CA2625277A1 - Novel crystal forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium and processes for their preparation as well as novel processes for preparing other forms - Google Patents
Novel crystal forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium and processes for their preparation as well as novel processes for preparing other forms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2625277A1 CA2625277A1 CA002625277A CA2625277A CA2625277A1 CA 2625277 A1 CA2625277 A1 CA 2625277A1 CA 002625277 A CA002625277 A CA 002625277A CA 2625277 A CA2625277 A CA 2625277A CA 2625277 A1 CA2625277 A1 CA 2625277A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- calcium
- atorvastatin hemi
- atorvastatin
- hemi
- solvates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Substances [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013809 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000523 polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003124 powdered cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019814 powdered cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045902 sodium stearyl fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
- A61K9/2806—Coating materials
- A61K9/282—Organic compounds, e.g. fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
The present invention provides novel forms of atorvastatin designated Forms VI, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII and novel processes for their preparation as well as processes for preparing atorvastatin Forms, I, II, IV, V and amorphous atorvastatin.
Description
NOVEL CRYSTAL FORMS OF ATORVASTATIN HEMI-CALCIUM
AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATION
AS WELL AS NOVEL PROCESSES FOR PREPARING OTHER FORMS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to crystalline polymotphic forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, novel processes for preparing crystalline forms of atorvastatin hem_i-calcium and crystalline atorvastatin hemi-calcium with a small particle size distribution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Atorvastatiri, ([R-(R*, 1Z*+2-(4-fluorophenyl)-f3, 6-dihydroYy-5-(] -methylethyl)-3- phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1I-[-pyrrole-l-heptanoic acid), depicted in lactone form in formula (I) and its calcium salt trihydrate of formula (II) are well known in the art, and described, inter alia, in U. S. Patents Nos. 4,681,893, and 5,273,995.
Atorvastatin is a meinber of the class of drugs called statins. Statin drugs are currently the most therapeutically effective drugs available for reducing low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration in the blood stream of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. A high level of LDL in the bloodstream has been linked to the formation of coronary lesions which obstruct the flow of blood and can rupture and WO 02J43732 PCT/US01l44636 promote tbrombosis. Goodman and Gihnan, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 879 (9th ed. 1996). Reducing plasma LDL levels has been shown to reduce the risk of clinical events in patients with cardiovascular disease and patients who are free of cardiovascular disease but who have hypercholesterolemia. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group, 1994; Lipid Research Clinics Program, 1984a, 1984b.
The mechanism of action of statin drugs has been elucidated in some detail.
They interfere with the synthesis of cholesterol and other sterols in the liver by competitively inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme ("HMG-CoA
reductase"). HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the conversion HMG to mevalonate, which is the rate determining step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, and so, its inhibition leads to a reduction in the concentration of cholesterol in the liver. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is the biological vehicle for transporting cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to peripheral cells. VLDL is catabolized in the peripheral cells which releases fatty acids which may be stored in adopeytes or oxidized by muscle. The VLDL is converted to intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), which is either removed by an LDL
receptor, or is converted to LDL. Decreased production of cholesterol leads to an increase in the number of LDL receptors and conesponding reduction in the production of LDL
particles by metabolism of IDL.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt trihydrate is marketed under the name LIPITOR
by Warner-Lambert Co. Atorvastatin was first disclosed to the public and claimed in U.S.
Patent No. 4,681,893. The hemi-calcium salt depicted in formula (II) is disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 5,273,995. The'995 patent teaches that the hemi-calcium salt is obtained by crystallization from a brine solution resulting from the transposition of the sodium salt with CaCIZ and further purified by recrystallization from a 5:3 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane.
The present invention provides new crystal forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in both solvated and hydrated states. The occurrence of different crystal forms (polymorphism) is a property of some molecules and molecular complexes. A
single molecule, like the atorvastatin in formula (1) or the salt complex of formula (II), may give rise to a variety of solids having distinct physical properties like melting point, X-ray diffraction pattern, infrared absorption fingerprint and NMR spectrum. The differences in the physical properties of polymorphs result from the orientation and intermolecular interactions of adjacent molecules (complexes) in the bulk solid. Accordingly, polymorphs are distinct solids sharing the same molecular formula yet having distinct advantageous and/or disadvantageous physical properties compared to other forms in the polymorph family. One of the most important physical properties of pharmaceutical polymorphs is their solubility in aqueous solution, particularly their solubility in the gastric juices of a patient. For example, where absorption through the gastrointestinal tract is slow, it is offten desirable for a drug that is unstable to conditions in the patient's stomach or intestine to dissolve slowly so that it does not accumulate in a deleterious environment. On the other hand, where the effectiveness of a drug correlates with peak bloodstream levels of the drug, a property shared by statin drugs, and provided the drug is rapidly absorbed by the GI system, then a more rapidly dissolving form is likely to exhibit increased effectiveness over a comparable amount of a more slowly dissolving form.
Crystalline Fonns I, II, III and IV of atorvastatin hemi-calcium are the subjects of U. S. Patents Nos. 5,969,156 and 6,121,461 assigned to Warner-Lambert and crystalline atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V is disclosed in commonly-owned PCT
Application No. PCT/US00/31555. There is an assertion in the'156 patent that Form I
possesses more favorable filtration and drying characteristics than the known amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. Although Form I remedies some of the deficiencies of the amorphous material in tenns of manufacturability, there remains a need for yet further improvement in these properties as well as improvements in other properties such as flowability, vapor impermeability and solubility. Further, the discovery of new crystalline polymorphic fonns of a drug enlarges the repertoire of materials that a formulation scientist has with which to design a pharmaceutical dosage form of a drug with a targeted release profile or other desired characteristic.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. I is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATION
AS WELL AS NOVEL PROCESSES FOR PREPARING OTHER FORMS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to crystalline polymotphic forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, novel processes for preparing crystalline forms of atorvastatin hem_i-calcium and crystalline atorvastatin hemi-calcium with a small particle size distribution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Atorvastatiri, ([R-(R*, 1Z*+2-(4-fluorophenyl)-f3, 6-dihydroYy-5-(] -methylethyl)-3- phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1I-[-pyrrole-l-heptanoic acid), depicted in lactone form in formula (I) and its calcium salt trihydrate of formula (II) are well known in the art, and described, inter alia, in U. S. Patents Nos. 4,681,893, and 5,273,995.
Atorvastatin is a meinber of the class of drugs called statins. Statin drugs are currently the most therapeutically effective drugs available for reducing low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration in the blood stream of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. A high level of LDL in the bloodstream has been linked to the formation of coronary lesions which obstruct the flow of blood and can rupture and WO 02J43732 PCT/US01l44636 promote tbrombosis. Goodman and Gihnan, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 879 (9th ed. 1996). Reducing plasma LDL levels has been shown to reduce the risk of clinical events in patients with cardiovascular disease and patients who are free of cardiovascular disease but who have hypercholesterolemia. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group, 1994; Lipid Research Clinics Program, 1984a, 1984b.
The mechanism of action of statin drugs has been elucidated in some detail.
They interfere with the synthesis of cholesterol and other sterols in the liver by competitively inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase enzyme ("HMG-CoA
reductase"). HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the conversion HMG to mevalonate, which is the rate determining step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, and so, its inhibition leads to a reduction in the concentration of cholesterol in the liver. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is the biological vehicle for transporting cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to peripheral cells. VLDL is catabolized in the peripheral cells which releases fatty acids which may be stored in adopeytes or oxidized by muscle. The VLDL is converted to intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), which is either removed by an LDL
receptor, or is converted to LDL. Decreased production of cholesterol leads to an increase in the number of LDL receptors and conesponding reduction in the production of LDL
particles by metabolism of IDL.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt trihydrate is marketed under the name LIPITOR
by Warner-Lambert Co. Atorvastatin was first disclosed to the public and claimed in U.S.
Patent No. 4,681,893. The hemi-calcium salt depicted in formula (II) is disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 5,273,995. The'995 patent teaches that the hemi-calcium salt is obtained by crystallization from a brine solution resulting from the transposition of the sodium salt with CaCIZ and further purified by recrystallization from a 5:3 mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane.
The present invention provides new crystal forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in both solvated and hydrated states. The occurrence of different crystal forms (polymorphism) is a property of some molecules and molecular complexes. A
single molecule, like the atorvastatin in formula (1) or the salt complex of formula (II), may give rise to a variety of solids having distinct physical properties like melting point, X-ray diffraction pattern, infrared absorption fingerprint and NMR spectrum. The differences in the physical properties of polymorphs result from the orientation and intermolecular interactions of adjacent molecules (complexes) in the bulk solid. Accordingly, polymorphs are distinct solids sharing the same molecular formula yet having distinct advantageous and/or disadvantageous physical properties compared to other forms in the polymorph family. One of the most important physical properties of pharmaceutical polymorphs is their solubility in aqueous solution, particularly their solubility in the gastric juices of a patient. For example, where absorption through the gastrointestinal tract is slow, it is offten desirable for a drug that is unstable to conditions in the patient's stomach or intestine to dissolve slowly so that it does not accumulate in a deleterious environment. On the other hand, where the effectiveness of a drug correlates with peak bloodstream levels of the drug, a property shared by statin drugs, and provided the drug is rapidly absorbed by the GI system, then a more rapidly dissolving form is likely to exhibit increased effectiveness over a comparable amount of a more slowly dissolving form.
Crystalline Fonns I, II, III and IV of atorvastatin hemi-calcium are the subjects of U. S. Patents Nos. 5,969,156 and 6,121,461 assigned to Warner-Lambert and crystalline atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V is disclosed in commonly-owned PCT
Application No. PCT/US00/31555. There is an assertion in the'156 patent that Form I
possesses more favorable filtration and drying characteristics than the known amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. Although Form I remedies some of the deficiencies of the amorphous material in tenns of manufacturability, there remains a need for yet further improvement in these properties as well as improvements in other properties such as flowability, vapor impermeability and solubility. Further, the discovery of new crystalline polymorphic fonns of a drug enlarges the repertoire of materials that a formulation scientist has with which to design a pharmaceutical dosage form of a drug with a targeted release profile or other desired characteristic.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. I is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 2 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 3 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 4 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source.
Fig. 5 is a characteristic solid state "C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin Form VIII.
Fig. 6 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 7 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source.
Fig. 8 is a characteristic solid state13C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin Form IX.
Fig. 9 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 10 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source.
Fig. 11 is a characteristic solid state13C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X.
Fig. 12 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 13 is an overlay of typical powder X-ray diffraction patterns of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides new atorvastatin hemi-calcium solvates and hydrates.
The present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form VI and novel processes for its preparation.
Fig. 3 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 4 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source.
Fig. 5 is a characteristic solid state "C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin Form VIII.
Fig. 6 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 7 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source.
Fig. 8 is a characteristic solid state13C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin Form IX.
Fig. 9 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 10 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source.
Fig. 11 is a characteristic solid state13C NMR spectrum of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X.
Fig. 12 is a characteristic powder X-ray diffraction pattern of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
Fig. 13 is an overlay of typical powder X-ray diffraction patterns of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII obtained using a conventional X-ray generator with a copper anode.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides new atorvastatin hemi-calcium solvates and hydrates.
The present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form VI and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form VIII and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form TX and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form X and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form XI and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form XII and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form R.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form N.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium In another aspect, the invention provides compositions and dosage forms comprising atorvastatin hemi-calcium Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and their mixtures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIlVIENTS
Some crystalline forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium of the present invention exist in a solvated state and hydrated state. Hydrates have been analyzed by Karl-Fisher and thermogravimetric analysis.
Powder X-ray diffaction ("PXRD") analysis employing conventional CaKa, radiation was performed by methods known in the art using a SCINTAG powder X-ray diffractometer model X'TRA equipped with a solid-state detector. Copper radiation of k = 1.5418 A was used. Measurement range: 2-40 degrees 20. The sample was introduced using a round standard aluminum sample holder with round zero background quartz plate in the bottom. Powdered samples were gently ground and. filled in the round cavity of the sample holder by pressing with a glass plate.
PXRD analysis using a synchrotron X-ray source was performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (diffractometer station X3B1). Samples were loosely packed into thin-walled glass capillaries. X-ray radiation was approximately 1.15 A. Since the wavelength of incident light does correspond to the wavelength most commonly used in conventional PXRD analysis, X-ray peak positions in the diffraction patterns obtained from the synchrotron source are expressed in terms of cl spacings, which are invariant with changes in wavelength of the X-radiation used to produce the pattern. The scan width was from 1 to 20 degrees 20. The resolution of the spectra is in the range of 0.01 to 0.03 degrees full width at half maximum.
The positions of well resolved peaks are accurate to within 0.003 to 0.01 degrees.
The CP/MAS "C NMR measurements were made at 125.76 MHz and were performed on a Bruker(R) DMX-500 digital FT NMR spectrometer equipped with a CP/MAS probehead and a 1-ligh Resolutioi-d1-ligh Perfonnance lH preamplifier for solids:
spin rate 5.0kHz, pulse sequence SELTICS, sample holder: Zirconia rotor 4mm diameter.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 1) with peaks at 3.5,5.1,7.7,8.2,8.7,10.0,12.5,13.8,16.2,17.2,17.9 18.3, 19.5,20.4,20.9,21.7,22.4,23.2,24. 3,25.5 0.2 degrees two-theta. I'he most characteristic peak is observed at 19.5 0.2 degrees two-theta. The PXRD
pattern of Form VI was taken using a Phylips diffractometer similar to the SCINTAG
instrutnentation described above.
Atorvastatin heini-calcium Form VI may be obtained by dissolving any other form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Form I. in acetone and then precipitating Form VI by addition of an anti-solvent, preferably water.
Atorvastatin hem_i-calciuni Form VII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (17ig. 2) having two broad peaks, one in the range 1.8.5-21.8 and the other in the range of 21.8-25.0 degrees 20, and other additional broad peaks at 4.7, 7.8, 9.3, 12.0, 17.1, 18.2 0.2 degrees 20. Samples of Form VII may contain up to 12% water.
Form VII is readily distinguished from known forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium by the broad peaks at 7.8 and 9.3 0.2 degrees 20. For instance, Form I has peaks at 9.2, 9.5, 10.3, 10.6, 11.0 and 12.2 degrees 29 according to the information provided in U.S.
Patent No. 5,969,156. In this region, Form II has two sharp peaks at 8.5 and 9.0 degrees 20 and Form IV has one strong peak at 8.0 degrees 20. The other broad peaks in the region of 15-25 degrees 20 distinguish Form VII from all other forms. Forms I, III and IV all have sharp peaks in this region.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII may be prepared by treating atorvastatin calcium Forms I or V with ethanol, preferably absolute ethanol, at room temperature to reflux temperature for a period of from about 1 h to about 24 h, preferably 2.5-16 h. If the process is carried out in refluxing EtOH, the conversion is complete in about 2.5 h. If the process is carried out at room temperature a longer period is required.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 3) obtained using conventional CuKQ radiation having peaks at 4.8, 5:2, 5.9, 7.0, 8.0, 9.3, 9.6, 10.4, 11.9, 16.3, 17.1(broad), 17.9, 18.6, 19.2, 20.0, 20.8, 21.1, 21.6, 22.4, 22.8, 23.9, 24.7, 25.6, 26.5, 29.0 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The most characteristic peaks are at 6.9, 9.3, 9.6, 16.3, 17.1, 19.2, 20.0, 21.6, 22.4, 23,9, 24.7, 25.6, and 26.5 0.2 degrees 20. Samples of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII were found to contain up to 7% water by Karl Fisher. Form VIII is readily distinguished from Forms I-IV by its characteristic sharp peaks at 9.3 and 9.6 degrees 20.
According to the information provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,969,156, Form I has one medium peak at 6.9 and sharp peaks at 9.2, 9.5, 10.3, 10.6, 11.0 and 12.2+0.2 degrees 20. Form IV
is said to have two peaks at 8.0 and 9.7 degrees 20. Form II is said to have in this region two sharp peaks at 8.5 and 9.0 degrees 20. Form III has in this region one strong sharp peak at 8.7 degrees 20 according to the information provided in U.S. Patent No. 6,121,461.
The features are not observed in the Form VIII PXRD pattern. Further, there is in the PXRD
pattern of Form VIII one sharp, medium intensity peak at 7.0 which is well distinguished from other peaks in the region. A comparison of the PXRD pattem of Form VIII
with the pattems of Forms I-N reveals that this feature of the Form VIII pattern is distinctive.
Other peaks in the Form VIII pattern that are unique to this form are the two strong and sharp peaks at 19.2 and 20.0 degrees 20. In this region, Form I has sharp peaks at 21.6, 22.7, 23.3 and 23.7 degrees 20 according to the information provided in the '156 patent. Form N is said to have peaks at 18.4 and 19.6 degrees 20, while Form II has two main peaks at 17.0 and 20.5 and Form III has peaks at 17.7, 18.2, 18.9, 20.0 and 20.3 0.2 degrees 20.
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction analysis was performed on Form VIII to determine its crystal system and unit cell dimensions. Form VIII has a monoclinic unit cell with lattice dimensions: a = 18.55-18.7 A, b = 5.52-5.53 A, c = 31.0-31.2 A and angle P between the a and c axes of 97.5-99.5 . The unit cell parameters were determined using the Le Bail method.
The diffractogram of Fig. 4 obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source has many sharp well resolved peaks. The d-spacings of some of the more prominent peaks are listed in Table 1, along with the positions in units of two-theta that the peaks would have using GuICQ radiation of 1.5418A..
Table 1 d(A) 20' 30.81 2.87 18.46 4.79 16.96 5.21 15.39 5.74 14.90 5.93 12.78 6.92 11.05 8.00 9.58 9.23 9.22 9.59 7.42 11.93 6.15 14.40 5.43 16.32 4.62 19.21 4.44 20.00 3.98 22.34 ' caIculated trom d for Cu1c, radiatfai : A
Because of the natural variation between independent samples and measurements, the peak positions may deviate from the reported positions by as much as 0.5%
of the d values. There may be larger shifts if the material undergoes size reduction as micronization.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII produced the solid-state "C 1VMR spectrum shown in Fig. S. Form VIII is characterized by the following solid-state13C
nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in ppm: 17.8, 20.0, 24.8, 25.2, 26.1, 40.3, 40.8, 41.5, 43.4, 44.1, 46.1, 70.8, 73.3, 114.1, 116.0, 119.5, 120.1, 121.8, 122.8, 126.6, 128.8, 129.2, 134.2 , 135.1, 137.0, 138.3, 139.8, 159.8, 166.4, 178.8, 186.5. Form VIII is characterized by a solid-state "C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts differences between the lowest ppm resonance and other resonances: 2.2, 7.0, 7.4, 8.3, 22.5, 23.0, 23.7, 25.6, 26.3, 28.3, 53.0, 55.5, 96.3, 98.2, 101.7, 102.3, 104.0, 105.0, 108.8, 111.0, 111.4, 116.4, 117.3, 119.2, 120.5, 122.0, 142.0, 148.6, 161.0 and 168.7.
The chemical shifts reported for Form VIII are averaged from spectra taken of four samples of Form VIII. Characteristic parts of the pattein are found at 24-26 ppm (aliphatic range), 119-140 ppm (aromatic range) and other regions. The shift values are accurate to within 4:0.1 ppm, except for the carbonyl peak at 178.8 ppm which has a fluctuation of f0.4 ppm.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII can exist as an ethanol solvate containing up to about 3 % ethanol by weight.
The following methods have been found suitable for generating Form VIII. This form may, however, also be accessible by empirical development and by routine modification of these procedures.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII may be obtained by slurrying atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of ethanol and water at elevated temperature, preferably about 78-80 C. The slurrying procedure may be incorporated into the last step of a process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium, which typically is generation of the hemi-calcium salt from the atorvastatin free acid or lactone by treatment with a source of calcium ion.
In such a combined procedure the salt is generated in a solvent system comprising ethanol and water. Conveniently, after precipitation of the atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt by an CA 02625277 2008-03-12 X~
~
additional amount of water, the salt may be slurried in the reaction mixture for a period of several hours, preferably from about 6 to about 16 hours to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII.
Form VIII also may be obtained starting from Form V by treating Form V with a mixture of EtOH:H20, preferably in the ratio of about 5:1 at an elevated temperature below reflux, preferably 78-80 C. An especially preferred EtOH:H20 mixture contains about 4 % by volume water in ethanoL During the heating, atorvastatin Form V
gradually dissolves and at the point of 78-80 C turbidity, with or without seeding, is observed. At this point the suspension is immediately cooled to room temperature.
Form VIII may be obtained by treating atorvastatin hemi-calcium in EtOH, preferably absolute EtOH, at elevated temperature, preferably boiling EtOH.
Under these conditions, the atorvastatin dissolves and reprecipitates. MeOH may be added at reflux.
Added MeOH may adversely affect the yield, but may improve the chemical purity of the product. Starting materials for preparing Form VIII by this process can be crystalline forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Forms I and V and mixtures thereof or amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
The quantity of EtOH or mixture thereof with water is preferably in the range of from about 10 to about 100 ml g'', more preferably about 20 to about 80 ml g'.
We have discovered that atorvastatin hemi-calcium that contains greater than 0.1 %
des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium and/or greater than 1% trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium may be purified by suspending in a solution of about 96% ethanol and about 4%
water at elevated temperature, preferably at reflux temperature. Typically, atorvastatin hemi-calcium is recovered with less than 0.07% contamination with des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium and less than 0.6% contamination with trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Form VIII also may be prepared by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium in certain 1-butanol/water and ethanol/water mixtures for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of the atorvastatin hemi-calcium to Form VIII. 1-Butanol/water mixtures should contain about 20% 1-butanol by volume at elevated temperature, preferably at reflux temperature.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattem (Fig. 5) with peaks at 4.7, 5.2, 5.7, 7.0, 7.9, 9.4, 10.2, 12.0, 17.0, 17.4, 18.2, 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5, 23.5, 24.8 (broad), 26.1, 28.7, 30.0 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The most characteristic peaks of Form IX are at 6.9, 17.0, 17.4, 18.2, 18.6, 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5 and 23.5 0.2 degrees two-theta. Form IX may contain up to 7% water. Form IX
also can exist as a butanol solvate containing up to about 5 % butanol.
Form IX is readily distinguished by its characteristic sharp peaks at 18.6, 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5, 23.5 degrees 28. For comparison, Form I has sharp peaks at 21.6, 22.7, 23.3 and 23.7 degrees 29, while Form IV has in this region sharp peaks at 18.4 and 19.6 degrees 20 and Form II has two main peaks at 17.0 and 20.5 degrees 20, according to information in the 156 patent. Form III has in this region peaks at 17.7, 18.3, 18.9, 20.0 and 20.3 degrees 20. Also, there is in the PXRD pattern of Form IX, as there is in the pattem of Form VIII, a sharp, well distinguished medium intensity peak at 7.0 degrees 20.
The crystal system and unit cell dimension of Form IX were deterniined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Form IX has a monoclinic crystal lattice with lattice dimensions: a= 18.75-18.85 A, b = 5.525-5.54 A, c= 30.9-31.15 A
and angle between the a and c axes of 96.5-97.5 .
The d-spacings of some of the more proniinent peaks in the synchrotron X-ray powder diffractogram of Fig. 7 are listed in Table 2, along with the positions in units of two-theta that the peaks would have using CuK. radiation.
Table 2 d(A) 20%
30.86 2.86 18.67 4.73 16.91 5.23 15.17 5.83 12.66 6.98 11.20 7.89 9.50 9.31 9.28 9.53 8.63 10.25 7.69 11.51 7.38 11.99 6.51 13.60 5.45 16.26 5.26 16.86 5.20 17.05 5.12 17.32 4.87 18.22 4.76 18.64 4.63 19.17 4.47 19.86 4.14 21.46 4.08 21.78 3.78 23.54 3.73 23.86 3.62 24.59 3.58 24.87 ' Calculated from d for CuIC. radiation Because of the natural variation between independent samples and measurements, the peak positions may deviate from the reported positions by as much as 0.5%
of the d values. There may be larger shifts if the material undergoes size reduction as micronization.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX produced the solid-state13C NMR spectrum shown in Fig. 8. Form IX is characterized by the following solid-state 13C
nuclear resonance chemical shifts in ppm: 18.0, 20.4, 24.9, 26.1, 40.4, 46.4, 71.0, 73.4, 114.3, 116.0,119.5, 120.2, 121.7,122.8,126.7,128.6, 129.4, 134.3,135.1, 136.8, 138.3, 139.4, 159.9, 166.3, 178.4, 186.6. Form IX is characterized by a solid-state 13C
nuclear resonance having the following chemical shifts differences between the lowest ppm resonance and other resonances: 2.4, 6.9, 8.1, 22.4, 28.4, 53.0, 55.4, 96.3, 98.0, 101.5, 102.2, 103.7, 104.8, 108.7, 110.6, 111.4, 116.3, 117.1, 118.8, 120.3, 121.4, 141.9, 148.3, 160.4, 168.6. Characteristic parts of the pattern are found at 24-26 ppm (aliphatic range), 119-140 ppm (aromatic range) and other regions. The chemical shifts of Form IX
are an average taken from spectra on two samples of Form IX. The shift values are accurate to within 0.1 ppm.
Form IX may be prepared by the following processes though this form may be accessed by empirical development and by routine modification of these procedures.
Atorvastatin hemi-oalcium Form IX may be prepared by slurrying atorvastatin hemi-calcium in butanol and isolating Form IX by, for example, filtration or decantation of the butanol, preferably by filtration. Preferred temperature ranges for the slurrying are from 78 C to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Recovery of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt from the slurry can be enhanced by addition of an anti-solvent to the slurry before isolating Form IX. Preferred anti-solvents include isopropanol and n-hexane.
Starting materials for preparing Form IX by this process can be crystalline or amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Forms I and V and mixtures thereof.
Form IX may be prepared by suspending Form VIII in ethanol, preferably absolute ethanol, at room temperature for a period of time sufficient to convert form VIII to Form IX, which may range from a few hours to 24 hours and typically requires about 16 hours.
Thereafter Form IX is recovered from the suspension. Form IX also may be prepared by maintaining Form VIII under a humid atmosphere.
Form IX also may be prepared by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V
in mixtures of 1-butanol and either ethanol or water at reflux temperature for a period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IX and recovering Form DC from the suspension. Preferably the mixtures contain about 50 volume percent of each component.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X is characterized by a powder X-ray difi'raction pattem (Fig. 7) having peaks at 4.8, 5.3, 5.9, 9.6, 10.3, 11.5, 12.0, a double peak at 16.1 and 16.3, 16.9, 17.4,18.2,19.2, 19.4, 20.0, 20.8, 21.6, 22.0, 22.8, 23.6, 24.6, 25.0, 25.5, 26.2, 26.8, 27.4, 28.0, 30.3 0.2 degrees 20. The most characteristic peaks are two peaks ' ~ ~ - -- ~
at 20.0 and 20.8:L-0.2 degrees 20 and other peaks at 19.1, 19.4, 22.8, 23.6, 25.0, 28.0, 30.310.2 degrees 28. Form X contains up to 2% ethanol and may contain up to 4%
water.
Form X is distinguished from that of Form IV by having characteristic peaks at 7.0, 19.9, 20.7, 24.1, 25.0, 28.0 and 30.3 0.2 degrees 20. These features are clearly distinguished from those appearing the corresponding regions of the PXRD
patterns of Forms I-N which have been previously described.
The crystal system and unit cell dimension of Form X were determined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Form X has a monoclinic crystal lattice with lattice dimensions: a = 18.55-18.65 A, b= 5.52-5.53 A, c= 30.7-30.85 A
and angle between the a and c axes of 95.7-96.7 .
The d-spacings of some of the more prominent peaks in the synchrotron X-ray powder diffractogram of Fig.10 are listed in Table 3, along with the positions in units of two-theta that the peaks would have using CuK radiation.
TM~ ~
WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 Table 3 d(A) 20' 30.63 2.88 18.49 4.78 16.66 5.30 15.12 5.85 12.49 7.08 11.19 7.90 10.20 8.67 9.38 9.43 9.24 9.57 9.13 9.69 8.58 10.31 7.64 11.58 7.36 12.02 7.26 12.19 6.81 13.00 6.50 13.62 6.16 14.38 5.91 14.99 5.24 16.92 5.19 -17.08 5.06 17.53 4.86 18.25 4.74 18.72 4.65 19.09 4.61 19.25 4.56 19.47 4.12 21.57 4.10 21.95 3.93 22.62 3.90 22.80 3.77 23.60 ' Calcutatad from d for CuK, radiatiwi Because of the natural variation between independent samples and measurements, the peak positions may deviate from the reported positions by as much as 0.5%.
There may be larger shifts if the material undergoes size reduction as micronization.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X produced the solid-state "C NMR spectrum shown in Fig. 11. Form X is characterized by the following solid-state 13 C
nuclear resonance chemical shifts in ppm: 17.7, 18.7, 19.6, 20.6, 24.9, 43.4, 63.1, 66.2, 67.5, WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 71.1, 115.9, 119.5, 122.4, 126.7, 128.9, 134.5, 138.0, 159.4, 166.2, 179.3, 181.1, 184.3, 186.1. Form X is characterized by a solid-state "C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts differences between the lowest ppm resonance and other resonances: 1.0, 1.9, 2.9, 7.2, 25.7, 45.4, 48.5, 49.8, 53.4, 98.2, 101.8, 104.7, 109.0, 111.2, 116.8, 120.3, 141.7, 148.5, 161.6,163.4, 166.6, 168.4. Characteristic parts of the pattem are found at 24-26 ppm (aliphatic range), 119-140 ppm (aromatic range) and other regions. The chemical shifts of Fonn X are averaged from three spectra taken of three samples of Form X. The values reported are within f0.1 ppm, except for the carbonyl peak at 179. 3 ppm that is accurate within f0.4 ppm.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X may be prepared by treating crystalline atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Form V or Form I or mixtures thereof, or amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium with a mixture of ethanol and water, preferably in a ratio of about 5:1, at elevated temperature, preferably at reflux temperature, for a period of from about half an hour to a few hours, preferably about I h. The starting material may be added to the EtOH:water mixture at room temperature, followed by gradual heating of the suspension to reflux. Altematively, the starting form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium may be added to the refluxing solvent mixture. In either case, the atorvastatin hemi-calcium should be observed to dissolve in the mixture and then reprecipitate in Form X.
The ratio of atorvastatin hemi-calcium to the EtOH:water mixture preferably ranges from about 1:16 to about 1:25 (g:ml), more preferably from about 1:16 to about 1:21 (g:ml) and most preferably about 1:16 (g:ml). Form X may be collected by filtration shortly after cooling to room temperature or the suspension may be stirred for an addition period of from about I to about 20 hours, more preferably from about 3 to about 16 hours, before collecting the Form X.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 9) having peaks at 3.2, 3.7, 5.1, 6.3, 7.8, 8.6, 9.8, 11.2, 11.8, 12.4, 15.4, 18.7,19.9, 20.5, 24.0 f0.2 degrees two-theta.
Form XI may be obtained by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in methyl ethyl ketone ("MEK") at room temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of Form V into Form M.
Form XI also may be obtained by preparing a gel containing atorvastatin hemi-calcium in isopropyl alcohol and then drying the gel. The gel is best prepared by saturating isopropyl alcohol with atorvastatin henu-calcium at reflux temperature and then cooling to room temperature. Extensive stirring at room temperature, as long as or more than 20 h, may be required in order for the gel to form. In the gel state, the solution is detectably more resistant to stin-ing and does not pour smoothly. The gel remains flowable in the sense that it can be stirred if sufficient force is applied and would not tear under such force.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffiaction pattern having peaks at 2.7, 8.0, 8.4, 11.8, 18.2, 19.0, 19.8, 20.7 4:0,2 degrees two-theta, and a halo that indicates the presence of amorphous material.
Typical X-ray powder diffraction patterns of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII are shown in Fig. 10.
Form XII may be prepared directly from the following compound o oX0 0 F
whose systematic chemical name is [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-O, S-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester, and which will hereafter be referred to as pyrrole acetonide ester or PAE.
Form XII is prepared by first subjecting PAE to conditions that cleave the acetonide and tert-butyl ester group. Prefered conditions employ aqueous hydrochloric acid, more preferably about 1.5% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The solution of atorvastatin, in either free acid or lactone fonn, or mixture thereof, is then treated with calcium hydroxide, preferably a modest excess thereof, more preferably about 1.5 equivalents with respect to the PAE.
After association of the atorvastatin with dissolved calcium derived from the added hydroxide salt, any excess calcium hydroxide may be separated by filtration.
One important feature of this process is the subsequent manipulation of the filtrate. Water is slowly added to the reaction mixture at mildly elevated temperature, preferably about 65 C, until atorvastatin hemi-calcium precipitates. At that point the temperature is increased until a clear solution is once again attained. The mixture is then allowed to cool resulting in the precipitation of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. The isolated precipitate is atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII.
The present invention also provides novel processes for preparing known forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Form I may be obtained by treating any form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium with water at room temperature to 100 C for a period between a few to about 25 hours, preferably about 16 hours. Preferred starting materials are Forms V, VII, VIII, IX and X
of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Form I also may be prepared by sonicating a suspension of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol, preferably absolute ethanol or in water, at between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent for a period of a few minutes.
Preferably between 1 and 3 minutes. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII is a preferred starting material though other forms may be used as well.
Form II inay be prepared directly from [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4fluorophenyl)-O, 8-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3 phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (PAE) according to Example 31.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IV may be prepared by suspending Form I or Form V in 1-butanol for a period of time sufficient to complete the conversion of Form I or Form V to Form IV and then isolating Form IV from the mixture. The conversion may require a prolonged period depending on temperature and other conditions. The conversion typically takes about 24-72 hours at room temperature.
Form IV also niay be obtained by suspending Form V in EtOH/H20 at 50 C
for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of Form V to Form IV
and then recovering Form N from the suspensions. Prefered EtOH/H2O mixtures contain about.15% H20.
Form N also may be obtained by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in methanol for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of Form V to Form N. The rate of conversion is sensitive to temperature and may take from about 1 to about 25 hours under typical laboratory conditions. The conversion requires about 16 hours, at room temperature. The conversion may be conducted at elevated temperature up to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
Form V may be prepared from PAE according to the process described with reference to the preparation of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII. Form V may be obtained by drying Form XII at about 65 C for about 24 hours. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V
obtained in this manner is of high purity. However, it may be further purified by suspending in a mixture of about 10% water and about 90% ethanol and recovering Form V from the mixture in greater purity.
Amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium may be prepared by treating any other form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium with acetone at room temperature to reflux temperature for between a few hours and 25 hours, preferably about 16 hours. A preferred starting material is Form V.
Amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium also may be prepared by sonicating any form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in acetonitrile at any temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of acetonitrile. Sonicating for a few minutes, preferably from 1 to 3 minutes, is sufficient to transform the starting material into amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Preferred starting forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium are Forms VII and I.
Amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium also may be prepared by ball milling of any crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
A further aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition and dosage form containing the novel forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
The compositions of the invention include powders, granulates, aggregates and other solid compositions comprising novel Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. In an aspect of the present invention, Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII of atorvastatin hemi-calcium have a narrow particle size distribution. In an embodiment of the invention, all of the particle sizes are 100 microns or less in diameter. In yet another embodiment, all of the particle sizes are 50 microns or less in diameter. In addition, Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII solid compositions that are contemplated by the present invention may further include diluents, such as cellulose-derived materials like powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose salts and other substituted and unsubstituted celluloses; starch;
pregelatinized starch; inorganic diluents like calcium carbonate and calcium diphosphate and other diluents known to the pharmaceutical industry. Yet other suitable diluents include waxes, sugars and sugar alcohols like mannitol and sorbitol, acrylate polymers and copolymers, as well as pectin, dextrin and gelatin.
Further excipients that are within the contemplation of the present invention include binders, such as acacia gum, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, glucose and other binders used in wet and dry granulation and direct compression tableting processes. Excipients that also may be present in a solid composition of Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII atorvastatin hemi-calcium further include disintegrants like sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and others. In addition, excipients may include tableting lubricants like magnesium and calcium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate; flavorings; sweeteners;
preservatives; pharmaceutically acceptable dyes and glidants such as silicon dioxide.
The dosages include dosages suitable for oral, buccal, rectal, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous), inhalant and ophthalmic administration. Although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the condition being treated, the most preferred route of the present invention is oral. The Dosages may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy.
Dosage forms include solid dosage forms, like tablets, powders, capsules, suppositories, sachets, troches and losenges as well as liquid suspensions and elixirs.
While the description is not intended to be limiting, the invention is also not intended to pertain to true solutions of atorvastatin hemi-calcium whereupon the properties that distinguish the solid forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium are lost. However, the use of the novel forms to prepare such solutions (e.g. so as to deliver, in addition to atorvastatin, a solvate to said solution in a certain ratio with a solvate) is considered to be within the contemplation of the invention.
Capsule dosages, of course, will contain the solid composition within a capsule which may be made of gelatin or other conventional encapsulating material.
Tablets WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 and powders may be coated. Tablets and powders may be coated with an enteric coating. The enteric coated powder forms may have coatings comprising phthalic acid cellulose acetate, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate, polyvinyl alcohol phthalate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, a copolymer of styrene and maleic acid, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and like materials, and if desired, they may be employed with suitable plasticizers and/or extending agents. A
coated tablet may have a coating on the surface of the tablet or may be a tablet comprising a powder or granules with an enteric-coating.
Prefen-ed unit dosages of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention typically contain from 0.5 to 100 mg of the novel atorvastatin hemi-calcium Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII or mixtures thereof with each other or other forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. More usually, the combined weight of the atorvastatin hemi-calcium forms of a unit dosage are from 2.5 mg. to 80 mg.
Having thus described the various aspects of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to be limiting in any way.
EXAMPLES
General Absolute ethanol containing less than 0.2 % water was purchased from Biolabl. Other reagents were reagent grade and were used as received.
Ball milling was performed using a Retsch centrifugal ball-mill S-100 equipped with a 250 ml stainless steal milling chamber and twenty seven 10 mm diameter stainless steal balls as milling media.
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form VI) Example Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was dissolved in acetone (9 ml) at room temperature and stirred for 2.5 hours. Then, water (8.5 ml) was added to get a precipitation and the mixture was then stirred for another 2.5 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C for 5 hrs to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI (0.88 g, 88%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form VU) E.rample 2 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) was stirrefl in absolute EtOH (400 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (40 mg, 40%).
Example Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(75 mg) was stirred in absolute EtOH (30 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (0.60 g, 80%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form VIII) Example 4 To a flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer 1.0 g(1.59x10'j mole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-0,6-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester were put in suspension in a 90% aqueous solution of acetic acid (10 ml). The reaction ntixture was heated to 50 C for three hours and then stured at room temperature until the reaction was complete as determined by HPLC. The solvent was evaporated and the traces of acetic acid were removed by azeotropic distillation with toluene (3x100 ml) to obtain an oil with some toluene. This oil was dissolved in EtOH (10 ml) and water (2 ml). Then 5.5eq (8.4x10-3 mole, 622 mg) of Ca(OH)~ and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (5%, 0.05 g) were added. The reaction mixture was heated at 50 C for 5 hours until the reaction was complete according to HPLC. Then a hot filtration was done under vacuum to remove the excess of Ca(OH)2. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. To this solution water (50 ml) was added while stirring.
~ .~
The white precipitate was stirred at RT ovemight, filtered under vacuum and dried at 65 C for 18 hours to give 145 mg (16%) of atorvastatin henii-calcium salt Form VIII.
Example 5 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in absolute EtOH (80 ml), under reflux, for 24 hrs. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (0.85 g, 85%).
Example 6 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was poured in boiling absolute EtOH
(40 ml). The compound began first to get soluble and then precipitate again.
To this mixture was added MeOH (20 ml). The white solid was then filtered and dried at for 20 hrs in a vacuum oven to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (188 mg, 19%).
Example 7 A suspension of 1.Og of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V in 1-Butanol (4m1) and HZO (16m1) was heated to reflux temperature for 1 hr. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for additiona116 hrs. The solid was filtered and dried at 50 C in a vacuum oven for 16 hrs to give 0.9g (91 %) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form VIII.
Example 8 5.Og of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V were added to a boiled solution of Ethano196% (150m1). The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. Then it was cooled to 20 C during 1.5 hrs, and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs.
The solid was filtered, washed with Ethano196% (2x25m1) and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 4.4g (88%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form VIII. During this process chemical purification occurs, so this process is good also for purification.
WO 02/43732 PCT/L'S01/44636 Example 9 5.0 g of Atorvastatin hemi calcium salt Form V, with a level of 0.12% of Des-fluoro Atorvastatin, were added to a boiled solution of Ethanol 96% (150m1).
The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. Then it was cooled to 20 C during 1.5 hrs and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. The solid was filtered, washed with Ethanol 96% (2x25m1) and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 4.4g (88%) of Atorvastatin hemi calcium salt with a level of 0.06% of Des-fluoro Atorvastatin.
Atorvastatin is obtained in Form VIII by this procedure.
Example 10 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (5 g) in absolute EtOH (35 ml) was refluxed for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 16 h. Absolute ethanol (15 ml) was then added and the suspension was filtered and the collected solids were dried at 65 C for 20 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (4.7 g, 94%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcinm Form IX) Example 11 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in 1-butanol (20 ml) under reflux for 30 minutes. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature.
The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C under vacuum for 20 hrs to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form DC (0.94 g, 94%). KF = 0.9.
Exaniple 12 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in I-butanol (20 ml) under reflux for 30 minute. Then n-hexane (40 ml) was added for fiuther precipitation and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C in a vacuum oven for 20 hrs to yield atorvastatin Form IX (0.96 g, 96%).
Exan~le 13 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in 1-butanol (20 ml) under reflux for 30 minute. Then, IPA (40 ml) was added for further precipitation and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C for 20 hrs in a vacuum oven to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX (0.94 g, 94%) containing 0.9% water by Karl Fisher analysis.
E.xamnle 14 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (800 mg) was stirred in absolute EtOH
(320 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX (630 mg, 79%).
Example 15 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (2.00 g) and 1-butanol (40 ml) was refluxed at 118 C for half an hour. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 3 hours. The solid was then collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX
(1.83 g, 92%).
Example 16 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII was stored under 100% relative humidity at room temperature for nine days. The resulting solid was identified as Form IX by powder X-ray diffraction analysis.
Example 17 1g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form V in 1-BuOH (lOml) and H20 (10m1) was heated to reflux for I h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. Filtration and drying at 65 C for 24hrs gave 0.79g (79%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form IX.
WO 02143732 PCT/'US01l44636 Exrunple 18 1g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form V in 1-BuOH (lOml) and EtOH
(10ml) was heated to reflux for 1 h. The mixture was then cooled to room teniperature and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. Filtration and drying at 65 C for 24 hrs gave 0.98g (98%) of Atorvastatin. hemi-calcium salt form IX.
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form X) Exarnple 19 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (10.00 g) was suspended in a mixture of EtOH (135 ml) and water (24 ml) and heated to reflux for 1 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred for an addition 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X
(8.26 g, 83%).
Example 20 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) in a mixture of EtOH (9 ml) and water (1.6 ml) was refluxed for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then stirred an additional 3 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C
for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X (0.80 g, 80%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form XI) Example 21 1.0g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V was stirred in Methylethyl ketone ("MEK") (5m1) at room temperature for 24 brs. The solid was then filtered, washed with MEK (2m1) and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 0.5g (50%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form M.
Example 22 A suspension of 1.0g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Fonn V in Iso-propyl alcohol ("IPA") (7 ml) was heated to reflux temperature for 1 hr. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for additional 20 hrs.
A gelatinous product was obtained. After addition of IPA (3m1) the gel was filtered and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 0.8g (80%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form XI.
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form XII) Example 23 To a cylindrical reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus and a mechanical stirrer, 20g (30.6mmole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-[i, 6-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (=pyrrole acetonide ester =PAE) were put in suspension in ~ml of absolute Ethanol and 50m1 of aqueous 1.5% Hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 C for 9-11 hrs, while a continuous distillation of a mixture of Ethanol, Acetone and water, under reduced pressure (500-600mbar), was performed. Make-up of absolute Ethanol was done every hour (35-40m1.). After 9-hours there was a reduction in the level of PAE to below 0.1 1% (accordinto HPLC).
Without any further treatment, Ca(OH)Z (1.5eq., 3.4g) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 C for 4-5 hrs. Then the excess of Ca(OH)Z was collected by filtration. To the hot filtrate (65 C), 350m1 of water were added slowly (using a dosing pump) during'/.-1 hour at 65 C. During the addition of water Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt precipitated. After the addition of water the reaction mixture was heated to reflux (84 C) till a clear solution was obtained. Then the mixture was cooled to 20 C during 3 hrs and was stirred at this temperature for an additional 12-16 hrs. The solid was then filtered to give 45.Og of wet cake of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form XII.
(Preparation of Known Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form I) Example 24 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) was stirred in water (400 ml) at room teniperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(0.7 g, 70%).
Example 25 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (10.00 g) in water (100 ml) was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional hour. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(9.64 g, 96%).
Exam ly e 26 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (800 mg) was stirred in water (320 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C
for 24 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(350 mg, 44%).
Example 27 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X (1.0 g) was stirred in water (400 ml) at room temperature for 24 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(720 mg, 72%).
Examnle 28 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX (750 mg) was stured in water (300 ml) at room temperature for 24 h. The solid was collected and dried at 65 C for 20 h to give atorvastatin calcium Form I(420 mg, 56%).
WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 Example 29 Atorvastatin hemi-calciunl Form VII (1.00 g) was stirred in absolute EtOH (20 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then placed into a sonicator for 1.5 min (energy = 235 kJ, Amp. =50%) to obtain a clear solution. After addition of water (14 ml), a precipitate formed and the slurry was put in the sonicator for another 2 min.
(energy = 3.16 kJ, Amp. = 50%) which caused the slurry to gel The gel was dried at 65 C for 20 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(0.50 g, 50%).
Example 30 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (1.00 g) was stirred in water (200 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then placed into a sonicator for 2 min.
(energy =
3.0 kJ, Amp. = 50%) which caused the slurry to gel. The gel was dried at 65 C
for 20 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(0.92 g, 92%).
(Preparation of Known Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form II) Example 31 To a cylindrical reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus and a mechanical stirrer, 20g (30.6mmole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3, S-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (= pyrrole acetonide ester = PAfi) were put in suspension in 135m1 of Methanol and 7.6m1 of aqueous 10% Hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to 35 C for 3 brs, while a continuous distillation of a mixture of Methanol, Acetone and water under reduced pressure (820mbar) was performed.
Make-up of Methanol was done every %z hour (35m1). After 3 hrs the level of PAE
reduced below 0.1% (according to HPLC). Without any further treatment, Ca(OH)2 (1.5eq., 3.4g), water (5ml) and Methanol (45m1) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 C for 2 hrs. Then the excess of Ca(OH)z was collected by filtration and the Ca(OH)~ cake was washed with Methanol (2xlOml). To the filtrate, 300m1 of water were added slowly (using a dosing pump) during'/. hour at 65 C. During the addition of water Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt precipitated. After the addition of WO 02/43732 PCT/L'S01/44636 water the reaction mixture was heated to reflux temperature (78 C) for %
hour. Then the mixture was cooled to 20 C during 3 hrs and was stirred at this temperature for additiona120 hrs. The solid was then filtered and dried at 65 C for 48 hrs to give 16.9g (96%) Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form H.
KF=3.2%
(Preparation of Known Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form IV) Example 32 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form I(1.0 g) was stirred in 9m1 of 1-butanol at room temperature for 24 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C
in a vacuum oven for 16 hours to obtain 0.83 g (83%) of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form IV.
Example 33 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V (1.0 g) was stirred in 20 ml of 1-butanol at room temperature for 72 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 65 C in an oven for 20 hours to obtain 0.82 g (82%) of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form IV.
Example 34 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form V (2.0 g) was stirred in a mixture of EtOH (18 ml) and water (3.2 ml) at 50 C for 1 hour. The precipitate was then filtered and dried at 65 C for 20 hours to obtain 1.60 g(80%) of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form IV.
Example 35 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (2.00 g) and methanol (20 ml) was refluxed for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 16 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 to give atorvastatin calcium Form IV (1.37 g, 56%).
WO 02/43732 PCTlUS01/44636 Exaniple 36 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) in methanol (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to give atorvastatin hemi-calciuni Foim IV
(0.25 g, 25%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form V) Example 37 To a cylindrical reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus and a .10 mechanical stirrer, 20g (30.6mmole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-P, S-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4[(phenylamino)carb onyl] -1 H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (=pyrrole acetonide ester =PAE) were put in suspension in ml of absolute Ethanol and 50m1 of aqueous 1.5% Hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 C for 9-11 hrs, while a continuous distillation of a mixture of Ethanol, Acetone and water, under reduced pressure (500-600mbar), was performed. Make-up of absolute Ethanol was done every hour (35-40m1.). After 9-hours there was a reduction in the level of PAE to below 0.1% (according to HPLC).
Without any further treatment, Ca(OH)2 (1.5eq., 3.4g) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 C for 4-5 hrs. Then the excess of Ca(OH)z was collected by filtration. To the hot filtrate (65 C), 350m1 of water were added slowly (using a dosing pump) during'/.-1 hour at 65 T. During the addition of water Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt precipitated. After the addition of water the reaction mixture was heated to reflux (84 C) till a clear solution was obtained. Then the mixture was cooled to 20 C during 3 hrs and was stirred at this temperature for an additiona120 hrs. The solid was then filtered to give 45.Og of wet cake of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form XII. This solid was dried at 65 C for 24 hrs to give 16.7g (95%) Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form V.
KF = 2.8%-6.6%.
(Process for Purifying Atorvastatin Hemi-calcium Form V) Example 38 5.0g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Fonn V were added to a boiled aqueous solution of Ethano190% (150m1). The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. Theii it was cooled to 20 C during 1.5 hrs and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. The solid was then filtered, washed with Ethano190% (2x25m1) and dried at 65 C
for 20 hrs to give 3.4g (68%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V.
(Preparation of Known Amorphous Atorvastatin Hemi-calcium) Example 39 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (2.00 g) was stirred in acetone (14 ml) at room temperature in a closed flask for 16 h. After 2 hours, the mixture clarified.
While continuing to stir at room temperature, a solid precipitated. The acetone was decanted and the solid was collected with a spatula and transferred to a drying oven and dried at 65 C for 20 h to give amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium (1.85 g, 93%).
Example 40 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (1.00 g) was stirred in acetonitrile (20 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then sonicated for 2 min. (energy =
2.5 kJ, Amp. =50%). After decantation the acetonitrile, the solid was dried at 65 C
for 20 h to give amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium (0.71 g, 71 %).
Example 41 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1.00 g) was stirred in acetonitrile (20 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then placed into a sonicator for 2 min.
(energy =2.5 kJ, Amp. =50%). After decanting the acetonitrile, the solid was dried at for 20 h to give amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium (0.71 g, 71%).
Exan:ple 42 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium (108 g) and twenty seven 10 mm diameter stainless steel milling balls were loaded into the milling chamber of the ball mill. The chamber was weighed and the mill was balanced according to the weight. The null was operated at 500 rpm with the mill's reversing system on for 0.51u. The build-up material was scraped from the chamber walls into the bulk, and the mill was again operated for 4 hr, with cleaning of build-up every 15 min. finally, the material was separated from the balls by sieving with 300,um screen. The resulting material was analyzed by PXRD and found to be amorphous. The process was repeated using atorvastatin Forms I, V and VIII and in each instance amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium was obtained.
Having thus described the invention with reference to particular preferred embodiments and illustrated it with examples, those in the art may appreciate modifications to the invention as described and illustrated that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims which follow.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form TX and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form X and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form XI and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium denominated Form XII and novel processes for its preparation.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form R.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form N.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V.
In another aspect, the present invention provides novel processes for preparing amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium In another aspect, the invention provides compositions and dosage forms comprising atorvastatin hemi-calcium Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and their mixtures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIlVIENTS
Some crystalline forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium of the present invention exist in a solvated state and hydrated state. Hydrates have been analyzed by Karl-Fisher and thermogravimetric analysis.
Powder X-ray diffaction ("PXRD") analysis employing conventional CaKa, radiation was performed by methods known in the art using a SCINTAG powder X-ray diffractometer model X'TRA equipped with a solid-state detector. Copper radiation of k = 1.5418 A was used. Measurement range: 2-40 degrees 20. The sample was introduced using a round standard aluminum sample holder with round zero background quartz plate in the bottom. Powdered samples were gently ground and. filled in the round cavity of the sample holder by pressing with a glass plate.
PXRD analysis using a synchrotron X-ray source was performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (diffractometer station X3B1). Samples were loosely packed into thin-walled glass capillaries. X-ray radiation was approximately 1.15 A. Since the wavelength of incident light does correspond to the wavelength most commonly used in conventional PXRD analysis, X-ray peak positions in the diffraction patterns obtained from the synchrotron source are expressed in terms of cl spacings, which are invariant with changes in wavelength of the X-radiation used to produce the pattern. The scan width was from 1 to 20 degrees 20. The resolution of the spectra is in the range of 0.01 to 0.03 degrees full width at half maximum.
The positions of well resolved peaks are accurate to within 0.003 to 0.01 degrees.
The CP/MAS "C NMR measurements were made at 125.76 MHz and were performed on a Bruker(R) DMX-500 digital FT NMR spectrometer equipped with a CP/MAS probehead and a 1-ligh Resolutioi-d1-ligh Perfonnance lH preamplifier for solids:
spin rate 5.0kHz, pulse sequence SELTICS, sample holder: Zirconia rotor 4mm diameter.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 1) with peaks at 3.5,5.1,7.7,8.2,8.7,10.0,12.5,13.8,16.2,17.2,17.9 18.3, 19.5,20.4,20.9,21.7,22.4,23.2,24. 3,25.5 0.2 degrees two-theta. I'he most characteristic peak is observed at 19.5 0.2 degrees two-theta. The PXRD
pattern of Form VI was taken using a Phylips diffractometer similar to the SCINTAG
instrutnentation described above.
Atorvastatin heini-calcium Form VI may be obtained by dissolving any other form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Form I. in acetone and then precipitating Form VI by addition of an anti-solvent, preferably water.
Atorvastatin hem_i-calciuni Form VII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (17ig. 2) having two broad peaks, one in the range 1.8.5-21.8 and the other in the range of 21.8-25.0 degrees 20, and other additional broad peaks at 4.7, 7.8, 9.3, 12.0, 17.1, 18.2 0.2 degrees 20. Samples of Form VII may contain up to 12% water.
Form VII is readily distinguished from known forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium by the broad peaks at 7.8 and 9.3 0.2 degrees 20. For instance, Form I has peaks at 9.2, 9.5, 10.3, 10.6, 11.0 and 12.2 degrees 29 according to the information provided in U.S.
Patent No. 5,969,156. In this region, Form II has two sharp peaks at 8.5 and 9.0 degrees 20 and Form IV has one strong peak at 8.0 degrees 20. The other broad peaks in the region of 15-25 degrees 20 distinguish Form VII from all other forms. Forms I, III and IV all have sharp peaks in this region.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII may be prepared by treating atorvastatin calcium Forms I or V with ethanol, preferably absolute ethanol, at room temperature to reflux temperature for a period of from about 1 h to about 24 h, preferably 2.5-16 h. If the process is carried out in refluxing EtOH, the conversion is complete in about 2.5 h. If the process is carried out at room temperature a longer period is required.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 3) obtained using conventional CuKQ radiation having peaks at 4.8, 5:2, 5.9, 7.0, 8.0, 9.3, 9.6, 10.4, 11.9, 16.3, 17.1(broad), 17.9, 18.6, 19.2, 20.0, 20.8, 21.1, 21.6, 22.4, 22.8, 23.9, 24.7, 25.6, 26.5, 29.0 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The most characteristic peaks are at 6.9, 9.3, 9.6, 16.3, 17.1, 19.2, 20.0, 21.6, 22.4, 23,9, 24.7, 25.6, and 26.5 0.2 degrees 20. Samples of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII were found to contain up to 7% water by Karl Fisher. Form VIII is readily distinguished from Forms I-IV by its characteristic sharp peaks at 9.3 and 9.6 degrees 20.
According to the information provided in U.S. Patent No. 5,969,156, Form I has one medium peak at 6.9 and sharp peaks at 9.2, 9.5, 10.3, 10.6, 11.0 and 12.2+0.2 degrees 20. Form IV
is said to have two peaks at 8.0 and 9.7 degrees 20. Form II is said to have in this region two sharp peaks at 8.5 and 9.0 degrees 20. Form III has in this region one strong sharp peak at 8.7 degrees 20 according to the information provided in U.S. Patent No. 6,121,461.
The features are not observed in the Form VIII PXRD pattern. Further, there is in the PXRD
pattern of Form VIII one sharp, medium intensity peak at 7.0 which is well distinguished from other peaks in the region. A comparison of the PXRD pattem of Form VIII
with the pattems of Forms I-N reveals that this feature of the Form VIII pattern is distinctive.
Other peaks in the Form VIII pattern that are unique to this form are the two strong and sharp peaks at 19.2 and 20.0 degrees 20. In this region, Form I has sharp peaks at 21.6, 22.7, 23.3 and 23.7 degrees 20 according to the information provided in the '156 patent. Form N is said to have peaks at 18.4 and 19.6 degrees 20, while Form II has two main peaks at 17.0 and 20.5 and Form III has peaks at 17.7, 18.2, 18.9, 20.0 and 20.3 0.2 degrees 20.
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction analysis was performed on Form VIII to determine its crystal system and unit cell dimensions. Form VIII has a monoclinic unit cell with lattice dimensions: a = 18.55-18.7 A, b = 5.52-5.53 A, c = 31.0-31.2 A and angle P between the a and c axes of 97.5-99.5 . The unit cell parameters were determined using the Le Bail method.
The diffractogram of Fig. 4 obtained using a synchrotron X-ray source has many sharp well resolved peaks. The d-spacings of some of the more prominent peaks are listed in Table 1, along with the positions in units of two-theta that the peaks would have using GuICQ radiation of 1.5418A..
Table 1 d(A) 20' 30.81 2.87 18.46 4.79 16.96 5.21 15.39 5.74 14.90 5.93 12.78 6.92 11.05 8.00 9.58 9.23 9.22 9.59 7.42 11.93 6.15 14.40 5.43 16.32 4.62 19.21 4.44 20.00 3.98 22.34 ' caIculated trom d for Cu1c, radiatfai : A
Because of the natural variation between independent samples and measurements, the peak positions may deviate from the reported positions by as much as 0.5%
of the d values. There may be larger shifts if the material undergoes size reduction as micronization.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII produced the solid-state "C 1VMR spectrum shown in Fig. S. Form VIII is characterized by the following solid-state13C
nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts in ppm: 17.8, 20.0, 24.8, 25.2, 26.1, 40.3, 40.8, 41.5, 43.4, 44.1, 46.1, 70.8, 73.3, 114.1, 116.0, 119.5, 120.1, 121.8, 122.8, 126.6, 128.8, 129.2, 134.2 , 135.1, 137.0, 138.3, 139.8, 159.8, 166.4, 178.8, 186.5. Form VIII is characterized by a solid-state "C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts differences between the lowest ppm resonance and other resonances: 2.2, 7.0, 7.4, 8.3, 22.5, 23.0, 23.7, 25.6, 26.3, 28.3, 53.0, 55.5, 96.3, 98.2, 101.7, 102.3, 104.0, 105.0, 108.8, 111.0, 111.4, 116.4, 117.3, 119.2, 120.5, 122.0, 142.0, 148.6, 161.0 and 168.7.
The chemical shifts reported for Form VIII are averaged from spectra taken of four samples of Form VIII. Characteristic parts of the pattein are found at 24-26 ppm (aliphatic range), 119-140 ppm (aromatic range) and other regions. The shift values are accurate to within 4:0.1 ppm, except for the carbonyl peak at 178.8 ppm which has a fluctuation of f0.4 ppm.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII can exist as an ethanol solvate containing up to about 3 % ethanol by weight.
The following methods have been found suitable for generating Form VIII. This form may, however, also be accessible by empirical development and by routine modification of these procedures.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII may be obtained by slurrying atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of ethanol and water at elevated temperature, preferably about 78-80 C. The slurrying procedure may be incorporated into the last step of a process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium, which typically is generation of the hemi-calcium salt from the atorvastatin free acid or lactone by treatment with a source of calcium ion.
In such a combined procedure the salt is generated in a solvent system comprising ethanol and water. Conveniently, after precipitation of the atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt by an CA 02625277 2008-03-12 X~
~
additional amount of water, the salt may be slurried in the reaction mixture for a period of several hours, preferably from about 6 to about 16 hours to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII.
Form VIII also may be obtained starting from Form V by treating Form V with a mixture of EtOH:H20, preferably in the ratio of about 5:1 at an elevated temperature below reflux, preferably 78-80 C. An especially preferred EtOH:H20 mixture contains about 4 % by volume water in ethanoL During the heating, atorvastatin Form V
gradually dissolves and at the point of 78-80 C turbidity, with or without seeding, is observed. At this point the suspension is immediately cooled to room temperature.
Form VIII may be obtained by treating atorvastatin hemi-calcium in EtOH, preferably absolute EtOH, at elevated temperature, preferably boiling EtOH.
Under these conditions, the atorvastatin dissolves and reprecipitates. MeOH may be added at reflux.
Added MeOH may adversely affect the yield, but may improve the chemical purity of the product. Starting materials for preparing Form VIII by this process can be crystalline forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Forms I and V and mixtures thereof or amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
The quantity of EtOH or mixture thereof with water is preferably in the range of from about 10 to about 100 ml g'', more preferably about 20 to about 80 ml g'.
We have discovered that atorvastatin hemi-calcium that contains greater than 0.1 %
des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium and/or greater than 1% trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium may be purified by suspending in a solution of about 96% ethanol and about 4%
water at elevated temperature, preferably at reflux temperature. Typically, atorvastatin hemi-calcium is recovered with less than 0.07% contamination with des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium and less than 0.6% contamination with trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Form VIII also may be prepared by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium in certain 1-butanol/water and ethanol/water mixtures for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of the atorvastatin hemi-calcium to Form VIII. 1-Butanol/water mixtures should contain about 20% 1-butanol by volume at elevated temperature, preferably at reflux temperature.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattem (Fig. 5) with peaks at 4.7, 5.2, 5.7, 7.0, 7.9, 9.4, 10.2, 12.0, 17.0, 17.4, 18.2, 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5, 23.5, 24.8 (broad), 26.1, 28.7, 30.0 0.2 degrees two-theta.
The most characteristic peaks of Form IX are at 6.9, 17.0, 17.4, 18.2, 18.6, 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5 and 23.5 0.2 degrees two-theta. Form IX may contain up to 7% water. Form IX
also can exist as a butanol solvate containing up to about 5 % butanol.
Form IX is readily distinguished by its characteristic sharp peaks at 18.6, 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5, 23.5 degrees 28. For comparison, Form I has sharp peaks at 21.6, 22.7, 23.3 and 23.7 degrees 29, while Form IV has in this region sharp peaks at 18.4 and 19.6 degrees 20 and Form II has two main peaks at 17.0 and 20.5 degrees 20, according to information in the 156 patent. Form III has in this region peaks at 17.7, 18.3, 18.9, 20.0 and 20.3 degrees 20. Also, there is in the PXRD pattern of Form IX, as there is in the pattem of Form VIII, a sharp, well distinguished medium intensity peak at 7.0 degrees 20.
The crystal system and unit cell dimension of Form IX were deterniined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Form IX has a monoclinic crystal lattice with lattice dimensions: a= 18.75-18.85 A, b = 5.525-5.54 A, c= 30.9-31.15 A
and angle between the a and c axes of 96.5-97.5 .
The d-spacings of some of the more proniinent peaks in the synchrotron X-ray powder diffractogram of Fig. 7 are listed in Table 2, along with the positions in units of two-theta that the peaks would have using CuK. radiation.
Table 2 d(A) 20%
30.86 2.86 18.67 4.73 16.91 5.23 15.17 5.83 12.66 6.98 11.20 7.89 9.50 9.31 9.28 9.53 8.63 10.25 7.69 11.51 7.38 11.99 6.51 13.60 5.45 16.26 5.26 16.86 5.20 17.05 5.12 17.32 4.87 18.22 4.76 18.64 4.63 19.17 4.47 19.86 4.14 21.46 4.08 21.78 3.78 23.54 3.73 23.86 3.62 24.59 3.58 24.87 ' Calculated from d for CuIC. radiation Because of the natural variation between independent samples and measurements, the peak positions may deviate from the reported positions by as much as 0.5%
of the d values. There may be larger shifts if the material undergoes size reduction as micronization.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX produced the solid-state13C NMR spectrum shown in Fig. 8. Form IX is characterized by the following solid-state 13C
nuclear resonance chemical shifts in ppm: 18.0, 20.4, 24.9, 26.1, 40.4, 46.4, 71.0, 73.4, 114.3, 116.0,119.5, 120.2, 121.7,122.8,126.7,128.6, 129.4, 134.3,135.1, 136.8, 138.3, 139.4, 159.9, 166.3, 178.4, 186.6. Form IX is characterized by a solid-state 13C
nuclear resonance having the following chemical shifts differences between the lowest ppm resonance and other resonances: 2.4, 6.9, 8.1, 22.4, 28.4, 53.0, 55.4, 96.3, 98.0, 101.5, 102.2, 103.7, 104.8, 108.7, 110.6, 111.4, 116.3, 117.1, 118.8, 120.3, 121.4, 141.9, 148.3, 160.4, 168.6. Characteristic parts of the pattern are found at 24-26 ppm (aliphatic range), 119-140 ppm (aromatic range) and other regions. The chemical shifts of Form IX
are an average taken from spectra on two samples of Form IX. The shift values are accurate to within 0.1 ppm.
Form IX may be prepared by the following processes though this form may be accessed by empirical development and by routine modification of these procedures.
Atorvastatin hemi-oalcium Form IX may be prepared by slurrying atorvastatin hemi-calcium in butanol and isolating Form IX by, for example, filtration or decantation of the butanol, preferably by filtration. Preferred temperature ranges for the slurrying are from 78 C to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Recovery of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt from the slurry can be enhanced by addition of an anti-solvent to the slurry before isolating Form IX. Preferred anti-solvents include isopropanol and n-hexane.
Starting materials for preparing Form IX by this process can be crystalline or amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Forms I and V and mixtures thereof.
Form IX may be prepared by suspending Form VIII in ethanol, preferably absolute ethanol, at room temperature for a period of time sufficient to convert form VIII to Form IX, which may range from a few hours to 24 hours and typically requires about 16 hours.
Thereafter Form IX is recovered from the suspension. Form IX also may be prepared by maintaining Form VIII under a humid atmosphere.
Form IX also may be prepared by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V
in mixtures of 1-butanol and either ethanol or water at reflux temperature for a period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IX and recovering Form DC from the suspension. Preferably the mixtures contain about 50 volume percent of each component.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X is characterized by a powder X-ray difi'raction pattem (Fig. 7) having peaks at 4.8, 5.3, 5.9, 9.6, 10.3, 11.5, 12.0, a double peak at 16.1 and 16.3, 16.9, 17.4,18.2,19.2, 19.4, 20.0, 20.8, 21.6, 22.0, 22.8, 23.6, 24.6, 25.0, 25.5, 26.2, 26.8, 27.4, 28.0, 30.3 0.2 degrees 20. The most characteristic peaks are two peaks ' ~ ~ - -- ~
at 20.0 and 20.8:L-0.2 degrees 20 and other peaks at 19.1, 19.4, 22.8, 23.6, 25.0, 28.0, 30.310.2 degrees 28. Form X contains up to 2% ethanol and may contain up to 4%
water.
Form X is distinguished from that of Form IV by having characteristic peaks at 7.0, 19.9, 20.7, 24.1, 25.0, 28.0 and 30.3 0.2 degrees 20. These features are clearly distinguished from those appearing the corresponding regions of the PXRD
patterns of Forms I-N which have been previously described.
The crystal system and unit cell dimension of Form X were determined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction analysis. Form X has a monoclinic crystal lattice with lattice dimensions: a = 18.55-18.65 A, b= 5.52-5.53 A, c= 30.7-30.85 A
and angle between the a and c axes of 95.7-96.7 .
The d-spacings of some of the more prominent peaks in the synchrotron X-ray powder diffractogram of Fig.10 are listed in Table 3, along with the positions in units of two-theta that the peaks would have using CuK radiation.
TM~ ~
WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 Table 3 d(A) 20' 30.63 2.88 18.49 4.78 16.66 5.30 15.12 5.85 12.49 7.08 11.19 7.90 10.20 8.67 9.38 9.43 9.24 9.57 9.13 9.69 8.58 10.31 7.64 11.58 7.36 12.02 7.26 12.19 6.81 13.00 6.50 13.62 6.16 14.38 5.91 14.99 5.24 16.92 5.19 -17.08 5.06 17.53 4.86 18.25 4.74 18.72 4.65 19.09 4.61 19.25 4.56 19.47 4.12 21.57 4.10 21.95 3.93 22.62 3.90 22.80 3.77 23.60 ' Calcutatad from d for CuK, radiatiwi Because of the natural variation between independent samples and measurements, the peak positions may deviate from the reported positions by as much as 0.5%.
There may be larger shifts if the material undergoes size reduction as micronization.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X produced the solid-state "C NMR spectrum shown in Fig. 11. Form X is characterized by the following solid-state 13 C
nuclear resonance chemical shifts in ppm: 17.7, 18.7, 19.6, 20.6, 24.9, 43.4, 63.1, 66.2, 67.5, WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 71.1, 115.9, 119.5, 122.4, 126.7, 128.9, 134.5, 138.0, 159.4, 166.2, 179.3, 181.1, 184.3, 186.1. Form X is characterized by a solid-state "C nuclear magnetic resonance having the following chemical shifts differences between the lowest ppm resonance and other resonances: 1.0, 1.9, 2.9, 7.2, 25.7, 45.4, 48.5, 49.8, 53.4, 98.2, 101.8, 104.7, 109.0, 111.2, 116.8, 120.3, 141.7, 148.5, 161.6,163.4, 166.6, 168.4. Characteristic parts of the pattem are found at 24-26 ppm (aliphatic range), 119-140 ppm (aromatic range) and other regions. The chemical shifts of Fonn X are averaged from three spectra taken of three samples of Form X. The values reported are within f0.1 ppm, except for the carbonyl peak at 179. 3 ppm that is accurate within f0.4 ppm.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X may be prepared by treating crystalline atorvastatin hemi-calcium, preferably Form V or Form I or mixtures thereof, or amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium with a mixture of ethanol and water, preferably in a ratio of about 5:1, at elevated temperature, preferably at reflux temperature, for a period of from about half an hour to a few hours, preferably about I h. The starting material may be added to the EtOH:water mixture at room temperature, followed by gradual heating of the suspension to reflux. Altematively, the starting form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium may be added to the refluxing solvent mixture. In either case, the atorvastatin hemi-calcium should be observed to dissolve in the mixture and then reprecipitate in Form X.
The ratio of atorvastatin hemi-calcium to the EtOH:water mixture preferably ranges from about 1:16 to about 1:25 (g:ml), more preferably from about 1:16 to about 1:21 (g:ml) and most preferably about 1:16 (g:ml). Form X may be collected by filtration shortly after cooling to room temperature or the suspension may be stirred for an addition period of from about I to about 20 hours, more preferably from about 3 to about 16 hours, before collecting the Form X.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 9) having peaks at 3.2, 3.7, 5.1, 6.3, 7.8, 8.6, 9.8, 11.2, 11.8, 12.4, 15.4, 18.7,19.9, 20.5, 24.0 f0.2 degrees two-theta.
Form XI may be obtained by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in methyl ethyl ketone ("MEK") at room temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of Form V into Form M.
Form XI also may be obtained by preparing a gel containing atorvastatin hemi-calcium in isopropyl alcohol and then drying the gel. The gel is best prepared by saturating isopropyl alcohol with atorvastatin henu-calcium at reflux temperature and then cooling to room temperature. Extensive stirring at room temperature, as long as or more than 20 h, may be required in order for the gel to form. In the gel state, the solution is detectably more resistant to stin-ing and does not pour smoothly. The gel remains flowable in the sense that it can be stirred if sufficient force is applied and would not tear under such force.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffiaction pattern having peaks at 2.7, 8.0, 8.4, 11.8, 18.2, 19.0, 19.8, 20.7 4:0,2 degrees two-theta, and a halo that indicates the presence of amorphous material.
Typical X-ray powder diffraction patterns of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII are shown in Fig. 10.
Form XII may be prepared directly from the following compound o oX0 0 F
whose systematic chemical name is [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-O, S-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester, and which will hereafter be referred to as pyrrole acetonide ester or PAE.
Form XII is prepared by first subjecting PAE to conditions that cleave the acetonide and tert-butyl ester group. Prefered conditions employ aqueous hydrochloric acid, more preferably about 1.5% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The solution of atorvastatin, in either free acid or lactone fonn, or mixture thereof, is then treated with calcium hydroxide, preferably a modest excess thereof, more preferably about 1.5 equivalents with respect to the PAE.
After association of the atorvastatin with dissolved calcium derived from the added hydroxide salt, any excess calcium hydroxide may be separated by filtration.
One important feature of this process is the subsequent manipulation of the filtrate. Water is slowly added to the reaction mixture at mildly elevated temperature, preferably about 65 C, until atorvastatin hemi-calcium precipitates. At that point the temperature is increased until a clear solution is once again attained. The mixture is then allowed to cool resulting in the precipitation of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. The isolated precipitate is atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII.
The present invention also provides novel processes for preparing known forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Form I may be obtained by treating any form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium with water at room temperature to 100 C for a period between a few to about 25 hours, preferably about 16 hours. Preferred starting materials are Forms V, VII, VIII, IX and X
of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Form I also may be prepared by sonicating a suspension of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol, preferably absolute ethanol or in water, at between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent for a period of a few minutes.
Preferably between 1 and 3 minutes. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII is a preferred starting material though other forms may be used as well.
Form II inay be prepared directly from [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4fluorophenyl)-O, 8-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3 phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (PAE) according to Example 31.
Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IV may be prepared by suspending Form I or Form V in 1-butanol for a period of time sufficient to complete the conversion of Form I or Form V to Form IV and then isolating Form IV from the mixture. The conversion may require a prolonged period depending on temperature and other conditions. The conversion typically takes about 24-72 hours at room temperature.
Form IV also niay be obtained by suspending Form V in EtOH/H20 at 50 C
for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of Form V to Form IV
and then recovering Form N from the suspensions. Prefered EtOH/H2O mixtures contain about.15% H20.
Form N also may be obtained by suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in methanol for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion of Form V to Form N. The rate of conversion is sensitive to temperature and may take from about 1 to about 25 hours under typical laboratory conditions. The conversion requires about 16 hours, at room temperature. The conversion may be conducted at elevated temperature up to the reflux temperature of the solvent.
Form V may be prepared from PAE according to the process described with reference to the preparation of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII. Form V may be obtained by drying Form XII at about 65 C for about 24 hours. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V
obtained in this manner is of high purity. However, it may be further purified by suspending in a mixture of about 10% water and about 90% ethanol and recovering Form V from the mixture in greater purity.
Amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium may be prepared by treating any other form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium with acetone at room temperature to reflux temperature for between a few hours and 25 hours, preferably about 16 hours. A preferred starting material is Form V.
Amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium also may be prepared by sonicating any form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in acetonitrile at any temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of acetonitrile. Sonicating for a few minutes, preferably from 1 to 3 minutes, is sufficient to transform the starting material into amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
Preferred starting forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium are Forms VII and I.
Amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium also may be prepared by ball milling of any crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
A further aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition and dosage form containing the novel forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
The compositions of the invention include powders, granulates, aggregates and other solid compositions comprising novel Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. In an aspect of the present invention, Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII of atorvastatin hemi-calcium have a narrow particle size distribution. In an embodiment of the invention, all of the particle sizes are 100 microns or less in diameter. In yet another embodiment, all of the particle sizes are 50 microns or less in diameter. In addition, Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII solid compositions that are contemplated by the present invention may further include diluents, such as cellulose-derived materials like powdered cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, microfine cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose salts and other substituted and unsubstituted celluloses; starch;
pregelatinized starch; inorganic diluents like calcium carbonate and calcium diphosphate and other diluents known to the pharmaceutical industry. Yet other suitable diluents include waxes, sugars and sugar alcohols like mannitol and sorbitol, acrylate polymers and copolymers, as well as pectin, dextrin and gelatin.
Further excipients that are within the contemplation of the present invention include binders, such as acacia gum, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, glucose and other binders used in wet and dry granulation and direct compression tableting processes. Excipients that also may be present in a solid composition of Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII atorvastatin hemi-calcium further include disintegrants like sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and others. In addition, excipients may include tableting lubricants like magnesium and calcium stearate and sodium stearyl fumarate; flavorings; sweeteners;
preservatives; pharmaceutically acceptable dyes and glidants such as silicon dioxide.
The dosages include dosages suitable for oral, buccal, rectal, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous), inhalant and ophthalmic administration. Although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the nature and severity of the condition being treated, the most preferred route of the present invention is oral. The Dosages may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy.
Dosage forms include solid dosage forms, like tablets, powders, capsules, suppositories, sachets, troches and losenges as well as liquid suspensions and elixirs.
While the description is not intended to be limiting, the invention is also not intended to pertain to true solutions of atorvastatin hemi-calcium whereupon the properties that distinguish the solid forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium are lost. However, the use of the novel forms to prepare such solutions (e.g. so as to deliver, in addition to atorvastatin, a solvate to said solution in a certain ratio with a solvate) is considered to be within the contemplation of the invention.
Capsule dosages, of course, will contain the solid composition within a capsule which may be made of gelatin or other conventional encapsulating material.
Tablets WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 and powders may be coated. Tablets and powders may be coated with an enteric coating. The enteric coated powder forms may have coatings comprising phthalic acid cellulose acetate, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose phthalate, polyvinyl alcohol phthalate, carboxymethylethylcellulose, a copolymer of styrene and maleic acid, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate, and like materials, and if desired, they may be employed with suitable plasticizers and/or extending agents. A
coated tablet may have a coating on the surface of the tablet or may be a tablet comprising a powder or granules with an enteric-coating.
Prefen-ed unit dosages of the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention typically contain from 0.5 to 100 mg of the novel atorvastatin hemi-calcium Forms VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI and XII or mixtures thereof with each other or other forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium. More usually, the combined weight of the atorvastatin hemi-calcium forms of a unit dosage are from 2.5 mg. to 80 mg.
Having thus described the various aspects of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to be limiting in any way.
EXAMPLES
General Absolute ethanol containing less than 0.2 % water was purchased from Biolabl. Other reagents were reagent grade and were used as received.
Ball milling was performed using a Retsch centrifugal ball-mill S-100 equipped with a 250 ml stainless steal milling chamber and twenty seven 10 mm diameter stainless steal balls as milling media.
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form VI) Example Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was dissolved in acetone (9 ml) at room temperature and stirred for 2.5 hours. Then, water (8.5 ml) was added to get a precipitation and the mixture was then stirred for another 2.5 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C for 5 hrs to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI (0.88 g, 88%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form VU) E.rample 2 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) was stirrefl in absolute EtOH (400 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (40 mg, 40%).
Example Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(75 mg) was stirred in absolute EtOH (30 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (0.60 g, 80%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form VIII) Example 4 To a flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer 1.0 g(1.59x10'j mole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-0,6-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester were put in suspension in a 90% aqueous solution of acetic acid (10 ml). The reaction ntixture was heated to 50 C for three hours and then stured at room temperature until the reaction was complete as determined by HPLC. The solvent was evaporated and the traces of acetic acid were removed by azeotropic distillation with toluene (3x100 ml) to obtain an oil with some toluene. This oil was dissolved in EtOH (10 ml) and water (2 ml). Then 5.5eq (8.4x10-3 mole, 622 mg) of Ca(OH)~ and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (5%, 0.05 g) were added. The reaction mixture was heated at 50 C for 5 hours until the reaction was complete according to HPLC. Then a hot filtration was done under vacuum to remove the excess of Ca(OH)2. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature. To this solution water (50 ml) was added while stirring.
~ .~
The white precipitate was stirred at RT ovemight, filtered under vacuum and dried at 65 C for 18 hours to give 145 mg (16%) of atorvastatin henii-calcium salt Form VIII.
Example 5 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in absolute EtOH (80 ml), under reflux, for 24 hrs. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (0.85 g, 85%).
Example 6 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was poured in boiling absolute EtOH
(40 ml). The compound began first to get soluble and then precipitate again.
To this mixture was added MeOH (20 ml). The white solid was then filtered and dried at for 20 hrs in a vacuum oven to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (188 mg, 19%).
Example 7 A suspension of 1.Og of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V in 1-Butanol (4m1) and HZO (16m1) was heated to reflux temperature for 1 hr. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for additiona116 hrs. The solid was filtered and dried at 50 C in a vacuum oven for 16 hrs to give 0.9g (91 %) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form VIII.
Example 8 5.Og of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V were added to a boiled solution of Ethano196% (150m1). The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. Then it was cooled to 20 C during 1.5 hrs, and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs.
The solid was filtered, washed with Ethano196% (2x25m1) and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 4.4g (88%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form VIII. During this process chemical purification occurs, so this process is good also for purification.
WO 02/43732 PCT/L'S01/44636 Example 9 5.0 g of Atorvastatin hemi calcium salt Form V, with a level of 0.12% of Des-fluoro Atorvastatin, were added to a boiled solution of Ethanol 96% (150m1).
The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. Then it was cooled to 20 C during 1.5 hrs and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. The solid was filtered, washed with Ethanol 96% (2x25m1) and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 4.4g (88%) of Atorvastatin hemi calcium salt with a level of 0.06% of Des-fluoro Atorvastatin.
Atorvastatin is obtained in Form VIII by this procedure.
Example 10 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (5 g) in absolute EtOH (35 ml) was refluxed for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 16 h. Absolute ethanol (15 ml) was then added and the suspension was filtered and the collected solids were dried at 65 C for 20 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (4.7 g, 94%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcinm Form IX) Example 11 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in 1-butanol (20 ml) under reflux for 30 minutes. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature.
The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C under vacuum for 20 hrs to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form DC (0.94 g, 94%). KF = 0.9.
Exaniple 12 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in I-butanol (20 ml) under reflux for 30 minute. Then n-hexane (40 ml) was added for fiuther precipitation and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C in a vacuum oven for 20 hrs to yield atorvastatin Form IX (0.96 g, 96%).
Exan~le 13 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1 g) was slurried in 1-butanol (20 ml) under reflux for 30 minute. Then, IPA (40 ml) was added for further precipitation and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C for 20 hrs in a vacuum oven to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX (0.94 g, 94%) containing 0.9% water by Karl Fisher analysis.
E.xamnle 14 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (800 mg) was stirred in absolute EtOH
(320 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX (630 mg, 79%).
Example 15 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (2.00 g) and 1-butanol (40 ml) was refluxed at 118 C for half an hour. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 3 hours. The solid was then collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX
(1.83 g, 92%).
Example 16 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII was stored under 100% relative humidity at room temperature for nine days. The resulting solid was identified as Form IX by powder X-ray diffraction analysis.
Example 17 1g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form V in 1-BuOH (lOml) and H20 (10m1) was heated to reflux for I h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. Filtration and drying at 65 C for 24hrs gave 0.79g (79%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form IX.
WO 02143732 PCT/'US01l44636 Exrunple 18 1g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form V in 1-BuOH (lOml) and EtOH
(10ml) was heated to reflux for 1 h. The mixture was then cooled to room teniperature and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. Filtration and drying at 65 C for 24 hrs gave 0.98g (98%) of Atorvastatin. hemi-calcium salt form IX.
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form X) Exarnple 19 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (10.00 g) was suspended in a mixture of EtOH (135 ml) and water (24 ml) and heated to reflux for 1 h. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred for an addition 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X
(8.26 g, 83%).
Example 20 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) in a mixture of EtOH (9 ml) and water (1.6 ml) was refluxed for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then stirred an additional 3 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C
for 24 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X (0.80 g, 80%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form XI) Example 21 1.0g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V was stirred in Methylethyl ketone ("MEK") (5m1) at room temperature for 24 brs. The solid was then filtered, washed with MEK (2m1) and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 0.5g (50%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form M.
Example 22 A suspension of 1.0g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Fonn V in Iso-propyl alcohol ("IPA") (7 ml) was heated to reflux temperature for 1 hr. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and stirred at this temperature for additional 20 hrs.
A gelatinous product was obtained. After addition of IPA (3m1) the gel was filtered and dried at 65 C for 20 hrs to give 0.8g (80%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form XI.
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form XII) Example 23 To a cylindrical reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus and a mechanical stirrer, 20g (30.6mmole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-[i, 6-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (=pyrrole acetonide ester =PAE) were put in suspension in ~ml of absolute Ethanol and 50m1 of aqueous 1.5% Hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 C for 9-11 hrs, while a continuous distillation of a mixture of Ethanol, Acetone and water, under reduced pressure (500-600mbar), was performed. Make-up of absolute Ethanol was done every hour (35-40m1.). After 9-hours there was a reduction in the level of PAE to below 0.1 1% (accordinto HPLC).
Without any further treatment, Ca(OH)Z (1.5eq., 3.4g) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 C for 4-5 hrs. Then the excess of Ca(OH)Z was collected by filtration. To the hot filtrate (65 C), 350m1 of water were added slowly (using a dosing pump) during'/.-1 hour at 65 C. During the addition of water Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt precipitated. After the addition of water the reaction mixture was heated to reflux (84 C) till a clear solution was obtained. Then the mixture was cooled to 20 C during 3 hrs and was stirred at this temperature for an additional 12-16 hrs. The solid was then filtered to give 45.Og of wet cake of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form XII.
(Preparation of Known Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form I) Example 24 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) was stirred in water (400 ml) at room teniperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(0.7 g, 70%).
Example 25 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (10.00 g) in water (100 ml) was refluxed for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional hour. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(9.64 g, 96%).
Exam ly e 26 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII (800 mg) was stirred in water (320 ml) at room temperature for 16 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C
for 24 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(350 mg, 44%).
Example 27 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X (1.0 g) was stirred in water (400 ml) at room temperature for 24 h. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(720 mg, 72%).
Examnle 28 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX (750 mg) was stured in water (300 ml) at room temperature for 24 h. The solid was collected and dried at 65 C for 20 h to give atorvastatin calcium Form I(420 mg, 56%).
WO 02/43732 PCT/USOl/44636 Example 29 Atorvastatin hemi-calciunl Form VII (1.00 g) was stirred in absolute EtOH (20 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then placed into a sonicator for 1.5 min (energy = 235 kJ, Amp. =50%) to obtain a clear solution. After addition of water (14 ml), a precipitate formed and the slurry was put in the sonicator for another 2 min.
(energy = 3.16 kJ, Amp. = 50%) which caused the slurry to gel The gel was dried at 65 C for 20 h to give atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(0.50 g, 50%).
Example 30 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (1.00 g) was stirred in water (200 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then placed into a sonicator for 2 min.
(energy =
3.0 kJ, Amp. = 50%) which caused the slurry to gel. The gel was dried at 65 C
for 20 h to yield atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(0.92 g, 92%).
(Preparation of Known Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form II) Example 31 To a cylindrical reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus and a mechanical stirrer, 20g (30.6mmole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-(3, S-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (= pyrrole acetonide ester = PAfi) were put in suspension in 135m1 of Methanol and 7.6m1 of aqueous 10% Hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to 35 C for 3 brs, while a continuous distillation of a mixture of Methanol, Acetone and water under reduced pressure (820mbar) was performed.
Make-up of Methanol was done every %z hour (35m1). After 3 hrs the level of PAE
reduced below 0.1% (according to HPLC). Without any further treatment, Ca(OH)2 (1.5eq., 3.4g), water (5ml) and Methanol (45m1) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 C for 2 hrs. Then the excess of Ca(OH)z was collected by filtration and the Ca(OH)~ cake was washed with Methanol (2xlOml). To the filtrate, 300m1 of water were added slowly (using a dosing pump) during'/. hour at 65 C. During the addition of water Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt precipitated. After the addition of WO 02/43732 PCT/L'S01/44636 water the reaction mixture was heated to reflux temperature (78 C) for %
hour. Then the mixture was cooled to 20 C during 3 hrs and was stirred at this temperature for additiona120 hrs. The solid was then filtered and dried at 65 C for 48 hrs to give 16.9g (96%) Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form H.
KF=3.2%
(Preparation of Known Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form IV) Example 32 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form I(1.0 g) was stirred in 9m1 of 1-butanol at room temperature for 24 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 50 C
in a vacuum oven for 16 hours to obtain 0.83 g (83%) of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form IV.
Example 33 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V (1.0 g) was stirred in 20 ml of 1-butanol at room temperature for 72 hours. The white solid was then filtered and dried at 65 C in an oven for 20 hours to obtain 0.82 g (82%) of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form IV.
Example 34 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form V (2.0 g) was stirred in a mixture of EtOH (18 ml) and water (3.2 ml) at 50 C for 1 hour. The precipitate was then filtered and dried at 65 C for 20 hours to obtain 1.60 g(80%) of atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt form IV.
Example 35 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (2.00 g) and methanol (20 ml) was refluxed for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for an additional 16 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 to give atorvastatin calcium Form IV (1.37 g, 56%).
WO 02/43732 PCTlUS01/44636 Exaniple 36 A mixture of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (1.00 g) in methanol (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The solid was collected by filtration and dried at 65 C for 24 hours to give atorvastatin hemi-calciuni Foim IV
(0.25 g, 25%).
(Preparation of Atorvastatin Hemi-Calcium Form V) Example 37 To a cylindrical reactor equipped with a distillation apparatus and a .10 mechanical stirrer, 20g (30.6mmole) of [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-P, S-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4[(phenylamino)carb onyl] -1 H-pyrrole-l-tert-butylheptanoic ester (=pyrrole acetonide ester =PAE) were put in suspension in ml of absolute Ethanol and 50m1 of aqueous 1.5% Hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was heated to 40 C for 9-11 hrs, while a continuous distillation of a mixture of Ethanol, Acetone and water, under reduced pressure (500-600mbar), was performed. Make-up of absolute Ethanol was done every hour (35-40m1.). After 9-hours there was a reduction in the level of PAE to below 0.1% (according to HPLC).
Without any further treatment, Ca(OH)2 (1.5eq., 3.4g) were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 70 C for 4-5 hrs. Then the excess of Ca(OH)z was collected by filtration. To the hot filtrate (65 C), 350m1 of water were added slowly (using a dosing pump) during'/.-1 hour at 65 T. During the addition of water Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt precipitated. After the addition of water the reaction mixture was heated to reflux (84 C) till a clear solution was obtained. Then the mixture was cooled to 20 C during 3 hrs and was stirred at this temperature for an additiona120 hrs. The solid was then filtered to give 45.Og of wet cake of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form XII. This solid was dried at 65 C for 24 hrs to give 16.7g (95%) Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt crystal form V.
KF = 2.8%-6.6%.
(Process for Purifying Atorvastatin Hemi-calcium Form V) Example 38 5.0g of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Fonn V were added to a boiled aqueous solution of Ethano190% (150m1). The mixture was refluxed for 2.5 hrs. Theii it was cooled to 20 C during 1.5 hrs and stirred at this temperature for additional 16 hrs. The solid was then filtered, washed with Ethano190% (2x25m1) and dried at 65 C
for 20 hrs to give 3.4g (68%) of Atorvastatin hemi-calcium salt Form V.
(Preparation of Known Amorphous Atorvastatin Hemi-calcium) Example 39 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V (2.00 g) was stirred in acetone (14 ml) at room temperature in a closed flask for 16 h. After 2 hours, the mixture clarified.
While continuing to stir at room temperature, a solid precipitated. The acetone was decanted and the solid was collected with a spatula and transferred to a drying oven and dried at 65 C for 20 h to give amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium (1.85 g, 93%).
Example 40 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VII (1.00 g) was stirred in acetonitrile (20 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then sonicated for 2 min. (energy =
2.5 kJ, Amp. =50%). After decantation the acetonitrile, the solid was dried at 65 C
for 20 h to give amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium (0.71 g, 71 %).
Example 41 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I(1.00 g) was stirred in acetonitrile (20 ml) at room temperature. The slurry was then placed into a sonicator for 2 min.
(energy =2.5 kJ, Amp. =50%). After decanting the acetonitrile, the solid was dried at for 20 h to give amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium (0.71 g, 71%).
Exan:ple 42 Atorvastatin hemi-calcium (108 g) and twenty seven 10 mm diameter stainless steel milling balls were loaded into the milling chamber of the ball mill. The chamber was weighed and the mill was balanced according to the weight. The null was operated at 500 rpm with the mill's reversing system on for 0.51u. The build-up material was scraped from the chamber walls into the bulk, and the mill was again operated for 4 hr, with cleaning of build-up every 15 min. finally, the material was separated from the balls by sieving with 300,um screen. The resulting material was analyzed by PXRD and found to be amorphous. The process was repeated using atorvastatin Forms I, V and VIII and in each instance amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium was obtained.
Having thus described the invention with reference to particular preferred embodiments and illustrated it with examples, those in the art may appreciate modifications to the invention as described and illustrated that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims which follow.
Claims (107)
1. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI and solvates thereof characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 8.7, 10.0, 12.5, 17.9, 19.5, 20.9, 22.4~0.2 degrees 2.theta..
2. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI and solvates thereof of claim 1 further characterized by having peaks at 7.7, 8.2, 13.8, 20.4, 21.7, 23.2, 25.5~0.2 degrees 2.theta. in its powder X-ray diffraction pattern.
3. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI and solvates thereof of claim 1 having a powder X- ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in figure 1.
4. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI and solvates thereof of claim 2 having a narrow particle size distribution.
5. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI and solvates thereof of claim 4 wherein all of the particles are 100 microns or less in diameter.
6. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI and solvates thereof of claim 5 wherein all of the particles are 50 microns or less in diameter.
7. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI comprising the steps of:
a) solubilizing any other crystalline or amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in acetone, b) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI by addition of an anti-solvent, and c) separating the solid crystalline Form VI.
a) solubilizing any other crystalline or amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in acetone, b) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI by addition of an anti-solvent, and c) separating the solid crystalline Form VI.
8. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing less than 0.1 % des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium comprising suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium that contains greater than 0.1 % des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of about 96% ethanol and about 4% water and recovering atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing less than 0.1 % des-fluoro atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
9. The process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium of claim 8 wherein the atorvastatin is recovered containing less than 0.07% des-fluoro atorvastatin.
10. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing less than 1%
trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium comprising suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium that contains greater than 1%
trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of about 96% ethanol and about 4%
water and recovering atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing less than 1% trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium comprising suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium that contains greater than 1%
trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of about 96% ethanol and about 4%
water and recovering atorvastatin hemi-calcium containing less than 1% trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
11. The process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium of claim 10 wherein the atorvastatin hemi-calcium is recovered containing less than 0.6% trans atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
12. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof characterized by its powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 19.1, 19.9, 21.4, 22.5, 23.5~0.2 degrees 2.theta..
13. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 12 further characterized by its powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 6.9, 17.0, 17.4, 18.2, 18.6~0.2 degrees two-theta.
14. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 12 having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in figure 6.
15. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 12 containing up to 7%
water.
water.
16. An atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX hydrate of claim 12 containing from about one to about four moles of water.
17. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 12 having a narrow particle size distribution.
18. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 12 wherein all of the particles are 100 microns or less in diameter.
19. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 18 wherein all of the particles are 50 microns or less in diameter.
20. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof with d-spacings of about 30.86, 18.67, 16.91, 15.17, 12.66, 11.20, 9.50, 9.28, 8.63, 7.69, 7.38, 6.51, 5.45, 5.26, 5.20, 5.12, 4.87, 4.76, 4.63, 4.47, 4.14, 4.08, 3.78, 3.73, 3.62, and 3.58 angstroms.
21. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 20 that produce a high resolution X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as shown in figure 7 when irradiated with X-rays with a wavelength of about 1.15 angstroms.
22. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 20 having monoclinic unit cell with the following unit cell parameters: a= 18.75-18.85 .ANG., b=
5.525-5.54 .ANG., c= 30.9-31.15 .ANG. and .beta. = 96.5 to 97.5°.
5.525-5.54 .ANG., c= 30.9-31.15 .ANG. and .beta. = 96.5 to 97.5°.
23. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof further characterized by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonances at 24.9, 26.1, 119.5, 120.2, 121.7, 122.8, 126.7, 128.6, 129.4, 134.3, 135.1, 136.8, 138.3 and 139.4 parts per million.
24. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 23 characterized by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonances at 18.0, 20.4, 24.9, 26.1, 40.4, 46.4, 71.0, 73.4, 114.3, 116.0, 119.5, 120.2, 121.7, 122.8, 126.7, 128.6, 129.4, 134.3, 135.1, 136.8, 138.3, 139.4, 159.9, 166.3, 178.4 and 186.6 parts per million.
25. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 23 having the following chemical shift differences between the lowest resonance and other resonances:
2.4, 6.9, 8.1, 22.4, 28.4, 53.0, 55.4, 96.3, 98.0, 101.5, 102.2, 103.7, 104.8, 108.7, 110.6, 111.4, 116.3, 117.1, 118.8, 120.3, 121.4, 141.9, 148.3, 160.4 and 168.6 parts per million
2.4, 6.9, 8.1, 22.4, 28.4, 53.0, 55.4, 96.3, 98.0, 101.5, 102.2, 103.7, 104.8, 108.7, 110.6, 111.4, 116.3, 117.1, 118.8, 120.3, 121.4, 141.9, 148.3, 160.4 and 168.6 parts per million
26. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and hydrates thereof of claim 23 having a solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum substantially as depicted in figure 8.
27. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX butanolate.
28. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX containing up to about 5% butanol.
29. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX and solvates thereof comprising the steps of :
a) suspending any other crystalline or amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in 1-butanol for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form to Form IX
and b) recovering Form IX from the suspension.
a) suspending any other crystalline or amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in 1-butanol for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form to Form IX
and b) recovering Form IX from the suspension.
30. The process of claim 29 wherein the other form is Form I.
31. The process of claim 29 wherein the other form is Form V.
32. The process of claim 29 wherein the temperature of the suspension is elevated to the reflux temperature of 1-butanol before recovering Form IX from the suspension.
33. The process of claim 29 wherein the time sufficient to convert the other form to Form IX is about half an hour or less.
34. The process of claim 29 further comprising the step of adding an anti-solvent to the suspension before recovering Form IX in order to increase the amount of Form IX recovered from the suspension.
35. The process of claim 34 wherein the anti-solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-hexane, isopropanol and water.
36. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX from Form VIII
by exposing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII to an atmosphere of from about 80% to about 100%
relative humidity.
by exposing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII to an atmosphere of from about 80% to about 100%
relative humidity.
37. The process of claim 36 wherein the Form VIII is exposed to the humid atmosphere for about 9 days or less.
38. The process of claim 36 wherein the Form VIII is exposed to the humid atmosphere at room temperature.
39. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IX comprising the steps of:
a) suspending Form VIII atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form IX and b) recovering Form IX from the suspension.
a) suspending Form VIII atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form IX and b) recovering Form IX from the suspension.
40. The process of claim 39 wherein the ethanol contains about 0.5% or less water.
41. The process of claim 40 wherein the ethanol contains about 0.2% or less water.
42. The process of claim 39 wherein the temperature of the suspension is maintained at about room temperature over the time period in which the other form is converted into Form IX.
43. The process of claim 39 wherein the time period sufficient to convert the other form into Form IX is about 16 hours.
44. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having sharp peaks at 19.1 and 19.4 ~0.2 degrees 2.theta.
and other peaks at 20.0 and 20.8~0.2 degrees 2.theta..
and other peaks at 20.0 and 20.8~0.2 degrees 2.theta..
45. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 44 further characterized by having peaks at 222.8, 23.6 and 25.0 ~0.2 degrees 2.theta. in its powder X-ray diffraction pattern.
46. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 44 having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in figure 9.
47. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 44 containing up to about 5% water.
48. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 44 containing one to three moles of water.
49. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof containing up to about 2% ethanol.
50. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 44 having a narrow particle size distribution.
51. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 50 wherein all of the particles are 100 microns or less in diameter.
52. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 51 wherein all of the particles are 50 microns or less in diameter.
53. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof with d-spacings of about 30.63, 18.49, 16.66, 15.12, 12.49, 11.19, 10.20, 9.38, 9.24, 9.13, 8.58, 7.64, 7.36, 7.26, 6.81, 6.50, 6.16, 5.91, 5.24, 5.19, 5.06, 4.86, 4.74, 4.65, 4.61, 4.56, 4.12, 4.05, 3.93, 3.90, and 3.77 angstroms.
54. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 53 that produce a high resolution X-ray powder diffraction pattern substantially as shown in figure 10 when irradiated with X-rays with a wavelength of about 1.15 angstroms.
55. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 53 having a monoclinic unit cell with the following unit cell parameters: a = 18.55-18.65 .ANG., b =
5.52-5.53 .ANG., c= 30.7-30.85.ANG. and .beta. 3=95.7 to 96.7°.
5.52-5.53 .ANG., c= 30.7-30.85.ANG. and .beta. 3=95.7 to 96.7°.
56. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof further characterized by solid-state 13C
nuclear magnetic resonances at 24.9,119.5, 122.4, 126.7, 128.9, 134.5, 138.0, 159.4 and 166.2 parts per million.
nuclear magnetic resonances at 24.9,119.5, 122.4, 126.7, 128.9, 134.5, 138.0, 159.4 and 166.2 parts per million.
57. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 56 characterized by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonances at 17.7, 18.7, 19.6, 20.6, 24.9, 43.4, 63.1, 66.2, 67.5, 71.1, 115.9, 119.5, 122.4, 126.7, 128.9, 134.5, 138.0, 159.4, 166.2, 179.3, 181.1, 184.3 and 186.1 parts per million.
58. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 56 having the following chemical shift differences between the lowest resonance and other resonances:
1.0, 1.9, 2.9, 7.2, 25.7, 45.4, 48.5, 49.8, 53.4, 98.2, 101.8, 104.7, 109.0, 111.2, 116.8, 120.3, 141.7, 148.5, 161.6, 163.4, 166.6 and 168.4 parts per million.
1.0, 1.9, 2.9, 7.2, 25.7, 45.4, 48.5, 49.8, 53.4, 98.2, 101.8, 104.7, 109.0, 111.2, 116.8, 120.3, 141.7, 148.5, 161.6, 163.4, 166.6 and 168.4 parts per million.
59. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X and solvates thereof of claim 56 having a solid state 13C
nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum substantially as depicted in figure 11.
nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum substantially as depicted in figure 11.
60. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form X comprising the steps of:
a) suspending any other crystalline or amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of ethanol and water for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form X and b) recovering Form X from the suspension.
a) suspending any other crystalline or amorphous form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in a mixture of ethanol and water for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form X and b) recovering Form X from the suspension.
61. The process of claim 60 wherein the suspension is heated to the reflux temperature of the ethanol-water mixture before recovery of Form X from the suspension.
62. The process of claim 60 wherein the time sufficient to convert the other form into Form X is about an hour.
63. The process of claim 60 wherein the mixture contains about six parts ethanol to one part water.
64. The process of claim 60 wherein the mixture contains about five parts ethanol to one part water.
65. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI and solvates thereof characterized by PXRD peaks at 3. 2, 3.7, 5.1, 6.3, 7.8, 8.6, 9.8, 11.2, 11.8, 12.4, 15.4, 18.7, 19.9, 24.0~0. 2 degrees two-theta.
66. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI and solvates thereof of claim 65 having a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in figure 12.
67. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI and solvates thereof of claim 65 having a narrow particle size distribution.
68. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI and solvates thereof of claim 67 wherein all of the particles are 100 microns or less in diameter.
69. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI and solvates thereof of claim 68 wherein all of the particles are 50 microns or less in diameter.
70. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI comprising the steps of:
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium in methyl ethyl ketone at room temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion into atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI, and b) recovering atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI from the suspension.
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium in methyl ethyl ketone at room temperature for a period of time sufficient to cause the conversion into atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI, and b) recovering atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI from the suspension.
71. The process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI of claim 70 wherein the atorvastatin hemi-calcium is Form V.
72. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI comprising the steps of dissolving atorvastatin hemi-calcium in isopropyl alcohol at elevated temperature to form a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium, cooling the solution until it gels and then drying the gel to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XI.
73. Atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII and solvates thereof characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 8.0, 8.4, 11.8, 18.2, 19.0 ~0.2 degrees 2.theta..
74. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII and solvates thereof of claim 73 having a narrow particle size distribution.
75. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII and solvates thereof of claim 74 wherein all of the particles are 100 microns or less in diameter.
76. The atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII and solvates thereof of claim 75 wherein all of the particles are 50 microns or less in diameter.
77. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form XII comprising the steps of:
a) suspending [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert- butylheptanoic ester in ethanol, b) deprotecting the [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester by adding hydrochloric acid to the suspension, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin ester derivatives in ethanol, c) adding calcium hydroxide to the solution, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol, d) optionally removing any excess calcium hydroxide, and e) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the solution as Form XII.
a) suspending [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert- butylheptanoic ester in ethanol, b) deprotecting the [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester by adding hydrochloric acid to the suspension, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin ester derivatives in ethanol, c) adding calcium hydroxide to the solution, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol, d) optionally removing any excess calcium hydroxide, and e) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the solution as Form XII.
78. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I comprising the steps of:
a) suspending any other form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in water for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form I and b) recovering Form I from the suspension.
a) suspending any other form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in water for a period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form I and b) recovering Form I from the suspension.
79. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form II comprising the steps of:
a) suspending [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester in methanol, b) deprotecting the [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester by adding hydrochloric acid to the suspension, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin ester derivatives in methanol, c) adding calcium hydroxide to the solution, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in methanol, d) optionally removing any excess calcium hydroxide, and e) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the solution as Form II.
a) suspending [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester in methanol, b) deprotecting the [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester by adding hydrochloric acid to the suspension, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin ester derivatives in methanol, c) adding calcium hydroxide to the solution, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in methanol, d) optionally removing any excess calcium hydroxide, and e) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the solution as Form II.
80. A process for preparing amorphous hemi-calcium comprising the steps of:
a) suspending a crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in acetonitrile, b) sonicating the suspension for a period of time sufficient to convert the crystalline form to amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium, and c) recovering amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the suspension.
a) suspending a crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in acetonitrile, b) sonicating the suspension for a period of time sufficient to convert the crystalline form to amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium, and c) recovering amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the suspension.
81. The process of claim 80 wherein the crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium is Form VII.
82. The process of claim 80 wherein the crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium is Form I.
83. The process of claim 80 wherein the suspension is sonicated for a period of from about 1 to about 3 minutes.
84. The process of claim 80 wherein the suspension is sonicated at room temperature.
85. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IV comprising the steps of:
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I in 1-butanol for a period of time sufficient to convert Form I into Form IV and b) recovering Form IV from the suspension.
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form I in 1-butanol for a period of time sufficient to convert Form I into Form IV and b) recovering Form IV from the suspension.
86. The process of claim 85 wherein the suspension is maintained at room temperature for the period time in which Form I is converted into Form IV.
87. The process of claim 85 wherein the time sufficient to convert Form I into Form IV is about 24 h.
88. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IV comprising the steps of:
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in a mixture of ethanol and water for a period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IV and b) recovering Form IV from the suspension.
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in a mixture of ethanol and water for a period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IV and b) recovering Form IV from the suspension.
89. The process of claim 88 wherein the temperature of the suspension is elevated to about 50°C
before recovering Form IV from the suspension.
before recovering Form IV from the suspension.
90. The process of claim 88 wherein the period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IV
is about one hour.
is about one hour.
91. The process of claim 88 wherein the mixture contains about 15% water.
92. A process of preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form IV comprising the steps of:
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in methanol for a period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IV, and b) recovering Form IV from the suspension.
a) suspending atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in methanol for a period of time sufficient to convert Form V into Form IV, and b) recovering Form IV from the suspension.
93. The process of claim 92 wherein the suspension is maintained at a temperature of from about room temperature to the reflux temperature of methanol for the period of time in which Form V
is converted into Form IV.
is converted into Form IV.
94. The process of claim 92 wherein the period of time sufficient to convert the other form into Form IV is from about 1 hour to about 20 hours.
95. A process for preparing atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V comprising the steps of :
a) suspending [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic acid ester in ethanol, b) deprotecting the [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester by adding hydrochloric acid to the suspension, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin lactone and [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta.,.delta.-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic acid ester in ethanol, c) adding calcium hydroxide to the solution, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol, d) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the solution, and e) drying the precipitated atorvastatin hemi-calcium to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium as Form V.
a) suspending [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic acid ester in ethanol, b) deprotecting the [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta., .delta.-dioxane-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic ester by adding hydrochloric acid to the suspension, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin lactone and [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-.beta.,.delta.-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-tert-butylheptanoic acid ester in ethanol, c) adding calcium hydroxide to the solution, thereby forming a solution of atorvastatin hemi-calcium in ethanol, d) precipitating atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the solution, and e) drying the precipitated atorvastatin hemi-calcium to obtain atorvastatin hemi-calcium as Form V.
96. A process for purifying atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V comprising suspending the atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form V in a mixture of ethanol and water and recovering Form V
from the mixture in greater purity.
from the mixture in greater purity.
97. The process of claim 96 wherein the mixture comprises from about 10% water and about 90%
ethanol by volume.
ethanol by volume.
98. A process for preparing amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium comprising the steps of:
a) contacting any crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium with acetone for a period of time sufficient to convert the crystalline form into amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium and b) separating solid amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the acetone.
a) contacting any crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium with acetone for a period of time sufficient to convert the crystalline form into amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium and b) separating solid amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium from the acetone.
99. The process for preparing amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium of claim 98 wherein the crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium dissolves in the acetone to yield a substantially clear solution and further wherein solid amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium is precipitated from the substantially clear solution.
100. A process of claim 98 wherein the crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium is Form V.
101. The process of claim 98 wherein the crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium and acetone are contacted at room temperature.
102. The process of claim 98 wherein the period of time sufficient to convert the crystalline form into amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium is about 16 hours.
103. A process for preparing amorphous atorvastatin hemi-calcium by ball milling any crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi-calcium.
104. The process of claim 103 wherein the crystalline form of atorvastatin hemi- calcium is selected from the group consisting of Form I, Form V and Form VIII, wherein atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VIII is characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 9.3, 9.6, 16.3, 19.2, 20.0, 21.6, 22.4, 23.9 ~ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
105. A pharmaceutical composition comprising atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI
of claim 1, Form IX of claim 12, Form X of claim 44, Form XI of claim 65, and Form XII of claim 73, or mixture thereof.
of claim 1, Form IX of claim 12, Form X of claim 44, Form XI of claim 65, and Form XII of claim 73, or mixture thereof.
106. Use of atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI of claim 1, Form IX of claim 12, Form X of claim 44, Form XI of claim 65, and Form XII of claim 73,or mixtures thereof, to prepare a pharmaceutical dosage form.
107. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising atorvastatin hemi-calcium Form VI
of claim 1, Form IX of claim 12, Form X of claim 44, Form XI of claim 65, and Form XII of claim 73, or mixtures thereof.
of claim 1, Form IX of claim 12, Form X of claim 44, Form XI of claim 65, and Form XII of claim 73, or mixtures thereof.
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CA002429590A CA2429590C (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2001-11-29 | Novel crystal forms of atorvastatin hemi-calcium and processes for their preparation as well as novel processes for preparing other forms |
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