CA2614216A1 - Automatic adjustment of nmr pulse sequence to optimize snr based on real time analysis - Google Patents

Automatic adjustment of nmr pulse sequence to optimize snr based on real time analysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2614216A1
CA2614216A1 CA002614216A CA2614216A CA2614216A1 CA 2614216 A1 CA2614216 A1 CA 2614216A1 CA 002614216 A CA002614216 A CA 002614216A CA 2614216 A CA2614216 A CA 2614216A CA 2614216 A1 CA2614216 A1 CA 2614216A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
sensor
borehole
nmr
altering
sensitive volume
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Granted
Application number
CA002614216A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2614216C (en
Inventor
Mike Gillen
Ole G. Engels
W. Allen Gilchrist, Jr.
Darryl E. Trcka
Thomas Kruspe
Songhua Chen
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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Individual
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Publication of CA2614216A1 publication Critical patent/CA2614216A1/en
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Publication of CA2614216C publication Critical patent/CA2614216C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/087—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
    • G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G01N24/081—Making measurements of geologic samples, e.g. measurements of moisture, pH, porosity, permeability, tortuosity or viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/3808—Magnet assemblies for single-sided MR wherein the magnet assembly is located on one side of a subject only; Magnet assemblies for inside-out MR, e.g. for MR in a borehole or in a blood vessel, or magnet assemblies for fringe-field MR
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
    • G01V1/48—Processing data
    • G01V1/50—Analysing data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V11/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00
    • G01V11/002—Details, e.g. power supply systems for logging instruments, transmitting or recording data, specially adapted for well logging, also if the prospecting method is irrelevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/20—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with propagation of electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/32—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V5/045—Transmitting data to recording or processing apparatus; Recording data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/445—MR involving a non-standard magnetic field B0, e.g. of low magnitude as in the earth's magnetic field or in nanoTesla spectroscopy, comprising a polarizing magnetic field for pre-polarisation, B0 with a temporal variation of its magnitude or direction such as field cycling of B0 or rotation of the direction of B0, or spatially inhomogeneous B0 like in fringe-field MR or in stray-field imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/448—Relaxometry, i.e. quantification of relaxation times or spin density
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
    • G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
    • G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
    • G01R33/543—Control of the operation of the MR system, e.g. setting of acquisition parameters prior to or during MR data acquisition, dynamic shimming, use of one or more scout images for scan plane prescription

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

A method of conducting logging operations of a borehole in an earth formation comprises making measurements using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor in the borehole, determining, from the measurements, a fraction of at least one sensitive volume of the NMR sensor that includes a borehole fluid, and altering the at least one sensitive volume based on the determination.

Claims (25)

1. A method of conducting logging operations in a borehole, the method comprising:
(a) conveying at least one formation evaluation (FE) sensor into the borehole;
(b) using an expert system to analyze measurements made by the at least one FE sensor; and (c) altering a logging parameter based on the analysis.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one FE sensor is selected from the group consisting of (i) a resistivity sensor, (ii) a natural gamma ray sensor, (iii) a porosity sensor, (iv) a density sensor,(v) a nuclear magnetic resonance sensor, and, (vi) an acoustic sensor.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising conveying the at least one FE
sensor into the borehole on a conveyance device selected from the group consisting of (i) a wireline, and, (ii) a slickline.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein altering the logging parameter comprises altering a logging speed.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein altering the logging speed further comprises at least one of (i) altering a wait time for NMR signal acquisition, and (ii) altering the number of echoes acquired in NMR signal acquisition.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein altering the logging parameter is based on at least one of (i) a determination of a spin relaxation time, (ii) an identification of a bed boundary.
7. An apparatus for conducting logging operations of a borehole in an earth formation, the apparatus comprising:

(a) at least one formation evaluation (FE) sensor;
(b) an expert system which analyzes the measurements made by the at least one FE sensor; and (c) a processor which alters a logging parameter based on said analysis.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein at least one of the (i) the expert system, and (ii) the processor is at a downhole location.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the at least one FE sensor is selected from the group consisting of (i) a resistivity sensor, (ii) a natural gamma ray sensor, (iii) a porosity sensor, (iv) a density sensor,(v) a nuclear magnetic resonance sensor, and, (vi) an acoustic sensor.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising a conveyance device which conveys the at least one FE sensor into the borehole, the conveyance device is selected from the group consisting of (i) a wireline, and (ii) a slickline.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 further comprising a device which positions at least one of the plurality of sensors at a different distance from a center of the borehole than another one of the plurality of sensors.
12. A method of conducting logging operations of a borehole in an earth formation, the method comprising:
(a) making measurements using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor in the borehole;
(b) determining, from the measurements, a fraction of at least one sensitive volume of the NMR sensor that includes a borehole fluid;
and (c) altering the at least one sensitive volume based on the determination.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the at least one sensitive volume comprises a plurality of sensitive volumes, the method further comprising:
(i) obtaining NMR signals from the plurality of sensitive volumes; and (ii) making the determination based on the NMR signals from the plurality of sensitive volumes.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the determination is based at least in part on measurements of a standoff of the sensor from a wall of the borehole.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein altering the at least one sensitive volume further comprises at least one of:
(i) altering a frequency of operation of the NMR sensor (ii) altering a distance of the NMR sensor from a wall of the borehole;
(iii) using a field shifting magnet to alter a static magnetic field produced by the NMR sensor; and (iv) altering a distance of the at least one sensitive volume from a wall of the borehole..
16. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
(i) conveying at least one additional sensor into the borehole with the NMR sensor, the at least one additional sensor responsive to a property of the formation;
(ii) analyzing outputs of the NMR sensor and the at least one additional sensor; and (iii) altering a logging speed based on results of the analysis.
17. An apparatus for conducting logging operations of a borehole in an earth formation, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor which makes measurements within the borehole; and (b) a processor which:
(A) determines from the measurements a fraction of at least one sensitive volume of the NMR sensor including a borehole fluid; and (B) alters the at least one sensitive volume based on the determination.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein:
(i) the at least one sensitive volume comprises a plurality of sensitive volumes, (ii) the NMR sensor obtains NMR signals from the plurality of sensitive volumes; and (iii) the processor makes the determination based at least in part on the NMR signals from the plurality of sensitive volumes.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the processor further alters the at least one sensitive volume by at least one of:
(I) changing a frequency of operation of the NMR sensor, and (II) activating a field shifting magnet on the NMR sensor.
20. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a caliper that makes a measurement of a standoff of the NMR sensor from a wall of the borehole and wherein the processor makes the determination at least in part on measurements made by the caliper.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the caliper is selected from the group consisting of (i) an acoustic caliper, and (ii) a mechanical caliper.
22. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising a device which alters the sensitive volume by changing a position of the NMR sensor relative to a wall of the borehole.
23. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising at least one additional sensor conveyed into the borehole with the NMR sensor, the at least one additional sensor responsive to a property of the formation;
wherein the processor further:
(i) analyzes outputs of the NMR sensor and the at least one additional sensor; and
24 (ii) alters a logging speed based on results of the analysis.

24. A computer-readable medium for use with an apparatus for conducting logging operations of a borehole in an earth formation, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor which makes measurements within the borehole;
the medium comprising instructions which enable a processor to:
(b) determine a fraction of at least one sensitive volume of the NMR
sensor including a borehole fluid; and (c) alter the at least one sensitive volume based on the determination.
25. The medium of claim 24 wherein the medium is selected from the group consisting of (i) a ROM, (ii) an EPROM, (iii) an EEPROM, (iv)a flash memory, and (v) an optical disk.
CA2614216A 2005-07-12 2006-07-11 Automatic adjustment of nmr pulse sequence to optimize snr based on real time analysis Expired - Fee Related CA2614216C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/179,990 US7301338B2 (en) 2001-08-13 2005-07-12 Automatic adjustment of NMR pulse sequence to optimize SNR based on real time analysis
US11/179,990 2005-07-12
PCT/US2006/026852 WO2007008876A2 (en) 2005-07-12 2006-07-11 Automatic adjustment of nmr pulse sequence to optimize snr based on real time analysis

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2614216A1 true CA2614216A1 (en) 2007-07-18
CA2614216C CA2614216C (en) 2011-03-29

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CA2614216A Expired - Fee Related CA2614216C (en) 2005-07-12 2006-07-11 Automatic adjustment of nmr pulse sequence to optimize snr based on real time analysis

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US (2) US7301338B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101583885B (en)
AU (1) AU2006268246A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2614216C (en)
GB (2) GB2468060B (en)
NO (1) NO341836B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2447279C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007008876A2 (en)

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WO2007008876A3 (en) 2009-02-19
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US20050257610A1 (en) 2005-11-24
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WO2007008876A2 (en) 2007-01-18
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US7301338B2 (en) 2007-11-27
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US7565833B2 (en) 2009-07-28
US20080021654A1 (en) 2008-01-24
RU2447279C2 (en) 2012-04-10
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GB2443347B (en) 2010-07-21

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