diffusing inorganic materials include materials comprising antimony, titanium, barium, and zinc, for example the oxides or sulfides of the foregoing such as zinc oxide, antimony oxide and mixtures ~ comprising at least one of the foregoing inorganic materials.
Figure 2 shows two light diffusing particle size distributions 118a, 118b wherein the frequency of the light diffusing particles is a function of particle diameter (or some characteristic dimension). In a first light diffusing particle size distribution 118a the average particle size is 2.4 micrometers with a standard deviation of 500. In a second light diffusing particle size distribution 118b the average particle size is 4.5 micrometers with a standard deviation of 500.
Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of the theoretical transmission of light 120, 122 (luminance in Cd/m2) at 560 nm through a 0.127 mm thick polycarbonate film with light diffusing particles, having a refractive index of 1.49, and a concentration of 1.8% (122) and 1.5% (120) introduced thereinto according to the particle size distributions of Figure 2, as a function of scattering angle, as compared to the actual transmission of light 124, 126 through two prior art polycarbonate films. As can be seen from Figure 3 by selecting a proper refractive index, mean particle size and particle concentration, a transmission can be found that substantially follows that of actual transmission.
Table 1 shows data for two types of light diffusing particles suspended in a 0.178mm thick polycarbonate film with a refractive index of 1.59. Typical films are about 0.025 to O.Smm in thickness but could be thicker or thinner if the application required it. The first light diffusing particle is a polymer comprised of poly(methyl methacrylate), and the second is a polymer comprising hydrolyzed poly(allcyl trialkoxysilane), or a mixture thereof, where "alkyl" is defined as C~-C~2 alkyl, preferably methyl. With no light diffusing particles added to the polycarbonate film the integrated reflection is 9.7% and the integrated transmission is 88.4%. As can be seen from Table l, in the first exemplary particle size and concentration, by maintaining a constant mean particle diameter (2.4 micrometers), standard deviation (0.24 micrometers) and particle concentration (0.2%), while changing the refractive index of the light diffusing particles from 1.49 to 1.43, the integrated reflection increases from 9.8% to 9.9%, the integrated transmission diminishes from 88.3%
to 87.8%. In the second exemplary particle size and concentration, by maintaining a constant mean particle diameter (2.4 micrometers), standard deviation (0.24 micrometers) and particle concentration (2.2%), while changing the refractive index of the light diffusing particles from 1.49 to 1.43, the integrated reflection increases from 11.0% to 16.5% and the integrated transmission diminishes from 86.3% to 78.9%. Thus, lowering the refractive index of the added particulate matter from 1.49 to 1.43 relative to that of polycarbonate film refractive index of 1.59 reduces transmission and increases the reflection of light through the polycarbonate film.
As can also be seen from Table 1, by increasing the light diffusing particle concentration from 0.2% to 2.2% for a given particle type, where the refractive index of the light diffusing particles is constant, the haze for PMMA increases from 34% to 98% while for TOSPEARLOO the haze increases from 44% to 99%. Thus, increasing the concentration of the light diffusing particles increases the haze of the polycarbonate film. In summary, Table 1 illustrates that PMMA is a good candidate for use as the added light diffusing particles because its addition to the polycarbonate film has the minimal reduction in the integrated transmission from 88.4% to 86.3%
while at the same time achieving a percent haze value of 98%.
G
Table 1 Light RefractiveParticle ParticleIntegratedIntegratedHaze Size Diffusing Index (diameter Conc. ReflectionTransmission (h) in (%) Material micrometers) (%) (%) (weight %) None 1.59 0.0% 9.7% 88.4% 0%
PMMA 1.49 2.4 0.2% 9.8% 88.3% 34%
PMMA 1.49 2.4 2.2% 11.0% 86.3% 98%
TOSPEARLOO 1.43 2.4 0.2% 9.9% 87.8% 44%
TOSPEARLOO 1.43 2.4 2.2% 16.5% 78.9% 99%
Referring now to Figures 5 and 6 experimental results for predicted vs measured percent transmission of light and percent haze are shown. In Figure 5 the PMMA
particles (D) and the TOSPEARLOO particles (o) show a reasonably good equivalence between the measured and predicted transmission values.
In Figure 6, the predicted and measured percent haze is calculated from Total Diffuse Ti°ansrnission %Haze =100 ~c ' ( 1 ) Total Ti°aftsrnissio~
where total transmission is the integrated transmission and the diffuse transmission is the light transmission that is scattered by the film as defined by ASTM D
1003. As seen in Figure 6, the PMMA particles (4) show a reasonably good equivalence between the measured and predicted values of percent haze, whereas the TOSPEARL ~z particles (o) show a very near or substantial equivalence between the measured and predicted values of percent haze. However, as noted above in Table 1, TOSPEARLO shows a higher integrated reflection for both particle size distributions than that of PMMA. Thus, for applications that require higher reflection TOSPEARLOO may be preferred.
Figure 7 is a graphical representation of the experimental measured percent transmission of light through a polycarbonate film relative to their measured percent haze thereof for matte surface (~) and polished surface (~) PMMA particles and polished surface (o) TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in the polycarbonate film.
The refractive index difference between the polycarbonate film and the PMMA
particles is about 0.1, which is optimum for high haze and high transmission values.
However, the refractive index difference between the polycarbonate film and the TOSPEARL a0 particles is about 0.16 which is larger than that between PMMA and the polycarbonate, leading to lower transmissions for the high haze samples. W
Figure 7, several of the PMMA particles (both matte and polished surfaces) show a transmission of greater than 90% and a haze of greater than 80% by controlling the particle concentration, while no TOSPEARLOO particles have a transmission of greater than 90% even for particles with a haze of greater than 80% even by controlling particle concentration. Figure 7 also shows data indicating PMMA polished and silicone polished particles having a transmittance of about 91 % and a haze of about 15%. The aforesaid matte and polished surfaces are defined by gloss values according to ASTM standard D523 where the polished surface has a gloss value of over 90 and a matte surface has a gloss value of under 50.
Figure 9 is a graphical representation of the measured percent transmission of light through a 0.178 mm thick polycarbonate film vs the measured percent haze thereof for PMMA and TOSPEARL Iz particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material according to particle concentration and mean diameter size. In Figure 9, for PMMA particles, by increasing the particle concentration from 0.2% to 2.2%, while maintaining the mean particle size at either 2.4 micrometers or 5.0 micrometers, the transmission increased, or only decreased slightly, with an increase in haze. In particular, a PMMA particle concentration of 2.2% and a mean particle size of 2.4 micrometers (~), or a PMMA particle concentration of 2.2% and 5.0 micrometers (~) possesses a measured haze of greater than 80% and a measured transmission of greater than 90%. In contrast, fox TOSPEARLO particles, by increasing the particle concentration from 0.2% to 2.2%, while maintaining the mean particle size at either 2.0 micrometers or 4.5 micrometers, the transmission decreased, even though there was an increase in haze. However, a TOSPEARLO particle concentration of 2.2%
and a mean particle size of 4.5 micrometers (1), possesses a measured haze of greater than 80% though still possessing a measured transmission of greater than 89%.
Also seen in Figure 9 is data indicating a TOSPEARLOO concentration of about 0.2%
and a 4.5 micrometer size having a haze of about 15% and a transmittance of about 91%, as well as a PMMA concentration of 0.2% and 5.0 micrometer size having a haze of about 17% and a transmittance of about 91 %.
Figures 7 and 9 thus show that PMMA particles (with both matte and polished surfaces) suspended in a polycarbonate film at a selected particle concentration of about 2.2% and a mean particle size of either 2.4 micrometers or 5.0 micrometers are a good candidate for effecting the necessary light diffusion properties in display devices.
Thus, based upon the foregoing description a bulk light diffuser as a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material or optical substrate has been described comprising about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of a polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight of light diffusing particles, based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles. Other components may be present in the polycarbonate compositions in minor amounts, as long as such components do not adversely affect the physical properties of the composition, such that the bulls light diffuser consists essentially of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles.
Preferably the light diffusing particles comprise a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate), hydrolyzed poly(methyl trialkoxysilane), and mixtures thereof. The sheet material has a percent transmittance of at least 70%
and a haze of at least 10% measured according to ASTM standard D 1003-00.
The description of the invention herein discloses a polymer particle concentration p, a sheet material thickness, t, and a mean particle size, s, to achieve a preferred sheet material having optical properties of at least 70% transmission and at least 10% haze, a more preferred sheet material having optical properties of at least 90%
transmission and at least 80% haze, and a most preferred sheet material having optical properties of at least 90% transmission and at least 90% haze, for a polymer such as a poly(acrylate), a poly(alkyl methacrylate), a hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilane), or a mixture thereof, wherein alkyl is defined as C~-C~Z alkyl, and the particles are suspended within a polycarbonate. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aforesaid particle concentration p, sheet material thiclcness, t, and mean particle size, s, can be manipulated either separately or in combination so as to achieve the preferred, more preferred and most preferred transmission and haze.
Embodiments of the bulk light diffuser material as a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material have been described with respect to backlight displays or the like.
Such bulk diffusion may also be attained by adding the light diffusion particles to either the upper or lower substrate containing liquid crystal material, or both in an LCD. This can result in increased view angle and decreased artifacts from pixel boundaries. The bulk diffusion of light may also be accomplished by adding the light diffusion particles to the reflective surface 106 positioned along the light guide 104 or to the light guide 104 in an edge-lit backlight or frontlight assembly. The optical sheet material can replace surface texture type of diffusers in existing backlight devices or may be included in such diffusers as well as in brightness enhancement films or light turning films.
Any references to first, second, etc. or to front and back, right and left, top and bottom, upper and lower, horizontal and vertical, or any other similar type of designation indicating a relative position between two or more quantities or objects are, unless noted otherwise, intended for convenience of description, not to limit the present invention or its components to any one positional or spatial orientation. All dimensions of the components in the attached Figures can vary with a potential design and the intended use of an embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention.
While the invention has been described with reference to several embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE); silicones, for example hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilanes) available under the trade name TOSPEARLOO from GE Silicones;
and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing organic materials, wherein the alkyl groups have from one to about twelve carbon atoms. Examples of suitable light diffusing inorganic materials include materials comprising antimony, titanium, barium, and zinc, for example the oxides or sulfides of the foregoing such as zinc oxide, antimony oxide and mixtures ~ comprising at least one of the foregoing inorganic materials.
Figure 2 shows two light diffusing particle size distributions 118a, 118b wherein the frequency of the light diffusing particles is a function of particle diameter (or some characteristic dimension). In a first light diffusing particle size distribution 118a the average particle size is 2.4 micrometers with a standard deviation of 500. In a second light diffusing particle size distribution 118b the average particle size is 4.5 micrometers with a standard deviation of 500.
Figure 3 shows a graphical representation of the theoretical transmission of light 120, 122 (luminance in Cd/m2) at 560 nm through a 0.127 mm thick polycarbonate film with light diffusing particles, having a refractive index of 1.49, and a concentration of 1.8% (122) and 1.5% (120) introduced thereinto according to the particle size distributions of Figure 2, as a function of scattering angle, as compared to the actual transmission of light 124, 126 through two prior art polycarbonate films. As can be seen from Figure 3 by selecting a proper refractive index, mean particle size and particle concentration, a transmission can be found that substantially follows that of actual transmission.
Table 1 shows data for two types of light diffusing particles suspended in a 0.178mm thick polycarbonate film with a refractive index of 1.59. Typical films are about 0.025 to O.Smm in thickness but could be thicker or thinner if the application required it. The first light diffusing particle is a polymer comprised of poly(methyl methacrylate), and the second is a polymer comprising hydrolyzed poly(allcyl trialkoxysilane), or a mixture thereof, where "alkyl" is defined as C~-C~2 alkyl, preferably methyl. With no light diffusing particles added to the polycarbonate film the integrated reflection is 9.7% and the integrated transmission is 88.4%. As can be seen from Table l, in the first exemplary particle size and concentration, by maintaining a constant mean particle diameter (2.4 micrometers), standard deviation (0.24 micrometers) and particle concentration (0.2%), while changing the refractive index of the light diffusing particles from 1.49 to 1.43, the integrated reflection increases from 9.8% to 9.9%, the integrated transmission diminishes from 88.3%
to 87.8%. In the second exemplary particle size and concentration, by maintaining a constant mean particle diameter (2.4 micrometers), standard deviation (0.24 micrometers) and particle concentration (2.2%), while changing the refractive index of the light diffusing particles from 1.49 to 1.43, the integrated reflection increases from 11.0% to 16.5% and the integrated transmission diminishes from 86.3% to 78.9%. Thus, lowering the refractive index of the added particulate matter from 1.49 to 1.43 relative to that of polycarbonate film refractive index of 1.59 reduces transmission and increases the reflection of light through the polycarbonate film.
As can also be seen from Table 1, by increasing the light diffusing particle concentration from 0.2% to 2.2% for a given particle type, where the refractive index of the light diffusing particles is constant, the haze for PMMA increases from 34% to 98% while for TOSPEARLOO the haze increases from 44% to 99%. Thus, increasing the concentration of the light diffusing particles increases the haze of the polycarbonate film. In summary, Table 1 illustrates that PMMA is a good candidate for use as the added light diffusing particles because its addition to the polycarbonate film has the minimal reduction in the integrated transmission from 88.4% to 86.3%
while at the same time achieving a percent haze value of 98%.
G
Table 1 Light RefractiveParticle ParticleIntegratedIntegratedHaze Size Diffusing Index (diameter Conc. ReflectionTransmission (h) in (%) Material micrometers) (%) (%) (weight %) None 1.59 0.0% 9.7% 88.4% 0%
PMMA 1.49 2.4 0.2% 9.8% 88.3% 34%
PMMA 1.49 2.4 2.2% 11.0% 86.3% 98%
TOSPEARLOO 1.43 2.4 0.2% 9.9% 87.8% 44%
TOSPEARLOO 1.43 2.4 2.2% 16.5% 78.9% 99%
Referring now to Figures 5 and 6 experimental results for predicted vs measured percent transmission of light and percent haze are shown. In Figure 5 the PMMA
particles (D) and the TOSPEARLOO particles (o) show a reasonably good equivalence between the measured and predicted transmission values.
In Figure 6, the predicted and measured percent haze is calculated from Total Diffuse Ti°ansrnission %Haze =100 ~c ' ( 1 ) Total Ti°aftsrnissio~
where total transmission is the integrated transmission and the diffuse transmission is the light transmission that is scattered by the film as defined by ASTM D
1003. As seen in Figure 6, the PMMA particles (4) show a reasonably good equivalence between the measured and predicted values of percent haze, whereas the TOSPEARL ~z particles (o) show a very near or substantial equivalence between the measured and predicted values of percent haze. However, as noted above in Table 1, TOSPEARLO shows a higher integrated reflection for both particle size distributions than that of PMMA. Thus, for applications that require higher reflection TOSPEARLOO may be preferred.
Figure 7 is a graphical representation of the experimental measured percent transmission of light through a polycarbonate film relative to their measured percent haze thereof for matte surface (~) and polished surface (~) PMMA particles and polished surface (o) TOSPEARLOO particles distributed in the polycarbonate film.
The refractive index difference between the polycarbonate film and the PMMA
particles is about 0.1, which is optimum for high haze and high transmission values.
However, the refractive index difference between the polycarbonate film and the TOSPEARL a0 particles is about 0.16 which is larger than that between PMMA and the polycarbonate, leading to lower transmissions for the high haze samples. W
Figure 7, several of the PMMA particles (both matte and polished surfaces) show a transmission of greater than 90% and a haze of greater than 80% by controlling the particle concentration, while no TOSPEARLOO particles have a transmission of greater than 90% even for particles with a haze of greater than 80% even by controlling particle concentration. Figure 7 also shows data indicating PMMA polished and silicone polished particles having a transmittance of about 91 % and a haze of about 15%. The aforesaid matte and polished surfaces are defined by gloss values according to ASTM standard D523 where the polished surface has a gloss value of over 90 and a matte surface has a gloss value of under 50.
Figure 9 is a graphical representation of the measured percent transmission of light through a 0.178 mm thick polycarbonate film vs the measured percent haze thereof for PMMA and TOSPEARL Iz particles distributed in a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material according to particle concentration and mean diameter size. In Figure 9, for PMMA particles, by increasing the particle concentration from 0.2% to 2.2%, while maintaining the mean particle size at either 2.4 micrometers or 5.0 micrometers, the transmission increased, or only decreased slightly, with an increase in haze. In particular, a PMMA particle concentration of 2.2% and a mean particle size of 2.4 micrometers (~), or a PMMA particle concentration of 2.2% and 5.0 micrometers (~) possesses a measured haze of greater than 80% and a measured transmission of greater than 90%. In contrast, fox TOSPEARLO particles, by increasing the particle concentration from 0.2% to 2.2%, while maintaining the mean particle size at either 2.0 micrometers or 4.5 micrometers, the transmission decreased, even though there was an increase in haze. However, a TOSPEARLO particle concentration of 2.2%
and a mean particle size of 4.5 micrometers (1), possesses a measured haze of greater than 80% though still possessing a measured transmission of greater than 89%.
Also seen in Figure 9 is data indicating a TOSPEARLOO concentration of about 0.2%
and a 4.5 micrometer size having a haze of about 15% and a transmittance of about 91%, as well as a PMMA concentration of 0.2% and 5.0 micrometer size having a haze of about 17% and a transmittance of about 91 %.
Figures 7 and 9 thus show that PMMA particles (with both matte and polished surfaces) suspended in a polycarbonate film at a selected particle concentration of about 2.2% and a mean particle size of either 2.4 micrometers or 5.0 micrometers are a good candidate for effecting the necessary light diffusion properties in display devices.
Thus, based upon the foregoing description a bulk light diffuser as a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material or optical substrate has been described comprising about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of a polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight of light diffusing particles, based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles. Other components may be present in the polycarbonate compositions in minor amounts, as long as such components do not adversely affect the physical properties of the composition, such that the bulls light diffuser consists essentially of the polycarbonate and the light diffusing particles.
Preferably the light diffusing particles comprise a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate), hydrolyzed poly(methyl trialkoxysilane), and mixtures thereof. The sheet material has a percent transmittance of at least 70%
and a haze of at least 10% measured according to ASTM standard D 1003-00.
The description of the invention herein discloses a polymer particle concentration p, a sheet material thickness, t, and a mean particle size, s, to achieve a preferred sheet material having optical properties of at least 70% transmission and at least 10% haze, a more preferred sheet material having optical properties of at least 90%
transmission and at least 80% haze, and a most preferred sheet material having optical properties of at least 90% transmission and at least 90% haze, for a polymer such as a poly(acrylate), a poly(alkyl methacrylate), a hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilane), or a mixture thereof, wherein alkyl is defined as C~-C~Z alkyl, and the particles are suspended within a polycarbonate. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aforesaid particle concentration p, sheet material thiclcness, t, and mean particle size, s, can be manipulated either separately or in combination so as to achieve the preferred, more preferred and most preferred transmission and haze.
Embodiments of the bulk light diffuser material as a polycarbonate film or optical sheet material have been described with respect to backlight displays or the like.
Such bulk diffusion may also be attained by adding the light diffusion particles to either the upper or lower substrate containing liquid crystal material, or both in an LCD. This can result in increased view angle and decreased artifacts from pixel boundaries. The bulk diffusion of light may also be accomplished by adding the light diffusion particles to the reflective surface 106 positioned along the light guide 104 or to the light guide 104 in an edge-lit backlight or frontlight assembly. The optical sheet material can replace surface texture type of diffusers in existing backlight devices or may be included in such diffusers as well as in brightness enhancement films or light turning films.
Any references to first, second, etc. or to front and back, right and left, top and bottom, upper and lower, horizontal and vertical, or any other similar type of designation indicating a relative position between two or more quantities or objects are, unless noted otherwise, intended for convenience of description, not to limit the present invention or its components to any one positional or spatial orientation. All dimensions of the components in the attached Figures can vary with a potential design and the intended use of an embodiment without departing from the scope of the invention.
While the invention has been described with reference to several embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (30)
1.A bulk light diffuser material comprising:
about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of a polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight of light diffusing particles (128), based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and of the light diffusing particles (128);
wherein the bulk light diffuser material has a percent transmittance of at least 70%
and a haze of at least 10% measured according to ASTM standard D 1003-00.
about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of a polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight of light diffusing particles (128), based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and of the light diffusing particles (128);
wherein the bulk light diffuser material has a percent transmittance of at least 70%
and a haze of at least 10% measured according to ASTM standard D 1003-00.
2.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise a poly(acrylate), a poly(alkyl methacrylate), a poly(tetrafluoroethylene), a silicone, zinc, antimony, titanium, barium or mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have one to about twelve carbon atoms.
3.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise a poly(acrylate), a poly(alkyl methacrylate), a poly(tetrafluoroethylene), a silicone or mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have one to about twelve carbon atoms.
4.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 2 wherein the poly(alkyl methacrylate) comprises poly(methyl methacrylate).
5.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 2 wherein the silicone comprises hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilane).
6.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise zinc, antimony, titanium, barium or mixtures thereof.
7.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise zinc, antimony, titanium, barium or oxides or sulfides thereof.
8.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 3 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) have a mean particle size of about 1.0 micrometer to about 10.0 micrometers.
9.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 3, wherein the light diffusing particles (128) are present in an amount of about 2.2% to about 2.5%.
10.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 1 wherein the bulk light diffuser material is in the form of a film or sheet.
11.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 10 wherein the film or sheet material has a thickness of about 0.025 mm to about 0.5 mm.
12.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 3 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) have a gloss value according to ASTM standard D523 of less than about 50.
13.The bulk light diffuser material as set forth in Claim 3 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) have a gloss value according to ASTM standard D523 of greater than about 90.
14.A backlight display device (100) comprising:
an optical source (102) for generating light (116);
a light guide (104) for guiding the light (116) therealong;
a reflective device (106) positioned along the light guide (104) for reflecting the light (116) out of the light guide (104); and a bulk light diffuser material receptive of the light (116) from the light guide (104), the bulk light diffuser material comprising:
about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of a polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight of light diffusing particles (128), based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and of the light diffusing particles (128);
wherein the bulk light diffuser material has a percent transmittance of at least 70%
and a haze of at least 10% measured according to ASTM standard D 1003-00.
an optical source (102) for generating light (116);
a light guide (104) for guiding the light (116) therealong;
a reflective device (106) positioned along the light guide (104) for reflecting the light (116) out of the light guide (104); and a bulk light diffuser material receptive of the light (116) from the light guide (104), the bulk light diffuser material comprising:
about 95 to about 99.8 percent by weight of a polycarbonate and about 0.2 to about 5 percent by weight of light diffusing particles (128), based on the total weight of the polycarbonate and of the light diffusing particles (128);
wherein the bulk light diffuser material has a percent transmittance of at least 70%
and a haze of at least 10% measured according to ASTM standard D 1003-00.
15.The backlight display device (100), as set forth in Claim 14 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise a poly(acrylate), a poly(alkyl methacrylate), a poly(tetrafluoroethylene), a silicone, zinc, antimony, titanium, barium or mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have one to about twelve carbon atoms.
16.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 14 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise a poly(acrylate), a poly(alkyl methacrylate), a poly(tetrafluoroethylene), a silicone or mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have one to about twelve carbon atoms.
17.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 15 wherein the poly(alkyl methacrylate) comprises poly(methyl methacrylate).
18.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 15 wherein the silicone comprises hydrolyzed poly(alkyl trialkoxysilane).
19.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 14 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise zinc, antimony, titanium, barium or mixtures thereof.
20.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 14 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) comprise zinc, antimony, titanium, barium or oxides or sulfides thereof.
21.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 16 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) have a mean particle size of about 1.0 micrometer to about 10.0 micrometers.
22.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 16, wherein the light diffusing particles (128) are present in an amount of about 2.2% to about 2.5%.
23.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 14 wherein the bulk light diffuser material is in the form of a film or sheet.
24.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 23 wherein the film or sheet material has a thickness of about 0.025 mm to about 0.5 mm.
25.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 16 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) have a gloss value according to ASTM standard D523 of less than about 50.
26.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 16 wherein the light diffusing particles (128) have a gloss value according to ASTM standard D523 of greater than about 90.
27.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 23 wherein the film or sheet includes a prismatic surface (112).
28.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 23 wherein the film or sheet includes a planar surface (110).
29.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 27 wherein the prismatic surface (112) includes a prism structure having a peak angle, .alpha., a height, h, a pitch, p, and a length, l.
30.The backlight display device (100) as set forth in Claim 29 wherein the prism structure is at least psuedo-randomized in peak angle, .alpha., height, h, pitch, p, and length, l.
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US10/065,319 US6908202B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Bulk diffuser for flat panel display |
US10/065,319 | 2002-10-03 | ||
PCT/US2003/024843 WO2004034136A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-07-29 | Bulk diffuser for flat panel display |
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CA2501163A1 true CA2501163A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
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CA002501163A Abandoned CA2501163A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-07-29 | Bulk diffuser for flat panel display |
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EP (1) | EP1549996B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006502442A (en) |
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2002
- 2002-10-03 US US10/065,319 patent/US6908202B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-07-29 AT AT03808056T patent/ATE449980T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2003-07-29 WO PCT/US2003/024843 patent/WO2004034136A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-29 CN CNA038254735A patent/CN1703651A/en active Pending
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- 2003-07-29 EP EP03808056A patent/EP1549996B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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AU2003259067A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1549996A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
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