CA2584875A1 - Twin wire former for an atmos system - Google Patents
Twin wire former for an atmos system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2584875A1 CA2584875A1 CA002584875A CA2584875A CA2584875A1 CA 2584875 A1 CA2584875 A1 CA 2584875A1 CA 002584875 A CA002584875 A CA 002584875A CA 2584875 A CA2584875 A CA 2584875A CA 2584875 A1 CA2584875 A1 CA 2584875A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- approximately
- web
- belt
- structured fabric
- fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/006—Making patterned paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0063—Perforated sheets
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/14—Making cellulose wadding, filter or blotting paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/14—Making cellulose wadding, filter or blotting paper
- D21F11/145—Making cellulose wadding, filter or blotting paper including a through-drying process
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/0209—Wet presses with extended press nip
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F3/00—Press section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F3/02—Wet presses
- D21F3/0272—Wet presses in combination with suction or blowing devices
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
- D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts
Abstract
Dewatering system for dewatering a web. The system comprises a former, a belt press, and a structured fabric comprising a paper web facing side and being guided over a support surface and through the belt press. The structured fabric runs at a speed differential relative to a wire of the former. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Description
I =II CA 02584875 2007-04-13 V29738.S01 BNlM WtREEQR ER F,N Ad ATNlO3 S_N
MQKGFiQF T -(E INVEMlON
1. M2W of th0 invendon.
100011 The present invention relates to a paper machine, and, more parOcuiariy, to a former for manufacturing premium tissue and fioweling, and also reiates to a lbrmer which Wizes a bett praes in a paper machine. The present inventlon raletes to e twin wire forrra3r for manuFaciuring promium issue and towsiing which utiiFrss a beit prr,.sa In a paper machine. The system of the invendon is capabis of producing premium fisaue ortoweiing wtth a quaiity simiiar to a through-air drying (TAD) but with up to a 40% cost savings.
10002] = The preserrt hnran8on also raiates to a tsrin wirefomnerAllulOS
system which utiibes a structured fabric whtch has good resisianoe to pnessureand saaoessivp tensil staain fons3s, and which can wlthstand wearlhydroiyaia eftcfs that are eqerlenood In an ATMOS system. '1'he aystem also inoiudas a permeable betE for use In a high tension = extended nip around a rotaiin0 roit or a stattonary shoe andlor whiah Is used In a papemnnking devicxJp/procm, and a dewmtiering fabric far the.rna ufacture of premium dssue or toanrel grades without ufiiiizing a through'e!r drying (TAD) syatem.
The fabric hae key parameters whiah Include pennesbir'ity, vmight, cs3tiper, and oerfsin oompressibiiity,
MQKGFiQF T -(E INVEMlON
1. M2W of th0 invendon.
100011 The present invention relates to a paper machine, and, more parOcuiariy, to a former for manufacturing premium tissue and fioweling, and also reiates to a lbrmer which Wizes a bett praes in a paper machine. The present inventlon raletes to e twin wire forrra3r for manuFaciuring promium issue and towsiing which utiiFrss a beit prr,.sa In a paper machine. The system of the invendon is capabis of producing premium fisaue ortoweiing wtth a quaiity simiiar to a through-air drying (TAD) but with up to a 40% cost savings.
10002] = The preserrt hnran8on also raiates to a tsrin wirefomnerAllulOS
system which utiibes a structured fabric whtch has good resisianoe to pnessureand saaoessivp tensil staain fons3s, and which can wlthstand wearlhydroiyaia eftcfs that are eqerlenood In an ATMOS system. '1'he aystem also inoiudas a permeable betE for use In a high tension = extended nip around a rotaiin0 roit or a stattonary shoe andlor whiah Is used In a papemnnking devicxJp/procm, and a dewmtiering fabric far the.rna ufacture of premium dssue or toanrel grades without ufiiiizing a through'e!r drying (TAD) syatem.
The fabric hae key parameters whiah Include pennesbir'ity, vmight, cs3tiper, and oerfsin oompressibiiity,
2. DMo~q af tha retatied arl.
rq003] In an ATMOS system, a sheet is formad on a structWred or molding fabrio and the sheet is further sandwiched between tim struatured or molding fabric and a dewatsring fabric. The sheet is dewaNired through the dewabering fabric arui oppostfia the molding fabrio. The dewatertng takes place with air flaw and mecharticsi pressure. The mec:hanioai pressure Is created by a permeabie belt'and the direction of airflow is'from the permeabte beit to the dewarbering fabric. Thts can occur whsn the sandwich paaves thmgh an extended presaure nip Iomied py a vacuum ro11 and the permeable belt. The sheat Is then transferred to a Yankee by a press nip. Only about 25% of the ahftt is slightly prassed by the Yankee while appc=oodmate[y 75% of the sh et remains unpr+essed for quality. The sheat dried by.a Yarfkae/Hood dryer arrangemsnt and then dry cnsped. In the ATMOS
Y29738.SO1 system, one and 1he same shwfiured fabric is used to carty the aheet from the headbox to the Yankee dryer.
IQ0M Intemetionat Pubiioation No. VV02006W5736, the disobsure of which is hereby expressly Incorporated by referonae In its eritirety, diac'bsea mn ATMOS systarn which usee a belt press and whft can ub"I'me a twin wlro ooryipuratlon.
Hawever, this document does rrot address the advantnft of cAiir,ino diifersntlal speeda beiw en a fomning beft and a strutWTed fabric aooortling to the invention. 100051 US
Patent No. 4,440,667 to WELLS et ai., the disclosuro ofwhich Is hereby expressiy inoorporated by referronoe in i#s en#roty, and, In partlmiar, the Abstract of this docufinerlt. disdoaes a pnocess thst udrmes a dFfPenentfai velocity transier of a wst-laid embryonic web having reiatively low fiber oonsisisncy 1'r+om a canier to a.
substantially skower moving, open4nesh transfor febrfa havtng a substantial void volume. The web ts then dried while prrealuding subs#=antial maarosaopio neertangement of the fibera In the plane o} the web. The dtfferontial velociqr trenafer Is el7bated wfthout substantial compaction ofthe web by avoiding eubstantisl mechsnicai pressN, centri(ugai siingMg, air blasting, and the like.
[0008] intemationai Publication No. WO 20061075732* the disdosure of hich Is hereby expressly incorporated by ref+erence In its entireiy, diacloses a beft pross utllWnA a perrrbabie beit In a pape.r machine which manufadunss tissue or tiauveiing.
Acaording fio this document, the web is dryed in a more efficient manner.#han has been the cwe In prlor art maohines such as TAD machines. The fom*md web is passed thrcgh simYarly open fabrics and hot air is blown 1'rom one atde oEthe sheet through the web to ths otw side of the sheet. A dewatering faibrlo is atso.utilized. Such an arrangement places grat detrende on the fiarming fabric because the pressure atppiied bett pre.ss and hot air Is blowtti through the web In the belt prese. Mowmer, this document does not address the advOnteges of utilizinp difFeiential speeds between a torming belt and a structonxd fabdc according to the inVentlon.
[0007] Interrmattonal hubl)cgtton No. W02008l076737, the d'tsciosure of which Is ~
1 w V29'138$O1 hereby expresaiy inoorporated by reference In iCs entinrty, disotoses a atnMnsd molding fabric which can ore te a mare three-dimeneionmliy ori nted sheet, t0008) The disadvantages of systwms of the type dieatos d In internationai Publication No. W020051076736 which use a tvyln wire former is that the sheet Is not formed on a atruatured fabtio. insbead, the sheet Is fomod between Inner and outer forming fiabrics and then transferred via the- inner lbrminti febrk to, a structurod fabMc without utiiising dNYenent+al speeds. As a result, the voids of the structured fabric are not fiiied up with fibers as when the web is fotmed over a abuabured fabdc. The more re voids sre filled with flbets; ttib'grroater is the mass of un-pressed fibers at the Yankee and the higher the qual'ity of the sh.eot 8UMNIARI( OP THE INVMQN
lo009Y The tnvention provides for a sysiem and processwhioh incnsases the amount of un-pressed fibers In the voids of a structured fabric. The invention can uiflb;e a twin wire ATMOS syslem/amangement wherein the web or sheet is first formed wPth a twin wire former., The web is then transfen ed to the strucdared fabric of the ATMOS
system. 'Thus.
In contrast tc'the standard ATMOS sysfiem- the web Is not fcrrried 4n the stnmtured fabria because fhe structunsd fabric is not the innerwire af the tormer. Furthermore, If the Inner wire of the twin wira former Is a atructun3d fabria (i.e., the first or fortner sKructurod fsbrfc), the sheet loses the lcnuckies when ik is transfeffed to the other structured lbbria (i.e., the second or ATMOS struatyred fabric) of the ATMOS. As a reeylt, the sheet cenr(at achimro a target of having approximatey 759b un-pressed flbera thereby nega9ng a big advania8e of the ATMOS system.
[00407 This disadvantage, however, can be rninimised by foRning the web in atwin wim fomner (wkhout 1he inner wire or farmins tabric being a structUred fabric) and by running the ATMOS structured fabrio at a lower speed than the Inner forming wire. By running the Inner wine and the etructured fabria at dffliarent speeds (i.e,, wi#t a speod difibrential), the 1'tbers of the web can dam Into the ATMOS gqvotured fabric.
As a result it Is passibie to iill up the piliow anaas of the structured fabric with flbers,
rq003] In an ATMOS system, a sheet is formad on a structWred or molding fabrio and the sheet is further sandwiched between tim struatured or molding fabric and a dewatsring fabric. The sheet is dewaNired through the dewabering fabric arui oppostfia the molding fabrio. The dewatertng takes place with air flaw and mecharticsi pressure. The mec:hanioai pressure Is created by a permeabie belt'and the direction of airflow is'from the permeabte beit to the dewarbering fabric. Thts can occur whsn the sandwich paaves thmgh an extended presaure nip Iomied py a vacuum ro11 and the permeable belt. The sheat Is then transferred to a Yankee by a press nip. Only about 25% of the ahftt is slightly prassed by the Yankee while appc=oodmate[y 75% of the sh et remains unpr+essed for quality. The sheat dried by.a Yarfkae/Hood dryer arrangemsnt and then dry cnsped. In the ATMOS
Y29738.SO1 system, one and 1he same shwfiured fabric is used to carty the aheet from the headbox to the Yankee dryer.
IQ0M Intemetionat Pubiioation No. VV02006W5736, the disobsure of which is hereby expressly Incorporated by referonae In its eritirety, diac'bsea mn ATMOS systarn which usee a belt press and whft can ub"I'me a twin wlro ooryipuratlon.
Hawever, this document does rrot address the advantnft of cAiir,ino diifersntlal speeda beiw en a fomning beft and a strutWTed fabric aooortling to the invention. 100051 US
Patent No. 4,440,667 to WELLS et ai., the disclosuro ofwhich Is hereby expressiy inoorporated by referronoe in i#s en#roty, and, In partlmiar, the Abstract of this docufinerlt. disdoaes a pnocess thst udrmes a dFfPenentfai velocity transier of a wst-laid embryonic web having reiatively low fiber oonsisisncy 1'r+om a canier to a.
substantially skower moving, open4nesh transfor febrfa havtng a substantial void volume. The web ts then dried while prrealuding subs#=antial maarosaopio neertangement of the fibera In the plane o} the web. The dtfferontial velociqr trenafer Is el7bated wfthout substantial compaction ofthe web by avoiding eubstantisl mechsnicai pressN, centri(ugai siingMg, air blasting, and the like.
[0008] intemationai Publication No. WO 20061075732* the disdosure of hich Is hereby expressly incorporated by ref+erence In its entireiy, diacloses a beft pross utllWnA a perrrbabie beit In a pape.r machine which manufadunss tissue or tiauveiing.
Acaording fio this document, the web is dryed in a more efficient manner.#han has been the cwe In prlor art maohines such as TAD machines. The fom*md web is passed thrcgh simYarly open fabrics and hot air is blown 1'rom one atde oEthe sheet through the web to ths otw side of the sheet. A dewatering faibrlo is atso.utilized. Such an arrangement places grat detrende on the fiarming fabric because the pressure atppiied bett pre.ss and hot air Is blowtti through the web In the belt prese. Mowmer, this document does not address the advOnteges of utilizinp difFeiential speeds between a torming belt and a structonxd fabdc according to the inVentlon.
[0007] Interrmattonal hubl)cgtton No. W02008l076737, the d'tsciosure of which Is ~
1 w V29'138$O1 hereby expresaiy inoorporated by reference In iCs entinrty, disotoses a atnMnsd molding fabric which can ore te a mare three-dimeneionmliy ori nted sheet, t0008) The disadvantages of systwms of the type dieatos d In internationai Publication No. W020051076736 which use a tvyln wire former is that the sheet Is not formed on a atruatured fabtio. insbead, the sheet Is fomod between Inner and outer forming fiabrics and then transferred via the- inner lbrminti febrk to, a structurod fabMc without utiiising dNYenent+al speeds. As a result, the voids of the structured fabric are not fiiied up with fibers as when the web is fotmed over a abuabured fabdc. The more re voids sre filled with flbets; ttib'grroater is the mass of un-pressed fibers at the Yankee and the higher the qual'ity of the sh.eot 8UMNIARI( OP THE INVMQN
lo009Y The tnvention provides for a sysiem and processwhioh incnsases the amount of un-pressed fibers In the voids of a structured fabric. The invention can uiflb;e a twin wire ATMOS syslem/amangement wherein the web or sheet is first formed wPth a twin wire former., The web is then transfen ed to the strucdared fabric of the ATMOS
system. 'Thus.
In contrast tc'the standard ATMOS sysfiem- the web Is not fcrrried 4n the stnmtured fabria because fhe structunsd fabric is not the innerwire af the tormer. Furthermore, If the Inner wire of the twin wira former Is a atructun3d fabria (i.e., the first or fortner sKructurod fsbrfc), the sheet loses the lcnuckies when ik is transfeffed to the other structured lbbria (i.e., the second or ATMOS struatyred fabric) of the ATMOS. As a reeylt, the sheet cenr(at achimro a target of having approximatey 759b un-pressed flbera thereby nega9ng a big advania8e of the ATMOS system.
[00407 This disadvantage, however, can be rninimised by foRning the web in atwin wim fomner (wkhout 1he inner wire or farmins tabric being a structUred fabric) and by running the ATMOS structured fabrio at a lower speed than the Inner forming wire. By running the Inner wine and the etructured fabria at dffliarent speeds (i.e,, wi#t a speod difibrential), the 1'tbers of the web can dam Into the ATMOS gqvotured fabric.
As a result it Is passibie to iill up the piliow anaas of the structured fabric with flbers,
-3-I I II I Y, 11 V29738.SOI
t001iu According to one non-CmiOng embodtmont of the InvenUon, the speed differrentiai can be betwsn appteximateiy 896 and approximately 30%.
P1+efsrably, the speed diftnentisi can be between appmocima6ely 10% and approximafiely 20%.
L00123 Acoo-ding to another non-lirniqng embodimertt of the imrention, the speed difFerentiai can be any one of the apeed dilferentlai vaiuee, and/or ranges, and/or ratbs disclosed In US Patent No. 4,440.097 to WELIS at ai. By way of n.on-lirrating exampie, the invention provtdee that the fonner can run at a$peed af between approodmatey meters per minuts (rnlmin) and approximately 1500 m/mIn while the stfuctured fabrio runs at a siow r speed of between approximately 800 m/mIn and approximateiy 1200 mlmin.
Thus, the speed diffenential can be, e.g., In the range of between 50 m/mIn and 450 r1m/min, and ia prefsrabiy between approximately 100 m/mIn and approximWeiy 300 nnlmin.
100151 Hawaver, such a conflgutetion can be dlsadvantageous when there ia a tensile strrongth ioss due to the fricl3on betmen th6 fibers on the structured fabric and the inner farmin9 wtrre. For emmple, If the consistency between these two fabrtos at the pialc-up Is apprommateiy 1696 to approximately 20916. It mmeiyy have to be campensvftd for using chemk:als or using more refining In order to control the bensile atrengfh.
Aooordingly, a solution would invoiv ensuring that the conshlency at the pk" arei (t.s., the tronsfier area from the lnner fomning wire to tho strudured fabric) Is between approximatey 796 and approximatey 159i4.
10014] By dewatertng from the belt press belt towards ft web, structured iabric and the dewatering be1t corttact area at the Yankee is enhanced and a higher dryer etfioiency reauits at the Yankee. Thfs Is because the surface of the web which conthcts the dewatsring belt Is the same surface which contacts the Yankee. Using such a configuration results in, among other things, a higher contact area beiween the papmr web and the Yankee cyiinder than is nommily not achfeved using a through air drying (TAD) system.
[00151 The inventlon also provides for e twin w[re ATMOS system whkh Wtiitzes the belt press beit disa4ossd In US Patisnt Appikaticn No.111778,789 filad on March 14. 2006
t001iu According to one non-CmiOng embodtmont of the InvenUon, the speed differrentiai can be betwsn appteximateiy 896 and approximately 30%.
P1+efsrably, the speed diftnentisi can be between appmocima6ely 10% and approximafiely 20%.
L00123 Acoo-ding to another non-lirniqng embodimertt of the imrention, the speed difFerentiai can be any one of the apeed dilferentlai vaiuee, and/or ranges, and/or ratbs disclosed In US Patent No. 4,440.097 to WELIS at ai. By way of n.on-lirrating exampie, the invention provtdee that the fonner can run at a$peed af between approodmatey meters per minuts (rnlmin) and approximately 1500 m/mIn while the stfuctured fabrio runs at a siow r speed of between approximately 800 m/mIn and approximateiy 1200 mlmin.
Thus, the speed diffenential can be, e.g., In the range of between 50 m/mIn and 450 r1m/min, and ia prefsrabiy between approximately 100 m/mIn and approximWeiy 300 nnlmin.
100151 Hawaver, such a conflgutetion can be dlsadvantageous when there ia a tensile strrongth ioss due to the fricl3on betmen th6 fibers on the structured fabric and the inner farmin9 wtrre. For emmple, If the consistency between these two fabrtos at the pialc-up Is apprommateiy 1696 to approximately 20916. It mmeiyy have to be campensvftd for using chemk:als or using more refining In order to control the bensile atrengfh.
Aooordingly, a solution would invoiv ensuring that the conshlency at the pk" arei (t.s., the tronsfier area from the lnner fomning wire to tho strudured fabric) Is between approximatey 796 and approximatey 159i4.
10014] By dewatertng from the belt press belt towards ft web, structured iabric and the dewatering be1t corttact area at the Yankee is enhanced and a higher dryer etfioiency reauits at the Yankee. Thfs Is because the surface of the web which conthcts the dewatsring belt Is the same surface which contacts the Yankee. Using such a configuration results in, among other things, a higher contact area beiween the papmr web and the Yankee cyiinder than is nommily not achfeved using a through air drying (TAD) system.
[00151 The inventlon also provides for e twin w[re ATMOS system whkh Wtiitzes the belt press beit disa4ossd In US Patisnt Appikaticn No.111778,789 filad on March 14. 2006
-4.
i I I I I N 1 1 V'29738.501 (Atbolliey Docicet Number P28478). The discloeure of this US pstent eppiica0on ts hereby exprftsiy Incorpotatad by neferanoe In ite antimij/.
[00161 The inventbn addiEionatly aiso provides for a twin wire ATMOS system which utiitzes the dewaterfng fabric dtsdosed in US Pebent Appiication No. (Attomey Docket Number P28514). The disclosure of this US patent aippiication is hereby mcpr+essly incorporated by reference In its entlrft.
(0017] = The Invention further also provKim for a twln wh$ ATMOS system which utAizes the structured fabric discioaed In US Patert Appiication No. (p-ttomey Docket Number P29516). The disGosure of this US patent Qpplicatlon is hereby expnssaly incorporated by rcPerence in its entin*.
[0di8] The inventi+an also provides for a dewaterinq ayatsm fbr dswafsrtng a web wherein the system inc(udes a iuvin vwlro fonywr, a belt press, and a structuned fabft compr;sing a paper web facing side and being guided ov r a support surfece and through the beit press. The sfruCtured fabric runs at a slvmr spead than a wfrb ot the iwin wire forrner.
[0019] The structured fabric may be a pertneabEiity value of baiween approxknately 100 d'm and approximately 1200 aFrn, a paper surface contact area of between approximatBly 596 and approximately 70% when not under preasuro and #enmion.
and an open area of befiNeen approximately 10OA and Approxdmately 90%.
[0020] The belt pts:as may be acranged on an ATMOS eystem.
[0021] At least one surface of to sOvctunxJ fabric may oomprise at least one of an abraded surface and a sended surface.
10027j The structured fabric may comprise one of a single meterial, a monofitament matOCiO(, a multii9lament material, and two or more diffferent materials.
P025] The struct.ued fabric may be resislant to at leagt one of hydrolyais and ternparatures which exceed 100 degrees G.
[0034] The support surtaoe may be statio.
10025] The support surfea may be arrenged on a roll. The roll may be a vacuum
i I I I I N 1 1 V'29738.501 (Atbolliey Docicet Number P28478). The discloeure of this US pstent eppiica0on ts hereby exprftsiy Incorpotatad by neferanoe In ite antimij/.
[00161 The inventbn addiEionatly aiso provides for a twin wire ATMOS system which utiitzes the dewaterfng fabric dtsdosed in US Pebent Appiication No. (Attomey Docket Number P28514). The disclosure of this US patent aippiication is hereby mcpr+essly incorporated by reference In its entlrft.
(0017] = The Invention further also provKim for a twln wh$ ATMOS system which utAizes the structured fabric discioaed In US Patert Appiication No. (p-ttomey Docket Number P29516). The disGosure of this US patent Qpplicatlon is hereby expnssaly incorporated by rcPerence in its entin*.
[0di8] The inventi+an also provides for a dewaterinq ayatsm fbr dswafsrtng a web wherein the system inc(udes a iuvin vwlro fonywr, a belt press, and a structuned fabft compr;sing a paper web facing side and being guided ov r a support surfece and through the beit press. The sfruCtured fabric runs at a slvmr spead than a wfrb ot the iwin wire forrner.
[0019] The structured fabric may be a pertneabEiity value of baiween approxknately 100 d'm and approximately 1200 aFrn, a paper surface contact area of between approximatBly 596 and approximately 70% when not under preasuro and #enmion.
and an open area of befiNeen approximately 10OA and Approxdmately 90%.
[0020] The belt pts:as may be acranged on an ATMOS eystem.
[0021] At least one surface of to sOvctunxJ fabric may oomprise at least one of an abraded surface and a sended surface.
10027j The structured fabric may comprise one of a single meterial, a monofitament matOCiO(, a multii9lament material, and two or more diffferent materials.
P025] The struct.ued fabric may be resislant to at leagt one of hydrolyais and ternparatures which exceed 100 degrees G.
[0034] The support surtaoe may be statio.
10025] The support surfea may be arrenged on a roll. The roll may be a vacuum
-5.
I 1 i11 1 N 11 V29738.S0I rali having a diameter of beiween approximately 1000 mm arxi appnoximately 2500 mm.
The vacuum rop may have a distneter of between approWmafiely 1400 mm and approximat* 1700 mm.
P02131 The belt press may form an axtended nip with the support surilaae. The exbended nip may have an angle of wrap of between approximateiy 30 degrees erld appnodmetefy 180 degrees, The angle ofwrap rneybe beWvow appraximataiy60 degrees and approxdmately 130 degrees. The au6ended nip may have a nip length of between apprcximately 800 mm and apprcadmately 2800 mm. 7he nip length may be between approxdmately 1200 mm and approocimataly 1600 mm.
[0027] The structumd fabric inay be an endiess belt that Is at least one of pre-seamed and has ib ends Joined on a machine which utiiFzes t11e beit press.
10028] The structured fabrio may be structured and arraroged to impart a topographical pattem to a web.
E00291 The vveb may be at least one of a ttssue web, a hygiene web, and a towel web.
10030] The invetition also provtdes for a method of subjactinQ a fibrous web to pressing in a paper machine using any of the systems desaribed herein, wherein the me#hod comprts s iorming the fibroua web In the twin wire forrner and applying pr+easurre tio the strucwred fabric and the fibrous web In the bett pna$s.
M0311 The system may further comprise a d$watering fabrk. The dewatsring fabrla may comprise a caliper of=beiweim appmxknaftiy 0-1 mm and appno)imatsly 15 mm, a permeabiiity value of be3ween approximately I cfm and apprcximately 600 cfm, an overall densiqr of beiwsen approximately 0.2 glcO and approximately 1.10 g/crng, and a weight of between apprqxdmatety 350 g/eand apprcxima*ly 3000 glm?. The dewataring fabrio may also pr+eiombly compriae a caliper of between approximatvly 1.0 mm and approxirnately 4 mm, a permeabiiity value of between approximateiy 10 ofm and appro~dmate[y 100 ctm, an overall density of between approximadeiy 0.2 glcm' and sppnmcimeftly 1.10 g/oms, and a weight of between approximately 900 ghW and approAmatsly 1400 gh2. The dewaWng .g..
ti =v29738s01 fabric may also most preferably comprise a caliper of beiweers approxlrnately 2 mm and approydmat,eiy 4 mm, a permeabMly value of bebmon apprmdmstaly 10 c:im and approximateiy 50 cfm, an overall density of beiween sppraXimafely 02 gicma and approximebey 1,10 g/crn3, and a weight of betwe n approxUnaisiy 900 g/rn3 and approximafieiy 1300 9lm2.
[0034 The belt pre,ss may comprise a pernleable belt. The permeable bdt may comprfse a tension of betwesn appnodmately 20 kiV/rn and appraximately 100 KN/m, a penmrabi{ity value of beiwaen appraximafiely 100 cfnl and approximalely,.1200 cfm. a surface contact area of fhe paper web side that ts between epproxWmbeJy 0.5%
and appnoximafiely 90% when hot undsr tensfon, and an open am oF between =aRpraodrnatiely 1.0% and approximWosly 85%.
[0033] A speed dtfferentiai betnreen the straslured fabric and the wire may be between approximately 5% and approximafiehl 30%. The speed d>ffomntiai may also be betvveen appnadma" 10% and approximately 2096.
jq034] The invention also provides ibr a ds<watertng system for dev--atwing a web, wheereln the system comprises a twin wire forMer comprising an outer belt and an Inner be1t, a belt prosa arren ed downstream of the twin wire lbrrW1 and a stntctuned fabrio arranged to support tm web aftr #he web is t~ansfetred from the Mner belt. The atruatured fabric and the lnner wire of the twin wire former nm at differsnt speeds.
[0036] A apeed difierential between the stnuatured fabrio and the innerwire may be betuireen approximately 596 and approxkroftiy 30%. The speed dif>;erential hnay be beWmen approximately 10% and 0pproWnmtefy 209b.
[+D038] The invention alsw provides for a method of subjecting a fibrous web to pnassing in a paper machine using any af the systems deacxibed heretn whsr+etn the method comprises forming the fibrous web In the iwin Nrire former and applyfig pnOssuneto ths atructured fabric and #he fibrous web In the belt press.
E00371 The invention also pravides for a detinrateiing system for dewalering a vueb wherein the system inc(udes a tw)n wire formsr cornprising an outer ben, an Inner belt, and _~.
w V2973$.1301 a forming roll, a belt press arranged dowmatneem cfithe twin wire former, a atructured fabric having a web facing side and being arranged to support the web atter the web Is transferred from the Inner beit, and a dewsteting belt having a web facing side and passing through tho belt prross. The structured fabrio runa slt a alowerspeed than the Innerwir+a of the twin wire former.
j0038J A speed diffierential between the structured fabrio and the innerwire may be between approxtmately 696 and approximateiy 30%. The speed dtfibnsntial may be between approximadely 10% and appnaodtnatieiy 2096.
E0036) The Invention aiao= provides 1'or a method of subjecting a fibroua web to pressing In a paper machine using any of the systems descnibed herein, wherein the method comprises fiQrrning the flbmus web In the twin wire f~ormer and appytng pressure to the structured fabric and the fibtoum web in the belt prees=
BRIEF i3ESCR1PTiiF THIER DRAWiNGS
100401 The ebove-mentioned and other fmtures and advantages of thia lnvehfion, and the manner of attaining them, wili beoorne more apparent and the invendon will be better understood by neftrenoe to the foliowing deacriptlon of an arnbodiment of the inventton taken In oonjunction with the accompanying drawing, whenein:
The sde figure Is acroes-sectional scherrmaft dieigram of a machin.e or system which utilizes an ATMOS syst m hoving a bett press and a iwin wire former.
DETAILED DESCRlPT1ON OF 'fHE INMI'i'ION
[00413 The particuiars shown herein are by way or exmpie and for purpoaes of iiiustrative discussion of the embodiments af the preeent invention only and are pr+eeenftf In the cause of providing what Is beiieved to be the most useful and readily understood description of the princtpies and conceptuat aspects of the pftoent invendon.
In this regard, no attempt is made to show atructural details of the pmsent Invention hi more detail than Is n4cessqry for tho fundamental understanding of the preeent invential, 'tbe desarip#ion is taken wiEh the dmwings maidng appanwtt to those skilled In the art how the forma of the pnasent invention may be embodied In preotba.
-8~
I 1 I~ I Iõpy i, .
V'Z9738.541 C00421 Referring now to the figur+e. there is shown a machine TWA for naeking a fibrous web W, e.g., a iiseue, hygiene papor wed, eto., which can be; e,g., a twin wire ATMOS system for prooessing a fibrous web W. System TWA Includes a headbox I
which feeds a ausperdsiop to a twin wire fomner formed by an outer wire 3a, an Inner wire 3b and a farming rpii 2. The iwin wire former can be of any conventionalty known type and can pnefieraby be of ihe type disologed In e.g,, US Pafisrrt Application No.11!'i 89,884 fifed on July 27, 2005. Once the web W is formad by #he twin wire former. the web W is oonveyed by the inner wire 3b to e structured fabric 4. The web W Is transferred to #he etructured fabric 4 from the inner vfire 3b using a suction box S icicated at a pick up'area. The web W
is conveyed by the structured fiabric 4 to and through a pressing anangeme,ntformed by a belt pms assembiy 18 composed of a permeable tension be1E 12 and a vacuum roli 8. A
dewatering fabric 7 also passes over the vacuum roN 8 and through the beit pr+sss pssembiy 18. The web W Is dawatered In the extended bolt preaa nip fomved by the beR
pnws assembly 18 and the vacuum rol19 and is then oerrted by tve stiuctured belt 4 to a Yankee cylinder 18 and hood 16 srrangement and is trensfonmd to the Yankee 16 uwing a press roli 14. A steam box and hot air blower arrangement 11 Is arranged within the parmcabia tension belt 12 and is arranged over a suotion zone Z of the vacuum roll 0. One or more saveaiis 10 is utflized to collect moisbure coiierted from the vacuum rofi 9. The system sitso utiiizes a number of guide rolls foreach of the beli'srFabrks, an adjusting roD 19 for the dewatering beft 7, a number of Uhle boxes 6a and 6b, a number of ehower i,niCs 8a, 8b, 8o end 8d, and an add8ional suotion box or pick-up 13, 1oo43j By way of non-iim8ing example, the outer wire 3a can be a conven#ionm) endless circulatirtg wire and/or can be a D8P bett (e.g., of the iype disclosed In VS Patent No. 8,237,644, the disciosure of which Is expreasiy incorporMed by nsferenoe In its entinuty), The outer wire 3a can also be any suitable oonventionai wire.
100A4] By way of non-limiting exampie, the Inner wire 3b can be an epdiesa circulating bett. The inner wine 3b can alao be any auitab[e comrertllonai wina.
[0045a By way of non-limiting woample, the forming roll 2 can be a sotW roll or an .
V?.9738.801 open roll. The roit 2 can also be any suitable conventional forming roll.
[00487 By way of non-Im3ting example, the belt press beK 12 can be a beR of the ~npe OIsdosed In e.g., US Paban# Applioa#ion No_ 111278,789 flled on March 14, (Atborney Dacket Number ti29473, the disciosure ofwhioh Is hereby exprossiy inoorporated by relbfence in ib enfinety). By way of exampb, the pertneable beft 12 can have a paper web fedng side andd can be guided over a support surfac4 of the rolt 9 and can have the following charecteristics; a tehsion of bel,ween approodnleAsty 20 kNlm and approdmafely 100 KNIm, a permeability,value of betwoen appraxtmaEey 100 cfm and appnodmately 1200 cfm, a surface contact aim of the paper web sid #hat Is betaw approximstieiy 0.5% and approximabety 90% when.not underfenston, and an open area of betwaen approxima1eiy 1.0% and apprwdmatety 8596.
[00471 For exsmpie, the pemieeble beft 12 can prefiErabiy have the fotlowing characbaTistics: the belt 12 should resist the high MD (rnachirie dinsctlon) tenaion foraos over a long time pefiad without stntr-htng and without distorijon of the monafltamertbe; the belt12 should nesist the effect of steam (and very hotwafier vapor) from the steam box fhat Is iri ft ATMOS configuration, i.e., it should resist hydrotysis: the belt 12 should attow a suffident votunie af air through the paper sheet so that suffident drynQSs (approxtmabely 32 to approuirnately 3696 or bettO Is achteved ~.the beft press as the web passee to the final drying at the Yankee dryina and creping sbne; the belt 12 should prefembly heve a suttable permeabiiiq- and surraae contact area, materlalg, and weave pattem as dascribed her in; 4nd the belt 12 should be part of a system or process that is efficWt and economlcal way of drying tf.ssue. The beft 12 can atso be a beft prsen< beft of the type discloeed in US 101972,408 fited on October 28, 2004 and/or US 10/872.451 filed on Ocfober 2S, 2004 and/ar US 10I788,48K fited on Januery 30, 2004, the disolosureaf ihesa documents are hereby expressly Inoorpomted by r+eference tn their entine*W
P0+18] By way of non-limiiing exampie, the dewateiing fabtic 7 can be a daNrafieting fabria of the type disoiosed in e.g., US Patent A,ppficn#ion No, (Attomey Docket Number P29514, the disclosure of which Is hereby exprossiy inaorpomted py ~la i V?9738.s01 reference In it8 entireEy), and can have the itollowing characWiettos and propertba. By way of exampie, tite demtering fabric 7 can have a paper wsb facing side and can be guided over a support surFaoe such as that of the rroit 9 and can have the fio[Owing oharactsrisNcx:
a caiiper of between eppnoxinm#ely 0.1 mm and approxdmabehl 15 mm, a permsabiliiy vaiue af bete+een approxtma#ely'f cEm and appncximateiy 500 cfm, an ovenail density of befi+ueen approximately 0,2 glem' and approxtmateiy 1.10 glcam', and a weight of beiween approximately 350 g/ms ond apprroodn186eiy 3000 p/n?. The caiiper can also ptefarably be between epproximately 2 mm and approArnately 4 mm, the pemmabiUty value can preterabiy be between approxlmately 10 dm and approwdmeiely 50 cfm, the overaN
densily can preferably be betreen approxirnately 0.2 g/ams and appr+oodmately 1.10 pkma, and the weight can pr+ststabiy be belwwen apprwdmateiy 900 glmz and appnwimate[y 1300 ghn?.
The dcmsfttfng fabric 7 should also pneferaby have good oornpreasibft.
18046] According to one non-Iimiting embodiment of 1he invertbon,ihe formed vueb W is transferred to the sbuctured fabric 4 using the suction box 6. Thia occurs whQe the struatured fabric 4 and the Inner wire 3b are ruing at dfflWent speeds, i.a., a speed di1'Ferentiai is ufiilized between the beiCs 3b and 4. Preferably, the stucfiunad bett 4 is running at a siower speed than iho lnner wire 3b. The vuOb W rrwves in a meohine direction M past the firat suction box 5a and seaond staction boX Sb. Using the vaa,um bqxes 5a and 6b, sufficient n'ioisture con be remorred from web Wto aohieMe a soiids lennel of between epproximately 7% and appraximateiy 25% on a typksd Qr nominal 20 gram per square meter (gsm) web running. The vacuum at the box 5 can provide beiween approidmatey -0.2 to appnoximately -0.8 bar vaa.wrn, with s preferred opend(ng level of between approxirnately -0.4 to apprcximata>y -0.8 bar. As fibrous web W
proceeds along the machins directfon M, it comes into contKt with a dewaWing fabric 7. The dswabering fabria 7 e:an be an eridfess earcuiating beltwhich is gukied by a plurapty of guide rolie. The tension of the fabric 7 can be adjusled by adjuslng guide roll 19. The dauvatering belt 7 can be a dewateft fabric ot felt. The web W then proceeds taord vacuum roll 9 between the structured fabrio 4 and the dewataring fabric 7. The vacuum roll 9 rotates along the machine direcdon M.and oan be opgrated st a vacuum levei of bet"en N
VM8i.S01 approximately Ø2 to approximatey -0.8 bar with a prefimed opereting level of at leest.
approodmateiy -0.4 bar, and most prefierabiy approximataly -0.6.bar. By way of non-Ilmidng example; the thickrma of the vacuum roU shell of rolt 9 may be In the renge of between appnaWmbtely 26 mm and approximately 75 mm. The rnean airflow through the web W In the area of the suction zone Z can be appnaxtmately 150 mslmin per metefi of machine width at abnospferio prossure and at ambient temperatur+e. The struoWred iabft 4, web W and dewafiering fabria 7 are guided through a belt pnass 10 lbnned by the vacuum roll 9 and a permeable belt 12. As is shown in the fiqure, the permeabb belt 12 Is a single andlessiy circulating belt which is guided by a pluraiity of guide rolls and which premsses against the vacuum roi19 so as to 1bim the belt pr+esa 18.
t0o6o] The upper or stvotured fabric 4 Is an endless fabricwhiah tan9porb the web W to and finm the beft press sysftm 18, from the twin wire fbmer 2ISa/8D. and to the Yankee cylinder 18 tor flnal drying. After being tranafen+ad from ttas twin wire tormer. the web W lies In the three-dimensiottai atructuro of the upper iabrlc 4, and therefore tt Is not flat but has also a three-dimensional struoturo. whioh produces a high bulky web. Th lower fabrla 7 Is also permeabie. The deaipn of the iawer fabric 7 Is made to be capable of atoring w fier. The lawerfabric 7 can alsa have a amoofh surFaoe. The lomerfabricb 7 can preierabty be a felt with a batt layer. The dianeftr of th bdtt fib m of the lowar fabric 7 are equal to or less than approximately 1I dfisx and can pretenably be equal to or lcmw than approxlmately 4.2 dtex, or more prsterabiy be equal to or lesa than approxima#ely 3.3 dtex. The batt fibers can elso be a blend oFfibers. The lower fabrio 7 can aiso contain a vootar layer which contalrn iibers from appmximafiely 07 dfiex. and con aisa contaln even oourser iibera such as, e.g., epproximateiy 100 dtex, sppraxlmafely 140 dteoc, or eert higher dtex numbers. This Is important fbr the good ab~orptian of water. The wetbed surfac ot the batt layer of the kmwerf abric 7 iand/or of the lawerfabrio itselr con be equal to or gmaier than approxlm0tely 36 m?Jmz felt ema, and can pnefergbly be equal to or greater than appmximately 65 nit/eielt area, and can moet pn3i+eratbiy be equal to orgnaAer than epproximatoly 100 maAr? felt ares. The specific suTFaee of the lawer fabMc 7 oan be equal to or gmater then approximatgiy 0.04 mglg feit weight, and can preferably be equal to or .
V2973s.so1 greater th.an epprovdmately 0.065 relg felt weiglrt, and oan most preferably be equal to or greater than approxirnatefy 0.076 m=!g felt weigtrt. This Is aleo 6mportent for the good absorption of waber. The dynamic stlRhesa FC' [Nhrim] as a vahse for the compressibft oap be aoc ptable if less than or equa( to 100,000 Nlmm, pref erabla compreaslbflity Is bSs than or equat to 90,000 Nlrnm, and most preftrabfy the oompreasibitiiy in less than or equai to 70,000 Whnm. The compr+essibMty (thioisness change by iorce In mm/N) of the lower fetbrla 7 should be considered. This Is fmportant In order to dewaterfihe web afnctently to a hi9h dqness level. A hard surfsoa would not prees the web W betywsen the prominent .,points of the struetunxl surFaoe crf'rhe upperfabrte 4. On the other hand.
the felt should not be pressed to deep inGo the three-dknenabnal s4vdure to avaid tosing bulk and tlhera0ore qualtly, e.g., water holding capacity.
100513 Also byway of non-iimiting example, the permeable belt 12 can be a single or muffl-l"r woven fabric which can vd#hstand the high running tenaions, high preseures, heat, mofsture'cortcentra#ons and achieve a high level of water removal requinxd by tt*
papermaking process. The fabric 12 sNuid preferably have a high width atabtUty, be able to opepMs at high running tenstona, e.g.. bet,ween approodmetely 20 kNlm and approximabely 100 IdVlm,.and pteferably greater than or equal to approxlmatiety 20 tdWrn and bss than or equat fio appreximately 60 kN/m. The fabric 12 sho4ld pnrferably also haive a suttable high permeability, and can be made of hydnaiysts and/or t mperature rssistanE mabertal. Tho permeable high'bension belt 12 forms pait of a't$nctwiah'stTudure which lndudes a structured beR4 and the dewatering belt 7. 1hsae belta 4 and 7, with the web W located there between, are subjected to prossur+e_in the pressing d_e_vice '18 which includes the high tenakm belt 12 arnarged over the rotating rdi S. In other embod(ments, the beR press 18 can be used In a devioe which uttlizes a st tic extended devuefiarinp nip Instead of the roteting roll 9.
FO6M Referring back to the figure, t!w nip tonned bythe beit pna;s 1 S and roli 9 can have an angle of wrap of between approximafiety 30 degreee and 150 degnaea, and preferably between approucimatety 50 degrees and approximatey 140 degr+mc. By wsy of I'l 1~"W,, h w non-ilmidng example, the nfp length aan be behmn appraodma#ey 800 mm and appnocimatey 2600 mm, and can preferably be between appraodmatel,y 1200 mrn and approximetely 1500 mm. Also, byway of non-AmttinB example. the diameler ot the suctton rol1418 ca rt be belvueen approxfmately 1000 rnm and approximabely 2500 mm or gneetsr, and can preferably be beiween applnodmalely 1400 mm and appn=imatey 1700 mm.
[006n To enable syftble dewatering, ft single or multilayer d labric 12 ahouid pr+elbrably henie a permeabiRty value of between appraxtnabey 100 aflm and appr=dmakWy 1200 ofin. and Is most probnably between appraodrnateiy 300 ofm and approxWrnatieiy 800 afm. The nip can also hsve an angle of vwrap that is prefemby bbbMeen 50 degreee and 130 dagroes. The single or muttt-layaned fabric or permeable belt 12 cqn also be an aly+eadyformod (i.e.. a pr+e joined or smmed belt) an endlsss woven belL
AibemablIvey, the beit 12 can be a woven beft that has Its ends jotned together via a pin-seam or can be instead be somed on the machine. 1U aingle or multi-layered fabric or permeable belt 12 can aiso pref+erably have a paper surface contact area of between approxdma#e1y 0,596 = and approxmately 90% when nct under pnenum or tenaion. The conAad surface olthe belt should not be alfiered by subJecing the belt to sanding or grinding. By way of non-limitinp ex mple, the beit 12 should have an open area of between approodnutsly 1.0g6 and approximately 86%. The sin0ie or multi-layered fabrio or permeable beft 12 oan also be a woiren belt having a paper surfaoe warp count of between=appnaxirneteiy 6 yanwom and apprexirnafiey 80 yanWom, and is preferAbly between aipprocimately e yams/om and approximately 20 yamslom, and is most prefarabiy betvueen approximately 10 yams/cm and approodmately 15 yams/om. Furthsrmore, the woven belt 12 can hes a paper surtgoe weft Qoun# of bctvueen appnoximaiely 6 yarnalpn and appnwinnat* 60 yams/om, and Is preferably between apprroodlnatieh- 5 yemekxn and approodma~eli- 20 ywns/an, and is most.
preferabiy between appnoxdmateiy S yamslcm and apprvximately 17 yams/cm.
[q06q Due to the high motsture and heat whlch can be genefated In the ATMOS
papermaidnA pmease, the woven singfe or muid-layrered fabric or petmeable belt 12 can be made of one or more ?-ydrolysis and/or heat r+esistgnt matarials. The one or more f 1r,w, ~ F
V29738.-SO1 hydrolysis resistant materials can preferabiy be a PET monofiiament and can ideaQy have an intrinsic viscosity value normaqy associated wiih dryer and TAD fabrics, l.e., fi the range of between 0.72 N and 1.0 IV. These materiais can aiso have a suitabie "stabitization pedcage" induding carboxyi end group equivalents etc, When considering hydrolysia resistanoe, one should consider the carboxyi snd group equWlents, as the acid groups cata" hydrolyafs, and res[duai DEG or di-ethyiene glycoi as this toc can irtcxense the rate of hydrolysis. These factors separate the resin whioh should be used from the typical PET bottie resin. For hydrolysis, it has been found that the oarboxyl equlvalent should be as iow es possible to begin with and shouiid.be less than 12. For DEG level, less tfian 0.75% should preferably be used. Even that this low " of carboxyl end groups, It is essential that an end capping agent be added. A carbodilmide shoyid be used during cxtrusion to ensure that at the end of the process there are no free carboxyl groups. There are several classes of chemicai that Qan be used to cap the end groups, suoh as epoxies.
ortlw-ester+s and isocyanates, but, In pracoce, monemeric and combinatiorre of monotneric with polymeric carbodiimindes are the best and most used. Pmferably, atl end groups aro capped by'an end oapping agent that may be seleGEed from the above-noted daases such that there are no free carboxyl enil groups.
10066] PPS can be used for the heat resis#ant materials. Other single polymer materfais such as PEN, PBT, PEEK and PA can also be used to improve properdes suoh as stabliity, cleaniiness and t'ife. Both single polymer yams as wieA as copolyrner yarns can ba used.
100681 The rnateriai used fior the high tension belt 12 may not necessariiy be made frorn monofiiamerrt, and can aiso be a multfilam4nt. lnciuding the core and sheath. Other ma#eriais such as non-piastic materials can also be used, e.g., tnetai mateftla.
[0057] The permeable belt 12 need not be made of a single matnrial and can also be made of two, three or more dtfferent materials, i.e.. the bett can be a composite bett (00M The permeable belt 12 can also be fomied with an external lwjer, coating, andlor treatment which is applied by deposition and/or which I. a polymeric material thot , i 6 V'29738,s01 can be crosa iinlced during ptocessinp. Pr+efer bly, the coating enhancos the fabrlo stabfiity. contamination resistance, drainage, wearabtiity, Improved heat andlor hydrolysis rasistance. lt Is also preferabiee ifthe ooating reducm fabric surfsace tension to mlde sheet release or to reduce drive loads. The treatment or coatjng can be appiied to lmpart and/or irnprove one or more of these properties.
100091 The perrneable belt 12 does not neosssarny require excellent ccntect anea.
i.e., one non-iimiting exemple of a well performing bett 12 In an ATMOS system comprises a contact area of less than 10%. ideally, the pemmable bett 12 has a syitabb pemwebl>fty and surface contact area. The materials and weave of the belt are less important than such considerationt3.
[0060] By way of non-iimitina exampie, #ha structured fabric 4 can be a structurod fabric of the type disclosed In e,g., = US Patent Applicafion No. (Attorney =Docket Number P29515, the disdosune of which is hereby Racpressly incorporated by, 'referenee in ita entirety). Byway of example, the atructured fabric 4 can have a paperweb facing side and can be guided over the support surfaoa of the roll 9 and can hcwe the foilowtng oheracteriatks; a permeabiiity value of between approximafieiy 100 cim and $ppno)dmateiy 1200 dm, a paper surface aontact an3a of bohmen approximately 696 and approximately 70% when not under pressurs and terlsion, and an open area of between approximately 10% and apprwdmatety 90%.
[0051] Also by way of non-Iimibing example, the atruc:tur+ed fabric4 can be a sirgle or multi-layered woven fabtic which can wihsftnd the high pressunas, heat, moisture concentratlons, and which can achieve a. high level of water_ removal-and._alao_mold or embasa the paper web required by the Voith A'1'MOS paper maidng process. The febric 4 should also have a width ietabiiity, a sui#sble high permeabiiity. The fabric 4 should also pnefenaby utpixe hydroysis andlor temperature resistant materiale.
E00621 The fabric 41s utillaed as part of a sandwich atructure which Includes at least two other betts and/or fabrice. These additional belts fndude a high tension belt 12 and a dewatering belt 7. The sandwich stnacture Is subjected to pressure and tension over an -t6-, ,~ I~, I I I Y X
V29T38.S01 extended nip fortne.d by a rotsting rop 9 or sta8a support surface. 'iThe exbended nip can have en an81e of wrap of between appr+oxlmafieiy 30 degrees and epproximatsiy de0naw, and Is pnsferably betwsen approximafiely 50 degnoea and epproxdnretsiy degnoes. The nip length can be beiween appnaximately 800 mm and approdmatey 2600' mm, and Is preferabiy between approximately 1200 mm and appmdmateiy 1500 mm.
The nip can be formed by a rvtatlng sudion rop having a diameter 'dhat is between approxlrnatpiy 1000 mm and approximftly 2500 mm, and Is preferribly between 8pproxinately 1400 mm and appnocimateiy 1700 nun.
[006M The structuned fabrk4 imparts a topographicai pa#tem into thes papersheetor web. To accomplish this, high pressune& are impartsd to the molding fabric 4 via a high tansion beR 12. -ThQ topography of the sheet pattern can be manipulated by varying the spectfioetione of #te moiding belt 4, i.e., by r+esuiating parametera suoh as, yam diamet r, yam shape, yam density, and yarrtl type. qifferenttopagraphicai patterns can be imperted in the aheet by different surface weaves. Sirnilariy. the intensity of the sheet psitiem oan be verwd by atbering the press.ure imparCed by the high tenobn belt 12 and by vmying the speci}ication of the moidln8 belt 4. Other factors which can influence the=nature and irttensity of the typographical patbam ot the sheet indude air tempen3htre, ah speed, mir pressure, balt dwell tirft In the exbended nip, and nip length.
10084a The foltowtng are non,flmiting - cheraderistks and/or properdes of the structured fabric 4: to enable suitsbhe dewetering, the single or mui8-layerad fabric should have a permeability value of between approximately 100 dm and approidmately 1200 ctm, and is preferabiy betuNeen appncxirnately 200 afrn and spproximately 900 cfm;
the fabria 4 which Is pett of a sandwich structyre wlth wo othen beft, e.p., a high tension belt 12 and a dewai,ering bet 7, Is subjecfied to premure and bansion om a rotattng or static aypport surface and. at an angiA of wrap of beimen approximately 30 degnoes and approxlmately 780 dagnms and preferabiy betmen appmdmately 50 de0nzea and appnacimately 130 degreas; the fabda 4 should have a paper surFace contsct area of betvreen approxmatvly 5% and approximateiy 70% when not under pressure ortension; the forming fabric should -i?-, ~,, V29'/38.S01 have an open area of between appro)dmately 10% and approxlmafieiy 5096, [0066] The fabric 4 Is preferably a wrnren fabrlc that can be instatied on an ATMOS
machine as a pre-joined andloriseamed continuous and/orendiess beit.
Attemativeiy, the fortning fabrio 4 can pe joined In the ATMOS machine using e.g., a p!n-seam arrangement or can othervvise be seamed on the machine. In order to resist the high moisture and h4at genetabed by the ATMOS peperrnakine process, the woven single or muiti-layered belt 4 mey utiiize either hydrolysis and/or heat resistant maberiais. Hydrolysis r+eaistant rnsberiala shoyid preferably Include a PET monofilamept having an intrinsic visc:psity value normally associated with dryer and TAD fabrios In the range of between 0.72 IV and approximatiety 1.0 IV and also have a suitable "stabilization package" which inotuding carboxyl end group equivalents, as the acid groups catalyze hydroiysis and residual DEG or di-$thyiene glycol .as this too can increase the rate of hydroiysis. These two factors separate the resin which can be used from the'typicai PET bottks nssin. For hydroiysis, it hm been found that the carpoxyi equivatent should be as low ais possible to begin with, and should be less than approxlmatey 12. The DEO level shouid be less than approximateiy 0.75%. Even at this low level of'carboxyl end groups it Is essential that an end oapping agent be added, and should utilize 0 carbodiimide during extrusion to ensurethet atthe end ofthe proceas there are no free oarbowcyl groups. There are several clasaes of chemical than can be used to cap the end groups such as epoxies, ortho-esfiers, and isocyanates, but In practioe monomeric and combinations of monomeric with polymeric carbod"mindes are the best +and most used.
[0066] Heat resistant materials such as PPS can be ufilized In the structuned fabric 4. Other materials such as PEN, PBT, PEEK and PA can also be used to knprove properties of the fabric 4 such as stabitity, cieanliness and life. Both isingie poiymeryams and copolymer yams can be used. The material tor the belt 4 n ed not necessariy be made ifrom monofiiament and can be a muiti-filament, core and sheath. and oouid also be a non-plaotic matedat. I.e., a metallic mateiial. Similarly, the fabric 4 may not necessanly be made of a single material and can be made of two. three or more dffFerent materiaia.
-18.
I I II IG. 4.1 vz9r3s.Soi The use of shaped yarns, Le., non-ciraaler yarns, oan also be ub'liied to enhance or control the topography or properiles of the paper sheet Shaped yams can aisa be ufiilized to improve or control fabric characterMcs or proper4 s aucil ms stabit'ity, cafiper, surfece aontact area, surFace plonerity, permeabilily and wearebllRy.
LOo6Tj The structured fabric 4 can also be treated and/or coated wM an additional potymeric matefti that is applied by e.g., deposition. The materiai can be added onous- =
Anked during procQasing In order to enhance tabrb atebpity, oontaminetion resistance, drainage, wearabliity, Improve heat and/or hydroiysis nesiatance and in order to reduce fabric surÃaoe tension. This a'Ids in sheet release and/or roduoe. dtlve loads. The.
tn:atment/costing can be applied to innparttmprove one or seveml of these properties of the fabrlo4. As indicated previousy, the topographical patbern In the paperviab W can be changed and manipulated by use of different aingle and mutti-laiyer weaves.
Furthor enhancement of the patterrm can be furEher atteined by ad)ustrnenls to the spociftc fabric weave by changes to the yam dismeter, yam counts, yam types, . yam shapes, pennesbilKy, caflper and the addition of atvatrmt or coogng etc. Finally, one or more surEaoes of the fabric or molding belt 4 can be subjected to sanding andlor abrading In order to enhance surface,charaoterlaft.
LpgBBj . It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided me=ely for the purpose of explanation and are In no way to be construed as iimhing of the pnesent lnvention. While the present lrrnrention has been deson'I?ed with referencs to examplery embodiments, It Is understood that the words that have been used ars vinorda of description and illuahatjon. ratherthan vuorda of limitiation. Changes may be made, wlihin the punllew of the appended claims, as presently ateted and as amended, without deparHng fhorn the scope and spirit of the present invention in ft aspeotis. Aithough the invention has been desoribed herein with reference to pardcular arraneements, materials and embodimsnta, the invention is not Intended to be limfbed to the perticulara disdosed herein. lnsbead, the Invention extends to all funaUonally equivalent structures, methoc[a and uses, suoh as are vftin the saope af the appended olairrrs.
,
I 1 i11 1 N 11 V29738.S0I rali having a diameter of beiween approximately 1000 mm arxi appnoximately 2500 mm.
The vacuum rop may have a distneter of between approWmafiely 1400 mm and approximat* 1700 mm.
P02131 The belt press may form an axtended nip with the support surilaae. The exbended nip may have an angle of wrap of between approximateiy 30 degrees erld appnodmetefy 180 degrees, The angle ofwrap rneybe beWvow appraximataiy60 degrees and approxdmately 130 degrees. The au6ended nip may have a nip length of between apprcximately 800 mm and apprcadmately 2800 mm. 7he nip length may be between approxdmately 1200 mm and approocimataly 1600 mm.
[0027] The structumd fabric inay be an endiess belt that Is at least one of pre-seamed and has ib ends Joined on a machine which utiiFzes t11e beit press.
10028] The structured fabrio may be structured and arraroged to impart a topographical pattem to a web.
E00291 The vveb may be at least one of a ttssue web, a hygiene web, and a towel web.
10030] The invetition also provtdes for a method of subjactinQ a fibrous web to pressing in a paper machine using any of the systems desaribed herein, wherein the me#hod comprts s iorming the fibroua web In the twin wire forrner and applying pr+easurre tio the strucwred fabric and the fibrous web In the bett pna$s.
M0311 The system may further comprise a d$watering fabrk. The dewatsring fabrla may comprise a caliper of=beiweim appmxknaftiy 0-1 mm and appno)imatsly 15 mm, a permeabiiity value of be3ween approximately I cfm and apprcximately 600 cfm, an overall densiqr of beiwsen approximately 0.2 glcO and approximately 1.10 g/crng, and a weight of between apprqxdmatety 350 g/eand apprcxima*ly 3000 glm?. The dewataring fabrio may also pr+eiombly compriae a caliper of between approximatvly 1.0 mm and approxirnately 4 mm, a permeabiiity value of between approximateiy 10 ofm and appro~dmate[y 100 ctm, an overall density of between approximadeiy 0.2 glcm' and sppnmcimeftly 1.10 g/oms, and a weight of between approximately 900 ghW and approAmatsly 1400 gh2. The dewaWng .g..
ti =v29738s01 fabric may also most preferably comprise a caliper of beiweers approxlrnately 2 mm and approydmat,eiy 4 mm, a permeabMly value of bebmon apprmdmstaly 10 c:im and approximateiy 50 cfm, an overall density of beiween sppraXimafely 02 gicma and approximebey 1,10 g/crn3, and a weight of betwe n approxUnaisiy 900 g/rn3 and approximafieiy 1300 9lm2.
[0034 The belt pre,ss may comprise a pernleable belt. The permeable bdt may comprfse a tension of betwesn appnodmately 20 kiV/rn and appraximately 100 KN/m, a penmrabi{ity value of beiwaen appraximafiely 100 cfnl and approximalely,.1200 cfm. a surface contact area of fhe paper web side that ts between epproxWmbeJy 0.5%
and appnoximafiely 90% when hot undsr tensfon, and an open am oF between =aRpraodrnatiely 1.0% and approximWosly 85%.
[0033] A speed dtfferentiai betnreen the straslured fabric and the wire may be between approximately 5% and approximafiehl 30%. The speed d>ffomntiai may also be betvveen appnadma" 10% and approximately 2096.
jq034] The invention also provides ibr a ds<watertng system for dev--atwing a web, wheereln the system comprises a twin wire forMer comprising an outer belt and an Inner be1t, a belt prosa arren ed downstream of the twin wire lbrrW1 and a stntctuned fabrio arranged to support tm web aftr #he web is t~ansfetred from the Mner belt. The atruatured fabric and the lnner wire of the twin wire former nm at differsnt speeds.
[0036] A apeed difierential between the stnuatured fabrio and the innerwire may be betuireen approximately 596 and approxkroftiy 30%. The speed dif>;erential hnay be beWmen approximately 10% and 0pproWnmtefy 209b.
[+D038] The invention alsw provides for a method of subjecting a fibrous web to pnassing in a paper machine using any af the systems deacxibed heretn whsr+etn the method comprises forming the fibrous web In the iwin Nrire former and applyfig pnOssuneto ths atructured fabric and #he fibrous web In the belt press.
E00371 The invention also pravides for a detinrateiing system for dewalering a vueb wherein the system inc(udes a tw)n wire formsr cornprising an outer ben, an Inner belt, and _~.
w V2973$.1301 a forming roll, a belt press arranged dowmatneem cfithe twin wire former, a atructured fabric having a web facing side and being arranged to support the web atter the web Is transferred from the Inner beit, and a dewsteting belt having a web facing side and passing through tho belt prross. The structured fabrio runa slt a alowerspeed than the Innerwir+a of the twin wire former.
j0038J A speed diffierential between the structured fabrio and the innerwire may be between approxtmately 696 and approximateiy 30%. The speed dtfibnsntial may be between approximadely 10% and appnaodtnatieiy 2096.
E0036) The Invention aiao= provides 1'or a method of subjecting a fibroua web to pressing In a paper machine using any of the systems descnibed herein, wherein the method comprises fiQrrning the flbmus web In the twin wire f~ormer and appytng pressure to the structured fabric and the fibtoum web in the belt prees=
BRIEF i3ESCR1PTiiF THIER DRAWiNGS
100401 The ebove-mentioned and other fmtures and advantages of thia lnvehfion, and the manner of attaining them, wili beoorne more apparent and the invendon will be better understood by neftrenoe to the foliowing deacriptlon of an arnbodiment of the inventton taken In oonjunction with the accompanying drawing, whenein:
The sde figure Is acroes-sectional scherrmaft dieigram of a machin.e or system which utilizes an ATMOS syst m hoving a bett press and a iwin wire former.
DETAILED DESCRlPT1ON OF 'fHE INMI'i'ION
[00413 The particuiars shown herein are by way or exmpie and for purpoaes of iiiustrative discussion of the embodiments af the preeent invention only and are pr+eeenftf In the cause of providing what Is beiieved to be the most useful and readily understood description of the princtpies and conceptuat aspects of the pftoent invendon.
In this regard, no attempt is made to show atructural details of the pmsent Invention hi more detail than Is n4cessqry for tho fundamental understanding of the preeent invential, 'tbe desarip#ion is taken wiEh the dmwings maidng appanwtt to those skilled In the art how the forma of the pnasent invention may be embodied In preotba.
-8~
I 1 I~ I Iõpy i, .
V'Z9738.541 C00421 Referring now to the figur+e. there is shown a machine TWA for naeking a fibrous web W, e.g., a iiseue, hygiene papor wed, eto., which can be; e,g., a twin wire ATMOS system for prooessing a fibrous web W. System TWA Includes a headbox I
which feeds a ausperdsiop to a twin wire fomner formed by an outer wire 3a, an Inner wire 3b and a farming rpii 2. The iwin wire former can be of any conventionalty known type and can pnefieraby be of ihe type disologed In e.g,, US Pafisrrt Application No.11!'i 89,884 fifed on July 27, 2005. Once the web W is formad by #he twin wire former. the web W is oonveyed by the inner wire 3b to e structured fabric 4. The web W Is transferred to #he etructured fabric 4 from the inner vfire 3b using a suction box S icicated at a pick up'area. The web W
is conveyed by the structured fiabric 4 to and through a pressing anangeme,ntformed by a belt pms assembiy 18 composed of a permeable tension be1E 12 and a vacuum roli 8. A
dewatering fabric 7 also passes over the vacuum roN 8 and through the beit pr+sss pssembiy 18. The web W Is dawatered In the extended bolt preaa nip fomved by the beR
pnws assembly 18 and the vacuum rol19 and is then oerrted by tve stiuctured belt 4 to a Yankee cylinder 18 and hood 16 srrangement and is trensfonmd to the Yankee 16 uwing a press roli 14. A steam box and hot air blower arrangement 11 Is arranged within the parmcabia tension belt 12 and is arranged over a suotion zone Z of the vacuum roll 0. One or more saveaiis 10 is utflized to collect moisbure coiierted from the vacuum rofi 9. The system sitso utiiizes a number of guide rolls foreach of the beli'srFabrks, an adjusting roD 19 for the dewatering beft 7, a number of Uhle boxes 6a and 6b, a number of ehower i,niCs 8a, 8b, 8o end 8d, and an add8ional suotion box or pick-up 13, 1oo43j By way of non-iim8ing example, the outer wire 3a can be a conven#ionm) endless circulatirtg wire and/or can be a D8P bett (e.g., of the iype disclosed In VS Patent No. 8,237,644, the disciosure of which Is expreasiy incorporMed by nsferenoe In its entinuty), The outer wire 3a can also be any suitable oonventionai wire.
100A4] By way of non-limiting exampie, the Inner wire 3b can be an epdiesa circulating bett. The inner wine 3b can alao be any auitab[e comrertllonai wina.
[0045a By way of non-limiting woample, the forming roll 2 can be a sotW roll or an .
V?.9738.801 open roll. The roit 2 can also be any suitable conventional forming roll.
[00487 By way of non-Im3ting example, the belt press beK 12 can be a beR of the ~npe OIsdosed In e.g., US Paban# Applioa#ion No_ 111278,789 flled on March 14, (Atborney Dacket Number ti29473, the disciosure ofwhioh Is hereby exprossiy inoorporated by relbfence in ib enfinety). By way of exampb, the pertneable beft 12 can have a paper web fedng side andd can be guided over a support surfac4 of the rolt 9 and can have the following charecteristics; a tehsion of bel,ween approodnleAsty 20 kNlm and approdmafely 100 KNIm, a permeability,value of betwoen appraxtmaEey 100 cfm and appnodmately 1200 cfm, a surface contact aim of the paper web sid #hat Is betaw approximstieiy 0.5% and approximabety 90% when.not underfenston, and an open area of betwaen approxima1eiy 1.0% and apprwdmatety 8596.
[00471 For exsmpie, the pemieeble beft 12 can prefiErabiy have the fotlowing characbaTistics: the belt 12 should resist the high MD (rnachirie dinsctlon) tenaion foraos over a long time pefiad without stntr-htng and without distorijon of the monafltamertbe; the belt12 should nesist the effect of steam (and very hotwafier vapor) from the steam box fhat Is iri ft ATMOS configuration, i.e., it should resist hydrotysis: the belt 12 should attow a suffident votunie af air through the paper sheet so that suffident drynQSs (approxtmabely 32 to approuirnately 3696 or bettO Is achteved ~.the beft press as the web passee to the final drying at the Yankee dryina and creping sbne; the belt 12 should prefembly heve a suttable permeabiiiq- and surraae contact area, materlalg, and weave pattem as dascribed her in; 4nd the belt 12 should be part of a system or process that is efficWt and economlcal way of drying tf.ssue. The beft 12 can atso be a beft prsen< beft of the type discloeed in US 101972,408 fited on October 28, 2004 and/or US 10/872.451 filed on Ocfober 2S, 2004 and/ar US 10I788,48K fited on Januery 30, 2004, the disolosureaf ihesa documents are hereby expressly Inoorpomted by r+eference tn their entine*W
P0+18] By way of non-limiiing exampie, the dewateiing fabtic 7 can be a daNrafieting fabria of the type disoiosed in e.g., US Patent A,ppficn#ion No, (Attomey Docket Number P29514, the disclosure of which Is hereby exprossiy inaorpomted py ~la i V?9738.s01 reference In it8 entireEy), and can have the itollowing characWiettos and propertba. By way of exampie, tite demtering fabric 7 can have a paper wsb facing side and can be guided over a support surFaoe such as that of the rroit 9 and can have the fio[Owing oharactsrisNcx:
a caiiper of between eppnoxinm#ely 0.1 mm and approxdmabehl 15 mm, a permsabiliiy vaiue af bete+een approxtma#ely'f cEm and appncximateiy 500 cfm, an ovenail density of befi+ueen approximately 0,2 glem' and approxtmateiy 1.10 glcam', and a weight of beiween approximately 350 g/ms ond apprroodn186eiy 3000 p/n?. The caiiper can also ptefarably be between epproximately 2 mm and approArnately 4 mm, the pemmabiUty value can preterabiy be between approxlmately 10 dm and approwdmeiely 50 cfm, the overaN
densily can preferably be betreen approxirnately 0.2 g/ams and appr+oodmately 1.10 pkma, and the weight can pr+ststabiy be belwwen apprwdmateiy 900 glmz and appnwimate[y 1300 ghn?.
The dcmsfttfng fabric 7 should also pneferaby have good oornpreasibft.
18046] According to one non-Iimiting embodiment of 1he invertbon,ihe formed vueb W is transferred to the sbuctured fabric 4 using the suction box 6. Thia occurs whQe the struatured fabric 4 and the Inner wire 3b are ruing at dfflWent speeds, i.a., a speed di1'Ferentiai is ufiilized between the beiCs 3b and 4. Preferably, the stucfiunad bett 4 is running at a siower speed than iho lnner wire 3b. The vuOb W rrwves in a meohine direction M past the firat suction box 5a and seaond staction boX Sb. Using the vaa,um bqxes 5a and 6b, sufficient n'ioisture con be remorred from web Wto aohieMe a soiids lennel of between epproximately 7% and appraximateiy 25% on a typksd Qr nominal 20 gram per square meter (gsm) web running. The vacuum at the box 5 can provide beiween approidmatey -0.2 to appnoximately -0.8 bar vaa.wrn, with s preferred opend(ng level of between approxirnately -0.4 to apprcximata>y -0.8 bar. As fibrous web W
proceeds along the machins directfon M, it comes into contKt with a dewaWing fabric 7. The dswabering fabria 7 e:an be an eridfess earcuiating beltwhich is gukied by a plurapty of guide rolie. The tension of the fabric 7 can be adjusled by adjuslng guide roll 19. The dauvatering belt 7 can be a dewateft fabric ot felt. The web W then proceeds taord vacuum roll 9 between the structured fabrio 4 and the dewataring fabric 7. The vacuum roll 9 rotates along the machine direcdon M.and oan be opgrated st a vacuum levei of bet"en N
VM8i.S01 approximately Ø2 to approximatey -0.8 bar with a prefimed opereting level of at leest.
approodmateiy -0.4 bar, and most prefierabiy approximataly -0.6.bar. By way of non-Ilmidng example; the thickrma of the vacuum roU shell of rolt 9 may be In the renge of between appnaWmbtely 26 mm and approximately 75 mm. The rnean airflow through the web W In the area of the suction zone Z can be appnaxtmately 150 mslmin per metefi of machine width at abnospferio prossure and at ambient temperatur+e. The struoWred iabft 4, web W and dewafiering fabria 7 are guided through a belt pnass 10 lbnned by the vacuum roll 9 and a permeable belt 12. As is shown in the fiqure, the permeabb belt 12 Is a single andlessiy circulating belt which is guided by a pluraiity of guide rolls and which premsses against the vacuum roi19 so as to 1bim the belt pr+esa 18.
t0o6o] The upper or stvotured fabric 4 Is an endless fabricwhiah tan9porb the web W to and finm the beft press sysftm 18, from the twin wire fbmer 2ISa/8D. and to the Yankee cylinder 18 tor flnal drying. After being tranafen+ad from ttas twin wire tormer. the web W lies In the three-dimensiottai atructuro of the upper iabrlc 4, and therefore tt Is not flat but has also a three-dimensional struoturo. whioh produces a high bulky web. Th lower fabrla 7 Is also permeabie. The deaipn of the iawer fabric 7 Is made to be capable of atoring w fier. The lawerfabric 7 can alsa have a amoofh surFaoe. The lomerfabricb 7 can preierabty be a felt with a batt layer. The dianeftr of th bdtt fib m of the lowar fabric 7 are equal to or less than approximately 1I dfisx and can pretenably be equal to or lcmw than approxlmately 4.2 dtex, or more prsterabiy be equal to or lesa than approxima#ely 3.3 dtex. The batt fibers can elso be a blend oFfibers. The lower fabrio 7 can aiso contain a vootar layer which contalrn iibers from appmximafiely 07 dfiex. and con aisa contaln even oourser iibera such as, e.g., epproximateiy 100 dtex, sppraxlmafely 140 dteoc, or eert higher dtex numbers. This Is important fbr the good ab~orptian of water. The wetbed surfac ot the batt layer of the kmwerf abric 7 iand/or of the lawerfabrio itselr con be equal to or gmaier than approxlm0tely 36 m?Jmz felt ema, and can pnefergbly be equal to or greater than appmximately 65 nit/eielt area, and can moet pn3i+eratbiy be equal to orgnaAer than epproximatoly 100 maAr? felt ares. The specific suTFaee of the lawer fabMc 7 oan be equal to or gmater then approximatgiy 0.04 mglg feit weight, and can preferably be equal to or .
V2973s.so1 greater th.an epprovdmately 0.065 relg felt weiglrt, and oan most preferably be equal to or greater than approxirnatefy 0.076 m=!g felt weigtrt. This Is aleo 6mportent for the good absorption of waber. The dynamic stlRhesa FC' [Nhrim] as a vahse for the compressibft oap be aoc ptable if less than or equa( to 100,000 Nlmm, pref erabla compreaslbflity Is bSs than or equat to 90,000 Nlrnm, and most preftrabfy the oompreasibitiiy in less than or equai to 70,000 Whnm. The compr+essibMty (thioisness change by iorce In mm/N) of the lower fetbrla 7 should be considered. This Is fmportant In order to dewaterfihe web afnctently to a hi9h dqness level. A hard surfsoa would not prees the web W betywsen the prominent .,points of the struetunxl surFaoe crf'rhe upperfabrte 4. On the other hand.
the felt should not be pressed to deep inGo the three-dknenabnal s4vdure to avaid tosing bulk and tlhera0ore qualtly, e.g., water holding capacity.
100513 Also byway of non-iimiting example, the permeable belt 12 can be a single or muffl-l"r woven fabric which can vd#hstand the high running tenaions, high preseures, heat, mofsture'cortcentra#ons and achieve a high level of water removal requinxd by tt*
papermaking process. The fabric 12 sNuid preferably have a high width atabtUty, be able to opepMs at high running tenstona, e.g.. bet,ween approodmetely 20 kNlm and approximabely 100 IdVlm,.and pteferably greater than or equal to approxlmatiety 20 tdWrn and bss than or equat fio appreximately 60 kN/m. The fabric 12 sho4ld pnrferably also haive a suttable high permeability, and can be made of hydnaiysts and/or t mperature rssistanE mabertal. Tho permeable high'bension belt 12 forms pait of a't$nctwiah'stTudure which lndudes a structured beR4 and the dewatering belt 7. 1hsae belta 4 and 7, with the web W located there between, are subjected to prossur+e_in the pressing d_e_vice '18 which includes the high tenakm belt 12 arnarged over the rotating rdi S. In other embod(ments, the beR press 18 can be used In a devioe which uttlizes a st tic extended devuefiarinp nip Instead of the roteting roll 9.
FO6M Referring back to the figure, t!w nip tonned bythe beit pna;s 1 S and roli 9 can have an angle of wrap of between approximafiety 30 degreee and 150 degnaea, and preferably between approucimatety 50 degrees and approximatey 140 degr+mc. By wsy of I'l 1~"W,, h w non-ilmidng example, the nfp length aan be behmn appraodma#ey 800 mm and appnocimatey 2600 mm, and can preferably be between appraodmatel,y 1200 mrn and approximetely 1500 mm. Also, byway of non-AmttinB example. the diameler ot the suctton rol1418 ca rt be belvueen approxfmately 1000 rnm and approximabely 2500 mm or gneetsr, and can preferably be beiween applnodmalely 1400 mm and appn=imatey 1700 mm.
[006n To enable syftble dewatering, ft single or multilayer d labric 12 ahouid pr+elbrably henie a permeabiRty value of between appraxtnabey 100 aflm and appr=dmakWy 1200 ofin. and Is most probnably between appraodrnateiy 300 ofm and approxWrnatieiy 800 afm. The nip can also hsve an angle of vwrap that is prefemby bbbMeen 50 degreee and 130 dagroes. The single or muttt-layaned fabric or permeable belt 12 cqn also be an aly+eadyformod (i.e.. a pr+e joined or smmed belt) an endlsss woven belL
AibemablIvey, the beit 12 can be a woven beft that has Its ends jotned together via a pin-seam or can be instead be somed on the machine. 1U aingle or multi-layered fabric or permeable belt 12 can aiso pref+erably have a paper surface contact area of between approxdma#e1y 0,596 = and approxmately 90% when nct under pnenum or tenaion. The conAad surface olthe belt should not be alfiered by subJecing the belt to sanding or grinding. By way of non-limitinp ex mple, the beit 12 should have an open area of between approodnutsly 1.0g6 and approximately 86%. The sin0ie or multi-layered fabrio or permeable beft 12 oan also be a woiren belt having a paper surfaoe warp count of between=appnaxirneteiy 6 yanwom and apprexirnafiey 80 yanWom, and is preferAbly between aipprocimately e yams/om and approximately 20 yamslom, and is most prefarabiy betvueen approximately 10 yams/cm and approodmately 15 yams/om. Furthsrmore, the woven belt 12 can hes a paper surtgoe weft Qoun# of bctvueen appnoximaiely 6 yarnalpn and appnwinnat* 60 yams/om, and Is preferably between apprroodlnatieh- 5 yemekxn and approodma~eli- 20 ywns/an, and is most.
preferabiy between appnoxdmateiy S yamslcm and apprvximately 17 yams/cm.
[q06q Due to the high motsture and heat whlch can be genefated In the ATMOS
papermaidnA pmease, the woven singfe or muid-layrered fabric or petmeable belt 12 can be made of one or more ?-ydrolysis and/or heat r+esistgnt matarials. The one or more f 1r,w, ~ F
V29738.-SO1 hydrolysis resistant materials can preferabiy be a PET monofiiament and can ideaQy have an intrinsic viscosity value normaqy associated wiih dryer and TAD fabrics, l.e., fi the range of between 0.72 N and 1.0 IV. These materiais can aiso have a suitabie "stabitization pedcage" induding carboxyi end group equivalents etc, When considering hydrolysia resistanoe, one should consider the carboxyi snd group equWlents, as the acid groups cata" hydrolyafs, and res[duai DEG or di-ethyiene glycoi as this toc can irtcxense the rate of hydrolysis. These factors separate the resin whioh should be used from the typical PET bottie resin. For hydrolysis, it has been found that the oarboxyl equlvalent should be as iow es possible to begin with and shouiid.be less than 12. For DEG level, less tfian 0.75% should preferably be used. Even that this low " of carboxyl end groups, It is essential that an end capping agent be added. A carbodilmide shoyid be used during cxtrusion to ensure that at the end of the process there are no free carboxyl groups. There are several classes of chemicai that Qan be used to cap the end groups, suoh as epoxies.
ortlw-ester+s and isocyanates, but, In pracoce, monemeric and combinatiorre of monotneric with polymeric carbodiimindes are the best and most used. Pmferably, atl end groups aro capped by'an end oapping agent that may be seleGEed from the above-noted daases such that there are no free carboxyl enil groups.
10066] PPS can be used for the heat resis#ant materials. Other single polymer materfais such as PEN, PBT, PEEK and PA can also be used to improve properdes suoh as stabliity, cleaniiness and t'ife. Both single polymer yams as wieA as copolyrner yarns can ba used.
100681 The rnateriai used fior the high tension belt 12 may not necessariiy be made frorn monofiiamerrt, and can aiso be a multfilam4nt. lnciuding the core and sheath. Other ma#eriais such as non-piastic materials can also be used, e.g., tnetai mateftla.
[0057] The permeable belt 12 need not be made of a single matnrial and can also be made of two, three or more dtfferent materials, i.e.. the bett can be a composite bett (00M The permeable belt 12 can also be fomied with an external lwjer, coating, andlor treatment which is applied by deposition and/or which I. a polymeric material thot , i 6 V'29738,s01 can be crosa iinlced during ptocessinp. Pr+efer bly, the coating enhancos the fabrlo stabfiity. contamination resistance, drainage, wearabtiity, Improved heat andlor hydrolysis rasistance. lt Is also preferabiee ifthe ooating reducm fabric surfsace tension to mlde sheet release or to reduce drive loads. The treatment or coatjng can be appiied to lmpart and/or irnprove one or more of these properties.
100091 The perrneable belt 12 does not neosssarny require excellent ccntect anea.
i.e., one non-iimiting exemple of a well performing bett 12 In an ATMOS system comprises a contact area of less than 10%. ideally, the pemmable bett 12 has a syitabb pemwebl>fty and surface contact area. The materials and weave of the belt are less important than such considerationt3.
[0060] By way of non-iimitina exampie, #ha structured fabric 4 can be a structurod fabric of the type disclosed In e,g., = US Patent Applicafion No. (Attorney =Docket Number P29515, the disdosune of which is hereby Racpressly incorporated by, 'referenee in ita entirety). Byway of example, the atructured fabric 4 can have a paperweb facing side and can be guided over the support surfaoa of the roll 9 and can hcwe the foilowtng oheracteriatks; a permeabiiity value of between approximafieiy 100 cim and $ppno)dmateiy 1200 dm, a paper surface aontact an3a of bohmen approximately 696 and approximately 70% when not under pressurs and terlsion, and an open area of between approximately 10% and apprwdmatety 90%.
[0051] Also by way of non-Iimibing example, the atruc:tur+ed fabric4 can be a sirgle or multi-layered woven fabtic which can wihsftnd the high pressunas, heat, moisture concentratlons, and which can achieve a. high level of water_ removal-and._alao_mold or embasa the paper web required by the Voith A'1'MOS paper maidng process. The febric 4 should also have a width ietabiiity, a sui#sble high permeabiiity. The fabric 4 should also pnefenaby utpixe hydroysis andlor temperature resistant materiale.
E00621 The fabric 41s utillaed as part of a sandwich atructure which Includes at least two other betts and/or fabrice. These additional belts fndude a high tension belt 12 and a dewatering belt 7. The sandwich stnacture Is subjected to pressure and tension over an -t6-, ,~ I~, I I I Y X
V29T38.S01 extended nip fortne.d by a rotsting rop 9 or sta8a support surface. 'iThe exbended nip can have en an81e of wrap of between appr+oxlmafieiy 30 degrees and epproximatsiy de0naw, and Is pnsferably betwsen approximafiely 50 degnoea and epproxdnretsiy degnoes. The nip length can be beiween appnaximately 800 mm and approdmatey 2600' mm, and Is preferabiy between approximately 1200 mm and appmdmateiy 1500 mm.
The nip can be formed by a rvtatlng sudion rop having a diameter 'dhat is between approxlrnatpiy 1000 mm and approximftly 2500 mm, and Is preferribly between 8pproxinately 1400 mm and appnocimateiy 1700 nun.
[006M The structuned fabrk4 imparts a topographicai pa#tem into thes papersheetor web. To accomplish this, high pressune& are impartsd to the molding fabric 4 via a high tansion beR 12. -ThQ topography of the sheet pattern can be manipulated by varying the spectfioetione of #te moiding belt 4, i.e., by r+esuiating parametera suoh as, yam diamet r, yam shape, yam density, and yarrtl type. qifferenttopagraphicai patterns can be imperted in the aheet by different surface weaves. Sirnilariy. the intensity of the sheet psitiem oan be verwd by atbering the press.ure imparCed by the high tenobn belt 12 and by vmying the speci}ication of the moidln8 belt 4. Other factors which can influence the=nature and irttensity of the typographical patbam ot the sheet indude air tempen3htre, ah speed, mir pressure, balt dwell tirft In the exbended nip, and nip length.
10084a The foltowtng are non,flmiting - cheraderistks and/or properdes of the structured fabric 4: to enable suitsbhe dewetering, the single or mui8-layerad fabric should have a permeability value of between approximately 100 dm and approidmately 1200 ctm, and is preferabiy betuNeen appncxirnately 200 afrn and spproximately 900 cfm;
the fabria 4 which Is pett of a sandwich structyre wlth wo othen beft, e.p., a high tension belt 12 and a dewai,ering bet 7, Is subjecfied to premure and bansion om a rotattng or static aypport surface and. at an angiA of wrap of beimen approximately 30 degnoes and approxlmately 780 dagnms and preferabiy betmen appmdmately 50 de0nzea and appnacimately 130 degreas; the fabda 4 should have a paper surFace contsct area of betvreen approxmatvly 5% and approximateiy 70% when not under pressure ortension; the forming fabric should -i?-, ~,, V29'/38.S01 have an open area of between appro)dmately 10% and approxlmafieiy 5096, [0066] The fabric 4 Is preferably a wrnren fabrlc that can be instatied on an ATMOS
machine as a pre-joined andloriseamed continuous and/orendiess beit.
Attemativeiy, the fortning fabrio 4 can pe joined In the ATMOS machine using e.g., a p!n-seam arrangement or can othervvise be seamed on the machine. In order to resist the high moisture and h4at genetabed by the ATMOS peperrnakine process, the woven single or muiti-layered belt 4 mey utiiize either hydrolysis and/or heat resistant maberiais. Hydrolysis r+eaistant rnsberiala shoyid preferably Include a PET monofilamept having an intrinsic visc:psity value normally associated with dryer and TAD fabrios In the range of between 0.72 IV and approximatiety 1.0 IV and also have a suitable "stabilization package" which inotuding carboxyl end group equivalents, as the acid groups catalyze hydroiysis and residual DEG or di-$thyiene glycol .as this too can increase the rate of hydroiysis. These two factors separate the resin which can be used from the'typicai PET bottks nssin. For hydroiysis, it hm been found that the carpoxyi equivatent should be as low ais possible to begin with, and should be less than approxlmatey 12. The DEO level shouid be less than approximateiy 0.75%. Even at this low level of'carboxyl end groups it Is essential that an end oapping agent be added, and should utilize 0 carbodiimide during extrusion to ensurethet atthe end ofthe proceas there are no free oarbowcyl groups. There are several clasaes of chemical than can be used to cap the end groups such as epoxies, ortho-esfiers, and isocyanates, but In practioe monomeric and combinations of monomeric with polymeric carbod"mindes are the best +and most used.
[0066] Heat resistant materials such as PPS can be ufilized In the structuned fabric 4. Other materials such as PEN, PBT, PEEK and PA can also be used to knprove properties of the fabric 4 such as stabitity, cieanliness and life. Both isingie poiymeryams and copolymer yams can be used. The material tor the belt 4 n ed not necessariy be made ifrom monofiiament and can be a muiti-filament, core and sheath. and oouid also be a non-plaotic matedat. I.e., a metallic mateiial. Similarly, the fabric 4 may not necessanly be made of a single material and can be made of two. three or more dffFerent materiaia.
-18.
I I II IG. 4.1 vz9r3s.Soi The use of shaped yarns, Le., non-ciraaler yarns, oan also be ub'liied to enhance or control the topography or properiles of the paper sheet Shaped yams can aisa be ufiilized to improve or control fabric characterMcs or proper4 s aucil ms stabit'ity, cafiper, surfece aontact area, surFace plonerity, permeabilily and wearebllRy.
LOo6Tj The structured fabric 4 can also be treated and/or coated wM an additional potymeric matefti that is applied by e.g., deposition. The materiai can be added onous- =
Anked during procQasing In order to enhance tabrb atebpity, oontaminetion resistance, drainage, wearabliity, Improve heat and/or hydroiysis nesiatance and in order to reduce fabric surÃaoe tension. This a'Ids in sheet release and/or roduoe. dtlve loads. The.
tn:atment/costing can be applied to innparttmprove one or seveml of these properties of the fabrlo4. As indicated previousy, the topographical patbern In the paperviab W can be changed and manipulated by use of different aingle and mutti-laiyer weaves.
Furthor enhancement of the patterrm can be furEher atteined by ad)ustrnenls to the spociftc fabric weave by changes to the yam dismeter, yam counts, yam types, . yam shapes, pennesbilKy, caflper and the addition of atvatrmt or coogng etc. Finally, one or more surEaoes of the fabric or molding belt 4 can be subjected to sanding andlor abrading In order to enhance surface,charaoterlaft.
LpgBBj . It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided me=ely for the purpose of explanation and are In no way to be construed as iimhing of the pnesent lnvention. While the present lrrnrention has been deson'I?ed with referencs to examplery embodiments, It Is understood that the words that have been used ars vinorda of description and illuahatjon. ratherthan vuorda of limitiation. Changes may be made, wlihin the punllew of the appended claims, as presently ateted and as amended, without deparHng fhorn the scope and spirit of the present invention in ft aspeotis. Aithough the invention has been desoribed herein with reference to pardcular arraneements, materials and embodimsnta, the invention is not Intended to be limfbed to the perticulara disdosed herein. lnsbead, the Invention extends to all funaUonally equivalent structures, methoc[a and uses, suoh as are vftin the saope af the appended olairrrs.
,
Claims (35)
1. A dewatering system for dewatering a web, the system comprising:
a former, a belt press; and a structured fabric comprising a paper web facing side and being guided over a support surface and through the belt press, 'wherein the structured fabric runs at a slower speed than the former.
a former, a belt press; and a structured fabric comprising a paper web facing side and being guided over a support surface and through the belt press, 'wherein the structured fabric runs at a slower speed than the former.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured fabric comprising a permeability value of between approximately 100 cfm and approximately 1200 cfm, a paper surface contact area of between approximately 5% and approximately 70% when not under pressure and tension, and an open area of between approximately 10% and approximately 90%.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the belt press is arranged on an ATMOS
system.
system.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one surface of the structured fabric comprises at least one of an abraded surface and a sanded surface.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured fabric comprises one of:
a single material;
a monofilament material;
a multifilament material; and two or more different materials.
a single material;
a monofilament material;
a multifilament material; and two or more different materials.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured fabric is resistant to at least one of hydrolysis and temperatures which exceed 100 degrees C.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the support surface is static.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the support surface is arranged on a roll.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the roll is a vacuum roll having a diameter of between approximately 1000 mm and approximately 2500 mm.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the vacuum roll has a diameter of between approximately 1400 mm and approximately 1700 mm.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the belt press form an extended nip with the support surface.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the extended nip has an angle of wrap of between approximately 30 degrees and approximately 180 degrees.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the angle of wrap 1s between approximately degrees and approximately 130 degrees.
14. The system of claim 11, wherein the extended nip has a nip length of between approximately 800 mm and approximately 2500 mm.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the nip length Is between approximately mm and approximately 1500 mm.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured fabric is an endless belt that is at least one of pre-seamed and has its ends joined on a machine which utilizes the belt press.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the structured fabric is structured and arranged to impart a topographical pattern to a web.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the web comprises at least one of a tissue web, a hygiene web, and a towel web.
19. A method of subjecting a fibrous web to pressing in a paper machine using the system of claim 1, the method comprising:
forming the fibrous web in the former, and applying pressure to the structured fabric and the fibrous web in the belt press.
forming the fibrous web in the former, and applying pressure to the structured fabric and the fibrous web in the belt press.
20. The system of claim 1, further comprising a dewatering fabric.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the dewatering fabric comprises a caliper of between approximately 0.1 mm and approximately 15 mm, a permeability value of between approximately 1 cfm and approximately 500 cfm, an overall density of between approximately 0.2 g/cm3 and approximately 1.10 g/cm3, and a weight of between approximately 360 g/m2 and approximately 3000 g/m2.
22. The system of claim 1, wherein the belt press comprises a permeable belt.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the permeable belt comprises a tension of between approximately 20 kN/m and approximately 100 KN/m, a permeability value of between approximately 100 cfm and approximately 1200 cfm, a surface contact area of the paper web side that is between approximately 0.5% and approximately 90% when not under tension and an open area of between approximately 1.0% and approximately 85%.
24. The system of claim 1, wherein a speed differential between the structured fabric and a wire of the former Is between approximately 5% and approximately 30%.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the speed differential is between approximately 10% and approximately 20%.
26. The system of claim 1, wherein the former is at least one of:
a twin wire former, a Fourdrinier machine;
a machine which forms the web and transfers the web to the structured fabric;
and a machine which transfers the web to the structured fabric utilizing a pick-up device.
a twin wire former, a Fourdrinier machine;
a machine which forms the web and transfers the web to the structured fabric;
and a machine which transfers the web to the structured fabric utilizing a pick-up device.
27. A dewatering system for dewatering a web, the system comprising:
a twin wire former comprising an outer belt and an inner belt;
a belt press arranged downstream of the twin wire former; and a structured fabric arranged to support the web after the web is transformed from the inner belt, wherein the structured fabric and the inner wire of the twin wire former run at different speeds.
a twin wire former comprising an outer belt and an inner belt;
a belt press arranged downstream of the twin wire former; and a structured fabric arranged to support the web after the web is transformed from the inner belt, wherein the structured fabric and the inner wire of the twin wire former run at different speeds.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein a speed differential between the structured fabric and the inner wire is between approximately 5% and approximately 30%.
29. The system of claim 28, wherein the speed differential is between approximately 10% and approximately 20%.
30. A method of subjecting a fibrous web to pressing in a paper machine using the system of claim 27, the method comprising:
forming the fibrous web in the twin wire former; and applying pressure to the structured fabric and the fibrous web in the belt press.
forming the fibrous web in the twin wire former; and applying pressure to the structured fabric and the fibrous web in the belt press.
31. A dewatering system for dewatering a web; the system comprising:
a twin wire former comprising an outer belt, an inner belt, and a forming roll;
a belt press arranged downstream of the twin wire former;
a structured fabric having a web facing side and being arranged to support the web after the web is transferred from the inner belt; and a dewatering belt having a web facing side and passing through the belt press, wherein the structured fabric runs at a slower speed then the inner wire of the twin wire former.
a twin wire former comprising an outer belt, an inner belt, and a forming roll;
a belt press arranged downstream of the twin wire former;
a structured fabric having a web facing side and being arranged to support the web after the web is transferred from the inner belt; and a dewatering belt having a web facing side and passing through the belt press, wherein the structured fabric runs at a slower speed then the inner wire of the twin wire former.
32. The system of claim 31, wherein a speed differential between the structured fabric and the inner wire is between approximately 5% and approximately 30%.
33. The system of claim 32, wherein the speed differential is between approximately 10% and approximately 20%.
34. The system of claim 31, wherein the web is subjected to drying in the belt press by utilizing air flow through the structured fabric, then through the web, and then through the dewatering belt.
35. A method of subjecting fibrous web to pressing in a paper machine using the system of claim 31, the method comprising:
forming the fibrous web in the twin wire former; and applying pressure to the structured fabric and the fibrous web in the belt press.
forming the fibrous web in the twin wire former; and applying pressure to the structured fabric and the fibrous web in the belt press.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US79188506P | 2006-04-14 | 2006-04-14 | |
| US60/791,885 | 2006-04-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2584875A1 true CA2584875A1 (en) | 2007-10-14 |
Family
ID=38329678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002584875A Abandoned CA2584875A1 (en) | 2006-04-14 | 2007-04-13 | Twin wire former for an atmos system |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7744726B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1845187A3 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0701441A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2584875A1 (en) |
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-
2007
- 2007-04-05 EP EP07105721A patent/EP1845187A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-04-13 BR BRPI0701441-4A patent/BRPI0701441A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-04-13 US US11/735,211 patent/US7744726B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-04-13 CA CA002584875A patent/CA2584875A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1845187A2 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| EP1845187A3 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
| US7744726B2 (en) | 2010-06-29 |
| US20070240842A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
| BRPI0701441A (en) | 2007-12-11 |
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| Pikulik | 1.1 Approach Flow System The forming process is preceded by an approach flow system that receives the aqueous fiber suspension, or stock, and prepares it for the forming process. Fibres are produced using kraft process or other pulping/bleaching processes (see Bleaching of wood pulps) and the proportions of fibers from different sources are blended here. Drained water from the forming process, known as whitewater, contains useful fibrous material and is continuously recycled back into the stock. Screens and centrifugal cleaners in the approach flow system remove oversize and heavy contaminants from the pulp. Additives such as minerals, pigments and dyes are introduced to make particular grades of paper and paper board. Air bubbles may be removed from the pulp suspension. The mass concentration, or consistency, of the suspension is kept low to prevent fibre flocculation prior to forming and is usually adjusted to a value in the range of 0.5 to 1.5%. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20140415 |