CA2583864A1 - Developer - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- CA2583864A1 CA2583864A1 CA002583864A CA2583864A CA2583864A1 CA 2583864 A1 CA2583864 A1 CA 2583864A1 CA 002583864 A CA002583864 A CA 002583864A CA 2583864 A CA2583864 A CA 2583864A CA 2583864 A1 CA2583864 A1 CA 2583864A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- developer
- weight
- silica
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 24
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- WCOXQTXVACYMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(12-hydroxyoctadecanoyloxy)propyl 12-hydroxyoctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)CCCCCC WCOXQTXVACYMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CYUZOYPRAQASLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxypropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCOC(=O)C=C CYUZOYPRAQASLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013872 montan acid ester Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
- G03G9/0823—Electric parameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- G03G9/08782—Waxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09708—Inorganic compounds
- G03G9/09725—Silicon-oxides; Silicates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/097—Plasticisers; Charge controlling agents
- G03G9/09783—Organo-metallic compounds
- G03G9/09791—Metallic soaps of higher carboxylic acids
Abstract
A developer includes a carrier and a toner, wherein the toner contains toner particles of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation (-0.80 + 0.039 × (% toner cohesion) + 0.026 × (toner triboelectric charge) (µC/g)) of less than or equal to about 3.2.
Claims (29)
1. A developer comprising a carrier and a toner, wherein the toner comprises toner particles of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation (-0.80 + 0.039 × (% toner cohesion) + 0.026 × (toner triboelectric charge) (µC/g)) of less than or equal to about 3.2.
2. The developer of claim 1, wherein the trimmer clogging value is from about 1 to about 3.
3. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner particles further comprises a wax, and wherein the external additives include a first silica, a second silica, a titania, an optional cerium oxide, and an optional zinc stearate.
4. The developer of claim 3, wherein the wax is about 5% to about 25%
by weight of the toner particles, and wherein the first silica is about 0.5%
to about 2.5% by weight of the toner particles, the second silica, differing at least in an average diameter from the first silica, is about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the toner particles, the titania is about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the toner particles, the optional cerium oxide, when present, is about 0.2% to about 1% by weight of the toner particles, and the optional zinc stearate, when present, is about 0.1 %
to about 1% by weight of the toner particles.
by weight of the toner particles, and wherein the first silica is about 0.5%
to about 2.5% by weight of the toner particles, the second silica, differing at least in an average diameter from the first silica, is about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the toner particles, the titania is about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the toner particles, the optional cerium oxide, when present, is about 0.2% to about 1% by weight of the toner particles, and the optional zinc stearate, when present, is about 0.1 %
to about 1% by weight of the toner particles.
5. The developer of claim 3, wherein the wax is about 6% to about 13%
by weight of the toner particles, the first silica is about 1.6% to about 1.8%
by weight of the toner particles, the second silica differing at least in an average diameter from the first silica is about 1.6% to about 1.8% by weight of the toner particles, the titania is about 0.7% to about 0.9% by weight of the toner particles, the optional cerium oxide, when present, is about 0.4% to about 0.6% by weight of the toner particles, and the optional zinc stearate, when present, is about 0.15% to about 0.25% by weight of the toner particles, and the colorant is about 1% to about 8% by weight of the toner particles.
by weight of the toner particles, the first silica is about 1.6% to about 1.8%
by weight of the toner particles, the second silica differing at least in an average diameter from the first silica is about 1.6% to about 1.8% by weight of the toner particles, the titania is about 0.7% to about 0.9% by weight of the toner particles, the optional cerium oxide, when present, is about 0.4% to about 0.6% by weight of the toner particles, and the optional zinc stearate, when present, is about 0.15% to about 0.25% by weight of the toner particles, and the colorant is about 1% to about 8% by weight of the toner particles.
6. The developer of claim 3, wherein the first silica has an average diameter of from about 20 nm to about 40 nm, the second silica has an average diameter of from 100 nm to about 150 nm, the titania has an average diameter of from nm to about 50 nm, the optional cerium oxide, when present, has an average diameter of from 20 nm to about 40 nm, and the optional zinc stearate, when present, has an average diameter of from 100 nm to about 150 nm.
7. The developer of claim 3, wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, paraffin, Fischer-Tropsch, microcrystalline wax, carnauba wax, jojoba wax, rice wax, beeswax, montanic acid ester wax, castor wax, and mixtures thereof.
8. The developer of claim 3, wherein the wax is a distilled wax.
9. The developer of claim 1, wherein the carrier of the developer has a carrier resistivity of from about 10 6 to about 10 11 ohm-cm, and the developer has a developer density of greater than about 1.6 g/cm3.
10. The developer of claim 1, wherein the carrier of the developer has a carrier resistivity of from about 10 7 to about 10 9 ohm-cm, and the developer has a developer density of from about 1.6 g/cm3 to about 1.75 g/cm3.
11. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a blocking temperature of from about 50°C to about 65°C.
12. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a blocking temperature of from about 52°C to about 55°C.
13. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner further includes a core and a shell structure, wherein the core comprises the at least one binder as a core binder and the at least one colorant, and wherein the shell comprises at least one shell binder.
14. The developer of claim 13, wherein the shell binder is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the toner, and the core binder is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 90 weight percent of the toner.
15. The developer of claim 13, wherein the core binder and the shell binder each comprise an emulsion aggregation styrene/butylacrylate/beta carboxy ethyl acrylate binder or a polyester binder.
16. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a percent toner cohesion from about 10% to about 78%.
17. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a percent toner cohesion from about 45% to about 75%.
18. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a toner triboelectric charge from about 40 µC/g to about 70 µC/g.
19. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a relative humidity sensitivity ratio of from about 1 to about 2.
20. The developer of claim 1, wherein the carrier comprises a core and at least one polymer coated thereover.
21. The developer of claim 20, wherein the carrier core is selected from the group consisting of iron, ferrites, magnetite, steel, nickel and mixtures thereof.
22. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a toner concentration of at least 9.5% without exceeding an emitted toner density level of 1 mg/m3.
23. The developer of claim 1, wherein the toner has a toner concentration of from about 9.5% to about 20% without exceeding an emitted toner density level of 1 mg/m3.
24. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising:
a photoreceptor, a semi-conductive magnetic brush development system, and a housing in association with the semi-conductive magnetic brush development system and containing a developer comprising a carrier and a toner, wherein the toner comprises toner particles of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation (-0.80 + 0.039 × (% toner cohesion) + 0.026 × (toner triboelectric charge) (µC/g)) of less than or equal to about 3.2.
a photoreceptor, a semi-conductive magnetic brush development system, and a housing in association with the semi-conductive magnetic brush development system and containing a developer comprising a carrier and a toner, wherein the toner comprises toner particles of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation (-0.80 + 0.039 × (% toner cohesion) + 0.026 × (toner triboelectric charge) (µC/g)) of less than or equal to about 3.2.
25. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus of claim 24, herein images formed by the apparatus have an image gloss of from about 30 to about GGU.
26. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus of claim 24, wherein images formed by the apparatus have an image gloss of from about 45 to about GGU.
27. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus of claim 24, wherein the external additives include a first silica, a second silica, a titania, an optional cerium oxide, and an optional zinc stearate.
28. A set of developers for forming a color image, comprising:
a carrier and a cyan toner, a carrier and a magenta toner, a carrier and a yellow toner and a carrier and a black toner, wherein each of the cyan toner, the magenta toner, the yellow toner and the black toner comprise toner particles having at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation (-0.80 + 0.039 × (% toner cohesion) + 0.026 × (toner triboelectric charge) (µC/g)) of less than or equal to about 3.2.
a carrier and a cyan toner, a carrier and a magenta toner, a carrier and a yellow toner and a carrier and a black toner, wherein each of the cyan toner, the magenta toner, the yellow toner and the black toner comprise toner particles having at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation (-0.80 + 0.039 × (% toner cohesion) + 0.026 × (toner triboelectric charge) (µC/g)) of less than or equal to about 3.2.
29. The set of developers of claim 28, wherein the trimmer clogging value is from about 1 to about 3.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/278,762 | 2006-04-05 | ||
| US11/278,762 US7485400B2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2006-04-05 | Developer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2583864A1 true CA2583864A1 (en) | 2007-10-05 |
| CA2583864C CA2583864C (en) | 2012-06-12 |
Family
ID=38330802
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2583864A Expired - Fee Related CA2583864C (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2007-04-04 | Developer |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7485400B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1843213B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2007279726A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101051194B (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0702644B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2583864C (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7851116B2 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2010-12-14 | Xerox Corporation | Emulsion aggregation high-gloss toner with calcium addition |
| WO2008146881A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-04 | Zeon Corporation | Positively chargeable toner for electrical static image development |
| US8039183B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2011-10-18 | Xerox Corporation | Resin-coated pearlescent or metallic pigment for special effect images |
| EP2058705B1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2015-09-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Toner and image forming process |
| JP4572952B2 (en) * | 2008-05-01 | 2010-11-04 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Toner for developing electrostatic image and method for producing the same, electrostatic image developer, image forming method, and image forming apparatus |
| JP5247249B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2013-07-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | toner |
| JP5310052B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2013-10-09 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, image forming method and image forming apparatus |
| US20110027714A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-03 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions |
| JP5526822B2 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2014-06-18 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic latent image developing toner, electrostatic latent image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus |
| JP5742363B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-07-01 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic image developing toner and method for producing the same, cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus |
| JP5708130B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-04-30 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic image developing toner and method for producing the same, cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus |
| CN104220933A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-12-17 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Toner for developing electrostatic image |
| JP6015383B2 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2016-10-26 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrostatic image developing toner, electrostatic image developer, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method |
| US8785096B1 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-22 | Xerox Corporation | Toner additives |
| US8889329B1 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2014-11-18 | Xerox Corporation | Alumina nanotubes as a toner additive to reduce impaction |
| CN105116699A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-02 | 珠海思美亚碳粉有限公司 | Developing agent and preparation method thereof |
| JP6910805B2 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2021-07-28 | キヤノン株式会社 | Toner, image forming apparatus and image forming method |
| CN105929646A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-07 | 南京新天兴影像科技有限公司 | Two-component developing toner for high-speed xerographic printer and preparation method of two-component developing toner |
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| US3847604A (en) * | 1971-06-10 | 1974-11-12 | Xerox Corp | Electrostatic imaging process using nodular carriers |
| US4331756A (en) * | 1980-11-04 | 1982-05-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developer compositions with toner, coated carrier and lubricant |
| US4937166A (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1990-06-26 | Xerox Corporation | Polymer coated carrier particles for electrophotographic developers |
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| US5403693A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-04-04 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation and coalescence processes |
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| US6140003A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 2000-10-31 | Xerox Corporation | Toner compositions with charge enhancing resins |
| US5501935A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1996-03-26 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5527658A (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 1996-06-18 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes using water insoluble transition metal containing powder |
| US5496676A (en) * | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-05 | Xerox Corporation | Toner aggregation processes |
| US5565296A (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1996-10-15 | Xerox Corporation | Coated carriers by aggregation processes |
| US5593807A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1997-01-14 | Xerox Corporation | Toner processes using sodium sulfonated polyester resins |
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| US6087059A (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2000-07-11 | Xerox Corporation | Toner and developer compositions |
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| JP2002214831A (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-07-31 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image forming method and image forming device |
| US6503677B1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-07 | Xerox Corporation | Emulsion aggregation toner particles coated with negatively chargeable and positively chargeable additives and method of making same |
| US7157200B2 (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2007-01-02 | Xerox Corporation | Emulsion aggregation black toner and developer with superior image quality |
| US7208252B2 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2007-04-24 | Xerox Corporation | Magnetic toner and conductive developer compositions |
| JP2007059990A (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image forming apparatus |
-
2006
- 2006-04-05 US US11/278,762 patent/US7485400B2/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-03-15 EP EP07104214.7A patent/EP1843213B1/en active Active
- 2007-03-30 JP JP2007094220A patent/JP2007279726A/en active Pending
- 2007-04-04 BR BRPI0702644-7A patent/BRPI0702644B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-04-04 CN CN2007100920371A patent/CN101051194B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-04 CA CA2583864A patent/CA2583864C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070238040A1 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
| EP1843213A2 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| EP1843213B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
| EP1843213A3 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
| CA2583864C (en) | 2012-06-12 |
| US7485400B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
| BRPI0702644B1 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
| JP2007279726A (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| CN101051194A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| CN101051194B (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| BRPI0702644A (en) | 2007-12-11 |
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