CA2526683A1 - High gain antenna for wireless applications - Google Patents

High gain antenna for wireless applications Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2526683A1
CA2526683A1 CA002526683A CA2526683A CA2526683A1 CA 2526683 A1 CA2526683 A1 CA 2526683A1 CA 002526683 A CA002526683 A CA 002526683A CA 2526683 A CA2526683 A CA 2526683A CA 2526683 A1 CA2526683 A1 CA 2526683A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
antenna
ground
active element
passive dipoles
segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002526683A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2526683C (en
Inventor
Bing Chiang
Michael James Lynch
Douglas Harold Wood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IPR Licensing Inc
Original Assignee
Ipr Licensing, Inc.
Bing Chiang
Michael James Lynch
Douglas Harold Wood
Tantivy Communications, Inc.
Interdigital Acquisition Corp.
Interdigital Patent Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ipr Licensing, Inc., Bing Chiang, Michael James Lynch, Douglas Harold Wood, Tantivy Communications, Inc., Interdigital Acquisition Corp., Interdigital Patent Corporation filed Critical Ipr Licensing, Inc.
Publication of CA2526683A1 publication Critical patent/CA2526683A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2526683C publication Critical patent/CA2526683C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/32—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being end-fed and elongated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H01Q3/242—Circumferential scanning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
    • H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
    • H01Q3/2629—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit
    • H01Q3/2635—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit the auxiliary unit being composed of a plurality of antennas
    • H01Q3/2641—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit the auxiliary unit being composed of a plurality of antennas being secundary elements, e.g. reactively steered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element

Abstract

An antenna (300) having a central active element (202) and a plurality of passive dipoles (308) surrounding the active element is disclosed. The passive dipoles increase the antenna gain by increasing the radiated energy in the azimuth direction. In another embodiment a plurality of parasitic directing elements (340) extend radially outward from the passive dipoles.

Claims (30)

1. An antenna comprising:
an active element;
a plurality of passive dipoles spaced apart from and circumscribing the active element; and a controller for selectably controlling the passive dipoles to operate in a reflective or a directive mode.
2. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the antenna directivity is increased along a longitudinal plane through the active element.
3. The antenna of claim 1 wherein antenna radiation is attenuated in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal plane through the active element.
4. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the controller modifies an effective electrical length of one or more of the plurality of passive dipoles to effectuate the reflective or the directive mode.
5. The antenna of claim 1 wherein each one of the plurality of passive dipoles comprises an upper segment and a lower segment.
6. The antenna of claim 5 wherein the controller modifies an effective electrical length of the upper segment of one or more of the plurality of passive dipoles to effectuate the reflective or the directive mode.
7. The antenna of claim 6 wherein the controller comprises a switching element connected between the upper segment and ground for introducing an impedance between the upper segment and ground.
8. The antenna of claim 7 wherein the switching element selectably introduces one of a first and a second impedance between the upper segment and ground, wherein the first impedance comprises an inductance and the second impedance comprises a capacitance.
9. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a ground plane proximate a lower end of the active element, wherein the lower segment is formed from a region of the ground plane.
10. The antenna of claim 1 wherein a received or a transmitted signal frequency is the carrier frequency in a wireless system operating according to one of the following standards, code-division multiple access, time division multiple access, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, and global system for mobile communications.
11. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the active element and the plurality of passive dipoles are vertically oriented.
12. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the plurality of passive dipoles are radially spaced apart from the active element.
13. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the plurality of passive dipoles are radially spaced an equal distance from the active element.
14. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a ground, wherein the active element and the plurality of passive dipoles comprise vertically disposed rectangular conductors, wherein each one of the plurality of passive dipoles further comprises an upper and a lower segment, and wherein an upper end of the lower segment is connected to the ground.
15 The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a ground, wherein each one of the plurality of passive dipoles comprises an elongated conductive upper segment switchably connected to the ground and a lower segment in substantial vertical alignment with the upper segment, and wherein an upper end of the lower segment is contiguous with a vertically disposed ground plane extending radially inward in the direction of the active element.
16. The antenna of claim 15 wherein the upper segment is switchably connected to the ground through an impedance.
17. The antenna of claim 1 wherein each one of the plurality of passive dipoles has a physical length, and wherein the antenna transmits or receives an operating signal having a wavelength, and wherein the physical wavelength is less than about a wavelength.
18. The antenna of claim 17 wherein the operating signal comprises a plurality of operating signals, and wherein frequencies of the plurality of operating signals are harmonically related.
19. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of parasitic gratings spaced apart from and circumscribing the active element.
20. The antenna of claim 19 wherein each one of the plurality of parasitic gratings is radially aligned with one of the plurality of passive dipoles.
21. The antenna of claim 19 wherein each one of the plurality of parasitic gratings is disposed between two adjacent ones of the plurality of passive dipoles.
22. The antenna of claim 19 wherein the plurality of parasitic gratings are arranged in one or more concentric circles from the active element.
23. The antenna of claim 19 wherein a length of each one of the plurality of parasitic gratings is less than about one-half wavelength at an operating frequency of the antenna.
24. The antenna of claim 19 wherein each one of the plurality of parasitic gratings is vertically oriented.
25. The antenna of claim 19 further comprising a ground, wherein each one of the plurality of parasitic gratings comprises an elongated conductive element shorted to the ground.
26. The antenna of claim 19 further comprising a ring structure for supporting the plurality of parasitic elements.
27. The antenna of claim 26 wherein the ring structure is removably positioned outwardly from and concentric with the plurality of passive dipoles.
28. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a ground plane surrounding the active element.
29. The antenna of claim 28 wherein the ground plane comprises a substantially horizontal ground plane, and wherein each one of the plurality of passive dipoles comprises an elongated conductive upper segment switchably connected to the horizontal ground plane and a lower segment in substantial vertical alignment with the upper segment, and wherein an upper end of the lower segment is contiguous with a substantially vertical ground plane extending radially inward in the direction of the active element, and wherein the substantially horizontal ground plane is connected to the substantially vertical ground plane.
30. The antenna of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of planar ground structures disposed radially outwardly from the active element, wherein each one of the plurality of passive dipoles comprises an elongated conductive upper segment switchably connected to the ground and a lower segment in substantial vertical alignment with the upper segment, and wherein the lower segment is formed from one of the plurality of planar ground structures.
CA2526683A 2003-05-23 2004-05-18 High gain antenna for wireless applications Expired - Fee Related CA2526683C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/444,322 US6864852B2 (en) 2001-04-30 2003-05-23 High gain antenna for wireless applications
US10/444,322 2003-05-23
PCT/US2004/015544 WO2004107497A2 (en) 2003-05-23 2004-05-18 High gain antenna for wireless applications

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2526683A1 true CA2526683A1 (en) 2004-12-09
CA2526683C CA2526683C (en) 2010-11-23

Family

ID=33489343

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2526683A Expired - Fee Related CA2526683C (en) 2003-05-23 2004-05-18 High gain antenna for wireless applications

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US6864852B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1629570B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4095103B2 (en)
KR (2) KR100767249B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1792006B (en)
AT (1) ATE401676T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2526683C (en)
DE (1) DE602004015102D1 (en)
NO (1) NO20055912L (en)
TW (1) TWI249266B (en)
WO (1) WO2004107497A2 (en)

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US20050212714A1 (en) 2005-09-29
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KR20060016092A (en) 2006-02-21
WO2004107497A2 (en) 2004-12-09
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CA2526683C (en) 2010-11-23
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US20040027304A1 (en) 2004-02-12
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WO2004107497A3 (en) 2005-05-26
US6864852B2 (en) 2005-03-08

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