CA2532146C - Zeolite-containing treating fluid - Google Patents
Zeolite-containing treating fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CA2532146C CA2532146C CA 2532146 CA2532146A CA2532146C CA 2532146 C CA2532146 C CA 2532146C CA 2532146 CA2532146 CA 2532146 CA 2532146 A CA2532146 A CA 2532146A CA 2532146 C CA2532146 C CA 2532146C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/047—Zeolites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/16—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/40—Spacer compositions, e.g. compositions used to separate well-drilling from cementing masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
- C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
Methods and compositions are provided for treating fluids, especially spacer fluids and cement compositions as well as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the like for introduction into a subterranean zone penetrated by a wellbore, wherein the treating fluid comprises zeolite and a carrier fluid. The treating fluid may additionally include one or more of a viscosifier, organic polymer, dispersants, surfactants and weighting materials.
Description
Cross~Reference to Related Applications (0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of prior Application No.
10/315,415, fried December 10, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, Background (0002) The present embodiment relates generally to a treating fluid, particularly a spacer fluid for introduction into a subterranean zone penetrated by a wellbore. .
10/315,415, fried December 10, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, Background (0002) The present embodiment relates generally to a treating fluid, particularly a spacer fluid for introduction into a subterranean zone penetrated by a wellbore. .
(0003] A spacer fluid is a fluid used to displace one °performance"
fluid in a wellbore before the introduction into the wellbore of another performance fluid. For example, while drilling oil and gas wells, one performance fluid, such as an oil-based or water-based drilling fluid, is circulated through the string of drill pipe, through the drill bit and upwardly to the earth surface through the annulus formed between the drill pipe and the surface of the welfbore,. The drilling fluid cools the drill bit, lubricates the drill string and removes cuttings from the wellbore. During the drilling process, the drilling fluid dehydrates or loses filtrate to the formation so that the fluid remaining in the annulus gels or increases in viscosity and a layer of solids and gelled drilling fluid known as filter cake is deposited against the fom~ation face.
fluid in a wellbore before the introduction into the wellbore of another performance fluid. For example, while drilling oil and gas wells, one performance fluid, such as an oil-based or water-based drilling fluid, is circulated through the string of drill pipe, through the drill bit and upwardly to the earth surface through the annulus formed between the drill pipe and the surface of the welfbore,. The drilling fluid cools the drill bit, lubricates the drill string and removes cuttings from the wellbore. During the drilling process, the drilling fluid dehydrates or loses filtrate to the formation so that the fluid remaining in the annulus gels or increases in viscosity and a layer of solids and gelled drilling fluid known as filter cake is deposited against the fom~ation face.
(0004] When the desired drilling depth of the well is reached, another performance fluid, such as a slurry containing a cement composition, is pumped into the annular space between the walls of the wellbore and pipe string or casing. In this process, known as "primary cementing," the cement composition sets in the annulus, supporting and positioning the casing, and forming a substantially impermeable barrier, or cement sheath, which isolates the casing from subterranean zones. It is understood that the bond between the set cement composition and the weltbore is crucial to tonal isolation.
(0005] However, the increase in viscosity of the drilling fluid and deposit of filter cake are detrimental to obtaining effective drilling fluid displacement and removal from the walls of the wetlbore and a subsequent competent bond between casing, primary cement and the walls of the wellbore. Incomplete displacement of the drilling fluid often prevents the formation of an adequate bond between the cement, the casing or pipe and the wellbore.
(0006] In addition, when pumping various fluids into a wellbore, it is important to make sure that they do not adversely affect the properties of other fluids in the wefl~ore. It is understood that such fluids having adverse reactions with each other are referred to as being "incompatible."
(0007j Spacer fluids are often used in oil and gas wells to facilitate improved displacement efficiency when pumping new fluids into the wel(bore. Spacer fluids are typically placed between one or more fluids contained within or to be pumped v~iithin the wellbore.
Spacer fluids are also used to enhance solids removal during drilling operations, to enhance displacement efficiency and to physically separate chemically incompatible fluids. Por instance, in primary cementing, the cement starry is separated from the drilling fluid and partially dehydrated gelled drilling fluid is removed from the walls of the wellbore by a spacer fluid pumped between the drilling fluid and the cement slurry: Spacer fluids may also be placed between different drilling fluids during drilling fluid change outs or between a drilling fluid and a completion brine.
[0008] While the preferred embodiments described herein relate to spacer fluids and cement compositions, it is understood that any treating fluids such as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, aadizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the tike can be prepared using zeolite and a carrier fluid. Acxordingfy, improved methods of the present invention comprise the steps of preparfng a wellbore treating fluid using a canyer fluid and zeolite, as previously described herein, and placing the fluid in a subterranean formation.
[0009] Therefore, treating fluids that have beneficial theological properties and are compatible with a variety of fluids are desirable.
Description [0010] Treating fluids, preferably spacer fluids and cement compositions, as well as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drtliing muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the like, for introduction into a subterranean zone penetrated by a welibore according to the present embodiment comprise zeolite and a carrier fluid. Preferably, the wel(bore treating fluids also include one or more of a viscos~er, an organic polymer, dispersants, surtactants and weighting w, 2 materials. Examples of wellbore treating fluids are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,444,668;
4.536,297; 5,716,910; 5,759,964; 5,990,052; 6,010,664; 6,213,213; 6,488,091 and 6,555,505, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
(0011] A preferred fluid for use in the present embodiment includes cementing camposinons as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 10/315,415 filed December 10, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
[0012] Preferably, the wellbore treating fluid is prepared as a dry mix including the zeolite and optionally the viscosifler, organic polymer and dispersants. Prior to use as a wellbore treating fluid, varying ratios of dry mix, weighting material, carrier fluid and optionally surfiactants are combined to yield the desired wellbore treating fluid density and viscosity.
[0013] Zeolites are porous alumino~silicate minerals that may be either a natural or manmade material. Manmade zeolites are based on the same type of structural cell as natural zeolites and are composed of aluminosilicate hydrates having the same basic formula as given below. It is understood that as used in this application, the term "zeolite"
means and encompasses alt natural and manmade forms of zeolites. All zeoiites are composed of a three-dimensional framework of SI04 and AIO~ in a tetrahedron, which rxeates a very high surface area. Canons and water molecules are entrained into the framework. Thus, all zeolites may be represented by the crystallographic unit cell formula:
Ma~nl{AIOz)a{Si02~~ ' ~z0 where M represents one or mare canons such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, li or Ba for natural zeolites and NH4, CHaNH3, (CHa)3NH, (CHa)4N, Ga, Ge and P for manmade zeolites; n represents the canon valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or aqua! to 5; and x represents the motes of water entrained into the zeotite framework.
[0014] Preferred zeolites for use in the wellbore treating fluid of the present embodiment include analcime (hydrated sodium aluminum silicate), bikitaite {lithium aluminum silicate), brewster3te (hydrated strontium barium calcium aluminum silicate), chabazite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), clinoptilolite {hydrated sodium aluminum silicate), faujasite (hydrated sodium potassium calcium magnesium aluminum silicate), harmatome (hydrated barium aluminum silicate), heulandite (hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate), laumontite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), mesolite .(hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate), natrolite (hydrated sodium aluminum silicate), pauiingite (hydrated potassium sodium calcium barium aluminum silicate), phillipsite (hydrated potassium sodium calcium aluminum silicate), scolecite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), stellerite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), stilbite (hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate) and thomsonite (hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate).
Most preferably, the zeolites for use in the spacer fluids of the present embodiment include chabazite and clinoptilolite.
(0015] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wellbore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 5 to 90% by weight of zeolites, and mare preferably from about fi4 to 7U%
by weight of zeolites.
[0016] As used herein the temp "viscosifier" means any agent that increases the viscosity of a fluid, and preferably produces a low density wellbore treating fluid preferably a spacer fluid which is compatible with drilling fluids, cement slurries and completion fluids. Agents which are useful as viscosifiers include, but are not limited to, colloidal agents, such as clays, polymers, guar gum; emulsion farming agents; diatomaceous earth; and starches. Suitable clays include kaotinites, montmoritlonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapuigite, sepiolite, and the like and also synthetic clays, such as laponite. The choice of a viscosifier depends upon the viscosity desired, chemical capability with the other fluids, and ease of filtsatson to remove solids from the tow density wellbore treating quid. Preferably, the viscosi5er is easily flocculated and filterable out of the wellbore treating fluid.
[001T] Preferably, the visvosifier is a clay and is preferably selected from the group consisting of sepiolite and attapulgite. Most preferably, the clay is sepiolite.
(0018] In a preferred embodiment, the welibore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 5 to 80%by weight of the viscosif~er, and more preferably from about 20 to 30%
by weight of the viscosifier.
[0019] The weilbore treating fluids of the present embodiment preferably include a polymeric material for use as a viscosifier or fluid loss control agent. Polymers which are suitable for use as a viscosifier or fluid loss control agent in accardance with the present embodiment include polymers which contain, in sufficient concentration and reactive position, one or more hydroxyl, cis-hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfate, sulfonate, amino or amide functional groups.
Particularly suitable polymers include polysaccharides and derivatives thereof which contain one or more of the following monasaccharide units: galactose, mannose, glucoside, glucose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, glucuranic acid or pyranosyl sulfate. Natural polymers containing the foregoing functional groups and units include guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, taro, konjak, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof. Modified gums such as carboxyalkyt derivatives, like carboxymethyl guar, and hydroxyalkyl derivatives, like hydroxypropyl guar can also be used. Doubly derivatized gums such as carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) can also be used.
(0020] Syntheflc polymers and copolymers which contain the above-mentioned functional groups and which can be utilized as a viscosifier or fluid loss control agent include, but are net limited to, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, malefic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
[0021] Modified celluloses and derivatives thereof, for example, cellulose ethers, esters and the like can also be used as the viscosifier or fluid toss control agent of the spacer fluids of the present embodiment. In general, any of the water-soluble cellulose ethers can be used. Thane cellulose ethers include, among ethers, the various carboxyalkylcellulose ethers, such as carboxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose {CMC); mixed ethers such as carboxyalkylethers, e.g., carboxymethylhydroxyethyicellufose (CMHEC);
hydroxyalkylcetlulo~ses such as hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropylcellulose;
alkylhydroxyatkyicelluloses such as methylhydroxypropylcellulose; alkylcelluloses such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and propyicellulose; alkylcarboxyalkylcelluloses such as ethytcarboxymethylcellulose;
alkylalkylcellutoses such as rnethylethylcellulose;
hydroxyalkylalkylcelluloses such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; and the like.
[0022] Preferred polymers include those selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, sucxinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives, parflcularly hydroxyethylcellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the weilbore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 0 to 6°t° by weight of the polymers, and more preferably from about 1 to 3% by weight of the polymers.
[0023j The wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment preferably include a dispersant. Preferred dispersants include those selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene malefic anhydride copolymer, suifonated vinyltoluene malefic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, allyl sulfonate and non-ionic monomers. In a preferred embodiment, the wellbore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 1 to 18% by weight of the dispersant, and more preferably from 2~bout 9 to 11 % by weight of the dispersant.
[ao24] Preferably, the carrier fluid is an aqueous fluid, such as water, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsion, acids, or mixtures thereof. The preferred carrier fluid depends upon the type of drilling fluid utilized in drilling the wellbore, cost, availability, temperature stability, viscosity, clarity, and the like. Based on cost and availability, water is preferred.
[0025] Preferably, the water incorporated in the wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment, can be fresh water, unsaturated salt solution, including brines and seawater, and saturated salt solution. Generally, any type of water can be used, provided that it does not contain an excess of compounds, well known to those skilled in the art, that adversely affect properties of hydration.
(0026] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier fluid is present in'the wellbore treating fluid at a rate of from about 45 to 95% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid, and more preferably from about 65 to 75°/a by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid.
(0027] The wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment preferably include a weighting material. Prefen~d weighting materials include those selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate, also known as °barite", hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate. In a preferred embodiment of the~invention, the weighting material is present in the spacer fluid at a rate of from about 4 to 85% by volume of the prepared wellbare treating fluid, and more preferably from about 15 to 75% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid.
[0028] When the wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment are intended for use in the presence of oit-based drilling fluids or synthetic based drilling fluids, the wellbore treating fluids preferably include a surfactant.
(4029] According to this embodiment, preferred surfactants include nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, a-olefinsulfonates, aikylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,851,960 and 6,063,738, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Especially preferred surfactants include nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxy(ates and sugar lipids.
[0030] A suitable surfactant which is commeraally available from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Oklahoma under the trade name "AQF~2T'"" is a sodium salt of a-olefinic sulfonie acid {AOS) which is a miixture of compounds of the formulas:
~{H(CH2)n'-e%=~CHz)mS~aNa]
and Y[H(CH2)p---~Ct~H-{CHZ),~S03Na]
wherein:
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 77;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1.
roa3l~ Another suitable surfactant which is commeraally available from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Okia., under the trade designation "CFA-ST""" has the formula:
H(CHz)e(OCzH4)aOSO3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10.
[0032 Another suitable surfactant is comprised of an oxyafkyiatedsulfonate, which is commeraalty available from Hailiburton Energy Services, Duncan, Okla. under the trade designation "FDP-C485."
[0033] Still another suitable surfactant which is commercially available from Halliburton Energy Services under the trade designation "HOWCO-SUDST""" is an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CHz)a(OG2H4)aSOsNH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10.
[0034] Another suitable surtactant is comprised of alkylpolysaccharides and is. commercially available from Seppic, Inc. of Fairfieid, N.J, under the trade designation "SIMUSOL-10 "
[0035] Another suitable surfactant is cocoamine betaine and is commercially available under the tradename "HC-2" from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Okla.
[0086] Another suitable surfactant is an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate having the formula:
H(CH2~(CJCztia)bOSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10.
(0037] Still another suitable surfactant is an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCHZCHzCH2N+(CH~)zCH2CO2 wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cety!
and oleyt.
[0038] Still another suitable surfactant is an alkyl or afkene amidapropyl dimethyl amine oxide surfactant having the fom7ula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CHa}z0-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyi, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
[0039) in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant is present in the wellbare treating fluid at a rate of from about 0 to 20% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating filuid, and more preferably from about 2 to 6% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid.
~7 (0040] Spacer fluids are characterized by favorable: 30013 ratios. . A~ 300/3 ratio is defined as the 300 rpm shear stress divided by the 3 rpm shear stress measured on a Chandler or Fann Model 35 rotational viscometer using a B9 bob, an R1 sleeve and a No. 1 spring. An ideal spacer fluid would have a flat theology, i.e., a 30013 ratio approaching 1.
Moreover, an ideal spacer fluid would exhibit the same resistance to flow across a broad range of shear rates and limit thermal thinning, particularly at low shear rates.
(0041] When the wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment are utilized as spacer fluids, the spacer fluids achieve 30013 ratios of 2 to 6. As a result, the compositions are welt suited for drilling fluid displacement. As shown in the following examples, the spacer fluids of the present embodiment have a relatively flat theology and are pseudo-plastic with a near constant shear stress profile.
(0042] In one embodiment, the zeolite-containing wellbore treating fluid may be prepared as a dry mix including some or all of the above-~identifed components, except for the carrier fluid.
[0043] In carrying out the methods of the present embodiment, a wellbore is treated by introducing into the wellbore a treating fluid comprising zeolite and a carrier fluid. Also, in carrying out the methods of the present embodiment, a first fluid is displaced with an incompatibte second fluid in a wellbore utilizing a wellbore treating fluid of the present embodiment to separate the first fluid from the second fluid and to remove the first fluid from the wellbore. In primary cementing applications, the wellbore treating fluid may be utilized as a spacer fluid and is generally introduced into the casing or other pipe to be cemented between drilling fluid in the casing and a cement slurry. The cement slurry is pumped down the casing whereby the spacer fluid ahead of the cement slurry displaces drilling fluid from the interior of the casing and from the annulus between the exterior of the casing and the watts of the wellbore.
The spacer fluid prevents the cement slurry from contacting the drilling fluid and thereby prevents severe viscosiflcation or flocculation which can completely plug the casing or the annulus. As the spacer fluid is pumped through the annulus, it aggressively removes partially dehydrated/gelled drilling fluid and filter cake solids from the wellbore and maintains the removed materials in suspension whereby they are removed from the annulus.
[0044] The following examples are illustrative of the methods and compositions discussed above.
i8 (0045] Eight spacer fluids ("Fluids") were prepared by combining the components as set forth in TABLE 1 below. SpeCiflcally, the dry mix materials, riamely the zeolite, fumed silica, silica flour or coarse silica, the sepiolite, hydrous magnesium silicate, diatomaceous earth, dispersants, Biozan, and HEC were combined in a one liter glass jar and mixed by hand. This dry mix was then added to the mixing water in a blaring blender at 4,000 RPM
in less Than 10 seconds. The weighting material (barium sulfate} was then added to the blaring blender at 4,000 RPM in less than 10 seconds. The blender speed was then increased to 12,000 RPM and allowed to mix for 3~ seconds. The dry mix components of the spacer fluids were. added at the indicated rate on fihe basis of percent by weight of the dry mix and the water and barium sulfate were added at the indicated rate on the basis of percent by volume of spacer fluid composition to achieve the indicated density. .
100461 Fluids 1-3 are zeolite-containing spacer fluids according to the present embodiment.
Chabazite, which is commerciatly~availabte from C2C Zeolite Corporation of Calgary, Canada was used as the zeolite for fluids 1-3. Sepiolite is commercially available from Baroid Gorporation of Houston, Texas. Hydroxyethylcetlulose "HEC" is commeraally available from DowIUnion Carbide of Midland, Michigan. Welan gum, a high molecular weight biopolymer, is commercially available from the Kelco Oil Field Group of Houston, Texas, under the trademark "BIOZAN." The dispersant is commercially available from National Starch 8~
Chemical Company of Newark, New Jersey under the trade name "Alcosperse 602 ND" and is a mixture of 8 parts sulfonated styrene malefic anhydride copolymer to 3.7b parts interpolymer of acrylic acid.
[0047] Fluids 4-8 are conventional fumed silica-containing spacer fluids.
Fumed silica is commercially available from Efken of Baltimore, Maryland.
[0048] Fluid 7 is a conventional silica flour-containing spacer fluid. Silica flour is commercially available from Unimin Corporation of New Canaan, Connecticut.
Hydrous magnesium silicate is commercialiy.available from Baroid Corporation of Houston, Texas.
[0049) Fluid 8 is a conventional coarse silica-containing spacewfluid. Coarse Silica was obtained from Unimin Corporation of New Canaan, Connecticut. Diatomaceous Earth is a commodity material commeraally available from many sources.
Components Fluid Fluid Fluid Fluid Fluid Fluid Ftuid Fluid Zeotite 66.0 66.0 66.0 - - - - - - -_ Fumed Silica- - - - 66.0 66.0 66.0 - --Silica Flour- _ - _ _ _ _ _ 94.54 -Coarse Silica- - - - _ _ _ - 35.3 Sepiolite 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 - - 11.8 Hydrous - - - - - _ _ _ _ 3.4 2.0 Magnesium Silicate Diatomaceous- - - - ' ' - - 41.1 Earth HEC 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 - --BtOZAN~ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 - -Dispersant 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 1.3 9.8 *Barium 4.75 16.18 27.71 4.75 16.18 27.71 18.19 26.85 Sulfate *VNater 90.8 80.0 69.3 90.8 80.0 69.3 60.7 68.6 Density lblgal10.0 13.0 16.0 10.0 13.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 *volume [0050 Fluids 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6-8 listed in TABLE 1 were designed to have densities of 10.0 Iblgal,13.0 Iblgal, and 16.0 Ib/gal, respectively.
[0051) Using a Fann Model 35 viscometer, the viscosity (in centipoise) of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) and fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6) from EXAMPLE 1 were measured at the indicated temperature, and the Fann Model 35 viscometer dial readings at the associated revolutions per minute listed in TABLE 2.
- ;10 Rheoto_txy Tests . Yield Comp. Temp. Meas urement mm cp._ Point 30013 at indicated, z TestedF. 600 300 200 100 60 30 6 3 1b1100ftRatio 1 80 43 30 25 19 15 12 7 6 11.9 5 130 35 26 21 16 13 11 7 5 10.5 5.2 190 31 23 20 16 14 12 9 8 12.2 2.9 4 80 40 27 23 19 16 14 9 7 14.2 3.9 130 32 24 21 18 15 12.5 9 8 13.4 3.0 190 29 21 18 15 13 12 _9 7.5.11.9 2.8 2 80 102 72 59 43 35 28 17 15 26.8 4.8 130 77 55 46 36 30 25 16 14 24.9 3.9 19Q 55 40 33 25 21 17 11 10 16.7 4.0 80 89 63 51 37 30 23 14 12 22.2 5.25 130 63 46 38 29 24 19 12 11 19 4.2 190 45 34. 27 20 18 15 10 8 14.1 4.25 3 80 172 123 101 75 62 50 36 31 48.5 4.0 ~
130 127 92 77 58 49 41 28 26 40 3.5 190 105 76 65 51 45 37 27 23 37.8 3.3 6 80 177 127 105 79 65 52 37 34 51.2 3.7 130 114 82 69 53 46 39 28 25 38.4 3.3 190 95 69 57 44 37 31 22 20 30.4 3.45 [0052 TABLE 2 shows that the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3} compare favorably with the fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6}, in that they have relatively high viscosities and relatively low 30013 ratios. Also, the yield points of the aeolite-containing spacers are comparable to the yield points of the silica-containing spacers. The yield point is a design parameter that determines the ratio of dry mix components to weighting materials to water.
[0053 Using a W.R. Grace Roto-tester, the pack set of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3} and fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6) from EXAMPLE
1 were measured.
[pp54~ The 2eolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) from EXAMPLE
1 had a pack set index of 21/22.
[0055] Fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6} from EXAMPLE
1 had a pack set index of 29!33. .
,11 [0056] The lower pack set index numbers of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids indicate that the zeolite-containing material will flaw more easily and will not pack as severely as the fumed silica-containing spacer fluids.
[0057] Using a 250 mL. graduated cylinder oriented in a vertical position, the percent settling of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) and fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6) from EXAMPLE 1 were measured. The spacer ~uids were prepared according to Section 5, API Recommended Practice 10B, 22"d Edition, December 1997. The results are shown in TABLE 3 below in terms of mL of free fluid in 250 mL.
Days Fluid Fluid ~ Fluid Fluid Ffuid Fluid 2 1.6 3.2 2.1 2.1 1.1 3.2 3 2.1 4.2 2.6 3.2 1.6 h.2 2,1 4.7 , 3.2 4.7 2.1 5.3 -2.1 5.3 . ~.7 2.6 6.3 3.7 [0Q58] The lower amount of free fluid in the spacer fluids prepared with zeolite (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) indicate better solids suspension.than the spacer fluids prepared with fumed silica (Fluids 4, 5, and 6).
[~a59~ Using a FANN 35 viscometer, the viscosity of one of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluid 3), one of the fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluid 6), the silica flaur-containing spacer fluid (Fluid 7), and the coarse silica-containing spacer fluid (Fluid 8}, from EXAMPLE 1 were measured at three temperatures, and the FANN dial reading at 300 rpm was divided by the FANN dial reading at 3 rpm to give the 30013 ratios listed in TABLE 4.
Rheology Fluid 3 Fluid 6 Fluid 7 ~ Fluid 8 ~
300/3 ratio 4.0 3.7 11.0 9.0 at 80F
30013 ratio 3.5 -. 3.3 7.8 5.8 at 135F
30013 ratio 3.3 3.4 &.3 5.6 at 190F
(OOS~~ The consistent 30013 ratios exhibited by the zeolite-containing spacer fluid over a wide temperature range indicates its superiority aver standard silica-containing spacer fluids.
[0081 While the preferred embodiments described herein relate to spacer fluids and cement compositions, it is understood that any wellbore treating fluids such as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the like can be prepared using zeofrte and a carrier fluid. Accordingly, improved methods of the present invention comprise the steps of preparing a wellbore treating fluid using a carrier fluid and zeolite, as previously described herein, and placing the fluid in a subterranean formation.
(0062 Preferred methods of treat;ng a well comprise the steps of providing a wellbore treating fluid comprising a carrier fluid and zeotite, and plating the wellbore treating fluid in a subterranean formation. Additional steps can include drilling, completing and/or stimulating a subterranean formation using the wellbore treating fluid and producing a fluid, e.g., a hydrocarbon fluid such as oil or gas, from the subterranean formation.
[OOfi3] Other embodiments of the current invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. However, the foregoing specification is considered merely exemplary of the current invention with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
.13
(0007j Spacer fluids are often used in oil and gas wells to facilitate improved displacement efficiency when pumping new fluids into the wel(bore. Spacer fluids are typically placed between one or more fluids contained within or to be pumped v~iithin the wellbore.
Spacer fluids are also used to enhance solids removal during drilling operations, to enhance displacement efficiency and to physically separate chemically incompatible fluids. Por instance, in primary cementing, the cement starry is separated from the drilling fluid and partially dehydrated gelled drilling fluid is removed from the walls of the wellbore by a spacer fluid pumped between the drilling fluid and the cement slurry: Spacer fluids may also be placed between different drilling fluids during drilling fluid change outs or between a drilling fluid and a completion brine.
[0008] While the preferred embodiments described herein relate to spacer fluids and cement compositions, it is understood that any treating fluids such as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, aadizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the tike can be prepared using zeolite and a carrier fluid. Acxordingfy, improved methods of the present invention comprise the steps of preparfng a wellbore treating fluid using a canyer fluid and zeolite, as previously described herein, and placing the fluid in a subterranean formation.
[0009] Therefore, treating fluids that have beneficial theological properties and are compatible with a variety of fluids are desirable.
Description [0010] Treating fluids, preferably spacer fluids and cement compositions, as well as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drtliing muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the like, for introduction into a subterranean zone penetrated by a welibore according to the present embodiment comprise zeolite and a carrier fluid. Preferably, the wel(bore treating fluids also include one or more of a viscos~er, an organic polymer, dispersants, surtactants and weighting w, 2 materials. Examples of wellbore treating fluids are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,444,668;
4.536,297; 5,716,910; 5,759,964; 5,990,052; 6,010,664; 6,213,213; 6,488,091 and 6,555,505, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
(0011] A preferred fluid for use in the present embodiment includes cementing camposinons as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 10/315,415 filed December 10, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
[0012] Preferably, the wellbore treating fluid is prepared as a dry mix including the zeolite and optionally the viscosifler, organic polymer and dispersants. Prior to use as a wellbore treating fluid, varying ratios of dry mix, weighting material, carrier fluid and optionally surfiactants are combined to yield the desired wellbore treating fluid density and viscosity.
[0013] Zeolites are porous alumino~silicate minerals that may be either a natural or manmade material. Manmade zeolites are based on the same type of structural cell as natural zeolites and are composed of aluminosilicate hydrates having the same basic formula as given below. It is understood that as used in this application, the term "zeolite"
means and encompasses alt natural and manmade forms of zeolites. All zeoiites are composed of a three-dimensional framework of SI04 and AIO~ in a tetrahedron, which rxeates a very high surface area. Canons and water molecules are entrained into the framework. Thus, all zeolites may be represented by the crystallographic unit cell formula:
Ma~nl{AIOz)a{Si02~~ ' ~z0 where M represents one or mare canons such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, li or Ba for natural zeolites and NH4, CHaNH3, (CHa)3NH, (CHa)4N, Ga, Ge and P for manmade zeolites; n represents the canon valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or aqua! to 5; and x represents the motes of water entrained into the zeotite framework.
[0014] Preferred zeolites for use in the wellbore treating fluid of the present embodiment include analcime (hydrated sodium aluminum silicate), bikitaite {lithium aluminum silicate), brewster3te (hydrated strontium barium calcium aluminum silicate), chabazite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), clinoptilolite {hydrated sodium aluminum silicate), faujasite (hydrated sodium potassium calcium magnesium aluminum silicate), harmatome (hydrated barium aluminum silicate), heulandite (hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate), laumontite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), mesolite .(hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate), natrolite (hydrated sodium aluminum silicate), pauiingite (hydrated potassium sodium calcium barium aluminum silicate), phillipsite (hydrated potassium sodium calcium aluminum silicate), scolecite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), stellerite (hydrated calcium aluminum silicate), stilbite (hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate) and thomsonite (hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate).
Most preferably, the zeolites for use in the spacer fluids of the present embodiment include chabazite and clinoptilolite.
(0015] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wellbore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 5 to 90% by weight of zeolites, and mare preferably from about fi4 to 7U%
by weight of zeolites.
[0016] As used herein the temp "viscosifier" means any agent that increases the viscosity of a fluid, and preferably produces a low density wellbore treating fluid preferably a spacer fluid which is compatible with drilling fluids, cement slurries and completion fluids. Agents which are useful as viscosifiers include, but are not limited to, colloidal agents, such as clays, polymers, guar gum; emulsion farming agents; diatomaceous earth; and starches. Suitable clays include kaotinites, montmoritlonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapuigite, sepiolite, and the like and also synthetic clays, such as laponite. The choice of a viscosifier depends upon the viscosity desired, chemical capability with the other fluids, and ease of filtsatson to remove solids from the tow density wellbore treating quid. Preferably, the viscosi5er is easily flocculated and filterable out of the wellbore treating fluid.
[001T] Preferably, the visvosifier is a clay and is preferably selected from the group consisting of sepiolite and attapulgite. Most preferably, the clay is sepiolite.
(0018] In a preferred embodiment, the welibore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 5 to 80%by weight of the viscosif~er, and more preferably from about 20 to 30%
by weight of the viscosifier.
[0019] The weilbore treating fluids of the present embodiment preferably include a polymeric material for use as a viscosifier or fluid loss control agent. Polymers which are suitable for use as a viscosifier or fluid loss control agent in accardance with the present embodiment include polymers which contain, in sufficient concentration and reactive position, one or more hydroxyl, cis-hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfate, sulfonate, amino or amide functional groups.
Particularly suitable polymers include polysaccharides and derivatives thereof which contain one or more of the following monasaccharide units: galactose, mannose, glucoside, glucose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, glucuranic acid or pyranosyl sulfate. Natural polymers containing the foregoing functional groups and units include guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, taro, konjak, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof. Modified gums such as carboxyalkyt derivatives, like carboxymethyl guar, and hydroxyalkyl derivatives, like hydroxypropyl guar can also be used. Doubly derivatized gums such as carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) can also be used.
(0020] Syntheflc polymers and copolymers which contain the above-mentioned functional groups and which can be utilized as a viscosifier or fluid loss control agent include, but are net limited to, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, malefic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
[0021] Modified celluloses and derivatives thereof, for example, cellulose ethers, esters and the like can also be used as the viscosifier or fluid toss control agent of the spacer fluids of the present embodiment. In general, any of the water-soluble cellulose ethers can be used. Thane cellulose ethers include, among ethers, the various carboxyalkylcellulose ethers, such as carboxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose {CMC); mixed ethers such as carboxyalkylethers, e.g., carboxymethylhydroxyethyicellufose (CMHEC);
hydroxyalkylcetlulo~ses such as hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropylcellulose;
alkylhydroxyatkyicelluloses such as methylhydroxypropylcellulose; alkylcelluloses such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose and propyicellulose; alkylcarboxyalkylcelluloses such as ethytcarboxymethylcellulose;
alkylalkylcellutoses such as rnethylethylcellulose;
hydroxyalkylalkylcelluloses such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; and the like.
[0022] Preferred polymers include those selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, sucxinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives, parflcularly hydroxyethylcellulose. In a preferred embodiment, the weilbore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 0 to 6°t° by weight of the polymers, and more preferably from about 1 to 3% by weight of the polymers.
[0023j The wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment preferably include a dispersant. Preferred dispersants include those selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene malefic anhydride copolymer, suifonated vinyltoluene malefic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, allyl sulfonate and non-ionic monomers. In a preferred embodiment, the wellbore treating fluid dry mix includes from about 1 to 18% by weight of the dispersant, and more preferably from 2~bout 9 to 11 % by weight of the dispersant.
[ao24] Preferably, the carrier fluid is an aqueous fluid, such as water, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsion, acids, or mixtures thereof. The preferred carrier fluid depends upon the type of drilling fluid utilized in drilling the wellbore, cost, availability, temperature stability, viscosity, clarity, and the like. Based on cost and availability, water is preferred.
[0025] Preferably, the water incorporated in the wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment, can be fresh water, unsaturated salt solution, including brines and seawater, and saturated salt solution. Generally, any type of water can be used, provided that it does not contain an excess of compounds, well known to those skilled in the art, that adversely affect properties of hydration.
(0026] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier fluid is present in'the wellbore treating fluid at a rate of from about 45 to 95% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid, and more preferably from about 65 to 75°/a by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid.
(0027] The wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment preferably include a weighting material. Prefen~d weighting materials include those selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate, also known as °barite", hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate. In a preferred embodiment of the~invention, the weighting material is present in the spacer fluid at a rate of from about 4 to 85% by volume of the prepared wellbare treating fluid, and more preferably from about 15 to 75% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid.
[0028] When the wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment are intended for use in the presence of oit-based drilling fluids or synthetic based drilling fluids, the wellbore treating fluids preferably include a surfactant.
(4029] According to this embodiment, preferred surfactants include nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, a-olefinsulfonates, aikylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,851,960 and 6,063,738, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Especially preferred surfactants include nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxy(ates and sugar lipids.
[0030] A suitable surfactant which is commeraally available from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Oklahoma under the trade name "AQF~2T'"" is a sodium salt of a-olefinic sulfonie acid {AOS) which is a miixture of compounds of the formulas:
~{H(CH2)n'-e%=~CHz)mS~aNa]
and Y[H(CH2)p---~Ct~H-{CHZ),~S03Na]
wherein:
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 77;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1.
roa3l~ Another suitable surfactant which is commeraally available from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Okia., under the trade designation "CFA-ST""" has the formula:
H(CHz)e(OCzH4)aOSO3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10.
[0032 Another suitable surfactant is comprised of an oxyafkyiatedsulfonate, which is commeraalty available from Hailiburton Energy Services, Duncan, Okla. under the trade designation "FDP-C485."
[0033] Still another suitable surfactant which is commercially available from Halliburton Energy Services under the trade designation "HOWCO-SUDST""" is an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CHz)a(OG2H4)aSOsNH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10.
[0034] Another suitable surtactant is comprised of alkylpolysaccharides and is. commercially available from Seppic, Inc. of Fairfieid, N.J, under the trade designation "SIMUSOL-10 "
[0035] Another suitable surfactant is cocoamine betaine and is commercially available under the tradename "HC-2" from Halliburton Energy Services of Duncan, Okla.
[0086] Another suitable surfactant is an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate having the formula:
H(CH2~(CJCztia)bOSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10.
(0037] Still another suitable surfactant is an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCHZCHzCH2N+(CH~)zCH2CO2 wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cety!
and oleyt.
[0038] Still another suitable surfactant is an alkyl or afkene amidapropyl dimethyl amine oxide surfactant having the fom7ula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CHa}z0-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyi, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
[0039) in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant is present in the wellbare treating fluid at a rate of from about 0 to 20% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating filuid, and more preferably from about 2 to 6% by volume of the prepared wellbore treating fluid.
~7 (0040] Spacer fluids are characterized by favorable: 30013 ratios. . A~ 300/3 ratio is defined as the 300 rpm shear stress divided by the 3 rpm shear stress measured on a Chandler or Fann Model 35 rotational viscometer using a B9 bob, an R1 sleeve and a No. 1 spring. An ideal spacer fluid would have a flat theology, i.e., a 30013 ratio approaching 1.
Moreover, an ideal spacer fluid would exhibit the same resistance to flow across a broad range of shear rates and limit thermal thinning, particularly at low shear rates.
(0041] When the wellbore treating fluids of the present embodiment are utilized as spacer fluids, the spacer fluids achieve 30013 ratios of 2 to 6. As a result, the compositions are welt suited for drilling fluid displacement. As shown in the following examples, the spacer fluids of the present embodiment have a relatively flat theology and are pseudo-plastic with a near constant shear stress profile.
(0042] In one embodiment, the zeolite-containing wellbore treating fluid may be prepared as a dry mix including some or all of the above-~identifed components, except for the carrier fluid.
[0043] In carrying out the methods of the present embodiment, a wellbore is treated by introducing into the wellbore a treating fluid comprising zeolite and a carrier fluid. Also, in carrying out the methods of the present embodiment, a first fluid is displaced with an incompatibte second fluid in a wellbore utilizing a wellbore treating fluid of the present embodiment to separate the first fluid from the second fluid and to remove the first fluid from the wellbore. In primary cementing applications, the wellbore treating fluid may be utilized as a spacer fluid and is generally introduced into the casing or other pipe to be cemented between drilling fluid in the casing and a cement slurry. The cement slurry is pumped down the casing whereby the spacer fluid ahead of the cement slurry displaces drilling fluid from the interior of the casing and from the annulus between the exterior of the casing and the watts of the wellbore.
The spacer fluid prevents the cement slurry from contacting the drilling fluid and thereby prevents severe viscosiflcation or flocculation which can completely plug the casing or the annulus. As the spacer fluid is pumped through the annulus, it aggressively removes partially dehydrated/gelled drilling fluid and filter cake solids from the wellbore and maintains the removed materials in suspension whereby they are removed from the annulus.
[0044] The following examples are illustrative of the methods and compositions discussed above.
i8 (0045] Eight spacer fluids ("Fluids") were prepared by combining the components as set forth in TABLE 1 below. SpeCiflcally, the dry mix materials, riamely the zeolite, fumed silica, silica flour or coarse silica, the sepiolite, hydrous magnesium silicate, diatomaceous earth, dispersants, Biozan, and HEC were combined in a one liter glass jar and mixed by hand. This dry mix was then added to the mixing water in a blaring blender at 4,000 RPM
in less Than 10 seconds. The weighting material (barium sulfate} was then added to the blaring blender at 4,000 RPM in less than 10 seconds. The blender speed was then increased to 12,000 RPM and allowed to mix for 3~ seconds. The dry mix components of the spacer fluids were. added at the indicated rate on fihe basis of percent by weight of the dry mix and the water and barium sulfate were added at the indicated rate on the basis of percent by volume of spacer fluid composition to achieve the indicated density. .
100461 Fluids 1-3 are zeolite-containing spacer fluids according to the present embodiment.
Chabazite, which is commerciatly~availabte from C2C Zeolite Corporation of Calgary, Canada was used as the zeolite for fluids 1-3. Sepiolite is commercially available from Baroid Gorporation of Houston, Texas. Hydroxyethylcetlulose "HEC" is commeraally available from DowIUnion Carbide of Midland, Michigan. Welan gum, a high molecular weight biopolymer, is commercially available from the Kelco Oil Field Group of Houston, Texas, under the trademark "BIOZAN." The dispersant is commercially available from National Starch 8~
Chemical Company of Newark, New Jersey under the trade name "Alcosperse 602 ND" and is a mixture of 8 parts sulfonated styrene malefic anhydride copolymer to 3.7b parts interpolymer of acrylic acid.
[0047] Fluids 4-8 are conventional fumed silica-containing spacer fluids.
Fumed silica is commercially available from Efken of Baltimore, Maryland.
[0048] Fluid 7 is a conventional silica flour-containing spacer fluid. Silica flour is commercially available from Unimin Corporation of New Canaan, Connecticut.
Hydrous magnesium silicate is commercialiy.available from Baroid Corporation of Houston, Texas.
[0049) Fluid 8 is a conventional coarse silica-containing spacewfluid. Coarse Silica was obtained from Unimin Corporation of New Canaan, Connecticut. Diatomaceous Earth is a commodity material commeraally available from many sources.
Components Fluid Fluid Fluid Fluid Fluid Fluid Ftuid Fluid Zeotite 66.0 66.0 66.0 - - - - - - -_ Fumed Silica- - - - 66.0 66.0 66.0 - --Silica Flour- _ - _ _ _ _ _ 94.54 -Coarse Silica- - - - _ _ _ - 35.3 Sepiolite 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 22.25 - - 11.8 Hydrous - - - - - _ _ _ _ 3.4 2.0 Magnesium Silicate Diatomaceous- - - - ' ' - - 41.1 Earth HEC 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 - --BtOZAN~ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 - -Dispersant 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 1.3 9.8 *Barium 4.75 16.18 27.71 4.75 16.18 27.71 18.19 26.85 Sulfate *VNater 90.8 80.0 69.3 90.8 80.0 69.3 60.7 68.6 Density lblgal10.0 13.0 16.0 10.0 13.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 *volume [0050 Fluids 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6-8 listed in TABLE 1 were designed to have densities of 10.0 Iblgal,13.0 Iblgal, and 16.0 Ib/gal, respectively.
[0051) Using a Fann Model 35 viscometer, the viscosity (in centipoise) of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) and fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6) from EXAMPLE 1 were measured at the indicated temperature, and the Fann Model 35 viscometer dial readings at the associated revolutions per minute listed in TABLE 2.
- ;10 Rheoto_txy Tests . Yield Comp. Temp. Meas urement mm cp._ Point 30013 at indicated, z TestedF. 600 300 200 100 60 30 6 3 1b1100ftRatio 1 80 43 30 25 19 15 12 7 6 11.9 5 130 35 26 21 16 13 11 7 5 10.5 5.2 190 31 23 20 16 14 12 9 8 12.2 2.9 4 80 40 27 23 19 16 14 9 7 14.2 3.9 130 32 24 21 18 15 12.5 9 8 13.4 3.0 190 29 21 18 15 13 12 _9 7.5.11.9 2.8 2 80 102 72 59 43 35 28 17 15 26.8 4.8 130 77 55 46 36 30 25 16 14 24.9 3.9 19Q 55 40 33 25 21 17 11 10 16.7 4.0 80 89 63 51 37 30 23 14 12 22.2 5.25 130 63 46 38 29 24 19 12 11 19 4.2 190 45 34. 27 20 18 15 10 8 14.1 4.25 3 80 172 123 101 75 62 50 36 31 48.5 4.0 ~
130 127 92 77 58 49 41 28 26 40 3.5 190 105 76 65 51 45 37 27 23 37.8 3.3 6 80 177 127 105 79 65 52 37 34 51.2 3.7 130 114 82 69 53 46 39 28 25 38.4 3.3 190 95 69 57 44 37 31 22 20 30.4 3.45 [0052 TABLE 2 shows that the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3} compare favorably with the fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6}, in that they have relatively high viscosities and relatively low 30013 ratios. Also, the yield points of the aeolite-containing spacers are comparable to the yield points of the silica-containing spacers. The yield point is a design parameter that determines the ratio of dry mix components to weighting materials to water.
[0053 Using a W.R. Grace Roto-tester, the pack set of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3} and fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6) from EXAMPLE
1 were measured.
[pp54~ The 2eolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) from EXAMPLE
1 had a pack set index of 21/22.
[0055] Fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6} from EXAMPLE
1 had a pack set index of 29!33. .
,11 [0056] The lower pack set index numbers of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids indicate that the zeolite-containing material will flaw more easily and will not pack as severely as the fumed silica-containing spacer fluids.
[0057] Using a 250 mL. graduated cylinder oriented in a vertical position, the percent settling of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) and fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluids 4, 5, and 6) from EXAMPLE 1 were measured. The spacer ~uids were prepared according to Section 5, API Recommended Practice 10B, 22"d Edition, December 1997. The results are shown in TABLE 3 below in terms of mL of free fluid in 250 mL.
Days Fluid Fluid ~ Fluid Fluid Ffuid Fluid 2 1.6 3.2 2.1 2.1 1.1 3.2 3 2.1 4.2 2.6 3.2 1.6 h.2 2,1 4.7 , 3.2 4.7 2.1 5.3 -2.1 5.3 . ~.7 2.6 6.3 3.7 [0Q58] The lower amount of free fluid in the spacer fluids prepared with zeolite (Fluids 1, 2, and 3) indicate better solids suspension.than the spacer fluids prepared with fumed silica (Fluids 4, 5, and 6).
[~a59~ Using a FANN 35 viscometer, the viscosity of one of the zeolite-containing spacer fluids (Fluid 3), one of the fumed silica-containing spacer fluids (Fluid 6), the silica flaur-containing spacer fluid (Fluid 7), and the coarse silica-containing spacer fluid (Fluid 8}, from EXAMPLE 1 were measured at three temperatures, and the FANN dial reading at 300 rpm was divided by the FANN dial reading at 3 rpm to give the 30013 ratios listed in TABLE 4.
Rheology Fluid 3 Fluid 6 Fluid 7 ~ Fluid 8 ~
300/3 ratio 4.0 3.7 11.0 9.0 at 80F
30013 ratio 3.5 -. 3.3 7.8 5.8 at 135F
30013 ratio 3.3 3.4 &.3 5.6 at 190F
(OOS~~ The consistent 30013 ratios exhibited by the zeolite-containing spacer fluid over a wide temperature range indicates its superiority aver standard silica-containing spacer fluids.
[0081 While the preferred embodiments described herein relate to spacer fluids and cement compositions, it is understood that any wellbore treating fluids such as drilling, completion and stimulation fluids including, but not limited to, drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids and the like can be prepared using zeofrte and a carrier fluid. Accordingly, improved methods of the present invention comprise the steps of preparing a wellbore treating fluid using a carrier fluid and zeolite, as previously described herein, and placing the fluid in a subterranean formation.
(0062 Preferred methods of treat;ng a well comprise the steps of providing a wellbore treating fluid comprising a carrier fluid and zeotite, and plating the wellbore treating fluid in a subterranean formation. Additional steps can include drilling, completing and/or stimulating a subterranean formation using the wellbore treating fluid and producing a fluid, e.g., a hydrocarbon fluid such as oil or gas, from the subterranean formation.
[OOfi3] Other embodiments of the current invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. However, the foregoing specification is considered merely exemplary of the current invention with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
.13
Claims (6)
1. A method of displacing a first fluid with a second fluid in a wellbore, comprising:
introducing into the wellbore a wellbore treating fluid to separate the first fluid from the.
second fluid and to remove the first fluid from the wellbore in advance of the second fluid, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises zeolite and a carrier fluid.
introducing into the wellbore a wellbore treating fluid to separate the first fluid from the.
second fluid and to remove the first fluid from the wellbore in advance of the second fluid, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises zeolite and a carrier fluid.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising a viscosifier.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the wellbore treating fluid further comprises one or more of an organic polymer, dispersants, surfactants and weighting materials.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the zeolite is represented by the formula:
M a/n[(AIO2)a(SiO2)n]-xH2O
where M represents one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, li, Ba,NH4, CH3NH3, (CH3)3NH, (CH3)4N, Ga, Ge and P; n represents the cation valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5;
and x represents the moles of water entrained into the zeolite framework.
M a/n[(AIO2)a(SiO2)n]-xH2O
where M represents one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, li, Ba,NH4, CH3NH3, (CH3)3NH, (CH3)4N, Ga, Ge and P; n represents the cation valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5;
and x represents the moles of water entrained into the zeolite framework.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of analcime; bikitaite, brewsterite, chabazite, clinoptilolite, faujasite,harmotome, heulandite, laumontite, mesolite, natrolite, paulingite, phillipsite, scolecite, stellerite, stilbite, and thomsonite.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wellborn treating fluid comprises from about 5 to 90% by weight of the zeolite.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 60 to 70% by weight of the zeolite.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of an aqueous fluid, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsions, acids and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 45 to 95% by volume of water.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 65 to 75% by volume of water.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein the viscosifier is selected from the group consisting of colloidal agents, emulsion forming agents, diatomaceous earth and starches.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the viscosifier is a colloidal agent selected from the group consisting of clays, polymers and guar gum.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the viscosifier is a clay selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, montmorillonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapulgite, sepiolite and laponite.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the wellbore treating fluid, comprises from about 5 to 80% by weight of the viscosifier.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the wellbore treating fluid, comprises from about 20 to 30% by weight of the viscosifier.
17. The method of claim 3 wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, taro, konjak, tamarind, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellucose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, ethylcarboxymethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose and guar gum.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the organic polymer comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 0 to
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the wellborn treating fluid comprises from about 5 to 90% by weight of the zeolite.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 60 to 70% by weight of the zeolite.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of an aqueous fluid, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsions, acids and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 45 to 95% by volume of water.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 65 to 75% by volume of water.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein the viscosifier is selected from the group consisting of colloidal agents, emulsion forming agents, diatomaceous earth and starches.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the viscosifier is a colloidal agent selected from the group consisting of clays, polymers and guar gum.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the viscosifier is a clay selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, montmorillonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapulgite, sepiolite and laponite.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the wellbore treating fluid, comprises from about 5 to 80% by weight of the viscosifier.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the wellbore treating fluid, comprises from about 20 to 30% by weight of the viscosifier.
17. The method of claim 3 wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, taro, konjak, tamarind, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellucose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, ethylcarboxymethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose and guar gum.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the organic polymer comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 0 to
6% by weight of the organic polymer.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 3% by weight of the organic polymer.
23. The method of claim 3, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises a dispersant selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sulfonated vinyltoluene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, ally sulfonate and non-ionic monomers.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 18% by weight of the dispersant.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 9 to 11% by weight of the dispersant.
26. The method of claim 3, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of (a) a sodium salt of .alpha.-olefinic sulfonic acid which is a mixture of compounds of the formulas:
X[H(CH2)n-C=C-(CH2)m SO3Na]
and Y[H(CH2)p-COH-(CH2)q SO3Na]
wherein:
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 17;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1;
(b) a composition having the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)OSO3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10;
(c) oxyalkylated sulfonate;
(d) an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b SO3NH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(e) cocoamine betaine;
(f) an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b OSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(g) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2CO2-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl; and (h) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2O-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 0 to 20% by volume of the surfactant.
29. The method of claim 26, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 2 to 6% by volume of the surfactant.
30. The method of claim 3, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises a weighting material and the weighting material is selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 4 to 85% by volume of the weighting material.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 15 to 75% by volume of the weighting material.
33. A treating fluid composition comprising:
zeolite and a carrier fluid.
34. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid is selected from the group consisting of drilling fluids, completion fluids and stimulation fluids.
35. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid is selected from the group consisting of drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids and fracturing fluids.
36. The treating fluid composition of claim 35, wherein the treating fluid comprises a spacer fluid.
37. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, further comprising a viscosifier.
38. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, further comprising one or more of an organic polymer, dispersants, surfactants and weighting materials.
39. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the zeolite is represented by the formula:
M a/n[(AlO2)a(SiO2)b] ' xH2O
where M represents one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Li, Ba,NH4, CH3NH3, (CH3)3NH, (CH3)4N Ga; Ge and P; n represents the cation valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5; and x represents the moles of water entrained into the zeolite framework.
40. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of analcime, bikitaite, brewsterite, chabazite, clinoptilolite, faulasite, harmotome, heulandite, laumontite, mesolite, natrolite, paulingite, phillipsite, scolecite, stellerite, stilbite, and thomsonite.
41. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 5 to 90% by weight of the zeolite.
42. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 60 to 70% by weight of the zeolite.
43. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of an aqueous fluid, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsions, acids and mixtures thereof.
44. The treating fluid composition of claim 43, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water.
45. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 45 to 95% by volume of the carrier fluid.
46. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 65 to 75% by volume of the carrier fluid.
47. The treating fluid composition of claim 37, wherein the viscosifier is selected from the group consisting of colloidal agents, emulsion forming agents, diatomaceous earth and starches.
48. The treating fluid composition of claim 47, wherein the viscosifier is a colloidal agent selected from the group consisting of clays, polymers and guar gum.
49. The treating fluid composition of claim 48, wherein the viscosifier is a day selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, montmorillonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapulgite, sepiolite, and laponite.
50. The treating fluid composition of claim 37, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 5 to 80% by weight of the viscosifier.
51. The treating fluid composition of claim 37, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 20 to 30% by weight of the viscosifier.
52. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, comprising an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, tars, konjak, tamarind, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, ethylcarboxymethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
53. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose and guar gum.
54. The treating fluid composition of claim 53, wherein the organic polymer comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
55. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives.
56. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 0 to 6% by weight of the organic polymer.
57. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 1 to 3% by weight of the organic polymer.
58. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, comprising a dispersant selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sulfonated vinyltoluene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, allyl sulfonate and non-ionic monomers.
59. The treating fluid composition of claim 58, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 1 to 18% by weight of a dispersant.
60. The treating fluid composition of claim 58, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 9 to 11% by weight of a dispersant.
61. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides.
62. The treating fluid composition of claim 61, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a sodium salt of .alpha.-olefinic sulfonic acid which is a mixture of compounds of the formulas:
X[H(CH2)n-C=(CH2)m SO3Na]
and Y[H(CH2)p-COH-(CH2)q SO3Na]
wherein:
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 17;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1;
(b) a composition having the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)3OSC3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10;
(c) oxyalkylated sulfonate;
(d) an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b SO3NH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(e) cocoamine betaine;
(f) an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b OSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(g) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2CO2-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl; and (h) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N'+(CH3)2)-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
63. The treating fluid composition of claim 61, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 0 to 20% by volume of the surfactant.
64. The treating fluid composition of claim 61, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 2 to 6% by volume of the surfactant.
65. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises a weighting material selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate.
66. The treating fluid composition of claim 65, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 4 to 85% by volume of the weighting material.
67. The treating fluid composition of claim 65, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 15 to 75% by volume of the weighting material.
68. A method of treating a wellbore, comprising:
introducing into the wellbore a treating fluid comprising zeolite and a carrier fluid.
68. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid is selected from the group consisting of drilling fluids, completion fluids and stimulation fluids.
70. The method of claim 68 wherein the treating fluid is selected from, the group consisting of drilling muds, welt cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids and fracturing fluids.
71. The method of claim 68, further comprising drilling, completing and/or stimulating a subterranean formation penetrated by the wellbore using the treating fluid.
72. The method of claim 71 further comprising producing fluid from the subterranean formation.
73. The method of claim 72, wherein the fluid produced from the subterranean formation is oil and/or gas.
74. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises a spacer fluid.
75. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid further comprises a viscosfier.
76. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid further comprises one or more of an organic polymer, dispersants, surfactants and weighting materials.
77. The method of claim 68, wherein the zeolite is represented by the formula:
Ma/n(AlO2)a(SiO2)h].cndot. xH2CO
where M represents one or more rations selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Li, Ba,NH4, CH3NH3, (CH3)3NH, (CH3)4N, Ga, Ge and P; n represents the ration valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5; and x represents the moles of water entrained into the zeolite framework.
78. The method of claim 68, wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of analcime, bikitaite, brewsterite, chabazite, clinoptilolite, faujasite, harmotome, heulandite, laumontite, mesolite, natrolite, paulingite, phillipsite, scolecite, stellerite, stilbite, and thomsonite.
79. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 5 to 90% by weight of the zeolite.
80. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 80 to 70% by weight of the zeolite.
81. The method of claim 68, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of an aqueous fluid, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsions, acids and mixtures thereof.
82. The method of claim 81, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water.
83. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 45 to 95% by volume of the carrier fluid.
84. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 65 to 75% by volume of the carrier fluid.
85. The method of claim 75, wherein the viscosifier is selected from the group consisting of colloidal agents, emulsion forming agents, diatomaceous earth and starches.
86. The method of claim 85, wherein the viscosifier is a colloidal agent selected from the group consisting of clays, polymers and guar gum.
87. The method of claim 88, wherein the viscosifier is a clay selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, montmorillonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapulgite, sepiolite, and laponite.
88. The method of claim 75, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 5 to 80% by weight of the viscosifier.
89. The method of claim 75, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 20 to 30% by weight of the viscosfier.
90. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, tara, konjak, tamarind, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, ethylcarboxymethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
91. The method of claim 90, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose and guar gum.
92. The method of claim 91, wherein the organic polymer comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
93. The method of claim 90, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives.
94. The method of claim 90, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 0 to 6% by weight of the organic polymer.
95. The method of claim 90, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 3% by weight of the organic polymer.
96. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises a dispersant selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sulfonated vinyltoluene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, allyl sulfonate and non-ionic monomers.
97. The method of claim 96, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 18% by weight of a dispersant.
98. The method of claim 96, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 9 to 11% by weight of a dispersant.
99. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides.
100. The method of claim 99, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a sodium salt of .alpha.-olefinic sulfonic acid which is a mixture of compounds of the formulas:
and wherein:
X[H(CH2)n-C=C-(CH2)m SO3Na]
Y[H(CH2)p-COH-(CH2)q SO3Na]
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 17;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1;
(b) a composition having the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)2OSO3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10;
(c) oxyalkylated sulfonate;
(d) an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b SO3NH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(e) cocoamine betaine;
(f) an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2)a(OC2H4)b OSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 14 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(g) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2CO2-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl; and (h) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2O-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
101. The method of claim 99, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 0 to 20% by volume of the surfactant.
102. The method of claim 98, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 2 to 6% by volume of the surfactant.
103. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises a weighting material selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate.
104. The method of claim 103, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 4 to 85% by volume of the weighting material.
105. The method of claim 103, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 15 to 75% by volume of the weighting material.
22. The method of claim 17, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 3% by weight of the organic polymer.
23. The method of claim 3, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises a dispersant selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sulfonated vinyltoluene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, ally sulfonate and non-ionic monomers.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 18% by weight of the dispersant.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 9 to 11% by weight of the dispersant.
26. The method of claim 3, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of (a) a sodium salt of .alpha.-olefinic sulfonic acid which is a mixture of compounds of the formulas:
X[H(CH2)n-C=C-(CH2)m SO3Na]
and Y[H(CH2)p-COH-(CH2)q SO3Na]
wherein:
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 17;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1;
(b) a composition having the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)OSO3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10;
(c) oxyalkylated sulfonate;
(d) an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b SO3NH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(e) cocoamine betaine;
(f) an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b OSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(g) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2CO2-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl; and (h) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2O-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 0 to 20% by volume of the surfactant.
29. The method of claim 26, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 2 to 6% by volume of the surfactant.
30. The method of claim 3, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises a weighting material and the weighting material is selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 4 to 85% by volume of the weighting material.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein the wellbore treating fluid comprises from about 15 to 75% by volume of the weighting material.
33. A treating fluid composition comprising:
zeolite and a carrier fluid.
34. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid is selected from the group consisting of drilling fluids, completion fluids and stimulation fluids.
35. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid is selected from the group consisting of drilling muds, well cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids and fracturing fluids.
36. The treating fluid composition of claim 35, wherein the treating fluid comprises a spacer fluid.
37. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, further comprising a viscosifier.
38. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, further comprising one or more of an organic polymer, dispersants, surfactants and weighting materials.
39. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the zeolite is represented by the formula:
M a/n[(AlO2)a(SiO2)b] ' xH2O
where M represents one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Li, Ba,NH4, CH3NH3, (CH3)3NH, (CH3)4N Ga; Ge and P; n represents the cation valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5; and x represents the moles of water entrained into the zeolite framework.
40. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of analcime, bikitaite, brewsterite, chabazite, clinoptilolite, faulasite, harmotome, heulandite, laumontite, mesolite, natrolite, paulingite, phillipsite, scolecite, stellerite, stilbite, and thomsonite.
41. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 5 to 90% by weight of the zeolite.
42. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 60 to 70% by weight of the zeolite.
43. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of an aqueous fluid, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsions, acids and mixtures thereof.
44. The treating fluid composition of claim 43, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water.
45. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 45 to 95% by volume of the carrier fluid.
46. The treating fluid composition of claim 33, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 65 to 75% by volume of the carrier fluid.
47. The treating fluid composition of claim 37, wherein the viscosifier is selected from the group consisting of colloidal agents, emulsion forming agents, diatomaceous earth and starches.
48. The treating fluid composition of claim 47, wherein the viscosifier is a colloidal agent selected from the group consisting of clays, polymers and guar gum.
49. The treating fluid composition of claim 48, wherein the viscosifier is a day selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, montmorillonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapulgite, sepiolite, and laponite.
50. The treating fluid composition of claim 37, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 5 to 80% by weight of the viscosifier.
51. The treating fluid composition of claim 37, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 20 to 30% by weight of the viscosifier.
52. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, comprising an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, tars, konjak, tamarind, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, ethylcarboxymethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
53. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose and guar gum.
54. The treating fluid composition of claim 53, wherein the organic polymer comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
55. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives.
56. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 0 to 6% by weight of the organic polymer.
57. The treating fluid composition of claim 52, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 1 to 3% by weight of the organic polymer.
58. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, comprising a dispersant selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sulfonated vinyltoluene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, allyl sulfonate and non-ionic monomers.
59. The treating fluid composition of claim 58, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 1 to 18% by weight of a dispersant.
60. The treating fluid composition of claim 58, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 9 to 11% by weight of a dispersant.
61. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides.
62. The treating fluid composition of claim 61, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a sodium salt of .alpha.-olefinic sulfonic acid which is a mixture of compounds of the formulas:
X[H(CH2)n-C=(CH2)m SO3Na]
and Y[H(CH2)p-COH-(CH2)q SO3Na]
wherein:
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 17;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1;
(b) a composition having the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)3OSC3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10;
(c) oxyalkylated sulfonate;
(d) an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b SO3NH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(e) cocoamine betaine;
(f) an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b OSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(g) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2CO2-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl; and (h) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N'+(CH3)2)-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
63. The treating fluid composition of claim 61, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 0 to 20% by volume of the surfactant.
64. The treating fluid composition of claim 61, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 2 to 6% by volume of the surfactant.
65. The treating fluid composition of claim 38, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises a weighting material selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate.
66. The treating fluid composition of claim 65, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 4 to 85% by volume of the weighting material.
67. The treating fluid composition of claim 65, wherein the treating fluid composition comprises from about 15 to 75% by volume of the weighting material.
68. A method of treating a wellbore, comprising:
introducing into the wellbore a treating fluid comprising zeolite and a carrier fluid.
68. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid is selected from the group consisting of drilling fluids, completion fluids and stimulation fluids.
70. The method of claim 68 wherein the treating fluid is selected from, the group consisting of drilling muds, welt cleanup fluids, workover fluids, conformance fluids, gravel pack fluids, acidizing fluids and fracturing fluids.
71. The method of claim 68, further comprising drilling, completing and/or stimulating a subterranean formation penetrated by the wellbore using the treating fluid.
72. The method of claim 71 further comprising producing fluid from the subterranean formation.
73. The method of claim 72, wherein the fluid produced from the subterranean formation is oil and/or gas.
74. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises a spacer fluid.
75. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid further comprises a viscosfier.
76. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid further comprises one or more of an organic polymer, dispersants, surfactants and weighting materials.
77. The method of claim 68, wherein the zeolite is represented by the formula:
Ma/n(AlO2)a(SiO2)h].cndot. xH2CO
where M represents one or more rations selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Li, Ba,NH4, CH3NH3, (CH3)3NH, (CH3)4N, Ga, Ge and P; n represents the ration valence; the ratio of b:a is in a range from greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5; and x represents the moles of water entrained into the zeolite framework.
78. The method of claim 68, wherein the zeolite is selected from the group consisting of analcime, bikitaite, brewsterite, chabazite, clinoptilolite, faujasite, harmotome, heulandite, laumontite, mesolite, natrolite, paulingite, phillipsite, scolecite, stellerite, stilbite, and thomsonite.
79. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 5 to 90% by weight of the zeolite.
80. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 80 to 70% by weight of the zeolite.
81. The method of claim 68, wherein the carrier fluid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of an aqueous fluid, hydrocarbon-based liquids, emulsions, acids and mixtures thereof.
82. The method of claim 81, wherein the carrier fluid comprises water.
83. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 45 to 95% by volume of the carrier fluid.
84. The method of claim 68, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 65 to 75% by volume of the carrier fluid.
85. The method of claim 75, wherein the viscosifier is selected from the group consisting of colloidal agents, emulsion forming agents, diatomaceous earth and starches.
86. The method of claim 85, wherein the viscosifier is a colloidal agent selected from the group consisting of clays, polymers and guar gum.
87. The method of claim 88, wherein the viscosifier is a clay selected from the group consisting of kaolinites, montmorillonite, bentonite, hydrous micas, attapulgite, sepiolite, and laponite.
88. The method of claim 75, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 5 to 80% by weight of the viscosifier.
89. The method of claim 75, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 20 to 30% by weight of the viscosfier.
90. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises an organic polymer selected from the group consisting of guar gum and derivatives thereof, locust bean gum, tara, konjak, tamarind, starch, cellulose, karaya gum, welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, tragacanth gum, arabic gum, ghatti gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan and derivatives thereof, carboxymethyl guar, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, maleic anhydride, methylvinyl ether copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, propylcellulose, ethylcarboxymethylcellulose, methylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
91. The method of claim 90, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose and guar gum.
92. The method of claim 91, wherein the organic polymer comprises hydroxyethylcellulose.
93. The method of claim 90, wherein the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of welan gum, xanthan gum, galactomannan gums, succinoglycan gums, scleroglucan gums, and cellulose and its derivatives.
94. The method of claim 90, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 0 to 6% by weight of the organic polymer.
95. The method of claim 90, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 3% by weight of the organic polymer.
96. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises a dispersant selected from the group consisting of sulfonated styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, sulfonated vinyltoluene maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium naphthalene sulfonate condensed with formaldehyde, sulfonated acetone condensed with formaldehyde, lignosulfonates and interpolymers of acrylic acid, allyloxybenzene sulfonate, allyl sulfonate and non-ionic monomers.
97. The method of claim 96, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 1 to 18% by weight of a dispersant.
98. The method of claim 96, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 9 to 11% by weight of a dispersant.
99. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises a surfactant selected from the group consisting of nonylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, sugar lipids, .alpha.-olefinsulfonates, alkylpolyglycosides, alcohol sulfates, salts of ethoxylated alcohol sulfates, alkyl amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides and alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxides.
100. The method of claim 99, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a sodium salt of .alpha.-olefinic sulfonic acid which is a mixture of compounds of the formulas:
and wherein:
X[H(CH2)n-C=C-(CH2)m SO3Na]
Y[H(CH2)p-COH-(CH2)q SO3Na]
n and m are individually integers in the range of from about 6 to about 16;
p and q are individually integers in the range of from about 7 to about 17;
and X and Y are fractions with the sum of X and Y being 1;
(b) a composition having the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)2OSO3Na wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10;
(c) oxyalkylated sulfonate;
(d) an alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2H4)b SO3NH4+
wherein:
a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 10; and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(e) cocoamine betaine;
(f) an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate of the formula:
H(CH2)a(OC2)a(OC2H4)b OSO3NH4+
wherein a is an integer in the range of from about 6 to about 14 and b is an integer in the range of from about 3 to about 10;
(g) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2CO2-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl; and (h) an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant having the formula:
R-CONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2O-wherein R is a radical selected from the group of decyl, cocoyl, lauryl, cetyl and oleyl.
101. The method of claim 99, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 0 to 20% by volume of the surfactant.
102. The method of claim 98, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 2 to 6% by volume of the surfactant.
103. The method of claim 76, wherein the treating fluid comprises a weighting material selected from the group consisting of barite, hematite, manganese tetraoxide, ilmenite and calcium carbonate.
104. The method of claim 103, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 4 to 85% by volume of the weighting material.
105. The method of claim 103, wherein the treating fluid comprises from about 15 to 75% by volume of the weighting material.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/623,443 US7544640B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2003-07-18 | Zeolite-containing treating fluid |
| US10/623,443 | 2003-07-18 | ||
| PCT/GB2004/003094 WO2005014754A1 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-07-15 | Zeolite-containing treating fluid |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2532146A1 CA2532146A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| CA2532146C true CA2532146C (en) | 2010-06-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2532146 Expired - Fee Related CA2532146C (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-07-15 | Zeolite-containing treating fluid |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7544640B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2532146C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005014754A1 (en) |
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| CN108329896A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High temperature resistance artificial clay and preparation method thereof and water-base drilling fluid |
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| US7021380B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-04-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Compositions comprising set retarder compositions and associated methods |
| US20050034864A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2005-02-17 | Caveny William J. | Cement compositions with improved fluid loss characteristics and methods of cementing in surface and subterranean applications |
| US7073585B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-07-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement compositions with improved fluid loss characteristics and methods of cementing in surface and subterranean applications |
| US7448450B2 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2008-11-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drilling and cementing with fluids containing zeolite |
| US6840319B1 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2005-01-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods, compositions and biodegradable fluid loss control additives for cementing subterranean zones |
| US7297664B2 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2007-11-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cement-free zeolite and fly ash settable fluids and methods therefor |
| US7182137B2 (en) * | 2004-09-13 | 2007-02-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Cementitious compositions containing interground cement clinker and zeolite |
| US7296626B2 (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2007-11-20 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Liquid additive for reducing water-soluble chromate |
| US20080066652A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Michael Fraser | Low density cements for use in cementing operations |
-
2003
- 2003-07-18 US US10/623,443 patent/US7544640B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-15 WO PCT/GB2004/003094 patent/WO2005014754A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-07-15 CA CA 2532146 patent/CA2532146C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108329896A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-07-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | High temperature resistance artificial clay and preparation method thereof and water-base drilling fluid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7544640B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 |
| US20040108113A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
| CA2532146A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| WO2005014754A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
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