CA2614064C - Activatable optical layer - Google Patents

Activatable optical layer Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2614064C
CA2614064C CA2614064A CA2614064A CA2614064C CA 2614064 C CA2614064 C CA 2614064C CA 2614064 A CA2614064 A CA 2614064A CA 2614064 A CA2614064 A CA 2614064A CA 2614064 C CA2614064 C CA 2614064C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
layer
multilayer body
layer system
electrode layer
lower electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CA2614064A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2614064A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Ludwig
Wolfgang Clemens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG
PolyIC GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG
PolyIC GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG, PolyIC GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Leonhard Kurz Stiftung and Co KG
Publication of CA2614064A1 publication Critical patent/CA2614064A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2614064C publication Critical patent/CA2614064C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
    • G03H1/0256—Laminate comprising a hologram layer having specific functional layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/364—Liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on thermo-optic effects
    • B42D2033/26—
    • B42D2033/46—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
    • G03H1/0244—Surface relief holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
    • G03H2250/38—Liquid crystal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
    • G03H2260/12—Photopolymer

Abstract

A multilayer body (1) having an optically active first layer system (10) is described, in which case the first layer system (10) is an optically variable device (OVD), and the optical effect of the first layer system (10) can be influenced by an electrically controllable second layer system (20).

Description

Activatable optical layer The invention relates to a multilayer body having an optically active layer system.
Optically active layer systems are used, for example, for decorative or informative purposes, or in order to provide security documents with optical security features which on the one hand make it harder to forge them using modern color copiers and other reproduction systems, and on the other hand can easily and clearly be identified by lay persons.
For this purpose, it is known for security threads to be incorporated as security elements in valuable documents, with the arrangement being designed such that the thread is exposed in places on the surface, so that the optical security features which are incorporated in the thread, for example holograms or partial demetalizations, can be checked by the viewer.
Furthermore, EP 1 134 694 Al discloses an electronic circuit composed of organic semiconductor material being printed on a sheet or a strip of paper, and being connected via a conductor track to a metal strip of a treasury bill. The electronic circuit is in this case not based on electronic components formed from conventional semiconductor materials but on organic field-effect transistors using polymer semiconductor technology. The metal strip is in this case used as an antenna via which it is possible to communicate between the semiconductor circuit and an appropriate evaluation circuit. The electronic circuit can therefore be used to identify forgeries while also allowing the document to be located.
- 2 -The invention is now based on the object of specifying a multilayer body having a better visual appearance.
The object of the invention is achieved by a multilayer body having an optically active first layer system, with the first layer system being an optically variable device (OVD) and in which case the optical effect of the first layer system can be influenced by an electrically controllable second layer system.
A multilayer body such as this can be designed to be thin and flexible, thus resulting in particular advantages for its use and its production. For example, the multilayer body may be produced at low cost as a film body using a roll-to-roll process, and is therefore suitable for mass production.
The multilayer body according to the invention can be used not only as a novel security element for valuable documents, security documents and for goods protection, but also for decorative purposes or product advertising. Furthermore, the multilayer body can be used in displays, in RFID tags and as a status indication in electrical appliances.
Despite the fact that the multilayer body may be thin, it may be in the form of a large-area film body, for example applied to packages, windows or building surfaces.
Further advantageous refinements are specified in the dependent claims.
The second layer system is advantageously arranged above the first layer system.
In addition, the optical characteristic of the second layer system, in particular its optical density and/or
- 3 -its light scattering and/or its color, may be controllable.
In one advantageous refinement, the second layer system has an upper and a lower electrode layer, between which one or more layers is or are arranged. The layers are preferably layers whose optical characteristics can be varied by application of a voltage between the electrode layers.
The upper electrode layer and/or the lower electrode layer may be composed of polyethylene dioxythiopene (PBDOT)/PSS or PANI.
It is also possible to provide for the upper electrode layer and/or the lower electrode layer to be an ITO
(indium tin oxide) layer. Layers such as these are transparent, conductive layers.
The upper electrode may also be composed of a very thin translucent metal layer. The metal layer may have a thickness of 0.5 to 30 nanometers, typically a thickness of 5 nanometers and may be composed of gold, silver, chromium, copper or aluminum.
In a further refinement, the second layer system has a layer which is arranged between the upper and the lower electrode layer and has a multiplicity of liquid-crystal bubbles with a diameter of 0.1 um to 40 um, which are bonded in a polymer matrix. By way of example, the polymer matrix may be composed of monomers with a layer thickness of 5 um to 40 um, polymerized by way of example by UV radiation. By way of example, this may be the product PN 393 from the Nematel Company. The liquid-crystal bubbles have liquid crystals aligned randomly, in an unorganized form. They therefore scatter incident light so that layers arranged under the layer cannot be perceived or cannot be imaged
- 4 -sharply. The liquid crystals are aligned in an electrical field which is formed between the upper and the lower electrode layer when the electrode layers are connected to the poles of an electrical voltage source.
The voltage source may be either a DC voltage source or an AC voltage source. It is also possible to use electrochemical voltage sources, electrical tuned circuits, which are located in an electromagnetic field and whose signal is processed using an electronic circuit to an appropriate signal frequency, for example 100 Hz, or to use solar cells as the voltage source for the multilayer body according to the invention.
In a further advantageous refinement, the second layer system has a liquid-crystal-layer, which is arranged between the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer and at least one polarizer layer. For example, two polarizer layers can be provided, with their polarization planes crossed over at 90 . It is also possible for the liquid-crystal-layer to have cholesteric liquid crystals. The liquid crystals rotate the polarization direction of the light through 90 .
This results in the polarized light being able to pass through the lower polarization layer. The second layer system therefore appears transparent, and provides a free view of the first layer system. When an electrical field is formed between the two electrode layers, the second layer system appears dark and blocks the view of the first layer system arranged underneath it.
In addition, it is possible to provide for the second layer system to have an electrolyte layer which is arranged between the upper and the lower electrode layer, and for the upper electrode layer to be an electrochromic layer, for example composed of an electrically conductive organic material such as
- 5 -PEDOT/PSS, or polyaniline (PANI). A redox reaction, which can be controlled by the current direction in the electrolyte layer, makes it possible to change the color of an electrochromic layer composed of PEDOT/PSS
from pale blue to dark blue. If the electrochromic layer is composed of PANI, the color can be changed from greeny blue to bluey. The electrolyte layer may also contain metal ions, with the current direction in the electrolyte layer determining whether metal ions are transported from the electrolyte layer into the electrochromic electrode layer, or are moved away from it. If, for example, the metal ions are tungsten ions, the electrochromic electrode layer can be varied from dark blue to colorless.
Other electrochromic systems exist, for example those which react to a change in pH value. These can likewise be used.
If the first layer system has an upper electrically conductive layer, for example a metallic reflective layer, it is possible for the electrically conductive layer to form the lower electrode layer of the second layer system.
In a further advantageous refinement, the second layer system has a thermochromic layer and an electrical resistance layer.
It is also possible for at least one layer of the first layer system to form the electrical resistance layer of the second layer system.
The second layer system may be designed to have areas which reproduce image and/or alphanumeric information.
The areas may, for example, be in the form of letters which form an inscription which can be seen by electrical actuation of the second layer system. It may
- 6 -also be a barcode which can be seen only when the multilayer body is placed in an electrical field in a reader. A feature such as this cannot be forged by conventional reproduction processes. For example, in an application such as this, it is possible for the second layer system to have no electrode layers. In consequence, the second layer system can advantageously not be perceived during normal use of the object to which the multilayer body according to the invention has been applied.
It is also possible for the optical effect of the second layer system to be reversibly controllable.
In a further advantageous refinement, the optical change in the second layer system caused by an electrical voltage remains after the electrical voltage is disconnected. For this purpose, the liquid crystals may be ferroelectric liquid crystals. Ferroelectric liquid crystals allow the effect of the electrical field to be stored for a relatively long time, for example over weeks, and they can be reset by an electrical pulse. By way of example, this makes it possible to use a multilayer body with ferroelectric liquid crystals as a data memory for a due date. The due date may be visible once a notice period has elapsed, because the ferroelectric liquid crystals return to their initial position, and the second structure layer is transparent again. It is advantageously possible for a multilayer body such as this not to have any electrodes, so that the electrical field which is required to align the ferroelectric liquid crystals can be formed only in apparatuses intended for this purpose.
In this case the expression an electrically controllable layer system means any layer system in which at least one parameter of its optical effect is
- 7 -changed by application of an electrical voltage. This is a change in the material characteristic which is governed by an electrical variable.
The invention provides for the first layer system to have a replication layer and an optical isolation layer or a reflective layer and for a diffractive relief structure to be formed in the replication layer which, in particular, forms a diffraction grating and/or a hologram or Kinegram or Trustseal or comparable system.
Furthermore, the first layer system may be a thin-film layer system in order to produce color-shift effects, which are dependent on the viewing angle, by means of interference.
Layers which produce color changes have a thickness d = A/4 or d = A/2, where A is the wavelength of the incident light.
It is also possible to form the thin-film layer system from a sequence of high-diffractive-index and low-diffractive-index layers. Layers such as these are also referred to as HRI (high refractive index) layers and LRI (low refractive index) layers, respectively.
The greater the number of layers that are chosen, the more sharply the wavelength of the color change effect can be set. In this case, it is particularly advantageous for a thin-film layer system such as this to be formed from two to ten layers (even-number variants) or three to nine layers (odd-number variants).
The first layer system may also be a layer system which has a cholesteric liquid-crystal-layer and an absorption layer. A layer system such as this has a color shift effect which is dependent on the viewing
- 8 -angle, in a similar manner to that of a thin-film layer system.
Systems are also feasible which require only one electrode plane. By way of example, this may be a heating element for a thermochromic layer or a layer system as described above with cholesteric liquid crystals which can be actuated in that plane. The layer arranged under the liquid crystals may have projections at a distance from one another and with a width of about 20 lam and a height of 20 um to 100 pm, arranged at a distance of less than 100 um. An OVD as described above may be formed between the projections and optically appears as an entity, because of the small dimensions of the projections. The electrodes which are formed on the projections form areas in the form of strips, which are connected alternately and switchably to the poles of a voltage source. The electrical field formed between the areas therefore runs within the liquid-crystal layer, and not at right angles to the liquid-crystal layer.
It is also possible for the projections to be arranged like a chequerboard and/or for the first and/or the second layer system to be appropriately structured, and for the connecting lines to be in the form of a matrix so that each electrode area can be actuated in rows and columns.
It is also possible to actuate the liquid crystals located between an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer (which is structured like a chequerboard) at specific points. It is therefore possible for liquid crystals which are arranged over actuated areas of the lower electrode layer to be aligned in the electrical field, and for liquid crystals which are arranged over unactuated areas of the lower electrode layer to retain the unorganized
- 9 -alignment. The actuated or the unactuated areas may in this way form a pattern, for example representing an image, a logo or one or more alphanumeric characters.
The areas which are electrically isolated from one another may be actuated alternately, so that the sub-areas successively change their optical appearance.
In a further refinement, the multilayer body has drive electronics, which are preferably organic drive electronics.
It is also possible for the multilayer body to have one or more sensors and/or RFID circuits and/or displays and/or switches and/or voltage sources.
The two embodiments mentioned above provide a rough outline of the field of application of the multilayer body according to the invention, although this does not restrict further applications.
It is also possible for the multilayer body to be designed to be flexible and/or to have a flexible, transparent carrier film. A flexible multilayer body can advantageously also be applied to curved surfaces.
It has particularly good resistance to bending loads, such as those which can occur on thin carrier substrates, for example packages, treasury bills or documents.
In particular, flexible multilayer bodies can be produced at low cost as mass-produced items on installations which are intended for a roll-to-roll process. In this case, additional assemblies, such as RFID tags, solar cells, batteries, storage devices, integrated circuits, film switches and sensors can easily be integrated in the multilayer body.
- 10 -The invention will be explained in the following text using, by way of example, a number of exemplary embodiments and with the assistance of the attached drawings, in which:
Figures la and lb show a first exemplary embodiment of a multilayer body according to the invention in the form of a schematic section illustration;
Figures 2a and 2b show a second exemplary embodiment of a multilayer body according to the invention in the form of a schematic section illustration;
Figures 3a and 3b show a third exemplary embodiment of a multilayer body according to the invention in the form of a schematic section illustration;
Figures 4a and 4b show a fourth exemplary embodiment of a multilayer body according to the invention in the form of a schematic section illustration;
Figures 5a and 5b show a fifth exemplary embodiment of a multilayer body according to the invention in the form of a schematic section illustration;
Figures 6a to 7b show one application example of a multilayer body according to the invention.
Figures la and lb show a schematic section illustration of a multilayer body 1 with an optically variable layer system 10 and a controllable layer system 20.
The layer system 10 is an optically variable device (OVD) with a structure layer 12 in which a diffraction grating 12b is formed. The structure layer 12 may, for example, be formed from a thermoplastic replication varnish with a layer thickness of a few 1.1m, in which the diffraction grating 12b has been impressed ak 02614064 2008-01-02
- 11 -with the aid of a heated replication roller. The structure layer 12 is covered with a metallic reflective layer 14 which, for example, is composed of aluminum, silver, chromium, copper or gold.
The controllable layer system 20 has a carrier layer 22 which is arranged on the metallic layer 14. The carrier layer 22 is a polymer matrix in which a multiplicity of liquid-crystal bubbles 22f are embedded. The liquid-crystal bubbles have a diameter of 0.1 pm to 15 pm. The polymer matrix is composed of PN393, which can be applied with a layer thickness from 5 pm to 40 pm. The layer thickness is preferably 10 pm.
A transparent protective layer 26 is arranged on the carrier layer 22 and has an electrode layer 24 on its lower face. In this exemplary embodiment, the layers 26 and 24 are transparent, conductively coated Orgakonm film from Agfa, with the electrode layer 24 being a transparent conductive polymer. This is PEDOT/PSS, which may have a layer thickness from 50 nanometers to 500 nanometers. The layer thickness is preferably 200 nanometers. The electrode layer 24 may also be a transparent metallic layer.
An electrical field, in which the liquid crystals contained in the liquid-crystal bubbles 22f can be aligned, can be formed by application of an electrical voltage between the electrode layer 24 and the metallic reflective layer 14. In Figures la and lb, the liquid crystals are symbolized by short lines. In this exemplary embodiment, the metallic reflective layer 14 is therefore at the same time an electrode layer for the electrically controllable layer system 20. It is therefore a multiple-function layer.
The electrical voltage for controlling the layer system 20 is produced by an electrical voltage source 30 which
- 12 -is electrically conductively connected to the layers 14 and 24 by means of connecting lines 34 and 34' and a switch 32. The connecting lines 34, 34', which are illustrated symbolically in Figures la and lb, may be conductor tracks which are formed by continuing the electrically conductive layers 14 and 24. However, there may also be metallic conductor tracks which make electrical contact with the layers 14 and 24 and, for example, are vapor-deposited.
Figure la shows the multilayer body 1 with the switch 32 open. The liquid crystals arranged in the liquid-crystal bubbles 22f assume an unorganized random position, so that light striking the multilayer body 1 is reflected diffusely, as a result of which the first layer system 10 cannot be seen, or can be seen only insignificantly, and cannot produce an optical effect.
Figure lb now shows the multilayer body 1 with the switch 32 closed. An electrical field is now formed between the layers 14 and 24, with its field lines aligned at right angles to the surface of the layers 14 and 24, so that the liquid crystals arranged in the liquid-crystal bubbles 22f now assume an organized position, aligned parallel to the electrical field lines. Because of their small diameter of a few nanometers, light which is incident on the multilayer body 1 can now virtually entirely strike the surface of the structure layer 12 covered with the reflective layer 14, so that the first layer system 10 can develop its optical effect, as an OVD.
The polarity of the electrical voltage source 30 is irrelevant to the principle of operation of the alignment of the liquid crystals with the electrical field lines, on which the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figures la and lb is based. The electrical voltage source 30 may therefore be either
- 13 -a DC voltage source or an AC voltage source. The voltage emitted from the voltage source 30 is essentially of importance to the formation of the electrical field that is suitable for alignment of the liquid crystals. A voltage of approximately 20 V is provided in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figures la and lb.
In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figures la and lb, the voltage source 30 can be switched on and off by means of the switch 32. However, it is also possible to dispense with the switch 32 and for the voltage source 30 to be in the form of a tuned circuit in which an external electromagnetic field induces an AC voltage which, if required, is also converted to a DC voltage by means of a rectifier. This DC voltage can be converted back to an AC voltage in the particularly advantageous frequency range around 100 Hz by means of suitable electronics, for example a ring oscillator. A capacitor may also be provided which, when driven with DC voltage, also produces this DC
voltage for a certain time after the electromagnetic field has been switched off. If, for example, the multilayer body forms a so-called RFID tag, that is to say a circuit arrangement for radio-frequency-assisted identification of objects, the elements mentioned above may be components of an RFID tag such as this. The RFID
tag may advantageously be an organic film circuit.
Figures 2a and 2b now show a multilayer body l' which does not have a second electrode layer (see the electrode layer 24 in Figures la and lb). In fact, the structure layer 12 now has a relief structure which has projections with a width of about 20 lam and a height of 20 um to 100 um, which are arranged at a distance of less than 100 um. The diffraction gratings 12b are formed in the structure layer between the projections, and are also illustrated in Figures la and lb. The
- 14 -metallic reflective layer 14 now forms areas which are arranged on the projections, are in the form of strips and are alternately connected to the connecting lines 34 and 34', so that the areas of the reflective layer 14 which are in the form of strips are alternately connected to the positive pole or negative pole of the voltage source 30 when the switch 32 is closed (see Figure 2b). The electrical field formed between the areas therefore runs within the carrier layer 22 and not, as in the case of the first exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figures la and lb, at right angles to the carrier layer 22. However, the liquid crystals that are located in the liquid-crystal bubbles 22f are aligned analogously to Figure lb in the electrical field when the switch 32 is closed, as illustrated in Figure 2b.
It is also possible to arrange the projections like a chequerboard in the structure layer 12 and for the connecting lines to be in the form of a matrix so that each area of the reflective layer 14 can be actuated in rows and columns. A further exemplary embodiment, which is not illustrated, can additionally provide an electrode layer 24, as illustrated in Figures la and lb, so that, with the aid of the reflective layer 14 which is structured like a chequerboard, the liquid crystals which are arranged above actuated areas of the reflective layer 14 are aligned in the electrical field, and the liquid crystals which are arranged above unactuated areas of the reflective layer 14 retain the unorganized alignment. The actuated areas or the unactuated areas may in this way form a pattern, for example representing a logo or one or more alphanumeric characters.
Figures 3a and 3b now show a multilayer body 2 which differs from the multilayer body I illustrated in Figures la and lb only by the formation of the
- 15 -controllable layer system. A controllable layer system 40 has a liquid-crystal-layer 42 in which liquid crystals 42f are embedded and make it possible to rotate the polarization plane of polarized light.
The upper face of the liquid-crystal-layer 42 is covered by an upper polarizer layer 46o, and the lower face of the liquid-crystal-layer is covered by a lower polarizer layer 46u. The polarization directions of the polarizer layers 46o and 46u are crossed over at 90 .
Incident light is therefore polarized before it enters the liquid-crystal-layer. The liquid crystals now rotate the polarization plane of the polarized light through 90 . In consequence, the polarized light can pass through the lower polarization layer 46u, and is reflected on the reflective layer 14 of the layer system 10. The reflected light is now once again rotated by the liquid crystals 42f which are arranged in stacks, and emerges from the upper polarizer layer 46o. The layer system 40 therefore appears to be transparent, and provides a free view of the layer system 10, which is in the form of OVD.
The transparent protective layer 26 is arranged on the upper polarization layer 46o, and has the electrode layer 24 on its lower face. As already stated above, the layers 26 and 24 are, for example, composed of a transparent, conductively coated OrgakonTM film. The electrode layer 24 is connected to the voltage source 30 via the connecting line 34' and the switch 32. The other pole of the voltage source 30 is connected to the metallic layer 14 by the connecting line 34. This allows an electrical field to be formed between the layers 14 and 24 by closing the switch 32, thus moving the liquid crystals 42f to a position such that the light which has been polarized by the upper polarization layer 46o can no longer pass through the lower polarization layer 46u. This state of the
- 16 -multilayer body 2 is illustrated in Figure 2b, in which it is no longer possible to observe the optical effect formed by the layer system 10.
It is also possible to provide for the upper polarization layer 46o and the lower polarization layer 46u to be arranged with the same polarization direction, so that the electrically controllable layer system 20 appears to be opaque when the voltage is switched off, and appears to be transparent when the voltage is switched on.
Furthermore, ferroelectric liquid crystals may be provided for the liquid-crystal-layer 42f.
Ferroelectric liquid crystals have the characteristic of storing electrical fields so that the switching state of a liquid-crystal-layer formed by ferroelectric liquid crystals is also maintained for a relatively long time after the voltage has been switched off. This liquid-crystal-layer can be reset by a switching pulse.
Figures 4a and 4b now show a multilayer body 3 in which an electrically controllable layer system 50 is arranged on the optically variable layer system 10, is formed from an electrolyte layer 52 and makes contact with two electrode layers. As in the exemplary embodiments described above, the lower electrode layer is formed by the reflective layer 14 in the layer system 10. An upper electrode layer 54 is formed from an electrochromic material, for example from PEDOT/PSS.
The upper electrode layer 54 is covered by the protective layer 26. The two electrode layers 14 and 54 are connected to the voltage source 30 by means of the connecting lines 34 and 34', which are connected to a switch 32u. In the third exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b, the voltage source 30 is a DC voltage source, whose polarity governs the optical state of the electrochromic electrode layer 54.
- 17 -In this case, an electric current whose current direction is governed by the position of the switch 32u flows through the electrolyte layer 52 and which current, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, transports metal ions from the electrolyte layer 52 into the electrochromic electrode layer 54, or removes them from it. If, for example, these are tungsten ions, the electrochromic electrode layer 54 may be changed from dark blue to colorless. As described further above, other embodiments are possible which are based on redox reactions, governed by the current direction, or on the change in the pH value of the electrolyte layer.
The switch 32u is a two-pole changeover switch, by means of which the current direction of the electric current flowing through the electrolyte layer 52 can be reversed. This allows the electrochromic electrode layer 54 to be changed from a first, colored, opaque state to a colorless, transparent state.
Figures 5a and 5b show a multilayer body 4 in which an electrically controllable layer system 60 is arranged on the optically variable layer system 10 and has a thermochromic layer 62. The thermochromic layer 62 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment is composed of TCX B-31 from the Coates Screen Company with a layer thickness of about 20 pm. The layer thickness may be between 0.5 and 100 pm. the thermochromic layer 62 is covered by the protective layer 26.
The metallic reflective layer 14 of the layer system 10 is connected to the voltage source 30 by means of the electrical connecting lines 34, 34' and the switch 32, and at the same time forms an electrical resistance layer for heating the thermochromic layer 62. As in the case of the previous exemplary embodiments, the reflective layer 14 is therefore a layer which can be
- 18 -functionally associated with both layer systems of the multilayer body. However, it is also possible to provide a separate resistance layer, particularly when the reflective layer 14 cannot be adequately electrically loaded. In a situation such as this, the resistance layer is transparent and, for example, is composed of ITo (indium tin oxide) or some other conductive material. By way of example, PEDOT/PSS or PANI may also be used for transparent resistance layers. The resistance layer may also be arranged under the structure layer 12 and, in this case, need not be transparent.
As can be seen in Figure 5a, the thermochromic layer 62 is not transparent when the switch 32 is open. If the switch 32 is now closed, as illustrated in Figure 5b, the reflective layer 14 is heated by the start of the current flow and, in consequence, the thermochromic layer 62 arranged on the reflective layer 14 is also heated and in this way becomes transparent. The optical effect formed by the optically variable layer system 10 can now be seen.
Figures 6a to 7b now show one exemplary embodiment of the multilayer body according to the invention.
Figure 6a shows a schematic section illustration of a multilayer body 5 designed in the same way as the multilayer body 1 illustrated in Figures la and lb. In this case, some of the layers from Figures la and lb are in each case combined.
A layer 52 with liquid-crystal bubbles bonded in a polymer matrix is provided with an upper electrode layer 54 and is arranged on an OVD layer system 56, which is illustrated in Figures la and lb and is formed from a replication layer and a metallic reflective layer. The reflective layer facing the OVD layer system
- 19 -at the same time forms the lower electrode layer for the layer 52.
Figures 6b now shows a schematic plan view of the multilayer body 5, whose electrode layers are connected to a voltage source 58 by means of connecting lines 581 and a switch 58s. The OVD layer system 56 has an inscription 56s, which cannot be seen significantly, or cannot be seen at all, because of the layer 52, which is opaque when no voltage is applied.
Figures 7a and 7b show the multilayer body 5 whose electrode layers are now connected to the voltage source 58, because the switch 58s is closed. The layer 52 is therefore a clear layer, so that the inscription 56s, which is arranged on the OVD layer system 56, can now clearly be read. Furthermore, the optical effect can now be seen and, for example, may be a color change which results when the multilayer body 5 is tilted. It is also possible for the inscription 56s to exhibit an optical effect that is dependent on the viewing angle, for example apparently changing its position.
The multilayer body according to the invention may have further layers, for example an adhesive layer, which is applied to the rear face of the optically variable layer system, or layers which form functional elements such as voltage sources, sensors or electronic circuits. The layers may preferably be formed from polymers, in particular also to form electronic circuits. However, the expression "organic" circuits should expressly also be understood as covering circuits and circuit arrangements which also have inorganic layers as well as organic layers, or only inorganic layers.
- 20 -The multilayer body according to the invention is also distinguished in that it can be formed to be thin and flexible, thus resulting in particular advantages for its application and its production. For example, the multilayer body may be produced as a film body using a roll-to-roll process at low cost, and is therefore suitable for mass production.
The multilayer body according to the invention may also have an inflexible carrier material, for example composed of glass or ceramic, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Furthermore, the multilayer body according to the invention may also be designed to irreversibly change its optical characteristics. For example, it is possible for the change to be caused by a brief overvoltage, and for the multilayer body to permanently signal that an overload has occurred. An effect such as this may be initiated, for example in the case of electrochromic layers, by an irreversible chemical process in the electrolyte layer.

Claims (23)

Claims
1. A multilayer body having an optically active first layer system and an electrically controllable second layer system, wherein the optical effect of the first layer system (10) can be influenced by the electrically controllable second layer system (20), the second layer system (20, 40, 50, 60) is arranged above the first layer system (10), the first layer system (10) has a metallic reflective layer (14) which forms a lower electrode layer of the second layer system (20, 40, 50), and the first layer system (10) is an optically variable device (OVD); and wherein the first layer system (10) comprises any one of:
a) a replication layer (12) and one of an optical isolation layer and a reflective layer (14), the replication layer in each case comprising a diffractive relief structure (12b) formed in the replication layer (12);
b) a thin film layer system for generating color effects by means of interference; and, c) a cholesteric liquid-crystal-layer and an absorption layer.
2. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the optical density or the light scatter or the color of the second layer system (20, 40, 50, 60) can be controllable electrically.
3. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second layer system (20, 40, 50) has an upper electrode layer (24, 54) and has one or more layers (24, 54) arranged between the upper and the lower electrode layer (14).
4. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that at least one of the upper electrode layer (24, 54) and the lower electrode layer (14) are/is composed of polyethylene dioxythiopene (PEDOT)/PSS or PANI.
5. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that at least one of the upper electrode layer (24, 54) and the lower electrode layer (14) are/is an ITO (indium tin oxide) layer.
6. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that at least one of the upper electrode layer (24, 54) and the lower electrode layer (14) are/is a metallic layer with a layer thickness of less than 10 nanometers.
7. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the second layer system (20, 40, 50) has a layer (22) which has a multiplicity of liquid-crystal bubbles (22f) which are bonded in a polymer matrix which is arranged between the upper electrode layer (24) and the lower electrode layer (14).
8. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the second layer system (20, 40, 50) has a liquid-crystal-layer (42), which is arranged between the upper electrode layer (24) and the lower electrode layer (14) and at least one polarizer layer (46o, 46u).
9. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the second layer system (20, 40, 50) has an electrolyte layer (52) which is arranged between the upper electrode layer (54) and the lower electrode layer (14), and in that the upper electrode layer (54) is an electrochromic layer, or in that the electrolyte layer is an electrochromic layer.
10. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the second layer system (60) has a thermochromic layer (62) and an electrical resistance layer, which is arranged above or below the thermochromic layer (62).
11. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that at least one layer of the first layer system (10) forms the electrical resistance layer of the second layer system (60).
12. The multilayer body as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the electrical resistance layer is arranged under the first layer system (10).
13. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the second layer system (20, 40, 50) has one electrode layer, which is in the form of a partial electrode layer with electrode areas arranged in the form of strips or a matrix.
14. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the first layer system (10) has areas which reproduce image or alphanumeric information.
15. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the optical effect of the second layer system (20, 40, 50, 60) is reversibly controllable.
16. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the optical effect of the second layer system (20, 40, 50, 60) is irreversibly controllable.
17. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the optical effect of the second layer system (20, 40, 50, 60) can be controlled in a bistable form.
18. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the first layer system (10) comprises a replication layer (12) and one of an optical isolation layer and a reflective layer (14) and the replication layer in each case comprising a diffractive relief structure (12b) formed in the replication layer (12).
19. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the first layer system (10) is a thin-film layer system for producing color effects by means of interference.
20. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the first layer system (10) has a cholesteric liquid-crystal-layer and an absorption layer.
21. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the multilayer body (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) has organic and/or inorganic drive electronics.
22. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the multilayer body (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) has one or more sensors, RFID circuits, displays, switches or voltage sources.
23. The multilayer body as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the multilayer body (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) is designed to be flexible or it has a flexible carrier film.
CA2614064A 2005-07-04 2006-07-04 Activatable optical layer Active CA2614064C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005031448A DE102005031448A1 (en) 2005-07-04 2005-07-04 Activatable optical layer
DE102005031.448.1 2005-07-04
PCT/EP2006/006472 WO2007003405A1 (en) 2005-07-04 2006-07-04 Multilayer body with electrically controllable optically active systems of layers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2614064A1 CA2614064A1 (en) 2007-01-11
CA2614064C true CA2614064C (en) 2016-02-02

Family

ID=36932719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2614064A Active CA2614064C (en) 2005-07-04 2006-07-04 Activatable optical layer

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US7940340B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1899901B8 (en)
JP (1) JP5425466B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101424820B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101258516B (en)
AU (1) AU2006265350B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2614064C (en)
DE (1) DE102005031448A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2560861T3 (en)
TW (1) TWI457634B (en)
WO (1) WO2007003405A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007009213A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Portable data carrier
EP1988514A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-05 Acreo AB Security document circuit
DE102007043407A1 (en) * 2007-09-12 2009-03-19 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Multilayer flexible film body
DE102007048102A1 (en) * 2007-10-06 2009-04-09 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg Security element for marking a security document and method for its production
DE102008020770B3 (en) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-29 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Security element with an electrically stimulable polarization-dependent volume hologram and method for its production
DE102008026216B4 (en) * 2008-05-30 2010-07-29 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Electronic switch
TWI401501B (en) * 2008-07-28 2013-07-11 Pixel Qi Corp Diffractive liquid crystal display
US20100112336A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-06 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Rfid for material identification with applications in manufacturing
DE102008044174A1 (en) 2008-11-28 2010-06-02 Deere & Company, Moline Operating system for a motor vehicle
WO2011112882A1 (en) 2010-03-12 2011-09-15 Battelle Memorial Institute Electrochromic device capable of controlling visible and infrared radiations
JP5405391B2 (en) * 2010-05-21 2014-02-05 日本メクトロン株式会社 Transparent flexible printed wiring board and manufacturing method thereof
US10011140B2 (en) * 2010-06-04 2018-07-03 Polyvalor, Limited Partnership Metameric security devices using an active material
FR2964596B1 (en) 2010-09-10 2013-08-30 Commissariat Energie Atomique AUTHENTICABLE OBJECT CONTAINING A CACHE HAVING AN AUTHENTICATING PATTERN
CN102436109B (en) * 2010-09-29 2014-05-07 财团法人工业技术研究院 Reflective display device
US8830426B2 (en) 2010-11-17 2014-09-09 Pixel Qi Corporation Color shift reduction in transflective liquid crystal displays
DE102010054054A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Portable data carrier e.g. smart card has thermochromic color layer whose color is changed by performing thermal energy change in color layer such that data input from input unit is acknowledged
DE102010054053A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Data carrier, security element and method for influencing the color change of thermochromic color layers
CN102786925B (en) * 2011-05-18 2014-06-04 南京理工大学 Metal grating structure coupled thermochromic film material
WO2013104520A1 (en) 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Arjo Wiggins Fine Papers Limited Method for producing a sheet
KR20140129201A (en) * 2012-02-28 2014-11-06 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈스 게엠베하 운트 코. 카게 Conductive polymer layer as an antistatic protection shield for polarization filter
CN102662268A (en) * 2012-04-26 2012-09-12 华映光电股份有限公司 Cholesterol liquid crystal display and driving method thereof
KR20130140960A (en) * 2012-05-22 2013-12-26 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 Panel acting as active retarder and method of fabricating the same, and 3 dimensional stereography image displayable system including the panel
WO2014034483A1 (en) * 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 シャープ株式会社 Light deflection device and method for driving light deflection element
DE102013112253A1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2015-05-07 Osram Oled Gmbh Optoelectronic component, method for operating an optoelectronic component and method for producing an optoelectronic component
US9059188B1 (en) 2014-05-01 2015-06-16 International Business Machines Corporation Graphene resistor based tamper resistant identifier with contactless reading
DE102014117877A1 (en) * 2014-12-04 2016-06-23 Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg security element
US10310298B2 (en) * 2016-10-25 2019-06-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Smart sensor-cover apparatus and methods and computer products for implementing same
GB2603803A (en) * 2021-02-15 2022-08-17 Koenig & Bauer Banknote Solutions Sa Security document

Family Cites Families (271)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB723598A (en) 1951-09-07 1955-02-09 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to methods of producing electrically conductive mouldings from plastics
US3512052A (en) 1968-01-11 1970-05-12 Gen Motors Corp Metal-insulator-semiconductor voltage variable capacitor with controlled resistivity dielectric
DE2102735B2 (en) 1971-01-21 1979-05-10 Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Mill, eg for grinding plastics fillers - with electric circuit for controlling the throughput of the mill
US3769096A (en) 1971-03-12 1973-10-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pyroelectric devices
AU488652B2 (en) * 1973-09-26 1976-04-01 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Improvements in or relating to security tokens
JPS543594B2 (en) 1973-10-12 1979-02-24
DE2407110C3 (en) 1974-02-14 1981-04-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Sensor for the detection of a substance contained in a gas or a liquid
JPS54101176A (en) 1978-01-26 1979-08-09 Shinetsu Polymer Co Contact member for push switch
US4442019A (en) 1978-05-26 1984-04-10 Marks Alvin M Electroordered dipole suspension
US4246298A (en) 1979-03-14 1981-01-20 American Can Company Rapid curing of epoxy resin coating compositions by combination of photoinitiation and controlled heat application
JPS5641938U (en) 1979-09-10 1981-04-17
US4340057A (en) 1980-12-24 1982-07-20 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Radiation induced graft polymerization
JPS585059U (en) * 1981-06-30 1983-01-13 大日本印刷株式会社 image display body
US4472627A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-09-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Treasury Authenticating and anti-counterfeiting device for currency
EP0108650A3 (en) 1982-11-09 1986-02-12 Zytrex Corporation Programmable mos transistor
DE3321071A1 (en) 1983-06-10 1984-12-13 Basf Ag PRESSURE SWITCH
DE3338597A1 (en) 1983-10-24 1985-05-02 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH, 8000 München DATA CARRIER WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
US4554229A (en) 1984-04-06 1985-11-19 At&T Technologies, Inc. Multilayer hybrid integrated circuit
JPS6265472A (en) 1985-09-18 1987-03-24 Toshiba Corp Mis type semiconductor element
US4726659A (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-02-23 Rca Corporation Display device having different alignment layers
DE3768112D1 (en) 1986-03-03 1991-04-04 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk RADIATION DETECTOR.
DE3751376T2 (en) 1986-10-13 1995-11-16 Canon Kk Circuit element.
GB2215307B (en) 1988-03-04 1991-10-09 Unisys Corp Electronic component transportation container
DE68912426T2 (en) 1988-06-21 1994-05-11 Gec Avery Ltd Manufacture of portable electronic cards.
US5364735A (en) 1988-07-01 1994-11-15 Sony Corporation Multiple layer optical record medium with protective layers and method for producing same
US4937119A (en) 1988-12-15 1990-06-26 Hoechst Celanese Corp. Textured organic optical data storage media and methods of preparation
US5892244A (en) 1989-01-10 1999-04-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Field effect transistor including πconjugate polymer and liquid crystal display including the field effect transistor
FR2644920B1 (en) 1989-03-21 1993-09-24 France Etat POLYCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE WITH PHOTOCONDUCTOR-LIGHT EMITTING TYPE
US6331356B1 (en) 1989-05-26 2001-12-18 International Business Machines Corporation Patterns of electrically conducting polymers and their application as electrodes or electrical contacts
EP0418504B1 (en) 1989-07-25 1995-04-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Organic semiconductor memory device having a MISFET structure and its control method
FI84862C (en) 1989-08-11 1992-01-27 Vaisala Oy Capacitive humidifier construction and method of making it
DE3942663A1 (en) 1989-12-22 1991-06-27 Gao Ges Automation Org DATA CARRIER WITH A LIQUID CRYSTAL SECURITY ELEMENT
US5206525A (en) 1989-12-27 1993-04-27 Nippon Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. Electric element capable of controlling the electric conductivity of π-conjugated macromolecular materials
FI91573C (en) 1990-01-04 1994-07-11 Neste Oy Method for manufacturing electronic and electro-optical components and circuits
JP2969184B2 (en) 1990-04-09 1999-11-02 カシオ計算機株式会社 Thin film transistor memory
FR2664430B1 (en) 1990-07-04 1992-09-18 Centre Nat Rech Scient THIN FILM FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR WITH MIS STRUCTURE, IN WHICH THE INSULATION AND THE SEMICONDUCTOR ARE MADE OF ORGANIC MATERIALS.
US5202677A (en) * 1991-01-31 1993-04-13 Crystal Images, Inc. Display apparatus using thermochromic material
DE4103675C2 (en) 1991-02-07 1993-10-21 Telefunken Microelectron Circuit for voltage surge of AC input signals
FR2673041A1 (en) 1991-02-19 1992-08-21 Gemplus Card Int METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MICROMODULES AND CORRESPONDING MICROMODULE.
EP0501456A3 (en) 1991-02-26 1992-09-09 Sony Corporation Video game computer provided with an optical disc drive
US5408109A (en) 1991-02-27 1995-04-18 The Regents Of The University Of California Visible light emitting diodes fabricated from soluble semiconducting polymers
EP0511807A1 (en) 1991-04-27 1992-11-04 Gec Avery Limited Apparatus and sensor unit for monitoring changes in a physical quantity with time
JP3224829B2 (en) 1991-08-15 2001-11-05 株式会社東芝 Organic field effect device
JPH0580530A (en) 1991-09-24 1993-04-02 Hitachi Ltd Production of thin film pattern
US5173835A (en) 1991-10-15 1992-12-22 Motorola, Inc. Voltage variable capacitor
JPH0770470B2 (en) 1991-10-30 1995-07-31 フラウンホファー・ゲゼルシャフト・ツール・フォルデルング・デル・アンゲバンテン・フォルシュング・アインゲトラーゲネル・フェライン Irradiation device
JP2709223B2 (en) 1992-01-30 1998-02-04 三菱電機株式会社 Non-contact portable storage device
JPH0611712A (en) * 1992-04-10 1994-01-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display device constituted by using this liquid crystal panel
FR2696043B1 (en) 1992-09-18 1994-10-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Support for a network of resistive elements made of conductive polymer and its manufacturing process.
EP0603939B1 (en) 1992-12-21 1999-06-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. N-type conductive polymer and method of preparing such a polymer
DE4243832A1 (en) 1992-12-23 1994-06-30 Daimler Benz Ag Push button arrangement
JP3457348B2 (en) 1993-01-15 2003-10-14 株式会社東芝 Method for manufacturing semiconductor device
FR2701117B1 (en) 1993-02-04 1995-03-10 Asulab Sa Electrochemical measurement system with multizone sensor, and its application to glucose measurement.
EP0615256B1 (en) 1993-03-09 1998-09-23 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method of manufacturing a pattern of an electrically conductive polymer on a substrate surface and method of metallizing such a pattern
US5567550A (en) 1993-03-25 1996-10-22 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of making a mask for making integrated circuits
DE4312766C2 (en) 1993-04-20 1997-02-27 Telefunken Microelectron Circuit for voltage boost
JPH0722669A (en) 1993-07-01 1995-01-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Plastic functional element
AU7563294A (en) 1993-08-24 1995-03-21 Metrika Laboratories, Inc. Novel disposable electronic assay device
JP3460863B2 (en) 1993-09-17 2003-10-27 三菱電機株式会社 Method for manufacturing semiconductor device
FR2710413B1 (en) 1993-09-21 1995-11-03 Asulab Sa Measuring device for removable sensors.
US5556706A (en) 1993-10-06 1996-09-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Conductive layered product and method of manufacturing the same
IL111151A (en) 1994-10-03 1998-09-24 News Datacom Ltd Secure access systems
US6028649A (en) * 1994-04-21 2000-02-22 Reveo, Inc. Image display systems having direct and projection viewing modes
WO1995031833A2 (en) 1994-05-16 1995-11-23 Philips Electronics N.V. Semiconductor device provided with an organic semiconductor material
IL110318A (en) 1994-05-23 1998-12-27 Al Coat Ltd Polyaniline-containing solutions for preparing transparent electrodes for liquid crystal devices
US5684884A (en) 1994-05-31 1997-11-04 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Piezoelectric loudspeaker and a method for manufacturing the same
JP3246189B2 (en) 1994-06-28 2002-01-15 株式会社日立製作所 Semiconductor display device
US5528222A (en) 1994-09-09 1996-06-18 International Business Machines Corporation Radio frequency circuit and memory in thin flexible package
US5574291A (en) 1994-12-09 1996-11-12 Lucent Technologies Inc. Article comprising a thin film transistor with low conductivity organic layer
US5630986A (en) 1995-01-13 1997-05-20 Bayer Corporation Dispensing instrument for fluid monitoring sensors
DE19506907A1 (en) 1995-02-28 1996-09-05 Telefunken Microelectron Voltage or current level input signal changing circuit for e.g. EEPROM
JP3068430B2 (en) 1995-04-25 2000-07-24 富山日本電気株式会社 Solid electrolytic capacitor and method of manufacturing the same
JPH08303150A (en) * 1995-05-09 1996-11-19 Affinity Kk Divided panel and window using the panel
JPH08328031A (en) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-13 Sharp Corp Full-color liquid crystal display device and its production
JPH0933645A (en) 1995-07-21 1997-02-07 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Power supply circuit of transponder
US5652645A (en) 1995-07-24 1997-07-29 Anvik Corporation High-throughput, high-resolution, projection patterning system for large, flexible, roll-fed, electronic-module substrates
JP3298607B2 (en) * 1995-09-29 2002-07-02 ソニー株式会社 Liquid crystal element and manufacturing method thereof
US5707894A (en) 1995-10-27 1998-01-13 United Microelectronics Corporation Bonding pad structure and method thereof
US5625199A (en) 1996-01-16 1997-04-29 Lucent Technologies Inc. Article comprising complementary circuit with inorganic n-channel and organic p-channel thin film transistors
US6469683B1 (en) * 1996-01-17 2002-10-22 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Liquid crystal optical device
US6326640B1 (en) 1996-01-29 2001-12-04 Motorola, Inc. Organic thin film transistor with enhanced carrier mobility
GB2310493B (en) 1996-02-26 2000-08-02 Unilever Plc Determination of the characteristics of fluid
JP3080579B2 (en) 1996-03-06 2000-08-28 富士機工電子株式会社 Manufacturing method of air rear grid array package
DE19610284A1 (en) 1996-03-15 1997-08-07 Siemens Ag Transponder antenna coil design
JP2000512428A (en) 1996-06-12 2000-09-19 ザ トラスティーズ オブ プリンストン ユニバーシテイ Thin film patterning for organic multicolor display manufacturing
DE19629656A1 (en) 1996-07-23 1998-01-29 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Diagnostic test carrier with multilayer test field and method for the determination of analyte with its aid
US5693956A (en) 1996-07-29 1997-12-02 Motorola Inverted oleds on hard plastic substrate
DE19648937A1 (en) * 1996-11-26 1997-05-15 Meonic Sys Eng Gmbh Product recognition electronic label
US6259506B1 (en) * 1997-02-18 2001-07-10 Spectra Science Corporation Field activated security articles including polymer dispersed liquid crystals, and including micro-encapsulated field affected materials
US5946551A (en) 1997-03-25 1999-08-31 Dimitrakopoulos; Christos Dimitrios Fabrication of thin film effect transistor comprising an organic semiconductor and chemical solution deposited metal oxide gate dielectric
US6344662B1 (en) 1997-03-25 2002-02-05 International Business Machines Corporation Thin-film field-effect transistor with organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductor requiring low operating voltages
US5841325A (en) 1997-05-12 1998-11-24 Hewlett-Packard Company Fully-integrated high-speed interleaved voltage-controlled ring oscillator
KR100248392B1 (en) 1997-05-15 2000-09-01 정선종 The operation and control of the organic electroluminescent devices with organic field effect transistors
JP4509228B2 (en) 1997-08-22 2010-07-21 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Field effect transistor made of organic material and method of manufacturing the same
WO1999010769A1 (en) * 1997-08-28 1999-03-04 E-Ink Corporation Applications for encapsulated electrophoretic displays
EP1296280A1 (en) 1997-09-11 2003-03-26 Precision Dynamics Corporation Rf-id tag with integrated circuit consisting of organic materials
WO1999013441A2 (en) 1997-09-11 1999-03-18 Precision Dynamics Corporation Radio frequency identification tag on flexible substrate
US6251513B1 (en) 1997-11-08 2001-06-26 Littlefuse, Inc. Polymer composites for overvoltage protection
JPH11142810A (en) 1997-11-12 1999-05-28 Nintendo Co Ltd Portable information processor
US5997817A (en) 1997-12-05 1999-12-07 Roche Diagnostics Corporation Electrochemical biosensor test strip
WO1999030432A1 (en) 1997-12-05 1999-06-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Identification transponder
US5998805A (en) 1997-12-11 1999-12-07 Motorola, Inc. Active matrix OED array with improved OED cathode
US6281952B1 (en) * 1997-12-26 2001-08-28 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display
US6083104A (en) 1998-01-16 2000-07-04 Silverlit Toys (U.S.A.), Inc. Programmable toy with an independent game cartridge
AU739848B2 (en) 1998-01-28 2001-10-18 Thin Film Electronics Asa A method for generation of electrical conducting or semiconducting structures in three dimensions and methods for erasure of the same structures
US6087196A (en) 1998-01-30 2000-07-11 The Trustees Of Princeton University Fabrication of organic semiconductor devices using ink jet printing
US6045977A (en) 1998-02-19 2000-04-04 Lucent Technologies Inc. Process for patterning conductive polyaniline films
JPH11249128A (en) * 1998-03-02 1999-09-17 Seiko Epson Corp Reflection type liquid crystal device and electronic equipment
JPH11249494A (en) 1998-03-03 1999-09-17 Canon Inc Drum flange, cylindrical member, process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming device
DE19816860A1 (en) 1998-03-06 1999-11-18 Deutsche Telekom Ag Chip card, especially credit card
US6033202A (en) 1998-03-27 2000-03-07 Lucent Technologies Inc. Mold for non - photolithographic fabrication of microstructures
US6369793B1 (en) * 1998-03-30 2002-04-09 David C. Zimman Printed display and battery
JP4664501B2 (en) 1998-04-10 2011-04-06 イー インク コーポレイション Electronic display using organic field effect transistors
GB9808061D0 (en) 1998-04-16 1998-06-17 Cambridge Display Tech Ltd Polymer devices
GB9808806D0 (en) 1998-04-24 1998-06-24 Cambridge Display Tech Ltd Selective deposition of polymer films
TW410478B (en) 1998-05-29 2000-11-01 Lucent Technologies Inc Thin-film transistor monolithically integrated with an organic light-emitting diode
US6107920A (en) 1998-06-09 2000-08-22 Motorola, Inc. Radio frequency identification tag having an article integrated antenna
US5967048A (en) 1998-06-12 1999-10-19 Howard A. Fromson Method and apparatus for the multiple imaging of a continuous web
KR100282393B1 (en) 1998-06-17 2001-02-15 구자홍 method for fabricating Organic Electroluminescent display Device
US6528816B1 (en) 1998-06-19 2003-03-04 Thomas Jackson Integrated inorganic/organic complementary thin-film transistor circuit and a method for its production
JP2000090229A (en) * 1998-07-13 2000-03-31 Minolta Co Ltd Information recording and display card and information recording and display system using the same
DE19836174C2 (en) 1998-08-10 2000-10-12 Illig Maschinenbau Adolf Heater for heating thermoplastic sheets and method for adjusting the temperature of this heater
US6215130B1 (en) 1998-08-20 2001-04-10 Lucent Technologies Inc. Thin film transistors
US6330464B1 (en) 1998-08-26 2001-12-11 Sensors For Medicine & Science Optical-based sensing devices
JP4493741B2 (en) 1998-09-04 2010-06-30 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 Method for manufacturing semiconductor device
EP0996176B8 (en) 1998-10-13 2005-10-19 Sony Deutschland GmbH Method of fabricating an active matrix light-emitting display device
DE19851703A1 (en) 1998-10-30 2000-05-04 Inst Halbleiterphysik Gmbh Electronic structure, e.g. FET, is produced by plotting, spraying, spin coating or spreading of insulating, semiconducting and-or conductive layers onto a substrate
US6384804B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2002-05-07 Lucent Techonologies Inc. Display comprising organic smart pixels
US6506438B2 (en) 1998-12-15 2003-01-14 E Ink Corporation Method for printing of transistor arrays on plastic substrates
US6321571B1 (en) 1998-12-21 2001-11-27 Corning Incorporated Method of making glass structures for flat panel displays
US6114088A (en) 1999-01-15 2000-09-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Thermal transfer element for forming multilayer devices
DE60035078T2 (en) 1999-01-15 2008-01-31 3M Innovative Properties Co., St. Paul Manufacturing method of a heat transfer donor element
GB2347013A (en) 1999-02-16 2000-08-23 Sharp Kk Charge-transport structures
AU5646800A (en) 1999-03-02 2000-09-21 Helix Biopharma Corporation Card-based biosensor device
US6180956B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2001-01-30 International Business Machine Corp. Thin film transistors with organic-inorganic hybrid materials as semiconducting channels
US6207472B1 (en) 1999-03-09 2001-03-27 International Business Machines Corporation Low temperature thin film transistor fabrication
TW508975B (en) 1999-03-29 2002-11-01 Seiko Epson Corp Composition, film manufacturing method, as well as functional device and manufacturing method therefor
EP1113502B1 (en) 1999-03-30 2007-09-19 Seiko Epson Corporation Method of manufacturing thin-film transistor
US6498114B1 (en) 1999-04-09 2002-12-24 E Ink Corporation Method for forming a patterned semiconductor film
US6072716A (en) 1999-04-14 2000-06-06 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Memory structures and methods of making same
US6387736B1 (en) 1999-04-26 2002-05-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Method and structure for bonding layers in a semiconductor device
FR2793089B3 (en) 1999-04-28 2001-06-08 Rene Liger TRANSPONDER WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA
DE19919448A1 (en) 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 Miele & Cie Cooling device and method for indicating germs
US6736985B1 (en) 1999-05-05 2004-05-18 Agere Systems Inc. High-resolution method for patterning a substrate with micro-printing
DE19921024C2 (en) 1999-05-06 2001-03-08 Wolfgang Eichelmann Video game system
US6383664B2 (en) 1999-05-11 2002-05-07 The Dow Chemical Company Electroluminescent or photocell device having protective packaging
JP4136185B2 (en) 1999-05-12 2008-08-20 パイオニア株式会社 Organic electroluminescent multicolor display and method for manufacturing the same
EP1052594A1 (en) 1999-05-14 2000-11-15 Sokymat S.A. Transponder and molding die, and their method of manufacture
DE69913745T2 (en) 1999-05-17 2004-10-07 Goodyear Tire & Rubber RF TRANSPONDER AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING RF SIGNAL MODULATION IN A PASSIVE TRANSPONDER
DE19928060A1 (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-21 Whd Elektron Prueftech Gmbh Optically variable security feature and process for its manufacture
TW556357B (en) 1999-06-28 2003-10-01 Semiconductor Energy Lab Method of manufacturing an electro-optical device
ATE344535T1 (en) 1999-07-06 2006-11-15 Elmos Semiconductor Ag CMOS COMPATIBLE SOI PROCESS
JP2001085272A (en) 1999-07-14 2001-03-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Variable capacitor
DE19933757A1 (en) 1999-07-19 2001-01-25 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Manufacturing chip card with integral battery involves applying first conducting track structure, electrolyte and second conducting track structure to form opposite polarity electrodes
DE19935527A1 (en) 1999-07-28 2001-02-08 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Active film for chip cards with display
DE19937262A1 (en) 1999-08-06 2001-03-01 Siemens Ag Arrangement with transistor function
US6593690B1 (en) 1999-09-03 2003-07-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Large area organic electronic devices having conducting polymer buffer layers and methods of making same
JP4595143B2 (en) 1999-09-06 2010-12-08 双葉電子工業株式会社 Organic EL device and manufacturing method thereof
EP1085320A1 (en) 1999-09-13 2001-03-21 Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum Vzw A device for detecting an analyte in a sample based on organic materials
US6517995B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2003-02-11 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Fabrication of finely featured devices by liquid embossing
US6888096B1 (en) 1999-09-28 2005-05-03 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Laser drilling method and laser drilling device
US6340822B1 (en) 1999-10-05 2002-01-22 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Article comprising vertically nano-interconnected circuit devices and method for making the same
WO2001027998A1 (en) 1999-10-11 2001-04-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Integrated circuit
JP2002090725A (en) * 1999-10-29 2002-03-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display device
US6335539B1 (en) 1999-11-05 2002-01-01 International Business Machines Corporation Method for improving performance of organic semiconductors in bottom electrode structure
US6284562B1 (en) 1999-11-17 2001-09-04 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Thin film transistors
JP2001147659A (en) 1999-11-18 2001-05-29 Sony Corp Display device
EP1103916A1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-05-30 Infineon Technologies AG IC-card
US6136702A (en) 1999-11-29 2000-10-24 Lucent Technologies Inc. Thin film transistors
US6621098B1 (en) 1999-11-29 2003-09-16 The Penn State Research Foundation Thin-film transistor and methods of manufacturing and incorporating a semiconducting organic material
US6197663B1 (en) 1999-12-07 2001-03-06 Lucent Technologies Inc. Process for fabricating integrated circuit devices having thin film transistors
AU2015901A (en) 1999-12-21 2001-07-03 Plastic Logic Limited Inkjet-fabricated integrated circuits
BR0016661B1 (en) 1999-12-21 2013-11-26 METHODS FOR FORMATION OF AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE
US7002451B2 (en) 2000-01-11 2006-02-21 Freeman Jeffrey R Package location system
JP2002162652A (en) * 2000-01-31 2002-06-07 Fujitsu Ltd Sheet-like display device, resin spherical body and microcapsule
US6706159B2 (en) 2000-03-02 2004-03-16 Diabetes Diagnostics Combined lancet and electrochemical analyte-testing apparatus
TW497120B (en) 2000-03-06 2002-08-01 Toshiba Corp Transistor, semiconductor device and manufacturing method of semiconductor device
JP3614747B2 (en) 2000-03-07 2005-01-26 Ｎｅｃエレクトロニクス株式会社 BOOST CIRCUIT, IC CARD WITH THE SAME AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH THE SAME
DE10012204A1 (en) 2000-03-13 2001-09-20 Siemens Ag Electronic postage stamp for identifying postal articles
EP1134694A1 (en) 2000-03-16 2001-09-19 Infineon Technologies AG Document with integrated electronic circuit
JP2001267578A (en) 2000-03-17 2001-09-28 Sony Corp Thin-film semiconductor device, and method for manufacturing the same
KR100767204B1 (en) 2000-03-28 2007-10-17 다이어베티스 다이어그노스틱스, 인크. Continuous process for manufacture of disposable electro-chemical sensor
AU2001264879A1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-12-03 Schott Donnelly Llc Electrochromic devices
US6535057B2 (en) 2000-05-29 2003-03-18 Stmicroelectronics Ltd. Programmable glitch filter
US6329226B1 (en) 2000-06-01 2001-12-11 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Method for fabricating a thin-film transistor
CN1211695C (en) 2000-06-06 2005-07-20 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing such
DE10032260B4 (en) 2000-07-03 2004-04-29 Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh Circuit arrangement for doubling the voltage of a battery
DE10033112C2 (en) 2000-07-07 2002-11-14 Siemens Ag Process for the production and structuring of organic field-effect transistors (OFET), OFET produced thereafter and its use
US6483473B1 (en) 2000-07-18 2002-11-19 Marconi Communications Inc. Wireless communication device and method
US7875975B2 (en) 2000-08-18 2011-01-25 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Organic integrated circuit completely encapsulated by multi-layered barrier and included in RFID tag
DE10120687A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2002-10-31 Siemens Ag Encapsulated organic-electronic circuit has electronic components especially made of organic material and arranged between at least two layers forming barrier
EP1310004A2 (en) 2000-08-18 2003-05-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Organic field-effect transistor (ofet), a production method therefor, an integrated circuit constructed from the same and their uses
JP2002068324A (en) 2000-08-30 2002-03-08 Nippon Sanso Corp Heat-insulating container
DE10043204A1 (en) 2000-09-01 2002-04-04 Siemens Ag Organic field-effect transistor, method for structuring an OFET and integrated circuit
US6699728B2 (en) 2000-09-06 2004-03-02 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Patterning of electrodes in oled devices
DE10044842A1 (en) 2000-09-11 2002-04-04 Siemens Ag Organic rectifier, circuit, RFID tag and use of an organic rectifier
DE10045192A1 (en) 2000-09-13 2002-04-04 Siemens Ag Organic data storage, RFID tag with organic data storage, use of an organic data storage
DE10047171A1 (en) 2000-09-22 2002-04-18 Siemens Ag Electrode and/or conductor track used for components of OFETs and OLEDs is produced by treating an organic functional polymer with a chemical compound
KR20020036916A (en) 2000-11-11 2002-05-17 주승기 Method of crystallizing a silicon thin film and semiconductor device fabricated thereby
DE10058559A1 (en) 2000-11-24 2002-05-29 Interactiva Biotechnologie Gmb System for distribution of refrigerated goods has communication network connecting supplier to local storage areas and hence to customers
US6859093B1 (en) 2000-11-28 2005-02-22 Precision Dynamics Corporation Rectifying charge storage device with bi-stable states
KR100390522B1 (en) 2000-12-01 2003-07-07 피티플러스(주) Method for fabricating thin film transistor including a crystalline silicone active layer
DE10061299A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2002-06-27 Siemens Ag Device for determining and / or forwarding at least one environmental influence, production method and use thereof
DE10061297C2 (en) 2000-12-08 2003-05-28 Siemens Ag Procedure for structuring an OFET
EP1215725A3 (en) 2000-12-18 2005-03-23 cubit electronics Gmbh Assembly apted to support electric devices and contactless transponder
GB2371910A (en) 2001-01-31 2002-08-07 Seiko Epson Corp Display devices
DE10105914C1 (en) 2001-02-09 2002-10-10 Siemens Ag Organic field effect transistor with photo-structured gate dielectric and a method for its production
US6767807B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2004-07-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for producing organic thin film device and transfer material used therein
JP2002289355A (en) 2001-03-26 2002-10-04 Pioneer Electronic Corp Organic semiconductor diode and organic electroluminescense element display
DE10117663B4 (en) 2001-04-09 2004-09-02 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd., Suwon Process for the production of matrix arrangements based on various types of organic conductive materials
CA2445082A1 (en) * 2001-04-24 2002-10-31 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Liquid crystal device exhibiting optical properties which are changeable after assembly
DE10120686A1 (en) 2001-04-27 2002-11-07 Siemens Ag Process for producing thin homogeneous layers with the help of screen printing technology, device for carrying out the process and its use
US6781868B2 (en) 2001-05-07 2004-08-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Molecular memory device
US20020170897A1 (en) 2001-05-21 2002-11-21 Hall Frank L. Methods for preparing ball grid array substrates via use of a laser
US7244669B2 (en) 2001-05-23 2007-07-17 Plastic Logic Limited Patterning of devices
DE10126859A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-12-12 Siemens Ag Production of conducting structures used in organic FETs, illuminated diodes, organic diodes and integrated circuits comprises directly or indirectly forming conducting pathways
DE10126860C2 (en) 2001-06-01 2003-05-28 Siemens Ag Organic field effect transistor, process for its manufacture and use for the construction of integrated circuits
US6870180B2 (en) 2001-06-08 2005-03-22 Lucent Technologies Inc. Organic polarizable gate transistor apparatus and method
JP2003017248A (en) 2001-06-27 2003-01-17 Sony Corp Electroluminescent element
DE20111825U1 (en) 2001-07-20 2002-01-17 Lammering Thomas Print media
DE10141440A1 (en) 2001-08-23 2003-03-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag tripod
JP2003089259A (en) 2001-09-18 2003-03-25 Hitachi Ltd Pattern forming method and pattern forming apparatus
US7351660B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2008-04-01 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Process for producing high performance interconnects
US6679036B2 (en) 2001-10-15 2004-01-20 Shunchi Crankshaft Co., Ltd. Drive gear shaft structure of a self-moving type mower
DE10151036A1 (en) 2001-10-16 2003-05-08 Siemens Ag Isolator for an organic electronic component
DE10151440C1 (en) 2001-10-18 2003-02-06 Siemens Ag Organic electronic component for implementing an encapsulated partially organic electronic component has components like a flexible foil as an antenna, a diode or capacitor and an organic transistor.
DE10153656A1 (en) 2001-10-31 2003-05-22 Infineon Technologies Ag Process for reducing the contact resistance in organic field effect transistors by applying a reactive intermediate layer that doses the organic semiconductor layer in the contact region in a regio-selective manner
DE10160732A1 (en) 2001-12-11 2003-06-26 Siemens Ag OFET used e.g. in RFID tag, comprises an intermediate layer on an active semiconductor layer
DE10163267A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Banknotes incorporating an electronic, data containing, circuit and transceiver and a device for processing said notes ensure that banknote handling is greatly simplified
DE10209400A1 (en) 2002-03-04 2003-10-02 Infineon Technologies Ag Transponder circuit for a transponder has a rectifier circuit with a component that has a coating of organic material
US6596569B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-07-22 Lucent Technologies Inc. Thin film transistors
US7204425B2 (en) 2002-03-18 2007-04-17 Precision Dynamics Corporation Enhanced identification appliance
DE10212640B4 (en) 2002-03-21 2004-02-05 Siemens Ag Logical components made of organic field effect transistors
DE10219905B4 (en) 2002-05-03 2011-06-22 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, 93055 Optoelectronic component with organic functional layers and two carriers and method for producing such an optoelectronic component
DE10226370B4 (en) 2002-06-13 2008-12-11 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Substrate for an electronic component, use of the substrate, methods for increasing the charge carrier mobility and organic field effect transistor (OFET)
US6812509B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2004-11-02 Palo Alto Research Center Inc. Organic ferroelectric memory cells
DE10229168A1 (en) 2002-06-28 2004-01-29 Infineon Technologies Ag Laminate with an electrically conductive layer designed as an antenna structure
EP1383179A2 (en) 2002-07-17 2004-01-21 Pioneer Corporation Organic semiconductor device
ATE355566T1 (en) 2002-08-23 2006-03-15 Polyic Gmbh & Co Kg ORGANIC COMPONENT FOR SURGE PROTECTION AND ASSOCIATED CIRCUIT
US6753994B1 (en) * 2002-10-08 2004-06-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Spatially conformable tunable filter
AT502890B1 (en) 2002-10-15 2011-04-15 Atomic Austria Gmbh ELECTRONIC MONITORING SYSTEM FOR CHECKING BZW. RECORDING OF A SPORTS COMBINATION COMPOSED OF MULTIPLE SPORTS
US6870183B2 (en) 2002-11-04 2005-03-22 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Stacked organic memory devices and methods of operating and fabricating
EP1559148A2 (en) 2002-11-05 2005-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Organic electronic component with high-resolution structuring and method for the production thereof
DE10253154A1 (en) 2002-11-14 2004-05-27 Siemens Ag Biosensor, used to identify analyte in liquid sample, has test field with detector, where detector registers field changes as electrical signals for evaluation
US7442954B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2008-10-28 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Organic electronic component comprising a patterned, semi-conducting functional layer and a method for producing said component
EP1563554B1 (en) 2002-11-19 2012-01-04 PolyIC GmbH & Co. KG Organic electronic component comprising the same organic material for at least two functional layers
US7088145B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2006-08-08 3M Innovative Properties Company AC powered logic circuitry
EP1434281A3 (en) 2002-12-26 2007-10-24 Konica Minolta Holdings, Inc. Manufacturing method of thin-film transistor, thin-film transistor sheet, and electric circuit
DE10302149A1 (en) 2003-01-21 2005-08-25 Siemens Ag Use of conductive carbon black / graphite blends for the production of low-cost electronics
ATE341076T1 (en) * 2003-02-27 2006-10-15 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv MULTI-STACK INFORMATION CARRIER WITH ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
US8665247B2 (en) 2003-05-30 2014-03-04 Global Oled Technology Llc Flexible display
US6950157B2 (en) * 2003-06-05 2005-09-27 Eastman Kodak Company Reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display with complementary light-absorbing layer
DE10330064B3 (en) 2003-07-03 2004-12-09 Siemens Ag Organic logic gate has load field effect transistor with potential-free gate electrode in series with switching field effect transistor
DE10330063A1 (en) 2003-07-03 2005-02-03 Siemens Ag Organic layer structuring method for organic integrated circuit manufacture e.g. for manufacture of radio frequency identification tag, using structured anorganic layer as structuring mask
JP4964408B2 (en) * 2003-07-14 2012-06-27 フレックス プロダクツ インコーポレイテッド Vacuum roll coated anti-counterfeit thin film interference article with overt and / or hidden patterned layer
DE10335336B4 (en) 2003-08-01 2011-06-16 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Field effect devices and capacitors with electrode arrangement in a layer plane
DE10338277A1 (en) 2003-08-20 2005-03-17 Siemens Ag Organic capacitor with voltage controlled capacity
KR20060132792A (en) * 2003-08-23 2006-12-22 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. Method of producing a colour display device and colour display device
DE10339036A1 (en) 2003-08-25 2005-03-31 Siemens Ag Organic electronic component with high-resolution structuring and manufacturing method
DE10340641A1 (en) 2003-09-03 2005-04-07 Siemens Ag Production of a through-contact, especially an organic switch, for integrated plastic circuits comprises using a dispersion of a sulfonic acid derivative in an aqueous solvent mixture
DE10340644B4 (en) 2003-09-03 2010-10-07 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Mechanical controls for organic polymer electronics
DE10340643B4 (en) 2003-09-03 2009-04-16 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Printing method for producing a double layer for polymer electronics circuits, and thereby produced electronic component with double layer
JP4400327B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2010-01-20 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Wiring formation method for tile-shaped element
US7122828B2 (en) 2003-09-24 2006-10-17 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Semiconductor devices having regions of induced high and low conductivity, and methods of making the same
US7358530B2 (en) 2003-12-12 2008-04-15 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Thin-film transistor array with ring geometry
US7057697B2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2006-06-06 M-Display Optronics Corp. In-plane switching liquid crystal display having nanometer scale roughness
US20050232530A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-20 Jason Kekas Electronically controlled volume phase grating devices, systems and fabrication methods
DE102004059464A1 (en) 2004-12-10 2006-06-29 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Electronic component with modulator
DE102004063435A1 (en) 2004-12-23 2006-07-27 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Organic rectifier
DE102005009820A1 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-09-07 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Electronic assembly with organic logic switching elements
DE102005017655B4 (en) 2005-04-15 2008-12-11 Polyic Gmbh & Co. Kg Multilayer composite body with electronic function

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5425466B2 (en) 2014-02-26
US7940340B2 (en) 2011-05-10
TWI457634B (en) 2014-10-21
EP1899901B8 (en) 2016-01-13
WO2007003405A1 (en) 2007-01-11
EP1899901A1 (en) 2008-03-19
CN101258516B (en) 2011-05-11
KR20080053459A (en) 2008-06-13
AU2006265350A1 (en) 2007-01-11
JP2008545172A (en) 2008-12-11
KR101424820B1 (en) 2014-08-06
ES2560861T3 (en) 2016-02-23
DE102005031448A1 (en) 2007-01-11
US20080198278A1 (en) 2008-08-21
AU2006265350B2 (en) 2011-12-08
EP1899901B1 (en) 2015-10-28
TW200720729A (en) 2007-06-01
CA2614064A1 (en) 2007-01-11
CN101258516A (en) 2008-09-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2614064C (en) Activatable optical layer
CA2580332C (en) Security document with electrically-controlled display element
CN101836167B (en) Multi-layer sheet for use in electro-optic displays
US5566982A (en) Flexible card with validity checking device
AU2007251757B2 (en) Document of value having security element
AU2012327361B2 (en) Display device
JP2004525785A (en) Decorative foil
CN1441383A (en) Event processing information card with memery and liquid crystal display device
CN107000464A (en) Safety element
DE10214369B4 (en) Value or security document with Seebeck or Peltier element
DE112012003903B4 (en) Authentication element for security documents
JP5613149B2 (en) Security element with electrically inducible deflection-dependent volume hologram and method for manufacturing the same
GB2603803A (en) Security document
JP2011518356A5 (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request