CA2627067A1 - Adaptive coding and modulation for broadband data transmission - Google Patents

Adaptive coding and modulation for broadband data transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2627067A1
CA2627067A1 CA002627067A CA2627067A CA2627067A1 CA 2627067 A1 CA2627067 A1 CA 2627067A1 CA 002627067 A CA002627067 A CA 002627067A CA 2627067 A CA2627067 A CA 2627067A CA 2627067 A1 CA2627067 A1 CA 2627067A1
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signal quality
modcode
packet
data packets
transmitting
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CA2627067C (en
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William H. Thesling
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Viasat Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18539—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection
    • H04B7/18543—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection for adaptation of transmission parameters, e.g. power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
    • H04B7/18582—Arrangements for data linking, i.e. for data framing, for error recovery, for multiple access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
    • H04L1/0016—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy involving special memory structures, e.g. look-up tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
    • H04L1/0019—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy in which mode-switching is based on a statistical approach
    • H04L1/0021—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy in which mode-switching is based on a statistical approach in which the algorithm uses adaptive thresholds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
    • H04L1/0083—Formatting with frames or packets; Protocol or part of protocol for error control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0008—Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/62—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
    • H04L47/6215—Individual queue per QOS, rate or priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/023—Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1221—Wireless traffic scheduling based on age of data to be sent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • H04L1/0007—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format by modifying the frame length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0093—Point-to-multipoint
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

A process is described to build physical layer frames with a modcode adapted to the signal quality of a destination terminal. Data packets assigned to the same modcode may be sent in the same frame, although packets associated with higher modcodes may be used to complete a frame before switching to the applicable higher modcode for construction of subsequent frames. After an interval, the order of progression is restarted with an out of order packet above a threshold age. Flow control filtering mechanisms and a variable reliability margin may be used to adapt dynamically to the current data traffic conditions.

Claims (126)

1. A method of implementing adaptive coding and modulation in a broadcast signal, the method comprising:

associating a first modcode with a first signal quality range;
associating a second modcode of a higher order than the first modcode with a second signal quality range of better quality than the first signal quality range;
receiving a first data packet destined for a first link within the first signal quality range and a second data packet destined for a second link within the second signal quality range;

encapsulating the first data packet and at least a part of the second data packet in a first frame; and transmitting the first frame in the broadcast signal according to the first modcode.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
varying at least one of the first signal quality range and the second signal quality range to modify a reliability margin for data packets destined for a link within the varied signal quality range.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the varying step comprises:
varying at least one of the first signal quality range and the second signal quality range based at least in part on latency associated with the transmitting step.
4. The method of claim 1, fragmenting the second data packet into a first fragment and a second fragment;

transmitting the first fragment in the first frame; and transmitting the second fragment in a second frame according to the second modcode.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the encapsulating step further comprises:

applying a policy of encapsulating data packets associated with different modcodes in one frame to be transmitted according to a lowest order modcode of the different modcodes, the policy applied when there are no other remaining data packets associated with the lowest order modcode.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the policy comprises:
determining a length of a prospective pad for the at least one data packet associated with a first modcode;
determining that no data packet associated with the first modcode remains to fill the prospective pad; and filling the prospective pad with the data packet associated with the second modcode.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting additional frames in the broadcast signal according to a defined order of progression; and interrupting the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit, in a second frame, a packet exceeding a threshold age.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
varying the period of the timer based at least in part on a delay associated with transmitting the additional frames.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein, the associating the first modcode with the first data packet comprises placing the first data packet in a first packet forwarding queue associated with the first signal quality range; and the associating the second modcode with the second data packet comprises placing the second data packet in a second packet forwarding queue associated with the second signal quality range.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting, in a linked list, a first element corresponding to the first data packet and associated first signal quality;

inserting, in the linked list, a second element corresponding to the second data packet and associated second signal quality; and iterating through the linked list to identify a set of data packets for encapsulation and transmission based at least in part on a signal quality associated with each element of the linked list.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the adaptive coding and modulation is implemented in accordance with a DVB-S2 standard.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein signal quality comprises at least one of a signal to noise ratio, an estimated signal to noise ratio, a bit error rate, a receive power level, and another communication link quality indicator.
13. A device for implementing adaptive modcodes, the device comprising:
a sorting unit configured to:
associate a first modcode with a first packet to be received on a first link defined by a signal quality in a first signal quality range;
associate a higher order second modcode with a second packet to be received on a second link defined by a signal quality in a second signal quality range of better quality than the first signal quality range;
an encapsulation unit, coupled with the sorting unit, and configured to encapsulate the first packet and second packet in a first frame; and a modulation and coding unit, coupled with the encapsulation unit, and configured to encode and map the frame according to the first modcode.
14. The device of claim 13, wherein, the sorting unit is further configured to vary at least one of the first signal quality range and the second signal quality range to modify a reliability margin for a transmitted data packet destined for a link within the varied signal quality range.
15. The device of claim 13, wherein, the sorting unit is further configured to vary at least one of the first signal quality range and the second signal quality range based at least in part on latency associated with the transmitting step.
16. The device of claim 13, wherein, the encapsulation unit is further configured to:

fragment the second data packet into a first fragment and a second fragment;
encapsulate the first fragment in the first frame; and encapsulate the second fragment in a second frame to be transmitted according to the second modcode.
17. The device of claim 13, wherein, the sorting unit is configured to group data packets associated with different modcodes for encapsulation in one frame to be transmitted according to a lowest order modcode of the different modcodes, the grouping to occur when there are no other remaining data packets associated with the lowest order modcode.
18. The device of claim 13, further comprising a transmitter configured to:
transmit additional frames in the broadcast signal according to a defined order of progression; and interrupt the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit, in a second frame, a packet exceeding a threshold age.
19. The device of claim 18, wherein, the transmitter is further configured to vary the period of timer based at least in part on a latency associated with transmitting the additional frames.
20. A method of controlling the flow of data traffic for a broadcast signal implementing adaptive coding and modulation, the method comprising:

dynamically assigning a modcode of a plurality of modcodes to each of a plurality of data packets based at least in part on a signal quality of a link on which each respective packet is destined;

associating a timestamp with each of the plurality of data packets;
transmitting a subset of the plurality of data packets according to a defined order of progression; and interrupting the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit an out of order packet with a timestamp exceeding a first threshold age, wherein the out of order packet comprises one of the plurality of packets not included in the subset.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first threshold age comprises the timestamp of the second oldest of the plurality of data packets not included in the subset.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
blocking additional data packets when the out of order packet exceeds a second threshold age.
23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:
allowing only data packets associated with a threshold quality or class of service to enter while blocking the additional packets.
24. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
restarting the defined order of progression from the out of order packet.
25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
varying the period of timer based at least in part on a delay associated with transmitting from the packet forwarding queues.
26. The method of claim 20, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression comprises:

transmitting each data packet associated with a first modcode of the plurality of modcodes; and incrementing to a next higher order second modcode of the plurality of modcodes to transmit a data packet associated with an oldest timestamp of the plurality of data packets associated with the second modcode.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression further comprises:

transmitting at least one data packet associated with a first modcode and the data packet associated with the second modcode in a single frame according the first modcode.
28. The method of claim 28, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression further comprises:

determining a length of a prospective pad for the at least one data packet associated with a first modcode;

determining that no data packet associated with the first modcode remains to fill the prospective pad; and filling the prospective pad with the data packet associated with the second modcode.
29. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
utilizing a counter to associate an order with the plurality of data packets;
and holding transmission of a data packet of the plurality of data packets when the packet is out of the order specified by the counter.
30. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
varying a signal quality range associated with one or more of the plurality of modcodes to modify a reliability margin for at least a subset of the plurality of data packets destined for a link within the varied signal quality range.
31. The method of claim 20, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression comprises:

fragmenting an internet protocol data packet of the plurality of data packets into first fragment and second fragment, each fragment associated with a first modcode of the plurality of modcodes;

transmitting the first fragment according to a second modcode of the plurality of modcodes; and transmitting the second fragment according to the first modcode, the first modcode of higher order than the second modcode.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first fragment is sized to fill a length of prospective pad for a frame to be transmitted according to the second modcode.
33. The method of claim 20, wherein the dynamically assigning the modcode step comprises:

placing selected data packets of the plurality of data packet into selective ones of a plurality of packet forwarding queues each associated with different signal quality ranges.
34. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
inserting, into a linked list, a plurality of elements each corresponding to one or more of the plurality of data packets and an associated signal quality; and iterating through the linked list to identify a set of data packets for encapsulation and transmission based at least in part on a signal quality associated with each element of the linked list.
35. The method of claim 20, wherein the adaptive coding and modulation is implemented in accordance with a DVB-S2 standard.
36. The method of claim 20, wherein the signal quality comprises at least one of a signal to noise ratio, an estimated signal to noise ratio, a bit error rate, a receive power level, and another communication link quality indicator.
37. A device for controlling the flow of data traffic for a broadcast signal implementing adaptive coding and modulation, the device comprising:

a sorting unit configured to dynamically assign a different modcode to each of a plurality of packets based at least in part on a signal quality of a link on which each respective packet is to be received;

a transmitting unit, coupled with the sorting unit, and configured to:
transmit a subset of the plurality of packets according to a defined order of progression; and interrupt the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit an out of order packet exceeding a threshold age, wherein the out of order packet comprises one of the plurality of packets not included in the subset.
38. The device of claim 37, wherein, the sorting unit is further configured to block additional data packets when the out of order packet exceeds a second threshold age.
39. The device of claim 38, wherein, the sorting unit is further configured to allow data packets associated with a threshold quality or class of service to enter.
40. The device of claim 37, wherein, the transmitting unit is further configured to restarting the defined order of progression from the out of order packet.
41. The device of claim 37, wherein, the transmitting unit is further configured to varying the period of the timer based at least in part on a latency associated with transmitting from the packet forwarding queues.
42. The device of claim 37, wherein, the transmitting unit is further configured to:
transmit each data packet associated with a first modcode of the plurality of modcodes before incrementing to a next higher order second modcode of the plurality of modcodes; and transmit a data packet with an oldest timestamp associated with the second modcode.
43. The device of claim 42, wherein, the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit at least one data packet associated with the first modcode and the data packet associated with the second modcode in a single frame according to the first modcode.
44. The device of claim 37, wherein, the sorting unit is configured to vary a signal quality range associated with one or more of the plurality of modcodes to modify a reliability margin for at least a subset of the plurality of data packets destined for a link within the varied signal quality range.
45. A method of implementing adaptive coding and modulation using a plurality of packet forwarding queues, the method comprising:

assigning a different modcode to each of the plurality of packet forwarding queues, each queue associated with a select one of a plurality of signal quality ranges;
placing each respective packet of a plurality of data packets into a selected one of the packet forwarding queues, each selected queue associated with a signal quality range encompassing a signal quality of a link to which the respective packet is destined;
transmitting a subset of the plurality of data packets according to a defined order of progression; and interrupting the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit an out of order packet of the plurality of data packets, the out of order packet exceeding a threshold age and not included in the subset.
46. The method of claim 45, further comprising:

varying the period of timer based at least in part on a latency associated with transmitting from the packet forwarding queues.
47. The method of claim 45, wherein the threshold age comprises the age of the second oldest data packet remaining in the packet forwarding queues.
48. The method of claim 45, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression comprises:

transmitting each data packet in a first selected packet forwarding queue associated with a first modcode; and incrementing to a second selected packet forwarding queue with a next higher order second modcode to transmit a packet from the second selected queue.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression further comprises:

transmitting at least one data packet from the first selected queue and the data packet from the second selected queue in a single frame according the first modcode.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression further comprises:

determining a length of a prospective pad for the at least one data packet from the first selected queue;

determining that no data packet associated with the first modcode remains to fill the prospective pad; and filling the prospective pad with the data packet associated with the second modcode.
51. The method of claim 45, further comprising:
utilizing a counter to associate an order with the plurality of data packets before entering the queues; and holding transmission of a packet in the packet forwarding queues when the packet is out of the order specified by the counter.
52. The method of claim 45, further comprising:
blocking additional data packets from entering the packet forwarding queues when the out of order packet exceeds a second threshold age.
53. The method of claim 52, further comprising:
allowing data packets associated with a threshold quality or class of service to enter the packet forwarding queues.
54. The method of claim 45, further comprising:
varying at least one of the plurality of signal quality ranges to increase a reliability margin when a delay associated with transmitting from the packet forwarding queues decreases.
55. The method of claim 45, further comprising:
varying at least one of the plurality of signal quality ranges to decrease a reliability margin when a delay associated with transmitting from the packet forwarding queues increases.
56. The method of claim 45, wherein the transmitting according to the defined order of progression comprises:

fragmenting an internet protocol data packet of the plurality of data packets into first fragment and second fragment, each fragment associated with a first selected queue associated with a first modcode;

transmitting the first fragment according to a second modcode; and transmitting the second fragment according to the first modcode, the first modcode of higher order than the second modcode.
57. The method of claim 45, wherein the adaptive coding and modulation is implemented in accordance with a DVB-S2 standard.
58. The method of claim 45, wherein the signal quality comprises at least one of a signal to noise ratio, an estimated signal to noise ratio, a bit error rate, a receive power level, and another communication link quality indicator.
59. A device implementing adaptive coding and modulation by assigning different modcodes for links of different signal qualities, the method comprising:
a plurality of packet forwarding queues, each queue associated with a different modcode and a select one of a plurality of signal quality ranges;

a queueing unit coupled with the plurality of queues, and configured to place each respective packet of a plurality of data packets into a select one of the packet forwarding queues, the selected queue associated with a signal quality range encompassing a signal quality of a link to which the respective packet is destined; and a transmitting unit, coupled with the plurality of queues, and configured to:
transmit a subset of the plurality of data packets according to a defined order of progression; and interrupt the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit a packet of the plurality of data packets, the packet exceeding a threshold age and not included in the subset.
60. The device of claim 59, wherein, the transmitting unit is further configured to vary the period of timer based at least in part on latency associated with transmitting from the packet forwarding queues.
61. The device of claim 59, wherein the threshold age comprises an age of the second oldest data packet remaining in the packet forwarding queues.
62. The device of claim 59, wherein the defined order of progression comprises the transmitting unit configured to:

transmit each data packet in a first selected packet forwarding queue associated with a first modcode; and increment to a second selected packet forwarding queue with a next higher order second modcode to transmit a packet from the second selected queue.
63. The device of claim 62, wherein the defined order of progression further comprises the transmitting unit configured to:

transmit at least one data packet from the first selected queue and the data packet from the second selected queue in a single frame according the first modcode.
64. The device of claim 59, wherein, the queueing unit is further configured to utilize a counter to associate an order with each of the plurality of data packets before entering the packet forwarding queues; and the transmitting unit is further configured to hold transmission of a packet in the packet forwarding queues when the packet is out of the order specified by the counter.
65. The device of claim 59, wherein, the queueing unit is further configured to block additional data packets from entering the packet forwarding queues when the out of order packet exceeds a second threshold age.
66. The device of claim 59, wherein, the queueing unit is further configured to allow data packets associated with a threshold quality of service to enter the packet forwarding queues.
67. The device of claim 59, wherein, the queueing unit is further configured to vary at least one of the plurality of signal quality ranges to modify a reliability margin for data packets destined for a link within the varied signal quality range.
68. The device of claim 59, wherein the transmitting unit is further configured to:

fragment an internet protocol data packet of the plurality of data packets into first fragment and second fragment, each fragment associated with a first selected queue associated with a first modcode;

transmitting the first fragment according to a second modcode; and transmitting the second fragment according to the first modcode, the first modcode of higher order than the second modcode.
69. The device of claim 59, wherein the device implements adaptive coding and modulation in accordance with a DVB-S2 standard.
70. The device of claim 59, wherein the signal quality comprises at least one of a signal to noise ratio, an estimated signal to noise ratio, a bit error rate, a receive power level, and another communication link quality indicator.
71. A device for implementing adaptive coding and modulation by assigning different modcodes for links of different signal qualities, the device comprising:
means for assigning a different modcode to each of a plurality of packet forwarding queues, each queue associated with a select one of a plurality of signal quality ranges;

means for placing each respective packet of a plurality of data packets into a selected one of the packet forwarding queues, each selected queue associated with a signal quality range encompassing a signal quality of a link to which the respective packet is destined;

means for transmitting a subset of the plurality of data packets according to a defined order of progression; and means for interrupting the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit an out of order packet of the plurality of data packets, the out of order packet exceeding a threshold age and not included in the subset.
72. A method of implementing adaptive coding and modulation using a linked list, the method comprising:

associating a signal quality with each of a plurality of data packets, the signal quality comprising a representative signal quality of a link to which the respective data packet is destined;

assigning a different modcode to each of a plurality of signal quality ranges;

inserting, in a linked list, a plurality of elements each associated with one of the plurality of data packets;

iterating through the linked list to identify elements associated with links in a first signal quality range of the plurality of ranges; and transmitting a subset of the plurality of data packets in an order corresponding to a sequence in which their associated elements are identified, the transmission according to a first modcode assigned to the first signal quality range.
73. The method of claim 72, further comprising:
interrupting, upon expiration of a timer, the iterating step before it has progressed through each element of the linked list to identify an out of order packet exceeding a threshold age and not included in the subset.
74. The method of claim 73, further comprising:
varying the period of the timer based at least in part on a latency measurement.
75. The method of claim 74, wherein the latency measurement comprises a delay associated with the out of order packet.
76. The method of claim 73, wherein, the elements of the linked list are organized from an element associated with the oldest packet chronologically down to an element associated with a latest packet to be received; and the interrupting step comprises identifying the oldest packet.
77. The method of claim 72, wherein the iterating through the list further comprises:

iterating through the list from an element associated with an oldest remaining packet to an element associated with a newest remaining packet; and removing the identified elements.
78. The method of claim 72, further comprising:
performing a second iteration through the linked list to identify elements associated with links in a second signal quality range of better quality than the first signal quality range; and transmitting a second subset of the plurality of data packets according in an order corresponding to a sequence in which the elements associated with links in a second signal quality range were identified.
79. The method of claim 78, wherein at least one data packet from the second subset is transmitted according to the first modcode and at least one data packet from the second subset is transmitted according to a second modcode of higher order than the first modcode.
80. The method of claim 78, wherein at least one data packet from the first subset and at least one data packet from the second subset are transmitted in a single frame according to the first modcode.
81. The method of claim 72, further comprising:
blocking additional data packets from being associated with elements in the linked list based at least in part on a latency measurement.
82. The method of claim 81, further comprising:

allowing data packets associated with a threshold quality of service or class of service to be associated with elements in the linked list based at least in part on the latency measurement.
83. The method of claim 72, further comprising:
varying at least one of the plurality of signal quality ranges to increase a reliability margin when a latency measurement decreases.
84. The method of claim 72, further comprising:
varying at least one of the plurality of signal quality ranges to decrease a reliability margin when a delay associated with the transmitting step increases.
85. The method of claim 72, wherein the transmitting step further comprises:

fragmenting an internet protocol data packet of the plurality of data packets into first fragment and second fragment, each fragment associated with a second signal quality range;

transmitting the first fragment according to the first modcode; and transmitting the second fragment according to the second modcode, the second modcode of higher order than the first modcode.
86. The method of claim 72, wherein the adaptive coding and modulation is implemented in accordance with a DVB-S2 standard.
87. The method of claim 72, wherein the signal quality comprises at least one of a signal to noise ratio, an estimated signal to noise ratio, a bit error rate, a receive power level, and another communication link quality indicator.
88. A device for implementing adaptive coding and modulation using a linked list, the device comprising:

a linked list including a plurality of elements each associated with one of a plurality of data packets and a signal quality, the signal quality comprising a representative signal quality of a link to which each respective data packet is destined; and a processing unit, coupled with the linked list, and configured to:
assign a different modcode to each of a plurality of signal quality ranges;

iterate through the linked list to identify elements associated with links in a first signal quality range of the plurality of ranges; and a transmitting unit, coupled with the processing unit, and configured to transmit a subset of the plurality of data packets in an order corresponding to a sequence in which their associated elements are identified, and according to a first modcode assigned to the first signal quality range.
89. The device of claim 88, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to:
interrupt, upon expiration of a timer, the iteration before it has progressed through each element of the linked list; and identify an out of order packet exceeding a threshold age and not included in the subset.
90. The device of claim 89, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to vary the period of the timer based at least in part on a delay associated with the transmission.
91. The device of claim 89, wherein the threshold age comprises an age of a second oldest remaining data packet.
92. The device of claim 89, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to block additional data packets from being associated with elements and inserted in the linked list when the out of order packet exceeds a second threshold age.
93. The device of claim 92, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to allow data packets associated with a threshold quality of service or class of service to be associated with elements in the linked list.
94. The device of claim 88, wherein the elements of the linked list are organized from an element associated with the oldest packet chronologically down to an element associated with a latest packet to be received.
95. The device of claim 88, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to:
iterate through the list from an element associated with an oldest remaining packet to an element associated with a newest remaining packet; and remove the identified elements from the linked list.
96. The device of claim 88, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to perform a second iteration through the linked list to identify elements associated with links in a second signal quality range of better quality than the first signal quality range; and the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit a second subset of the plurality of data packets in an order corresponding to a sequence in which the elements associated with links in a second signal quality range were identified.
97. The device of claim 96, wherein at least one data packet from the second subset is transmitted according to the first modcode and at least one data packet from the second subset is transmitted according to a second modcode of higher order than the first modcode.
98. The device of claim 97, wherein at least one data packet from the first subset and at least one data packet from the second subset are transmitted in a single frame according the first modcode.
99. The device of claim 88, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to modify at least one of the plurality of signal quality ranges to modify a reliability margin when a latency measurement associated with the transmission changes.
100. The device of claim 88, wherein, the processing unit is further configured to fragment an internet protocol data packet of the plurality of data packets into first fragment and second fragment, each fragment associated with a second signal quality range; and the transmitting unit is further configured to:

transmit the first fragment according to the first modcode; and transmit the second fragment according to the second modcode, the second modcode of higher order than the first modcode.
101. A device for implementing adaptive coding and modulation using a linked list by assigning different modcodes for links of different signal qualities, the device comprising:
means for associating a signal quality with each of a plurality of data packets, the signal quality comprising a representative signal quality of a link to which the respective data packet is destined;

means for assigning a different modcode to each of a plurality of signal quality ranges;

means for inserting, into a linked list, a plurality of elements each associated with one of plurality of data packets;

means for iterating through the linked list to identify elements associated with links in a first signal quality range of the plurality of ranges; and means for transmitting a subset of the plurality of data packets in an order corresponding to a sequence in which their associated elements were identified and according to the first modcode assigned to the first signal quality range.
102. A method of implementing adaptive modulation and coding for a plurality of packets destined for different link conditions, the method comprising:
assigning a different modcode to each of at least a subset of a plurality of signal quality ranges; and dynamically varying one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges to modify a reliability margin for delivery of data packets destined for a link with a signal quality within the varied one or more ranges.
103. The method of claim 102, wherein varying one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges comprises:

increasing a minimum signal quality for the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges when a latency measurement related to flow of the plurality of packets decreases, to thereby increase the reliability margin.
104. The method of claim 103, wherein varying one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges comprises:

decreasing a minimum signal quality for the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges when a latency measurement related to flow of the plurality of packets increases, to thereby decrease the reliability margin.
105. The method of claim 102, wherein varying one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges comprises:
varying, in response to change in a measurement of traffic load, a minimum signal quality associated with the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges, thereby modifying the reliability margin.
106. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
measuring a delay between a timestamp and transmission of one or more transmitted data packets to produce a latency measurement.
107. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
transmitting a subset of the plurality of data packets according to a defined order of progression; and interrupting the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit an out of order packet of the plurality of data packets, the out of order packet exceeding a threshold age.
108. The method of claim 107, further comprising:
varying the period of timer based at least in part on a latency measurement related to flow of the plurality of packets.
109. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
blocking additional data packets when a latency measurement exceeds a threshold.
110. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
allowing data packets associated with a threshold quality of service or class of service while blocking other data packets when a latency measurement exceeds a threshold.
111. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
fragmenting, when a latency measurement is above a threshold, an internet protocol data packet of the plurality of data packets into first fragment and second fragment, each fragment associated with a signal quality range associated with the varied signal range assigned to a first modcode;
transmitting the first fragment according to a second modcode; and transmitting the second fragment according to the first modcode, the first modcode of higher order than the second modcode.
112. The method of claim 102, wherein the reliability margin is zero.
113. The method of claim 102, wherein the adaptive coding and modulation is implemented in accordance with a DVB-S2 standard.
114. The method of claim 102, wherein the signal quality comprises at least one of a signal to noise ratio, an estimated signal to noise ratio, a bit error rate, a receive power level, and another communication link quality indicator.
115. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
iterating through a linked list to identify elements associated with links within a first of the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges; and iterating through a linked list to identify elements associated with links within a second of the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges.
116. The method of claim 102, further comprising:
associating a different packet forwarding queue with each of the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges; and placing each of the plurality of packets into a packet forwarding queue associated with a signal quality range including the signal quality of a link to which the each packet is destined.
117. A device for implementing adaptive modulation and coding for a plurality of packets destined for different link conditions, the device comprising:
a processing unit configured to:
assign a different modcode to each of at least a subset of a plurality of signal quality ranges; and dynamically vary one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges to modify a reliability margin for delivery of data packets destined for a link within the varied signal range; and a transmitting unit configured to:
transmit a least a subset of the plurality of packets destined for a link within the varied signal range according to the assigned modcode.
118. The device of claim 117, wherein, the processing unit is configured to:
increase a minimum signal quality for the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges when a latency measurement decreases, to thereby increase the reliability margin for a least a subset of the plurality of packets destined for a link within the increased range.
119. The device of claim 117, wherein, the processing unit is configured to:
decrease a minimum signal quality associated with the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges when a latency measurement increases, to thereby decrease the reliability margin for a least a subset of the plurality of packets destined for a link within the decreased range.
120. The device of claim 117, wherein, the processing unit is configured to:
vary, in response to a change in a measurement of traffic load, a minimum signal quality associated with the one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges, thereby modifying the reliability margin for at least a subset of the plurality of packets destined for a link within the varied range.
121. The device of claim 117, wherein, the processing unit is configured to:
measure a delay between a timestamp and transmission of one or more transmitted data packets to produce a latency measurement.
122. The device of claim 117, wherein, the transmitting unit is configured to:
transmit a subset of the plurality of data packets according to a defined order of progression; and interrupt the defined order of progression upon expiration of a timer to transmit an out of order packet of the plurality of data packets, the out of order packet exceeding a threshold age and not included in the subset.
123. The device of claim 122, wherein, the transmitting unit is configured to:
vary the period of timer based at least in part on a latency measurement related to transmitting at least a subset of the plurality of packets.
124. The device of claim 117, wherein, the processing unit is configured to:
block additional data packets from being processed when a latency measurement exceeds a threshold.
125. The device of claim 117, wherein, the processing unit is configured to:
allow data packets associated with a threshold quality of service or class of service to be processed, while blocking other data packets when a latency measurement exceeds a threshold.
126. A device for implementing adaptive modulation and coding for packets destined for different link conditions, the device comprising:
means for assigning a different modcode to each of at least a subset of a plurality of signal quality ranges;
means for dynamically varying one or more of the plurality of signal quality ranges to modify a reliability margin for delivery of data packets destined for a link within the varied signal range; and means for transmitting at least a subset of the plurality of packets destined for a link within the varied signal range according to the assigned modcode.
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