CA2567256A1 - Toner having crystalline wax - Google Patents

Toner having crystalline wax

Info

Publication number
CA2567256A1
CA2567256A1 CA002567256A CA2567256A CA2567256A1 CA 2567256 A1 CA2567256 A1 CA 2567256A1 CA 002567256 A CA002567256 A CA 002567256A CA 2567256 A CA2567256 A CA 2567256A CA 2567256 A1 CA2567256 A1 CA 2567256A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
crystallinity
toner
wax
accordance
percent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002567256A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2567256C (en
Inventor
Raj D. Patel
David J. Sanders
Tie Hwee Ng
Stephan V. Drappel
Sandra J. Gardner
Sonja Hadzidedic
Louis V. Isganitis
Timothy L. Lincoln
Kevin F. Marcell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Publication of CA2567256A1 publication Critical patent/CA2567256A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2567256C publication Critical patent/CA2567256C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08782—Waxes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
    • G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
    • G03G9/0806—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
    • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
    • G03G9/08711—Copolymers of styrene with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08728—Polymers of esters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
    • G03G9/08733—Polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08795—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
    • G03G9/08797—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature

Abstract

Embodiments include a toner with a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)] × 100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Claims (24)

1. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using the heat of enthalpy, and wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formula:

[Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);

and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
2. A toner in accordance with claim 1, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 60 to about 98 percent.
3. A toner in accordance with claim 2, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 70 to about 95 percent.
4. A toner in accordance with claim 3, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 75 to about 90 percent.
5. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using the heat of recrystallization, and wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formula:

[Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);
and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
6. A toner in accordance with claim 5, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 60 to about 98 percent.
7. A toner in accordance with claim 6, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 70 to about 95 percent.
8. A toner in accordance with claim 7, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 75 to about 90 percent.
9. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using X-ray diffraction, and wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formula:

Xc = [Sc/(Sc+Sa)] × 100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
10. A toner in accordance with claim 9, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 60 to about 98 percent.
11. A toner in accordance with claim 10, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 70 to about 95 percent.
12. A toner in accordance with claim 11, wherein said degree of crystallinity is from about 75 to about 90 percent.
13. A toner comprising a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the crystallinity is measured using the following formulas:

1) [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc); and 2) [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g / 294 J/g] × 100 = degree of crystallinity (Xc);

and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and further wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.
14. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein a difference between the crystallinity as measured using the heat of enthalpy, and the crystallinity as measured using the heat of recrystallization, is not greater than about 15 percent.
15. A toner in accordance with claim 14, wherein said difference is not greater than about 10 percent.
16. A toner in accordance with claim 15, wherein said difference is not greater than about 5 percent.
17. A toner in accordance with claim 16, wherein said difference is not greater than about 1 percent.
18. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said Mp, Mn and Mw are all within the range of from about 600 to about 750.
19. A toner in accordance with claim 18, wherein said Mp, Mn and Mw are all within the range of from about 640 to about 725.
20. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax has a viscosity of from about 10 to about 10,000 centipoise at 92°C.
21. A toner in accordance with claim 20, wherein said wax has a viscosity versus temperature relationship which meets the criterion set forth in the following equation:
.eta. (CP) <= 10 27-0.25T Where <= 92°C T <=
100°C, wherein the equation represents the upper bound of viscosity as a function of temperature over a useful range of coalescence temperature.
22. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax is a crystalline polyethylene wax.
23. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax has an onset melt temperature of from about 65 to about 70°C.
24. A toner in accordance with claim 13, wherein said wax has a Tg offset melt temperature of from about 95 to about 100°C.
CA2567256A 2005-11-14 2006-11-07 Toner having crystalline wax Active CA2567256C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/273,748 US7553596B2 (en) 2005-11-14 2005-11-14 Toner having crystalline wax
US11/273,748 2005-11-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2567256A1 true CA2567256A1 (en) 2007-05-14
CA2567256C CA2567256C (en) 2010-09-28

Family

ID=37724600

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2567256A Active CA2567256C (en) 2005-11-14 2006-11-07 Toner having crystalline wax

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7553596B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1785772B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4991253B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101392780B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1967395B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0604795B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2567256C (en)
DE (1) DE602006007528D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US9971265B1 (en) 2017-02-23 2018-05-15 Xerox Corporation Toner compositions and processes
US9996019B1 (en) 2017-03-03 2018-06-12 Xerox Corporation Cold pressure fix toner compositions and processes

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7553596B2 (en) 2009-06-30
KR101392780B1 (en) 2014-05-14
DE602006007528D1 (en) 2009-08-13
EP1785772A1 (en) 2007-05-16
JP2007140517A (en) 2007-06-07
BRPI0604795B1 (en) 2018-03-27
CN1967395B (en) 2012-05-02
CA2567256C (en) 2010-09-28
CN1967395A (en) 2007-05-23
KR20070051728A (en) 2007-05-18
JP4991253B2 (en) 2012-08-01
BRPI0604795A (en) 2007-09-04
US20070111131A1 (en) 2007-05-17
EP1785772B1 (en) 2009-07-01

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