CA2503394A1 - Temperature limited heaters for heating subsurface formations or wellbores - Google Patents

Temperature limited heaters for heating subsurface formations or wellbores Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2503394A1
CA2503394A1 CA002503394A CA2503394A CA2503394A1 CA 2503394 A1 CA2503394 A1 CA 2503394A1 CA 002503394 A CA002503394 A CA 002503394A CA 2503394 A CA2503394 A CA 2503394A CA 2503394 A1 CA2503394 A1 CA 2503394A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
electrically resistive
ferromagnetic material
electrical conductors
heat
subsurface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002503394A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2503394C (en
Inventor
Harold J. Vinegar
Chester Ledlie Sandberg
Christopher Kelvin Harris
Jaime Santos Son
James Louis Menotti
Frederick Gordon Carl, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Canada Ltd
Original Assignee
Shell Canada Limited
Harold J. Vinegar
Chester Ledlie Sandberg
Christopher Kelvin Harris
Jaime Santos Son
James Louis Menotti
Frederick Gordon Carl, Jr.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Canada Limited, Harold J. Vinegar, Chester Ledlie Sandberg, Christopher Kelvin Harris, Jaime Santos Son, James Louis Menotti, Frederick Gordon Carl, Jr. filed Critical Shell Canada Limited
Publication of CA2503394A1 publication Critical patent/CA2503394A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2503394C publication Critical patent/CA2503394C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/008—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using chemical heat generating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/02—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using burners
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons

Abstract

A method described includes applying an alternating electrical current to one or more electrical conductors (112). The electrical conductors may be located in a subsurface or a subsurface wellbore. The electrical conductors may provide an electrically resistive heat output upon application of the alternating electrical current. At least one of the electrical conductors may include an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material. The electrically resistive ferromagnetic material may provide a reduced amount of heat above or near a selected temperature. Heat may be allowed to transfer from the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material to a part of the subsurface or the subsurface wellbore.

Claims (36)

1. A method for heating a subsurface or a subsurface wellbore, comprising:
applying an alternating electrical current to one or more electrical conductors located in the subsurface or the subsurface wellbore to provide an electrically resistive heat output, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material that provides heat when alternating current flows through the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, and wherein the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material provides a reduced amount of heat above or near a selected temperature and wherein an AC resistance of such electrical conductors above or near the selected temperature is about 80% or less of the AC resistance of such electrical conductors at about 50°C below the selected temperature; and allowing the heat to transfer from the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material to a part of the subsurface or a part of the subsurface wellbore.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, alone or in combination with a more highly electrically conductive material coupled to the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, automatically provides the reduced amount of heat above or near the selected temperature.
3. The method of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, alone or in combination with a more highly electrically conductive material coupled to the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, automatically provides a selected reduced amount of heat above or near the selected temperature.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an alternating current resistance of the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material decreases above the selected temperature to provide the reduced amount of heat.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a thickness of the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material is greater than about %, 1, or 1 1/2 of a skin depth of the alternating current at the Curie temperature of the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the selected temperature is approximately the Curie temperature of the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising allowing the heat to transfer from the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material to a part of a hydrocarbon containing formation.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising allowing the heat to transfer from the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material to a part of a hydrocarbon containing formation to pyrolyze at least some hydrocarbons in the formation.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising providing one or both of the following: an electrically resistive heat output below the selected temperature of greater than about 400 watts per meter; or a reduced amount of heat output of less than about 400 watts per meter above or near the selected temperature.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising controlling the amount of alternating current applied to the electrical conductors to control the amount of heat provided by the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material.
11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the alternating current comprises an alternating current of at least about 70 amps, or at least about 100 amps.
12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising applying the alternating current at a frequency between about 100 Hz and about 600 Hz or a frequency of about 150 Hz, 180 Hz, or 3 times the line frequency at a geographic location.
13. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising applying the alternating current at a voltage above about 650 volts.
14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising providing a relatively constant heat output in a temperature range between about 100°C and 750°C, or in a temperature range between about 300°C and 600°C.
15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising controlling a skin depth in the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material by controlling a frequency of the applied alternating current.
16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising increasing the alternating current applied to at least one of the electrical conductors as the temperature of such electrical conductors increases, and continuing to do so until the temperature is at or near the selected temperature.
17. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising allowing the heat to transfer from at least one of the electrical conductors to a part of a hydrocarbon containing formation, and producing at least some hydrocarbons from the formation.
18. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising providing heat from at least one of the electrical conductors to fluids in the wellbore.
19. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising providing a heat output from at least one of the electrical conductors, wherein such electrical conductors are configured to provide a reduced heat output above or near the selected temperature that is about 20% or less of the heat output at about 50°C below the selected temperature.
20. A system configured for heating a subsurface or a subsurface wellbore using the method of any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising:
one or more electrical conductors configured to be located in the subsurface or the subsurface wellbore, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material configured to provide an electrically resistive heat output upon application of an alternating current to the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material, and wherein the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material is further configured to provide a reduced amount of heat above or near a selected temperature upon application of the alternating current to the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the system comprises three or more electrical conductors, and wherein at least three of the electrical conductors are coupled in a three-phase electrical configuration.
22. The system of any one of claims 20 to 21, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors exhibits an increase in operating temperature of less than about 1.5°C
above or near a selected operating temperature when a thermal load proximate such electrical conductor decreases by about 1 watt per meter.
23. The system of any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors provides a reduced heat output above or near the selected temperature that is about 20% or less of the heat output at about 50°C below the selected temperature.
24. The system of any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein an AC resistance of at least one of the electrical conductors above or near the selected temperature is about 80% or less of an AC resistance at about 50°C below the selected temperature.
25. The system of any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the at least one electrical conductor comprising electrically resistive ferromagnetic material comprises a turndown ratio of at least about 2 to 1.
26. The system of any one of claims 20 to 25, wherein the system comprises two or more electrical conductors and an electrically insulating material placed between at least two of the electrical conductors.
27. The system of any one of claims 20 to 26, wherein the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material comprises iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, tungsten, or a mixture thereof.
28. The system of any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material is coupled to a highly electrically conductive material.
29. The system of any one of claims 20 to 28, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors is longer than about 10 m.
30. A method comprising:
coupling one or more electrical conductors to form the system of any one of claims 20 to 29 such that the system is configured to provide the reduced heat output above or near the selected temperature.
31. A method for installing the system of any one of claims 20 to 29, comprising:
placing the electrical conductors in the wellbore.
32. A method for installing the system of any one of claims 20 to 29, comprising:
forming the wellbore in a subsurface formation;
and placing the electrical conductors in the wellbore in the formation.
33. A heater for use in any of the methods of any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising:
an electrical conductor that provides the electrically resistive heat output during application of alternating electrical current to the electrical conductor, wherein the electrical conductor comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material at least partially surrounding a non-ferromagnetic material such that the heater provides the reduced amount of heat above or near a selected temperature;
an electrical insulator at least partially surrounding the electrical conductor; and a covering or sheath at least partially surrounding the electrical insulator.
34. A heater for using the method of any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising:
an electrical conductor that provides the electrically resistive heat output during application of alternating electrical current to the electrical conductor, wherein the electrical conductor comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material at least partially surrounding a non-ferromagnetic material such that the heater provides the reduced amount of heat above or near a selected temperature;
a conduit at least partially surrounding the electrical conductor; and a centralizer configured to maintain a separation distance between the electrical conductor and the conduit.
35. A method for heating a subsurface or a subsurface wellbore, comprising:
applying an alternating electrical current at a frequency between about 100 Hz and about 600 Hz or a frequency of about 150 Hz, 180 Hz, or 3 times the line frequency at a geographic location to one or more electrical conductors located in the subsurface or the subsurface wellbore to provide an electrically resistive heat output, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material that provides heat when alternating current flows through the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material; and allowing the heat to transfer from the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material to a part of the subsurface or a part of the subsurface wellbore.
36. A method for heating a subsurface or a subsurface wellbore, comprising:
applying an alternating electrical current at a voltage above about 650 volts to one or more electrical conductors located in the subsurface or the subsurface wellbore to provide an electrically resistive heat output, wherein at least one of the electrical conductors comprises an electrically resistive ferromagnetic material that provides heat when alternating current flows through the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material; and allowing the heat to transfer from the electrically resistive ferromagnetic material to a part of the subsurface or a part of the subsurface wellbore.
CA2503394A 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Temperature limited heaters for heating subsurface formations or wellbores Expired - Fee Related CA2503394C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42083502P 2002-10-24 2002-10-24
US60/420,835 2002-10-24
US46527903P 2003-04-24 2003-04-24
US60/465,279 2003-04-24
PCT/US2003/033851 WO2004038173A1 (en) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Temperature limited heaters for heating subsurface formations or wellbores

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2503394A1 true CA2503394A1 (en) 2004-05-06
CA2503394C CA2503394C (en) 2011-06-14

Family

ID=32179821

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2502882A Expired - Fee Related CA2502882C (en) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Inhibiting wellbore deformation during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation
CA2503394A Expired - Fee Related CA2503394C (en) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Temperature limited heaters for heating subsurface formations or wellbores
CA2502843A Expired - Fee Related CA2502843C (en) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Staged and/or patterned heating during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2502882A Expired - Fee Related CA2502882C (en) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Inhibiting wellbore deformation during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2502843A Expired - Fee Related CA2502843C (en) 2002-10-24 2003-10-24 Staged and/or patterned heating during in situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (9) US7219734B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1556580A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003285008B2 (en)
CA (3) CA2502882C (en)
EA (1) EA009586B1 (en)
IL (1) IL168125A (en)
WO (3) WO2004038174A2 (en)

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US8224163B2 (en) 2012-07-17

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