CA2520914C - Kiln with process water evaporation system - Google Patents
Kiln with process water evaporation system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2520914C CA2520914C CA2520914A CA2520914A CA2520914C CA 2520914 C CA2520914 C CA 2520914C CA 2520914 A CA2520914 A CA 2520914A CA 2520914 A CA2520914 A CA 2520914A CA 2520914 C CA2520914 C CA 2520914C
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- evaporation
- kiln
- chamber
- interior space
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
- F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber
Abstract
A process and apparatus for drying a stack of lumber, wherein the drying comprises a condensation collection device (50) for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space (12); and an evaporation system (70) for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space. Process water or effluent discharge from the drying process is reduced or eliminated.
Description
KILN WITH PROCESS WATER EVAPORATION SYSTEM
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of kiln systems and, more particularly to a kiln chamber for drying h.unber that has little or no process water waste. As discussed below, an embodiment of the present invention is a kiln system that does not pollute the enviroiunent with the production and discharge of liquid waste.
Background of the Invention Lumber that has recently been cut contains a relatively large percentage of water and is referred to as green lumber. Prior to being used in applications that demand good grades of lumber, the green lumber must be dried. Drying removes a large aniount of water from the luinber and significantly reduces the potential for the luinber to become warped or cracked. Although luinber may be dried in ambient air, kiln drying accelerates and provides increased control over the drying process.
Many manufacttiring processes involve the use of water, if only for cooling purposes. Water that comes into contact with manufacturing processes is, with few exceptions, considered by enviroiunental regulatory agencies to be "Process Water".
Process water is considered to be contaminated as a result of its contact with the manufactLUing process. By regulation, process water, inust not be allowed to drain freely away, thereby containinating streams, watercourses, etc. The costs associated with conventional collection and treatment metllods discourage compliance on the part of originators. More originators of process water exist than regulatory officials einpowered to ensure coinpliance. Much process water is thus therefore allowed to escape and to detrimentally iinpact the enviromnent.
Additionally, the water removed from the wood may eventually reach the point of saturating the space within the chamber with water vapor, at which point, the drying process would come to a halt, or at least be slowed considerably. By cooling the water vapor and condensing it into liquid water, the water vapor pressure in the chainber is kept below the saturation point, thereby continuing the evaporation of water from the wood, and avoiding the condensation of water on the wood. Many prior art kilns have mechanisms to remove excess condensation.
For example, in US 4,343,095 to Rosen et al., water that accu.mulates on the bottom if the drying chamber from condensation of steam or from free water being forced out of the ends of the boards by internal pressure in the wood, is periodically ejected from the dryer.
In US 5,595,000 to Goodwin, III, coils are used to control condensation. The air passing through the coil is cooled to well below the dew point which causes a condensation of moisture onto coil. The moisture condensed on coil is removed from the kiln by the condensate removal system.
U.S. 4,620,373 to Laskpwski et al. discloses a kiln that has evaporator hoses that condense the moisttue that is removed from the wood into water, which is removed from the chamber into a storage taillc by a puinp.
U.S. 3,986,268 to Koppelman discloses a kiln that comprises a shroud or jacket to collect condensate. The condensate exits the tai-Ac tlhrough a drain at the bottom of the tai-Ac.
While care has been talcen to control and/or remove condensation in and surrounding the kiln chamber, such measures do not address the problem of waste water or process water.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of kiln systems and, more particularly to a kiln chamber for drying h.unber that has little or no process water waste. As discussed below, an embodiment of the present invention is a kiln system that does not pollute the enviroiunent with the production and discharge of liquid waste.
Background of the Invention Lumber that has recently been cut contains a relatively large percentage of water and is referred to as green lumber. Prior to being used in applications that demand good grades of lumber, the green lumber must be dried. Drying removes a large aniount of water from the luinber and significantly reduces the potential for the luinber to become warped or cracked. Although luinber may be dried in ambient air, kiln drying accelerates and provides increased control over the drying process.
Many manufacttiring processes involve the use of water, if only for cooling purposes. Water that comes into contact with manufacturing processes is, with few exceptions, considered by enviroiunental regulatory agencies to be "Process Water".
Process water is considered to be contaminated as a result of its contact with the manufactLUing process. By regulation, process water, inust not be allowed to drain freely away, thereby containinating streams, watercourses, etc. The costs associated with conventional collection and treatment metllods discourage compliance on the part of originators. More originators of process water exist than regulatory officials einpowered to ensure coinpliance. Much process water is thus therefore allowed to escape and to detrimentally iinpact the enviromnent.
Additionally, the water removed from the wood may eventually reach the point of saturating the space within the chamber with water vapor, at which point, the drying process would come to a halt, or at least be slowed considerably. By cooling the water vapor and condensing it into liquid water, the water vapor pressure in the chainber is kept below the saturation point, thereby continuing the evaporation of water from the wood, and avoiding the condensation of water on the wood. Many prior art kilns have mechanisms to remove excess condensation.
For example, in US 4,343,095 to Rosen et al., water that accu.mulates on the bottom if the drying chamber from condensation of steam or from free water being forced out of the ends of the boards by internal pressure in the wood, is periodically ejected from the dryer.
In US 5,595,000 to Goodwin, III, coils are used to control condensation. The air passing through the coil is cooled to well below the dew point which causes a condensation of moisture onto coil. The moisture condensed on coil is removed from the kiln by the condensate removal system.
U.S. 4,620,373 to Laskpwski et al. discloses a kiln that has evaporator hoses that condense the moisttue that is removed from the wood into water, which is removed from the chamber into a storage taillc by a puinp.
U.S. 3,986,268 to Koppelman discloses a kiln that comprises a shroud or jacket to collect condensate. The condensate exits the tai-Ac tlhrough a drain at the bottom of the tai-Ac.
While care has been talcen to control and/or remove condensation in and surrounding the kiln chamber, such measures do not address the problem of waste water or process water.
To overcome the above problems of properly dealing with and disposing of process water, waste water and/or condensation, the present inventors have proposed a method in which the vohune of process water produced during a manufacturing process can be drastically reduced or eliminated.
SLunmary and Objects of the Invention Generally spealcing, the present invention relates to an apparatus that may be used to dry luinber that greatly reduces or essentially eliminates the process water (effluent).
In one einbodiment of the present invention, latent heat of the manufacturing process can be used, completely and cost-effectively evaporate the collected effluent while remaining within the confines of existing goveriunental air quality permitting restrictions.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the methods of capturing and evaporating effluent is adapted to other manufacturing processes in addition to the metllods of drying disclosed herein. For example, industries that utilize bot11 heat and water in their manufacturing processes may benefit from the present invention.
The manufacture of steel, aluminum, copper, brass, plastics, synthetic rubber, as well as any of these or similar materials which may be subsequently molded, formed, pressed, machined, cured, baked, dried, etc. are examples. The food processing industry, pulp and paper manufacttuing, power generation, glass manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, etc. are fiu-ther examples.
The process of the present invention will fiuiction in cross-discipline applications as well. That is, the latent heat used to evaporate the process water need not necessarily be that heat involved in the origination of the process water.
A user of the present invention can receive process water from any on-site permitted source and evaporate that water via the latent heat generated in a separate, on-site process.
Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention is a dry kiln system for drying a stack of h.unber. This system comprises at least one kiln chamber defining a chainber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying.
This systein may comprise one, two, three or more of such chambers. Typically a kiln has one chamber. Thus, embodiments may include multiple kiln chainbers that are part of multiple kilns. The system of this einbodiment includes a chamber heating source capable of providing heated air; an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space; a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space; and an evaporation system for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a process for drying h.unber.
This process may comprise the steps of providing a kiln system. This kiln system may be any kiln system disclosed herein that includes an evaporation system of the present invention. In this einbodiment, the kiln system includes a chamber interior space for receiving a quantity of stacked lumber; a chainber heating source for heating the air within the structure for drying the lumber; and a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space. The steps of this process include placing a quantity of stacked wet/green lumber within the chamber interior surface;
circulating heated air within the chamber interior surface and about the stacked luinber to dry the luinber and cause liquid in the wet lumber to escape as vapor;
collecting liquid from condensed vapor in the chamber interior surface; and evaporating said liquid to prevent effluent liquid discharge into the environment.
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for drying green luinber witli reduced discharge of liquid pollutants such as process water to the enviroiunent.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for the drying of green lumber with essentially no discharge of liquid pollutants such as process water to the environment.
These and other embodiments will be apparent fiom the description of the present invention and the claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a partially schematic, partially cut away pictorial view of the portions of a conventional kiln system. The system depicted here can be adapted for use with the present invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagrain showing a kiln system of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a kiln system of the present invention that comprises two kiln, each of wliich have a chainber defining an interior space that is used for drying green lumber.
Figure 4,is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this einbodiment the process water is directed back to a kiln chamber for evaporation.
SLunmary and Objects of the Invention Generally spealcing, the present invention relates to an apparatus that may be used to dry luinber that greatly reduces or essentially eliminates the process water (effluent).
In one einbodiment of the present invention, latent heat of the manufacturing process can be used, completely and cost-effectively evaporate the collected effluent while remaining within the confines of existing goveriunental air quality permitting restrictions.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the methods of capturing and evaporating effluent is adapted to other manufacturing processes in addition to the metllods of drying disclosed herein. For example, industries that utilize bot11 heat and water in their manufacturing processes may benefit from the present invention.
The manufacture of steel, aluminum, copper, brass, plastics, synthetic rubber, as well as any of these or similar materials which may be subsequently molded, formed, pressed, machined, cured, baked, dried, etc. are examples. The food processing industry, pulp and paper manufacttuing, power generation, glass manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, etc. are fiu-ther examples.
The process of the present invention will fiuiction in cross-discipline applications as well. That is, the latent heat used to evaporate the process water need not necessarily be that heat involved in the origination of the process water.
A user of the present invention can receive process water from any on-site permitted source and evaporate that water via the latent heat generated in a separate, on-site process.
Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention is a dry kiln system for drying a stack of h.unber. This system comprises at least one kiln chamber defining a chainber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying.
This systein may comprise one, two, three or more of such chambers. Typically a kiln has one chamber. Thus, embodiments may include multiple kiln chainbers that are part of multiple kilns. The system of this einbodiment includes a chamber heating source capable of providing heated air; an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space; a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space; and an evaporation system for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a process for drying h.unber.
This process may comprise the steps of providing a kiln system. This kiln system may be any kiln system disclosed herein that includes an evaporation system of the present invention. In this einbodiment, the kiln system includes a chamber interior space for receiving a quantity of stacked lumber; a chainber heating source for heating the air within the structure for drying the lumber; and a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space. The steps of this process include placing a quantity of stacked wet/green lumber within the chamber interior surface;
circulating heated air within the chamber interior surface and about the stacked luinber to dry the luinber and cause liquid in the wet lumber to escape as vapor;
collecting liquid from condensed vapor in the chamber interior surface; and evaporating said liquid to prevent effluent liquid discharge into the environment.
An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for drying green luinber witli reduced discharge of liquid pollutants such as process water to the enviroiunent.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for the drying of green lumber with essentially no discharge of liquid pollutants such as process water to the environment.
These and other embodiments will be apparent fiom the description of the present invention and the claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a partially schematic, partially cut away pictorial view of the portions of a conventional kiln system. The system depicted here can be adapted for use with the present invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagrain showing a kiln system of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a block diagram showing a kiln system of the present invention that comprises two kiln, each of wliich have a chainber defining an interior space that is used for drying green lumber.
Figure 4,is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this einbodiment the process water is directed back to a kiln chamber for evaporation.
Figure 5 is anotlzer einbodiment that, like the einbodiment of Figure 3, comprises two kilns. These kilns have the process water piunped back into their interior chainber for evaporation.
FigLUe 6 shows a dry kiln floor and piping layout that is an exainple of the present invention.
Figure 7 shows an example of a flow control schematic of a kiln condensate evaporator or evaporation tuiit that can be used in conjunction with an exainple of a kiln of the present invention depicted in Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a cross section along the line 8-8 in Figure 6, and depicts examples of sedimentation and pump chambers that may be used with a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in Figure 6.
Figure 9 is a cross section along the line 9-9 in Figure 6, and depicts exainples of drain, concrete floor and footings that may be used witll a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in FigLUe 6.
Figure 10 is a cross section along the line 10-10 in Figure 6, and depicts an example of a system return device that may be used with a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in Figure 6.
Figure 11 is a cross section along the line 11-11 in Figure 6, and depicts an example of a floor and drain layout that may be used with a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in Figure 6.
FigLUe 6 shows a dry kiln floor and piping layout that is an exainple of the present invention.
Figure 7 shows an example of a flow control schematic of a kiln condensate evaporator or evaporation tuiit that can be used in conjunction with an exainple of a kiln of the present invention depicted in Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a cross section along the line 8-8 in Figure 6, and depicts examples of sedimentation and pump chambers that may be used with a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in Figure 6.
Figure 9 is a cross section along the line 9-9 in Figure 6, and depicts exainples of drain, concrete floor and footings that may be used witll a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in FigLUe 6.
Figure 10 is a cross section along the line 10-10 in Figure 6, and depicts an example of a system return device that may be used with a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in Figure 6.
Figure 11 is a cross section along the line 11-11 in Figure 6, and depicts an example of a floor and drain layout that may be used with a kiln of the present invention, particularly the example depicted in Figure 6.
Detailed Description of the Invention The invention was developed originally to address the needs of the lumber manufacturing industry. As stated above, a problem facing the industry is proper disposal of dry kiln condensate. The present inventors discovered they could evaporate all condensate generated and have excess capacity which may be used to dispose of process water from other sources, saw boxes, etc., as well.
Figure 1 illustrates certain aspects of an example of a conventional kiln 10.
The conventional kiln 10 includes, or defines, a kiln chamber 12. This chamber receives luinber 5 to be dried. As with most conventional kilns, the kiln chainber is generally a rectangular building that could be at least partially sealed to control the amount of air that is introduced to and exhausted from the chamber 12. Hot air is provided by a heat source 15, which may a fiirnace. Hot air from the heat source 15 is forced through an air flow source 20 or inlet duct 20 to a plenum 23 that is typically positioned in an upper portion of the kiln chamber 12. The hot air is discharged from the plenum 23 to the interior of the kiln chamber 12 through inultiple outlets 24.
These outlets are typical to find in the top panel of the plenum. Usually the air flow source 20 comprises multiple, reversible fans 22 to help accommodate heat air flow throughout the lumber. When the lumber has reached an adequate drying point, the kiln chainber is opened and the luinber is removed from the chamber. While conventional kiln systems such as the type illustrated in Figure 1 are functional, the drawback is that they are not equipped to handle the discharge of excess water from the drying lumber.
Figure 1 illustrates certain aspects of an example of a conventional kiln 10.
The conventional kiln 10 includes, or defines, a kiln chamber 12. This chamber receives luinber 5 to be dried. As with most conventional kilns, the kiln chainber is generally a rectangular building that could be at least partially sealed to control the amount of air that is introduced to and exhausted from the chamber 12. Hot air is provided by a heat source 15, which may a fiirnace. Hot air from the heat source 15 is forced through an air flow source 20 or inlet duct 20 to a plenum 23 that is typically positioned in an upper portion of the kiln chamber 12. The hot air is discharged from the plenum 23 to the interior of the kiln chamber 12 through inultiple outlets 24.
These outlets are typical to find in the top panel of the plenum. Usually the air flow source 20 comprises multiple, reversible fans 22 to help accommodate heat air flow throughout the lumber. When the lumber has reached an adequate drying point, the kiln chainber is opened and the luinber is removed from the chamber. While conventional kiln systems such as the type illustrated in Figure 1 are functional, the drawback is that they are not equipped to handle the discharge of excess water from the drying lumber.
An element of our design is to ensure that process water (lciln condensate, etc) is not discharged to the enviroiunent. In certain embodiments, this is accomplished by sloping contact surfaces to central drains, removing sediment in the process, and utilizing gravity wherever possible, transporting collected effluent to remote repositories. Other embodiments include elements to prevent weather induced precipitation, (rain, snow, etc.), from coming into contact with process water. This may be accomplished by sloping process surfaces to drains, outside surfaces slightly away from process areas, and by installing grated trench drains and/or sealed walls at all process/non-process area junctures.
Trees, as is the case with most living things, are coinposed of large percentages of water, often as much as 45% to 50%. The reduction of this percentage to manageable levels (approx. 19% or less) is desired. This water is removed during the kiln drying process. Most, but not all, of this process water is evaporated to atmosphere during the drying process. Once the remaining process water is properly stored, we inust begin to address its disposal.
Air Quality Perinits are required in most locales. Those permits are based in part upon theoretical volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in given volumes of wood, together with anticipated production levels. Testing has shown that actual VOC discharges fall considerably below permitted levels. The reason for this is that not all removed water with its entrained contaminates is evaporated to atmosphere.
Much of this process water condenses on the stufaces of the kilns and becomes process water (dry kiln condensate).
Trees, as is the case with most living things, are coinposed of large percentages of water, often as much as 45% to 50%. The reduction of this percentage to manageable levels (approx. 19% or less) is desired. This water is removed during the kiln drying process. Most, but not all, of this process water is evaporated to atmosphere during the drying process. Once the remaining process water is properly stored, we inust begin to address its disposal.
Air Quality Perinits are required in most locales. Those permits are based in part upon theoretical volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in given volumes of wood, together with anticipated production levels. Testing has shown that actual VOC discharges fall considerably below permitted levels. The reason for this is that not all removed water with its entrained contaminates is evaporated to atmosphere.
Much of this process water condenses on the stufaces of the kilns and becomes process water (dry kiln condensate).
As stated above, at the bottom of the present invention is a dry kiln system for drying a stack of hunber. RefeiTing to Figure 2, this kiln systein coinprises of at least one kiln 10 defining a chainber interior space 12 capable of receiving a stack of lumber. The ltunber may be introduced to the kiln system via tracks or could be inserted by means of a forlc lift type device. The kiln system further coinprises a chamber heating source 15 capable of providing heated air. This heating soLUce may be a furnace that is conventional in the kiln industry. The kiln chamber further comprises an air emitting device 20 capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chainber interior space. This air moving device may comprise air ducts, fans, plenums, etc., all of which are not lcnown to be critical witlz respect to the present invention as long as they can properly fiiuiction in lumber drying techniques.
The kiln 10 comprises a condensation device 50 or moisture collector 50 that assists in collecting liquid such as condensate in the interior chamber space. The system fiirther comprises an evaporation system 70 or evaporation unit 70 for evaporating the collected from the chamber interior space.
In one embodiment, the condensation collection device 50 or moisture collector 50 may be an evaporator coil in the chamber interior space. U.S.
Patent 5,595,000 describes a coil used to control condensation in a kiln. The air passing tluough the coil is cooled well below the dew point which causes a condensation of the moisture onto the coil. The moisture condensed on the coil is removed from the kiln and delivered to the evaporation unit 70. In other embodiments, the evaporator hoses of U.S. 4,620,373 may be used to condense the moisture that is removed from the wood into water. Additionally, the sluoud or jacket of U.S. 3,986,298 may be used to collect excess moisture in the chainber. In one einbodiment of the present invention, the condensation device or moisture collector may comprise a liquid contact surface such as the floor of the kiln chamber. The floor may direct liquid to a drain system, which in turn delivers the liquid to an evaporation unit. In some embodiments, the liquid contact surface may simply be a sloping floor, allowing gravity to assist in delivering the liquid to a drainage system and eventually downstream to the evaporation unit. As its naine implies, the evaporation unit assists in converting the processed water into a vapor which may be discharged into the environment. Typically the evaporation system will comprise an evaporation device heating source, where in the heating source effects evaporation of the liquid in the holding taillc. In some examples, the heating source for the kiln chamber may direct heat or residual heat to the evaporation system to help effect evaporation.
The evaporation unit 70 or evaporation device 70 may coinprise a liquid holding tai-Jc. The processed water may be heated in the liquid holding tanlc to effect evaporation of the liquid in the holding tank.
Additionally, the evaporation device may coinprise a pump to erect the collected water back into the kiln chamber for heating to effect evaporation.
A ptunp chamber 60 may be used to direct flow of the processed water in the kiln system.
As shown in Fig. 3, the kiln system of the present invention may comprise a plurality of kilns 10, each of which define a chainber interior space 12 capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying. The kiln chambers of this embodiment may be the saine or different. Nonetheless, each kiln chainber may be provided with a moisture collector 50 to collect and direct water via a pump chamber 60 to an evaporation unit 70. In this regard, the puinp chamber may direct water to a central evaporation or a central liquid holding taillc which may hold water for more than one kiln chainber, or the pump chainber may direct fluid back into a kiln for evaporation.
In the preferred einbodiment, the pump chamber may be equipped with a control device wliich directs fluid to a.nd from each kiln. The control device would allow an operator to direct the processed water from each kiln chamber into one or more specific locations, such as an individual kiln chamber; multiple kiln chambers, and/or a liquid evaporation unit.
The present invention also comprises a process for drying luinber. This process coinprises providing a kiln system. The kiln system of this embodiment is not lcnown to be critical, as long as it can be equipped with a moisture collector which directs water through a pump chamber to an evaporation device. In the case of using a prior art kiln chamber, the kiln chamber inust also be capable of being equipped witli an evaporation device should the embodiment be used that directs processed water back into the kiln chamber to effect evaporation. The process of this einbodiment also may comprise multiple kilns, and may comprise a control i.ulit in connection with the puinp chamber to direct processed water flow from each kiln chamber to at least one of a kiln chamber, central evaporation unit, multiple evaporation units, or any combination thereof.
The present invention may re-introduce stored process water to the kiln chamber at selected intervals during the drying cycle. This water, formerly steam, is quite warm (typically about 200 degrees F).
In a preferred embodiment, a series of pumps and related valves and controls is used to spread the captured liquid widely and thinly across a sloped concrete floor of the kiln and, utilizing the latent heat of the drying process, fully evaporate that water. Modifications to norinal venting tecluiiques are required, and the process may be coinpletely automated to maximize efficiency of the process.
One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that there are various methods available to re-introduce the process water. Alternatively, the process water can be evaporated by using an additional or ancillary evaporation tank, tray, reservoir, or other device suitable for that purpose.
With respect to the process and apparatus of the present invention, the quality of the luinber is reportedly improved as a result of the conditioning aspects of the late cycle steam introduced to the kilns.
Additionally, little additional energy is expended in the disposal of process water utilizing our design. Operators may choose to evaporate all, part, or none of the collected effluent as they choose. For instance, in a multiple kiln configuration with a varied mix of luinber, an operator may choose to evaporate the majority of his collected effluent in kilns containing timbers (longer duration) as opposed to evaporating that water in kilns containing premium grade decking (shorter duration), etc.
The present invention typically allows for easier compliance. Air quality perinits are typically based upon theoretical VOC content, and the present invention merely re-introduces effluent already considered within those theoretical levels. The present invention does not exceed those levels.
Additionally, excess capacity exists, especially at certain times of the year due to sap content, to evaporate process water from otller on-site as well as off-site sources.
Figures 6 through 12 depict a detailed example of the present invention and should not be construed as being limiting thereof. Figure 6 discloses a dry kiln floor and piping layout plan of an exainple of the present invention. In this figure, a floor 13 of a chainber interior space is showni that uses a series of drains as the moisture collection device, or moisture collector. These drains include grated sediment trap drains 51 and grated trench drains 52. The drains generally flow to a sedimentation chainber 54. This chainber comprises a conveyor and hopper 55 for mechanized removal or sediment. Downstreain from the sedimentation chamber is a pump chamber 60 in the present invention. The ptunp chamber comprises an inlet 59 to the pLunp chainber, a discharge header 61, a flush line 62, and a multiple valve layout control cabinet 63. This pump chamber directs fluid to an evaporation unit 70.
In this case, the process water is directed back into the kiln chamber for evaporation. This evaporation unit thus coinprises flow devices 71 which inject the processed water into the chamber.
Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the pump chamber of Figure 6. The puinp chamber depicted in Figure 7 comprises a common discharge header 61, that is attached to a valved comiection for discharge or flushing 62. This embodiment comprises four pumps 64. The pumps direct processed water through an insulated and heated valve cabinet 63. The valve cabinet encloses three-way valves 65, as well as electrically operated valves, manual tluee-way valves, and check valve combinations 67. This embodiment additionally shows a manual valve banlc 68 which assists in directing the processed water back to various kilns for evaporation.
This embodiment fiu-ther comprises a manual bypass system 69. With this pump chamber unit, capability exists to route all flows to any or all of the available kilns.
Additionally, liquid receiving taiilcs may be added as processed water destinations.
The valve and control cabinet temperattue may be therinostatically controlled.
Figure 8 shows an example of a sedimentation chamber and pLunp chamber depicted in Figure 6. An inlet pipe 53 provides a means for water to flow into the sedimentation chamber 54. The water exits the sedimentation chamber via an outlet 59 to the pump chamber 60. The puinp chainber, as additionally shown in Figure 6, comprises a discharge header 61, flush line 62, and an outlet to allow fluid to flow to the flow control cabinet 63. An exainple of the putnp 64 that may be used wit11 the present invention includes one that has a flow contro181 and lifting chain 82.
Figure 9 shows an example of a drain, concrete floor, and footings of this example. In this einbodiment, the evaporation unit 70 comprises infeed headers; and discharge pipes.A dry kiln system for drying a stack of luinber, comprising:
at least one kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying;
a chamber heating source capable of providing heated air;
an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space;
a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chainber interior space; and an evaporation system for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space.
Figure 10 shows an exainple of a system return device on this embodiment.
r a Figure 11 shows an example of a floor and drain layout of the present invention. The kiln 10 is sliown that comprises the interior chamber 12. The drain system is below the floor 13 of the chamber.
The invention thus being described in the Specification and Drawing Sheets, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
The kiln 10 comprises a condensation device 50 or moisture collector 50 that assists in collecting liquid such as condensate in the interior chamber space. The system fiirther comprises an evaporation system 70 or evaporation unit 70 for evaporating the collected from the chamber interior space.
In one embodiment, the condensation collection device 50 or moisture collector 50 may be an evaporator coil in the chamber interior space. U.S.
Patent 5,595,000 describes a coil used to control condensation in a kiln. The air passing tluough the coil is cooled well below the dew point which causes a condensation of the moisture onto the coil. The moisture condensed on the coil is removed from the kiln and delivered to the evaporation unit 70. In other embodiments, the evaporator hoses of U.S. 4,620,373 may be used to condense the moisture that is removed from the wood into water. Additionally, the sluoud or jacket of U.S. 3,986,298 may be used to collect excess moisture in the chainber. In one einbodiment of the present invention, the condensation device or moisture collector may comprise a liquid contact surface such as the floor of the kiln chamber. The floor may direct liquid to a drain system, which in turn delivers the liquid to an evaporation unit. In some embodiments, the liquid contact surface may simply be a sloping floor, allowing gravity to assist in delivering the liquid to a drainage system and eventually downstream to the evaporation unit. As its naine implies, the evaporation unit assists in converting the processed water into a vapor which may be discharged into the environment. Typically the evaporation system will comprise an evaporation device heating source, where in the heating source effects evaporation of the liquid in the holding taillc. In some examples, the heating source for the kiln chamber may direct heat or residual heat to the evaporation system to help effect evaporation.
The evaporation unit 70 or evaporation device 70 may coinprise a liquid holding tai-Jc. The processed water may be heated in the liquid holding tanlc to effect evaporation of the liquid in the holding tank.
Additionally, the evaporation device may coinprise a pump to erect the collected water back into the kiln chamber for heating to effect evaporation.
A ptunp chamber 60 may be used to direct flow of the processed water in the kiln system.
As shown in Fig. 3, the kiln system of the present invention may comprise a plurality of kilns 10, each of which define a chainber interior space 12 capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying. The kiln chambers of this embodiment may be the saine or different. Nonetheless, each kiln chainber may be provided with a moisture collector 50 to collect and direct water via a pump chamber 60 to an evaporation unit 70. In this regard, the puinp chamber may direct water to a central evaporation or a central liquid holding taillc which may hold water for more than one kiln chainber, or the pump chainber may direct fluid back into a kiln for evaporation.
In the preferred einbodiment, the pump chamber may be equipped with a control device wliich directs fluid to a.nd from each kiln. The control device would allow an operator to direct the processed water from each kiln chamber into one or more specific locations, such as an individual kiln chamber; multiple kiln chambers, and/or a liquid evaporation unit.
The present invention also comprises a process for drying luinber. This process coinprises providing a kiln system. The kiln system of this embodiment is not lcnown to be critical, as long as it can be equipped with a moisture collector which directs water through a pump chamber to an evaporation device. In the case of using a prior art kiln chamber, the kiln chamber inust also be capable of being equipped witli an evaporation device should the embodiment be used that directs processed water back into the kiln chamber to effect evaporation. The process of this einbodiment also may comprise multiple kilns, and may comprise a control i.ulit in connection with the puinp chamber to direct processed water flow from each kiln chamber to at least one of a kiln chamber, central evaporation unit, multiple evaporation units, or any combination thereof.
The present invention may re-introduce stored process water to the kiln chamber at selected intervals during the drying cycle. This water, formerly steam, is quite warm (typically about 200 degrees F).
In a preferred embodiment, a series of pumps and related valves and controls is used to spread the captured liquid widely and thinly across a sloped concrete floor of the kiln and, utilizing the latent heat of the drying process, fully evaporate that water. Modifications to norinal venting tecluiiques are required, and the process may be coinpletely automated to maximize efficiency of the process.
One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that there are various methods available to re-introduce the process water. Alternatively, the process water can be evaporated by using an additional or ancillary evaporation tank, tray, reservoir, or other device suitable for that purpose.
With respect to the process and apparatus of the present invention, the quality of the luinber is reportedly improved as a result of the conditioning aspects of the late cycle steam introduced to the kilns.
Additionally, little additional energy is expended in the disposal of process water utilizing our design. Operators may choose to evaporate all, part, or none of the collected effluent as they choose. For instance, in a multiple kiln configuration with a varied mix of luinber, an operator may choose to evaporate the majority of his collected effluent in kilns containing timbers (longer duration) as opposed to evaporating that water in kilns containing premium grade decking (shorter duration), etc.
The present invention typically allows for easier compliance. Air quality perinits are typically based upon theoretical VOC content, and the present invention merely re-introduces effluent already considered within those theoretical levels. The present invention does not exceed those levels.
Additionally, excess capacity exists, especially at certain times of the year due to sap content, to evaporate process water from otller on-site as well as off-site sources.
Figures 6 through 12 depict a detailed example of the present invention and should not be construed as being limiting thereof. Figure 6 discloses a dry kiln floor and piping layout plan of an exainple of the present invention. In this figure, a floor 13 of a chainber interior space is showni that uses a series of drains as the moisture collection device, or moisture collector. These drains include grated sediment trap drains 51 and grated trench drains 52. The drains generally flow to a sedimentation chainber 54. This chainber comprises a conveyor and hopper 55 for mechanized removal or sediment. Downstreain from the sedimentation chamber is a pump chamber 60 in the present invention. The ptunp chamber comprises an inlet 59 to the pLunp chainber, a discharge header 61, a flush line 62, and a multiple valve layout control cabinet 63. This pump chamber directs fluid to an evaporation unit 70.
In this case, the process water is directed back into the kiln chamber for evaporation. This evaporation unit thus coinprises flow devices 71 which inject the processed water into the chamber.
Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the pump chamber of Figure 6. The puinp chamber depicted in Figure 7 comprises a common discharge header 61, that is attached to a valved comiection for discharge or flushing 62. This embodiment comprises four pumps 64. The pumps direct processed water through an insulated and heated valve cabinet 63. The valve cabinet encloses three-way valves 65, as well as electrically operated valves, manual tluee-way valves, and check valve combinations 67. This embodiment additionally shows a manual valve banlc 68 which assists in directing the processed water back to various kilns for evaporation.
This embodiment fiu-ther comprises a manual bypass system 69. With this pump chamber unit, capability exists to route all flows to any or all of the available kilns.
Additionally, liquid receiving taiilcs may be added as processed water destinations.
The valve and control cabinet temperattue may be therinostatically controlled.
Figure 8 shows an example of a sedimentation chamber and pLunp chamber depicted in Figure 6. An inlet pipe 53 provides a means for water to flow into the sedimentation chamber 54. The water exits the sedimentation chamber via an outlet 59 to the pump chamber 60. The puinp chainber, as additionally shown in Figure 6, comprises a discharge header 61, flush line 62, and an outlet to allow fluid to flow to the flow control cabinet 63. An exainple of the putnp 64 that may be used wit11 the present invention includes one that has a flow contro181 and lifting chain 82.
Figure 9 shows an example of a drain, concrete floor, and footings of this example. In this einbodiment, the evaporation unit 70 comprises infeed headers; and discharge pipes.A dry kiln system for drying a stack of luinber, comprising:
at least one kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying;
a chamber heating source capable of providing heated air;
an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space;
a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chainber interior space; and an evaporation system for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space.
Figure 10 shows an exainple of a system return device on this embodiment.
r a Figure 11 shows an example of a floor and drain layout of the present invention. The kiln 10 is sliown that comprises the interior chamber 12. The drain system is below the floor 13 of the chamber.
The invention thus being described in the Specification and Drawing Sheets, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
Claims (25)
1. A dry kiln system for drying a stack of lumber, comprising:
at least one kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying;
a chamber heating source capable of providing heated air;
an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space;
a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space; and an evaporation system for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space.
at least one kiln chamber defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying;
a chamber heating source capable of providing heated air;
an air moving device capable of circulating heated air supplied to the chamber interior space;
a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space; and an evaporation system for evaporating collected liquid from the chamber interior space.
2. The dry kiln system of claim 1, wherein:
the condensation collection device is an evaporator coil in the chamber interior space.
the condensation collection device is an evaporator coil in the chamber interior space.
3. The kiln system of claim 1, further comprising:
a drain system to receive liquid from the condensation device:
a drain system to receive liquid from the condensation device:
4. The dry kiln system of claim 3, wherein the condensation collection device directs liquid to a liquid drainage system.
5. The dry kiln system of claim 1, wherein:
the condensation device comprises a liquid contact surface.
the condensation device comprises a liquid contact surface.
6. The dry kiln system of claim 5, wherein:
the dry kiln system further comprises a liquid drainage system, and said the liquid contact surface directs liquid toward the evaporation system.
the dry kiln system further comprises a liquid drainage system, and said the liquid contact surface directs liquid toward the evaporation system.
7. The dry kiln system of claim 5, wherein the liquid contact surface slopes to a liquid drain system, utilizing gravity to direct liquid toward a liquid drainage system.
8. The dry kiln system of claim 5, wherein the liquid contact surface is a sloping floor of the chamber interior space.
9. The dry kiln system of claim 1, wherein:
the heating source is further capable of providing heat to the evaporation system to effect evaporation of liquid collected by the condensation collection device.
the heating source is further capable of providing heat to the evaporation system to effect evaporation of liquid collected by the condensation collection device.
10. The dry kiln system of claim 1, wherein:
the evaporation system comprises a liquid holding tank and an evaporation device heating source, wherein the heating source effects evaporation of the liquid in the holding tank.
the evaporation system comprises a liquid holding tank and an evaporation device heating source, wherein the heating source effects evaporation of the liquid in the holding tank.
11. The dry kiln system of claim 1, wherein:
the evaporation device comprises a liquid holding tank, and heat from the chamber heating source is directed to the liquid holding tally to effect evaporation of the liquid in the holding tank.
the evaporation device comprises a liquid holding tank, and heat from the chamber heating source is directed to the liquid holding tally to effect evaporation of the liquid in the holding tank.
12. The dry kiln system of claim 1, wherein the evaporation device comprises a pump to direct collected liquid into the kiln chamber for heating to effect evaporation.
13. The dry kiln system of claim 12, wherein the pump directs liquid to a floor surface of the chamber interior space for heating to effect evaporation.
14. The dry kiln system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of kiln chambers defining a chamber interior space capable of receiving a stack of lumber for drying.
15. The dry kiln system of claim 14, wherein the system further comprises a liquid drain system capable of receiving liquid from each kiln chamber and capable of delivering said liquid to the evaporation system.
16. The dry kiln system of claim 14, wherein collected liquid from said plurality of kiln chambers is directed to a common pump chamber for delivery to an evaporation system.
17. The dry kiln system of claim 16, wherein the evaporation system comprises a liquid holding taut with a heat source to effect evaporation.
18 18. The dry kiln system of claim 17, wherein the evaporation system comprises a surface of a kiln chamber interior space of at least one kiln in the kiln system.
19. The dry kiln of claim 15 wherein the evaporation system directs the liquid to a kiln chamber and a holding tank.
20. A process for drying lumber, comprising:
providing a kiln system that comprises a chamber interior space for receiving a quantity of stacked lumber;
a chamber heating source for heating the air within the structure for drying the lumber; and a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space;
placing a quantity of stacked wet lumber within the chamber interior surface;
circulating heated air within the chamber interior surface and about the stacked lumber to dry the lumber and cause liquid in the wet lumber to escape as vapor;
collecting liquid from condensed vapor in the chamber interior surface; and evaporating said liquid to prevent effluent liquid in the process for drying lumber.
providing a kiln system that comprises a chamber interior space for receiving a quantity of stacked lumber;
a chamber heating source for heating the air within the structure for drying the lumber; and a condensation collection device for collecting liquid in the chamber interior space;
placing a quantity of stacked wet lumber within the chamber interior surface;
circulating heated air within the chamber interior surface and about the stacked lumber to dry the lumber and cause liquid in the wet lumber to escape as vapor;
collecting liquid from condensed vapor in the chamber interior surface; and evaporating said liquid to prevent effluent liquid in the process for drying lumber.
21. The process of claim 20, wherein collecting and evaporating steps are effected by:
providing a pump chamber and an evaporation unit;
pumping the collected liquid to the evaporating unit to effect evaporation.
providing a pump chamber and an evaporation unit;
pumping the collected liquid to the evaporating unit to effect evaporation.
22. The process of claim 20, wherein the evaporation unit is a liquid storage tank downstream from the pump chamber.
23. The process of claim 20, wherein the evaporation unit is a surface of a chamber interior space.
24. The process of claim 21, wherein the pump chamber directs liquid collected from more than one chamber interior space.
25. The process of claim 24, wherein the pump chamber directs collected liquid to more than one evaporation unit
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US44484103P | 2003-02-04 | 2003-02-04 | |
| US60/444,841 | 2003-02-04 | ||
| PCT/US2004/003300 WO2004070270A2 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-02-04 | Kiln with process water evaporation system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2520914A1 CA2520914A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| CA2520914C true CA2520914C (en) | 2010-04-27 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CA2520914A Expired - Fee Related CA2520914C (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-02-04 | Kiln with process water evaporation system |
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| US (1) | US7043853B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2520914C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004070270A2 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7389835B2 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2008-06-24 | Pride Mobility Products Corporation | Active anti-tip system for power wheelchairs |
| US7987614B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2011-08-02 | Erickson Robert W | Restraining device for reducing warp in lumber during drying |
| US8028438B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2011-10-04 | Aqualizer, Llc | Moisture condensation control system |
| US20080066340A1 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2008-03-20 | Kakuno Seisakusho Co., Ltd. | Depressurization Type Drying Machine and Method for Drying Lumber Using the Same |
| US7963048B2 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2011-06-21 | Pollard Levi A | Dual path kiln |
| US8771477B2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2014-07-08 | Sylvan Source, Inc. | Large-scale water purification and desalination |
| EP2278241A1 (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2011-01-26 | Jevgenijs Gordijs | Plant and method for heat treatment of ligneous material |
| US8201501B2 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-06-19 | Tinsley Douglas M | Dual path kiln improvement |
| US8397400B2 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2013-03-19 | Forest Research Institute Malaysia | High temperature lumber treatment system |
| US9927173B1 (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2018-03-27 | Gary L. Kolari | Single pass continuous lumber drying kiln |
| US10082335B2 (en) | 2016-09-26 | 2018-09-25 | American Wood Dryers, Llc | Single pass continuous lumber drying kiln |
| US10619921B2 (en) | 2018-01-29 | 2020-04-14 | Norev Dpk, Llc | Dual path kiln and method of operating a dual path kiln to continuously dry lumber |
| CN110877391B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南威达尔木业科技有限公司 | Continuous wood modification heat treatment process and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR204636A1 (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-02-20 | Koppelman Edward | PROCEDURE AND A DEVICE FOR DRYING WOOD |
| US4014107A (en) * | 1976-04-07 | 1977-03-29 | Bachrich Jakob L | Drying kiln for lumber |
| US4250629A (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1981-02-17 | Lewis Donald C | Lumber conditioning kiln |
| USRE31633E (en) * | 1979-02-21 | 1984-07-24 | Lumber conditioning kiln | |
| US4343095A (en) * | 1981-03-24 | 1982-08-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Pressure dryer for steam seasoning lumber |
| US4467532A (en) * | 1983-01-06 | 1984-08-28 | Drake Harry W | Apparatus and process for drying lumber |
| US4620373A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-11-04 | Laskowski Donald R | Dry kiln and method |
| US4597772A (en) * | 1984-09-20 | 1986-07-01 | Wright-Malta Corporation | Fixed kiln with rotor steam gasifier |
| US5107607A (en) * | 1990-01-22 | 1992-04-28 | Mason Howard C | Kiln for drying lumber |
| US5123177A (en) * | 1990-11-02 | 1992-06-23 | Forestor-Koetter | Wood curing kiln |
| US5138773A (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1992-08-18 | U.S. Natural Resources, Inc. | Drying kiln for lumber having insulation |
| JP2552961B2 (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1996-11-13 | 兵五 泉 | Wood drying method capable of converting wind force and pressure according to changes in water content |
| ES2082027T3 (en) * | 1991-03-23 | 1996-03-16 | Brunner Reinhard | PROCEDURE FOR DRYING WOOD AS WELL AS A DEVICE TO PERFORM THE PROCEDURE. |
| US5380402A (en) * | 1992-07-30 | 1995-01-10 | Kamyr, Inc. | Reducing pulp mill liquid discharge |
| US5276980A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1994-01-11 | Carter John L | Reversible conditioned air flow system |
| TW245651B (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1995-04-21 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Black liquor gasifier |
| US6071380A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 2000-06-06 | Hoffman Environmental Systems, Inc. | Method of papermaking having zero liquid discharge |
| EP0791103A4 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1998-12-30 | Hoffman Environmental Systems | Method of papermaking having zero liquid discharge |
| US5595000A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1997-01-21 | U.S. Natural Resources, Inc. | No-vent dry kiln |
| DE19522028C2 (en) * | 1995-06-17 | 1999-12-16 | Reinhard Brunner | Method and device for drying sawn timber under negative pressure |
| US5915811A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1999-06-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Solar drying process and apparatus |
| US5758434A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-06-02 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Wood drying system |
| US5766412A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 1998-06-16 | Recovery Technologies Corporation | System and method of waster water reduction and product recovery |
| US6467190B2 (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2002-10-22 | George R. Gulp | Drying kiln |
| US6370792B1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2002-04-16 | George R. Culp | Structure and methods for introducing heated ari into a kiln chamber |
-
2004
- 2004-02-04 CA CA2520914A patent/CA2520914C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-02-04 WO PCT/US2004/003300 patent/WO2004070270A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-02-04 US US10/774,049 patent/US7043853B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CA2520914A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| US7043853B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
| US20040168339A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| WO2004070270A2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| WO2004070270A3 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
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