CA2563138A1 - High gloss emulsion aggregation toner incorporating aluminized silica as a coagulating agent - Google Patents

High gloss emulsion aggregation toner incorporating aluminized silica as a coagulating agent Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2563138A1
CA2563138A1 CA002563138A CA2563138A CA2563138A1 CA 2563138 A1 CA2563138 A1 CA 2563138A1 CA 002563138 A CA002563138 A CA 002563138A CA 2563138 A CA2563138 A CA 2563138A CA 2563138 A1 CA2563138 A1 CA 2563138A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
acrylate polymer
toner
crosslinked styrene
styrene acrylate
glass transition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002563138A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2563138C (en
Inventor
David J. Sanders
Allan K. Chen
Raj D. Patel
Daryl W. Vanbesien
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication of CA2563138A1 publication Critical patent/CA2563138A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2563138C publication Critical patent/CA2563138C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0819—Developers with toner particles characterised by the dimensions of the particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
    • G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08728—Polymers of esters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
    • G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
    • G03G9/09321—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
    • G03G9/09342—Inorganic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
    • G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
    • G03G9/09364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
    • G03G9/09385—Inorganic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/09392—Preparation thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
    • G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
    • G03G9/09725—Silicon-oxides; Silicates

Abstract

The toner includes emulsion aggregation toner particles of a binder includin g a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, at least one colorant, at least on e wax, and aluminized silica, wherein an amount of aluminum metal in the toner particle s is from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm. Such toner is able to provide a high level of gloss while maintaining a low minimum fixing temperature. The aluminized silica ac ts as a coagulant during the emulsion aggregation formation process of the toner.</S DOAB>

Claims (23)

1. A toner comprising emulsion aggregation toner particles comprising a binder including a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, at least one colorant, at least one wax, and aluminized silica, wherein an amount of aluminum metal in the toner particles is from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm.
2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the amount of aluminum is achieved by addition of a sequestering agent to the toner.
3. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer is a styrene butyl acrylate polymer.
4. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer is derived from monomers including styrene, butyl acrylate and .beta.-carboxyethyl acrylate.
5. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer has a weight average molecular weight of from about 25,000 to about 40,000 and an onset glass transition temperature of from about 49°C to about 58°C.
6. The toner according to claim l, wherein the wax has a melting point of from about 70°C to about 100°C.
7. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner is comprised of from about 70% to about 95% by weight of the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, from about 5% to about 15% by weight of the wax, from about 2% to about 10% by weight of the colorant, and from about 0.5 to about 50 pph of the aluminized silica by weight of toner.
8. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles make up a core, and further included thereon is a shell layer comprised of a second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer having a glass transition temperature higher than a glass transition temperature of the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer.
9. The toner according to claim 8, wherein the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer and the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the shell are derived from a same set of monomers.
10. The toner according to claim 8, wherein the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer has a glass transition temperature of about 45°C to about 65°C, the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the shell has a glass transition temperature of about 50°C to about 70°C, and wherein the glass transition temperature of the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the shell is at least about 4°C higher than the glass transition temperature of the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer.
11. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner particles have an average particle size of from about 2 µm to about 10 µm, an average circularity of about 0.93 to about 0.98, a shape factor of from about 120 to about 140, and a volume geometric standard deviation for (D84/D50) in the range of from about 1.15 to about 1.25.
12. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner exhibits a gloss of at least about 30 GGU on plain paper.
13. A toner comprising emulsion aggregation toner particles comprising a core and a shell, wherein the core is comprised of a binder including a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, at least one colorant, at least one wax, and aluminized silica, and wherein the shell is comprised of a second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer having a glass transition temperature higher than a glass transition temperature of the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer.
14. The toner according to claim 13, wherein the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer and the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the shell are derived from a same set of monomers.
15. The toner according to claim 14, wherein the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer and the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer are each derived from monomers including styrene, butyl acrylate and .beta.-carboxyethyl acrylate.
16. The toner according to claim 13, wherein an amount of aluminum metal in the toner particles is from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm.
17. The toner according to claim 13, wherein the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer has a glass transition temperature of about 45°C to about 65°C, the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the shell has a glass transition temperature of about 50°C to about 70°C, and wherein the glass transition temperature of the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the shell is at least about 4°C higher than the glass transition temperature of the core non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer.
18. The toner according to claim 13, wherein the toner particles have an average particle size of from about 2 µm to about 10 µm, an average circularity of about 0.93 to about 0.98, a shape factor of from about 120 to about 140, and a volume geometric standard deviation for (D84/D50) in the range of from about 1.15 to about 1.25.
19. The toner according to claim 13, wherein the toner exhibits a gloss of at least about 30 GGU on plain paper.
20. A xerographic imaging apparatus comprising an image forming station and a housing containing the toner according to claim 1, the toner being supplied to the image forming station from the housing.
21. A method of making a toner comprising emulsion aggregation toner particles comprising a binder including a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, at least one colorant, at least one wax, and aluminized silica, wherein an amount of aluminum metal in the toner particles is from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, the method comprising:
obtaining a latex of the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, an aqueous dispersion of the at least one colorant, an aqueous dispersion of the at least one wax, and an aqueous dispersion of the aluminized silica, forming a mixture of the latex of the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, the aqueous dispersion of the at least one colorant, and the aqueous dispersion of the at least one wax, adding some or all of the aqueous dispersion of the aluminized silica to the mixture, stirring the mixture, and heating the mixture to a temperature below a glass transition temperature of the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, any remaining portion of the aqueous dispersion of the aluminized silica being added to the mixture during the heating, maintaining the temperature of heating to form aggregated toner particles, adding a solution of a sequestering agent, followed by stopping further aggregation and raising the temperature to at least about 80°C to coalesce the aggregated particles, and subsequently cooling, optionally washing, and recovering the emulsion aggregation toner particles, wherein the sequestering agent is added in an amount to extract aluminum ions from the solution such that the final aluminum content in the toner is from abut 50 ppm to about 600 ppm.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the method further comprises adding a latex of a second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer to the aggregated toner particles to form a shell thereon, wherein the second non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer has a glass transition temperature higher than a glass transition temperature of the non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer of the core of the aggregated toner particles.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein further aggregation is stopped by raising the pH to from about 7 to about 8 with a pH agent.
CA2563138A 2005-10-17 2006-10-11 High gloss emulsion aggregation toner incorporating aluminized silica as a coagulating agent Expired - Fee Related CA2563138C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/250,568 2005-10-17
US11/250,568 US7455943B2 (en) 2005-10-17 2005-10-17 High gloss emulsion aggregation toner incorporating aluminized silica as a coagulating agent

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2563138A1 true CA2563138A1 (en) 2007-04-17
CA2563138C CA2563138C (en) 2012-02-21

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US (1) US7455943B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1777591B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4991238B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101425383B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1952793B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0604295B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2563138C (en)
MX (1) MXPA06011809A (en)

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CN1952793B (en) 2012-01-04
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KR20070042107A (en) 2007-04-20
EP1777591A1 (en) 2007-04-25
CA2563138C (en) 2012-02-21
BRPI0604295B1 (en) 2018-06-12
BRPI0604295A (en) 2007-08-21
MXPA06011809A (en) 2007-04-16
US20070087281A1 (en) 2007-04-19
CN1952793A (en) 2007-04-25
KR101425383B1 (en) 2014-07-31
US7455943B2 (en) 2008-11-25
JP2007114777A (en) 2007-05-10

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