CA2567256A1 - Toner having crystalline wax - Google Patents
Toner having crystalline waxInfo
- Publication number
- CA2567256A1 CA2567256A1 CA002567256A CA2567256A CA2567256A1 CA 2567256 A1 CA2567256 A1 CA 2567256A1 CA 002567256 A CA002567256 A CA 002567256A CA 2567256 A CA2567256 A CA 2567256A CA 2567256 A1 CA2567256 A1 CA 2567256A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- crystallinity
- toner
- wax
- accordance
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08782—Waxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
- G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
- G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
- G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
- G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08728—Polymers of esters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08733—Polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature
Abstract
Embodiments include a toner with a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)] × 100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
Claims (24)
1. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using the heat of enthalpy, and wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formula:
[Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
[Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
2. A toner in accordance with claim 1, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 60 to about 98 percent.
3. A toner in accordance with claim 2, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 70 to about 95 percent.
4. A toner in accordance with claim 3, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 75 to about 90 percent.
5. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using the heat of recrystallization, and wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formula:
[Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
[Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
6. A toner in accordance with claim 5, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 60 to about 98 percent.
7. A toner in accordance with claim 6, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 70 to about 95 percent.
8. A toner in accordance with claim 7, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 75 to about 90 percent.
9. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using X-ray diffraction, and wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formula:
Xc = [Sc/(Sc+Sa)] × 100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
Xc = [Sc/(Sc+Sa)] × 100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
10. A toner in accordance with claim 9, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 60 to about 98 percent.
11. A toner in accordance with claim 10, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 70 to about 95 percent.
12. A toner in accordance with claim 11, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 75 to about 90 percent.
13. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using the following formulas:
1) [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); and 2) [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
1) [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); and 2) [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
14. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein a difference between the crystallinity as measured using the heat of enthalpy, and the crystallinity as measured using the heat of recrystallization, is not greater than about 15 percent.
15. A toner in accordance with claim 14, wherein said difference is not greater than about 10 percent.
16. A toner in accordance with claim 15, wherein said difference is not greater than about 5 percent.
17. A toner in accordance with claim 16, wherein said difference is not greater than about 1 percent.
18. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said Mp, Mn and Mw are all within the range of from about 600 to about 750.
19. A toner in accordance with claim 18, wherein said Mp, Mn and Mw are all within the range of from about 640 to about 725.
20. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax has a viscosity of from about 10 to about 10,000 centipoise at 92°C.
21. A toner in accordance with claim 20, wherein said wax has a viscosity versus temperature relationship which meets the criterion set forth in the following equation:
.eta. (CP) <= 10 27-0.25T Where <= 92°C T <=
100°C, wherein the equation represents the upper bound of viscosity as a function of temperature over a useful range of coalescence temperature.
.eta. (CP) <= 10 27-0.25T Where <= 92°C T <=
100°C, wherein the equation represents the upper bound of viscosity as a function of temperature over a useful range of coalescence temperature.
22. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax is a crystalline polyethylene wax.
23. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax has an onset melt temperature of from about 65 to about 70°C.
24. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax has a Tg offset melt temperature of from about 95 to about 100°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/273,748 US7553596B2 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2005-11-14 | Toner having crystalline wax |
US11/273,748 | 2005-11-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2567256A1 true CA2567256A1 (en) | 2007-05-14 |
CA2567256C CA2567256C (en) | 2010-09-28 |
Family
ID=37724600
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2567256A Active CA2567256C (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2006-11-07 | Toner having crystalline wax |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7553596B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1785772B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4991253B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101392780B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1967395B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0604795B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2567256C (en) |
DE (1) | DE602006007528D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7749670B2 (en) | 2005-11-14 | 2010-07-06 | Xerox Corporation | Toner having crystalline wax |
US20070231727A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Baird Brian W | Toner formulations containing extra particulate additive |
JP4572952B2 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and method for producing the same, electrostatic image developer, image forming method, and image forming apparatus |
US9971265B1 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2018-05-15 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions and processes |
US9996019B1 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2018-06-12 | Xerox Corporation | Cold pressure fix toner compositions and processes |
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-
2005
- 2005-11-14 US US11/273,748 patent/US7553596B2/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-09-18 DE DE602006007528T patent/DE602006007528D1/en active Active
- 2006-09-18 EP EP06120834A patent/EP1785772B1/en active Active
- 2006-11-07 CA CA2567256A patent/CA2567256C/en active Active
- 2006-11-13 JP JP2006307200A patent/JP4991253B2/en active Active
- 2006-11-14 KR KR1020060112135A patent/KR101392780B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-14 CN CN2006101484178A patent/CN1967395B/en active Active
- 2006-11-14 BR BRPI0604795-5A patent/BRPI0604795B1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7553596B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
KR101392780B1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
DE602006007528D1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
EP1785772A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
JP2007140517A (en) | 2007-06-07 |
BRPI0604795B1 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
CN1967395B (en) | 2012-05-02 |
CA2567256C (en) | 2010-09-28 |
CN1967395A (en) | 2007-05-23 |
KR20070051728A (en) | 2007-05-18 |
JP4991253B2 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
BRPI0604795A (en) | 2007-09-04 |
US20070111131A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
EP1785772B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 |
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