CA2619675A1 - Thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system - Google Patents

Thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system Download PDF

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CA2619675A1
CA2619675A1 CA002619675A CA2619675A CA2619675A1 CA 2619675 A1 CA2619675 A1 CA 2619675A1 CA 002619675 A CA002619675 A CA 002619675A CA 2619675 A CA2619675 A CA 2619675A CA 2619675 A1 CA2619675 A1 CA 2619675A1
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fuel cell
hydrogen
cell system
producing
fuel
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CA2619675C (en
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David J. Edlund
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Idatech LLC
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Abstract

Thermally primed fuel processing assemblies and hydrogen-producing fuel cell systems that include the same. The thermally primed fuel processing assemblies include at least one hydrogen-producing region housed within an internal compartment of a heated containment structure. In some embodiments, the heated containment structure is an oven. In some embodiments, the compartment also contains a purification region and/or heating assembly.
In some embodiments, the containment structure is adapted to heat and maintain the internal compartment at or above a threshold temperature, which may correspond to a suitable hydrogen-producing temperature. In some embodiments, the containment structure is adapted to maintain this temperature during periods in which the fuel cell system is not producing power and/or not producing power to satisfy an applied load to the system. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system is adapted to provide backup power to a power source, which may be adapted to power the containment structure.

Claims (32)

1. A thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system, comprising:
a fuel processing assembly comprising a hydrogen-producing region that contains a reforming catalyst, wherein the hydrogen-producing region is adapted to receive a feed stream containing at least a carbon-containing feedstock and water and to produce from the feed stream a reformate stream containing hydrogen gas as a majority component;
a fuel cell stack adapted to receive an oxidant and a fuel stream containing hydrogen gas produced in the hydrogen-producing region, wherein the fuel cell stack is further adapted to generate a power output from the fuel stream and the oxidant;
a containment structure including an enclosure that defines an internal compartment containing at least the hydrogen-producing region of the fuel processing assembly; and a heating assembly adapted to heat and maintain at least the internal compartment of the containment structure at or above a threshold temperature during periods in which the fuel cell system is not producing the power output and the fuel processing assembly is not producing the reformate stream.
2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell stack is adapted to supply the power output to satisfy an applied load from an energy-consuming device when a primary power source that is normally adapted to satisfy the applied load is not providing a power output to satisfy the applied load.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the heating assembly is adapted to be powered by the primary power source when the primary power source is configured to satisfy the applied load from the energy-consuming device.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the primary power source includes an electrical grid.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the heating assembly is adapted to stop heating the internal compartment when the fuel processing assembly is producing hydrogen gas.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein the fuel processing assembly further comprises a second heating assembly, wherein the second heating assembly is positioned within the enclosure and is adapted to receive and combust a fuel stream.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 6, wherein the second heating assembly is adapted to provide heat to at least the hydrogen-producing region of the fuel processing assembly when the fuel processing assembly is producing hydrogen gas.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 6, wherein the fuel stream is a gaseous fuel stream.
9. The fuel cell system of claim 8, wherein the gaseous fuel stream includes hydrogen gas produced by the fuel processing assembly.
10. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen-producing region is adapted to produce hydrogen gas from the feed stream, if delivered thereto, when the hydrogen-producing region is at the threshold temperature.
11. The fuel cell system of claim 10, wherein the carbon-containing feedstock is methanol and the threshold temperature is at least 350° C.
12. The fuel cell system of claim 10, wherein the carbon-containing feedstock is a hydrocarbon and the threshold temperature is at least 700° C.
13. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the enclosure is an insulated enclosure having an internal surface, which defines at least in part the internal compartment, and an exterior surface, and further wherein the enclosure is adapted to maintain the exterior surface at a temperature that is less than 100° C
when the threshold temperature is at least 350° C.
14. The fuel cell system of claim 13, wherein the enclosure is adapted to maintain the exterior surface at a temperature that is less than 50° C
when the threshold temperature is at least 350° C.
15. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the fuel processing assembly further comprises at least one purification region adapted to receive at least a portion of the reformate stream and to produce a product hydrogen stream having at least one of a greater concentration of hydrogen gas and a lower concentration of at least one of the other gases present in the reformate stream.
16. The fuel cell system of claim 15, wherein the fuel processing assembly includes at least one purification region within the internal compartment.
17. The fuel cell system of claim 15, wherein the fuel processing assembly includes at least one purification region external the enclosure.
18. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system further includes an energy storage device adapted to satisfy an applied load from at least one of the fuel cell system and an energy-consuming device.
19. The fuel cell system of claim 18, wherein the fuel cell system has a thermally primed response time to produce hydrogen gas with the fuel processing assembly when the fuel processing assembly has been heated to at least the threshold temperature by the heating assembly and to generate the power output from hydrogen gas produced by the fuel processing assembly, wherein the energy storage device has a maximum charge that is adapted to satisfy an applied load for a time period, and further wherein the time period is greater than the thermally primed response time.
20. The fuel cell system of claim 19, wherein the fuel cell system has a startup response time to begin producing the power output from hydrogen gas when the fuel processing assembly has not been heated to the threshold temperature by the heating assembly, and further wherein the time period is less than the startup response time.
21. A thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system, comprising:
a fuel processing assembly comprising a hydrogen-producing region that contains a reforming catalyst, wherein the hydrogen-producing region is adapted to receive a feed stream containing at least a carbon-containing feedstock and water and to produce from the feed stream a reformate stream containing hydrogen gas as a majority component;
a purification region adapted to receive at least a portion of the reformate stream and to separate the portion into a product hydrogen stream containing greater hydrogen purity than the reformate stream, and a byproduct stream;
a fuel cell stack adapted to receive an oxidant and a fuel stream containing hydrogen gas produced in the hydrogen-producing region, wherein the fuel cell stack is further adapted to generate a power output from the fuel stream and the oxidant;
a containment structure including an insulated enclosure that defines an internal compartment containing at least the hydrogen-producing region and the purification region of the fuel processing assembly; and a heating assembly adapted to heat and maintain at least the internal compartment of the containment structure at or above a threshold temperature of at least 350° C during periods in which the fuel cell system is not producing the power output and the fuel processing assembly is not producing the reformate stream, wherein the heating assembly is not powered by the fuel cell system at least when the fuel cell system is not producing the power output.
22. The fuel cell system of claim 21, wherein the heating assembly is an electrically powered heating assembly.
23. The fuel cell system of claim 21, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises a second heating assembly that is adapted to receive and combust at least the byproduct stream, and further wherein the second heating assembly is contained within the compartment.
24. A method for using a thermally primed hydrogen-producing fuel cell system, which includes at least a hydrogen-producing fuel processing assembly and a fuel cell stack, to supplement a primary power source adapted to satisfy an applied load from an energy-consuming device, the method comprising:
heating at least a hydrogen-producing region of a fuel processing assembly to at least a threshold temperature at which the hydrogen-producing region is adapted to produce a mixed gas stream containing hydrogen gas as a majority component from a feed stream containing water and a carbon-containing feedstock;
maintaining the hydrogen-producing region at or above the threshold temperature during periods in which the hydrogen-producing region is not producing hydrogen gas;
delivering at least water and a carbon-containing feedstock to the hydrogen-producing region during a transition period in which there is a demand for a power output from the fuel cell system to satisfy an applied load;
producing hydrogen gas in the hydrogen-producing region; and generating the power output with the fuel cell stack from oxidant and hydrogen gas produced in the hydrogen-producing region.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the heating and maintaining is performed by a heating assembly that is adapted to heat at least the hydrogen-producing region of the fuel processing assembly.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the heating assembly is an electrically powered heating assembly that is adapted to be powered by the primary power source.
27. The method of claim 25, wherein the method further includes stopping the maintaining by the heating assembly prior to the generating step.
28. The method of claim 21, wherein at least one of the heating and the maintaining steps includes powering a heating assembly with the primary power source to generate heat to heat the hydrogen-producing region.
29. The method of claim 21, wherein at least the hydrogen-producing region of the fuel processing assembly is contained in an internal compartment of an enclosure, and further wherein the heating and maintaining steps include utilizing a heating assembly to heat the internal compartment to at least a threshold temperature.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the threshold temperature corresponds to a temperature at which the hydrogen-producing region is adapted to produce, from water and at least one carbon-containing feedstock, a stream containing hydrogen gas as a majority component.
31. The method of claim 21, further comprising detecting when the primary power source is not able to satisfy the applied load from the energy-consuming device and initiating the delivering step responsive at least in part thereto.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein upon the occurrence of the detecting step, the method is adapted to complete the delivering and producing step and to initiate the generating step in less than one minute.
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WO2007037856A2 (en) 2007-04-05
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US7659019B2 (en) 2010-02-09
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CA2619675C (en) 2011-10-18
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US8691463B2 (en) 2014-04-08
US20070065689A1 (en) 2007-03-22

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