CA2543963A1 - Hydrocarbon recovery from impermeable oil shales - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon recovery from impermeable oil shales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2543963A1 CA2543963A1 CA002543963A CA2543963A CA2543963A1 CA 2543963 A1 CA2543963 A1 CA 2543963A1 CA 002543963 A CA002543963 A CA 002543963A CA 2543963 A CA2543963 A CA 2543963A CA 2543963 A1 CA2543963 A1 CA 2543963A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fracture
- fractures
- fluid
- wells
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims 4
- 235000015076 Shorea robusta Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 244000166071 Shorea robusta Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2405—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection in association with fracturing or crevice forming processes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
An economic method for in situ maturing and production of oil shale or other deep-lying, impermeable resources containing immobile hydrocarbons. Vertical fractures are created using horizontal or vertical wells. The same or other wells are used to inject pressurized fluids heated to less than approximately 370~ C, and to return the cooled fluid for reheating and recycling. The heat transferred to the oil shale gradually matures the kerogen to oil and gas as the temperature in the shale is brought up, and also promotes permeability within the shale in the form of small fractures sufficient to allow the shale to flow into the well fractures where the product is collected commingled with the heating fluid and separated out before the heating fluid is recycled.
Claims (26)
1. An in situ method for maturing and producing oil and gas from a deep-lying, impermeable formation containing immobile hydrocarbons, comprising the steps of:
(a) pressure fracturing a region of the hydrocarbon formation, creating a plurality of substantially vertical, propped fractures;
(b) injecting under pressure a heated fluid into a first part of each vertical fracture, and recovering the injected fluid from a second part of each fracture for reheating and recirculation, said pressure being less than the fracture opening pressure, said injected fluid being heated sufficiently that the fluid temperature upon entering each fracture is at least 260°C but not more than 370°C, and the separation between said first and second parts of each fracture being less than or approximately equal to 200 meters;
(c) recovering, commingled with the injected fluid, oil and gas matured in the region of the hydrocarbon formation due to heating of the region by the injected fluid, the permeability of the formation being increased by such heating thereby allowing flow of the oil and gas into the fractures; and (d) separating the produced oil and gas from the recovered injection fluid.
(a) pressure fracturing a region of the hydrocarbon formation, creating a plurality of substantially vertical, propped fractures;
(b) injecting under pressure a heated fluid into a first part of each vertical fracture, and recovering the injected fluid from a second part of each fracture for reheating and recirculation, said pressure being less than the fracture opening pressure, said injected fluid being heated sufficiently that the fluid temperature upon entering each fracture is at least 260°C but not more than 370°C, and the separation between said first and second parts of each fracture being less than or approximately equal to 200 meters;
(c) recovering, commingled with the injected fluid, oil and gas matured in the region of the hydrocarbon formation due to heating of the region by the injected fluid, the permeability of the formation being increased by such heating thereby allowing flow of the oil and gas into the fractures; and (d) separating the produced oil and gas from the recovered injection fluid.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon formation is oil shale.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fractures are substantially parallel.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein at least eight fractures are created, spaced substantially uniformly at a spacing in the range 10-60 m, said fractures being propped to have permeability of at least 200 Darcy.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one well is used to create the fractures and to inject and recover the heated fluid from the fractures.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein all wells are vertical wells.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein all wells are horizontal wells.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein wells used to create fractures are also used for injection and recovery.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the injection and recovery wells have a plurality of completions in each fracture, at least one completion being used for injection of the heated fluid and at least one completion being used for recovery of the injected fluid.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the injection and return completions are periodically reversed to cause a more even temperature profile across the fracture.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the wells lie substantially within the plane of their associated fractures.
12. The method of claim 5, wherein the planes of the fractures are substantially parallel and the wells are horizontal and substantially perpendicular to the planes of the fractures.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the injected fluid has a volumetric thermal density of at least 30,000 kJ/m3 as calculated by the difference between the mass enthalpy at the fracture entry temperature and at 270°C and multiplying by the mass density at the fracture entry temperature.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the injected fluid is a hydrocarbon.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the hydrocarbon is naphtha.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the injected hydrocarbon fluid is obtained from the recovered oil and gas.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the injected fluid is water.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the injected fluid is saturated steam and the injection pressure is in the range 1,200 - 3,000 psia, but not more than the fracture opening pressure.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the heated region of the formation is at least 1,000 ft.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating of the hydrocarbon formation is continued at least until the temperature distribution across each fracture is substantially constant.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the heated region of the hydrocarbon formation is below the lowest-lying aquifer and a patchwork of sections of the hydrocarbon formation are left unheated to serve as pillars to prevent subsidence.
22. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure maintained in each fracture is at least 50% of the fracture opening pressure.
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid pressure maintained in each fracture is at least 80% of the fracture opening pressure.
24. The method of claim l, wherein non-Darcy flow of the injected fluid is substantially maintained throughout each fracture to the degree that the velocity squared term in the Ergun equation contributes at least 25% of the pressure drop calculated by such equation.
25. The method of claim 5, wherein wells that intersect fractures are drilled while the fractures are pressurized above the drilling mud pressure.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein a degradation or coking inhibitor is added to the injected fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US51677903P | 2003-11-03 | 2003-11-03 | |
| US60/516,779 | 2003-11-03 | ||
| PCT/US2004/024947 WO2005045192A1 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2004-07-30 | Hydrocarbon recovery from impermeable oil shales |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2543963A1 true CA2543963A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| CA2543963C CA2543963C (en) | 2012-09-11 |
Family
ID=34572895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2543963A Expired - Fee Related CA2543963C (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2004-07-30 | Hydrocarbon recovery from impermeable oil shales |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7441603B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1689973A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1875168B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2004288130B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2543963C (en) |
| EA (1) | EA010677B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL174966A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005045192A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200603083B (en) |
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| AU2004288130A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| AU2004288130B2 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
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