CA2639971A1 - Coating suitable for surgical instruments - Google Patents
Coating suitable for surgical instruments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2639971A1 CA2639971A1 CA002639971A CA2639971A CA2639971A1 CA 2639971 A1 CA2639971 A1 CA 2639971A1 CA 002639971 A CA002639971 A CA 002639971A CA 2639971 A CA2639971 A CA 2639971A CA 2639971 A1 CA2639971 A1 CA 2639971A1
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- Prior art keywords
- coating formulation
- coating
- formulation
- silica
- carbides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/082—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/088—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/084 or A61L31/086
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/40—Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium or other organo-metallic compounds; Organo-clays; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B24/42—Organo-silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
- H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00526—Methods of manufacturing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00601—Cutting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
- A61L2420/02—Methods for coating medical devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
- A61L2420/06—Coatings containing a mixture of two or more compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
- A61L2420/08—Coatings comprising two or more layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00525—Coating or impregnation materials for metallic surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00836—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for medical or dental applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/259—Silicic material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
An improved coating and devices using said coating are disclosed The coating is applied in a liquid form and then dried or otherwise cured to form a durable adherent coating resistant to high temperatures and in at least one embodiment possessing hydrophobic properties. In one aspect of the invention the coating formulation contains at least in part an aqueous formulation of silica, such as colloidal silica, and one or more fillers, such as inorganic fillers, and sufficient base, such as potassium hydroxide, to have a pH
exceeding about 10.5 during at least part of the formulation process. In another aspect of the invention the coating formulation contains one or more substances that affect its surface free energy such as by reducing the surface free energy to make the cured coating hydrophobic, such surface free energy altering compounds include silanes containing halogens such as fluorine or chlorine and in particular silanes containing one or more hydrolyzable groups attached to at least one silicon atom and a group containing one or more halogens such as chlorine or fluorine. In another aspect of the invention is a surgical instrument at least partially covered by a coating using the formulation of the present invention at least part of such instrument powered by electricity to produce a predetermined surgical effect.
exceeding about 10.5 during at least part of the formulation process. In another aspect of the invention the coating formulation contains one or more substances that affect its surface free energy such as by reducing the surface free energy to make the cured coating hydrophobic, such surface free energy altering compounds include silanes containing halogens such as fluorine or chlorine and in particular silanes containing one or more hydrolyzable groups attached to at least one silicon atom and a group containing one or more halogens such as chlorine or fluorine. In another aspect of the invention is a surgical instrument at least partially covered by a coating using the formulation of the present invention at least part of such instrument powered by electricity to produce a predetermined surgical effect.
Description
COATING SUITABLE FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Cross-Reference to Related Applications This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application Serial No. 60/762,375 filed January 25, 2006, entitled "IMPROVED COATING
FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED METHODS AND
APPARATUS". The foregoing patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirely.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to materials' coatings and using coatings to protect and affect the surface properties of products or apparatus at least partially covered with such coatings, such as instruments used during surgical procedures. The invention may be used in applications where coatings are useful and more particularly for applications benefitting from containing one or components containing materials benefitting from protecting the component from the use environment or the use environment from the component.
Examples of such protection are protecting components from high temperatures, liquids or vapors, such as moisture or steam, or protecting materials in the use environment from high temperature components. The invention is advantageous where an adherent coating able to withstand high temperatures, such as a coating being adherent to metals, protects components from the use environment or protects elements of the use environment from components. An example of such use is on instruments that apply electrosurgical power to a tissue site to achieve a predetermined surgical effect. Another example of such use is coating engine exhaust components such as mufflers. Another example of such use is coating doors to improve thermal or oxidative resistance, such as fire doors. Aspects of the present invention include a composition for coating formulation, a method for preparing the composition, and a method for forming a coating using the composition.
Background of the Invention Electrical energy is widely employed during surgical procedures in which electrosurgical techniques are employed to provide localized high flux energy to tissue during open, laparoscopic, and arthroscopic applications to provide clinical benefits, such as hemostasis, relative to surgical approaches that use mechanical cutting such as scalpels. Electrosurgical techniques typically entail the use of a hand-held instrument, or pencil, that transfers alternating current electrical power operating at radio frequency (RF) to tissue at the surgical site. The time-varying RF electrical power yields a predetermined electrosurgical effect, such as tissue cutting or coagulation.
The process of applying RF electrical power causes high temperatures to occur in the tissue and on at least part of the surgical instrument. The result of these high temperatures is the formation of tissue fragments and other substances that often accumulate and form deposits on surgical instruments. These deposits are called eschar. Eschar frequently accumulates in such amounts that it interferes with surgical procedures.
In attempts to alleviate the formation of eschar or make instruments from which eschar may be more easily removed than from metal surfaces, instruments with surface coatings, such as coated blades, have been used or described. For example, such coatings are made from materials to which eschar accumulations stick less tightly than they stick to the metals from which electrosurgical instruments are made. The coatings are typically made from one or more polydiorganosiloxane or polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) compounds. These compounds suffer from not having high temperature durability. Materials capable of withstanding high temperatures, such as ceramics, do not confer adequate non-stick properties when used as coatings.
In this regard, the present inventors have recognized that the need exists for a high temperature coating that has non-stick properties.
Relatedly, the metal conductors in electrosurgical instruments that convey energy to tissue get hot during use. When contacting tissue the hot surfaces damage tissue. Therefore, protecting tissue in the use environment from the hot instrument surfaces can reduce tissue damage. Typical coatings cannot withstand the high temperatures in regions directly adjacent to where RF electrical power transfers to tissue. In this regard, the present inventors have alsorecognized that the need exists for a high temperature coating with insulating properties.
In general, the present inventors believe that the need exists for a coating that can protect component materials from the use environment and the use environment from components.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, an objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to one or more components in an apparatus that needs protection from the use environment or that needs to have the use environment protected from the apparatus.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to one or more components of devices used in surgical environments.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to one or more components of devices used in surgical environments that results in a durable high temperature nonstick coating.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to a surgical instrument powered by electrosurgical energy that results in reduced eschar accumulation.
In addressing these objectives, the present inventors have recognized that a novel coating formulation containing silica (e.g., colloidal and/or amorphous silica), inorganic fillers, and a strong base such that the pH of the formulation exceeds 10.5 during at least part of the preparation process produces a durable adherent high temperature coating to which a treatment such as a non-stick outer coating may be applied. In this regard, the use of a strong base advantageously serves to at least partially dissolve the silica.
Cross-Reference to Related Applications This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Provisional Application Serial No. 60/762,375 filed January 25, 2006, entitled "IMPROVED COATING
FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED METHODS AND
APPARATUS". The foregoing patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirely.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to materials' coatings and using coatings to protect and affect the surface properties of products or apparatus at least partially covered with such coatings, such as instruments used during surgical procedures. The invention may be used in applications where coatings are useful and more particularly for applications benefitting from containing one or components containing materials benefitting from protecting the component from the use environment or the use environment from the component.
Examples of such protection are protecting components from high temperatures, liquids or vapors, such as moisture or steam, or protecting materials in the use environment from high temperature components. The invention is advantageous where an adherent coating able to withstand high temperatures, such as a coating being adherent to metals, protects components from the use environment or protects elements of the use environment from components. An example of such use is on instruments that apply electrosurgical power to a tissue site to achieve a predetermined surgical effect. Another example of such use is coating engine exhaust components such as mufflers. Another example of such use is coating doors to improve thermal or oxidative resistance, such as fire doors. Aspects of the present invention include a composition for coating formulation, a method for preparing the composition, and a method for forming a coating using the composition.
Background of the Invention Electrical energy is widely employed during surgical procedures in which electrosurgical techniques are employed to provide localized high flux energy to tissue during open, laparoscopic, and arthroscopic applications to provide clinical benefits, such as hemostasis, relative to surgical approaches that use mechanical cutting such as scalpels. Electrosurgical techniques typically entail the use of a hand-held instrument, or pencil, that transfers alternating current electrical power operating at radio frequency (RF) to tissue at the surgical site. The time-varying RF electrical power yields a predetermined electrosurgical effect, such as tissue cutting or coagulation.
The process of applying RF electrical power causes high temperatures to occur in the tissue and on at least part of the surgical instrument. The result of these high temperatures is the formation of tissue fragments and other substances that often accumulate and form deposits on surgical instruments. These deposits are called eschar. Eschar frequently accumulates in such amounts that it interferes with surgical procedures.
In attempts to alleviate the formation of eschar or make instruments from which eschar may be more easily removed than from metal surfaces, instruments with surface coatings, such as coated blades, have been used or described. For example, such coatings are made from materials to which eschar accumulations stick less tightly than they stick to the metals from which electrosurgical instruments are made. The coatings are typically made from one or more polydiorganosiloxane or polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) compounds. These compounds suffer from not having high temperature durability. Materials capable of withstanding high temperatures, such as ceramics, do not confer adequate non-stick properties when used as coatings.
In this regard, the present inventors have recognized that the need exists for a high temperature coating that has non-stick properties.
Relatedly, the metal conductors in electrosurgical instruments that convey energy to tissue get hot during use. When contacting tissue the hot surfaces damage tissue. Therefore, protecting tissue in the use environment from the hot instrument surfaces can reduce tissue damage. Typical coatings cannot withstand the high temperatures in regions directly adjacent to where RF electrical power transfers to tissue. In this regard, the present inventors have alsorecognized that the need exists for a high temperature coating with insulating properties.
In general, the present inventors believe that the need exists for a coating that can protect component materials from the use environment and the use environment from components.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, an objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to one or more components in an apparatus that needs protection from the use environment or that needs to have the use environment protected from the apparatus.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to one or more components of devices used in surgical environments.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to one or more components of devices used in surgical environments that results in a durable high temperature nonstick coating.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a coating formulation, method for preparing the coating formulation, and method for applying the coating formulation to a surgical instrument powered by electrosurgical energy that results in reduced eschar accumulation.
In addressing these objectives, the present inventors have recognized that a novel coating formulation containing silica (e.g., colloidal and/or amorphous silica), inorganic fillers, and a strong base such that the pH of the formulation exceeds 10.5 during at least part of the preparation process produces a durable adherent high temperature coating to which a treatment such as a non-stick outer coating may be applied. In this regard, the use of a strong base advantageously serves to at least partially dissolve the silica.
In one aspect, the present inventors have fu.rther recognized that a novel coating containing silica (e.g., colloidal and/or amorphous silica), inorganic fillers, and a strong base such that the pH of the formulation exceeds 10.5 during at least part of the preparation process, and which additional constituents such as alkoxy silanes may be added, produces a coating that is inherently non-stick, adherent, durable, and capable of withstanding high temperatures. The present inventors have further recognized that such coatings have non-stick properties when the formulation contains one or more halogen-containing alkyalkoxysilanes, e.g., those containing halogens such as fluorine or chlorine. In the latter regard, and by way of example, fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes or chloroalkyalkoxysilanes may be employed.
The present inventors have yet further recognized that such use of alkyalkoxysilanes possessing hydrolyzable inorganic alkylsilyl groups including methoxysilyl or ethoxysilyl groups produces durable high temperature coatings. The present inventors have yet further recognized that using alkyalkoxysi lanes possessing hydrolyzable inorganic alkylsilyl groups including methoxysilyl or ethoxysilyl groups and one or more straight or branched halogenalkyl chains, such as chloroalkyl or fluoroalkyl chains, produces durable high temperature coatings with excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic (non-stick) properties.
The present inventors have yet further recognized that a coating containing silica (e.g., colloidal and/or amorphous silica), inorganic fillers, and a strong base such that the pH of the formulation exceeds 10.5 during at least part of the formulation process to which one or more substance containing one or more fluorinated carbon chains, such as PTFE emulsions or at least partially hydrolyzed fluorinated silanes or at least partially cross-linked hydrolyzed silanes, form a coating that is inherently non-stick, adherent, durable, and capable of withstanding high temperatures.
In another aspect, the present inventors have further recognized that adding materials such as water, surfactants, and solids such as fumed silica alter the viscosity and surface tension of the formulation to allow it to flow or otherwise cover surfaces producing coatings having different thicknesses or surface finishes and making coatings suitable for various application methods such as dipping or spraying.
In further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied to organic and inorganic materials, such as cloth, glass, plastic, and metal materials and produce durable adherent coatings.
Such coating may be restricted to the surface or may penetrate into interstitial pores, cracks, crevices, or other voids that exist.
In further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied to electrically conductive metal surfaces and produce durable adherent coatings suitable for use on medical instruments including instruments suitable for use with electrosurgery. The present inventors have further recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied to stainless steel and materials having thermal conductivities greater than stainless steel, such as molybdenum, and produce durable adherent coatings suitable for medical instruments including instruments suitable for use with electrosurgery. The present inventors have further recognized that surgical instruments comprised at least in part with metals having coatings based on the formulation of the present invention are most suitable for use in electrosurgical applications when at least one part of the metal surface is left uncoated or sufficiently thinly coated so that an energy transfer path exists with sufficiently low impedance, less than approximately 5,000 ohms, that electrosurgical energy can adequately transfer from the surgical instrument to the tissue where a predetermined surgical effect is desired to occur.
In still further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied by dipping, spraying, painting, printing, pad printing, or other means capable of transferring a liquid substance to a substrate such as one made from metal or a surgical instrument. In still further addressing the objectives for the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied in multiple coats to build up a final coat. The present inventors have further recognized that such multiple coats may be applied prior to applying energy to any_ already applied coat, such application of energy being applied to cure the coating material.
In still further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be cured by applying energy, such as thermal energy transferred by conduction from air or radiation from one or more surfaces, to enhance the properties of the coating, such as its durability, resistance to moisture, adherence, and non-stick properties.
In short, the present inventors have recognized that a durable coating is needed to improve the performance of apparatus, such as to prevent or reduce the formation or accumulation of the deposits that form on material surfaces such as the surfaces of surgical instruments powered by electrosurgical energy. The present invention comprises a coating formulation that includes colloidal silica, a strong base, one or more fillers, and optionally formulated with one or more substances that produce non-stick properties to the coating. Such substance that produce non-stick properties include alkoxy silanes, including alkoxy silanes having one or more chains containing at least some halogens such as chlorine or fluorine. The present invention further includes applying such coating formulations to surfaces to produce a coating on materials, including materials with organic or inorganic surfaces, including plastic, glass, and metallic surfaces, that is adherent, resistant to high temperatures, and non-stick. The present invention further comprises such metallic surfaces when they are at least part of a medical instrument, such as an electrosurgical instrument.
The present inventors have yet further recognized that such use of alkyalkoxysilanes possessing hydrolyzable inorganic alkylsilyl groups including methoxysilyl or ethoxysilyl groups produces durable high temperature coatings. The present inventors have yet further recognized that using alkyalkoxysi lanes possessing hydrolyzable inorganic alkylsilyl groups including methoxysilyl or ethoxysilyl groups and one or more straight or branched halogenalkyl chains, such as chloroalkyl or fluoroalkyl chains, produces durable high temperature coatings with excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic (non-stick) properties.
The present inventors have yet further recognized that a coating containing silica (e.g., colloidal and/or amorphous silica), inorganic fillers, and a strong base such that the pH of the formulation exceeds 10.5 during at least part of the formulation process to which one or more substance containing one or more fluorinated carbon chains, such as PTFE emulsions or at least partially hydrolyzed fluorinated silanes or at least partially cross-linked hydrolyzed silanes, form a coating that is inherently non-stick, adherent, durable, and capable of withstanding high temperatures.
In another aspect, the present inventors have further recognized that adding materials such as water, surfactants, and solids such as fumed silica alter the viscosity and surface tension of the formulation to allow it to flow or otherwise cover surfaces producing coatings having different thicknesses or surface finishes and making coatings suitable for various application methods such as dipping or spraying.
In further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied to organic and inorganic materials, such as cloth, glass, plastic, and metal materials and produce durable adherent coatings.
Such coating may be restricted to the surface or may penetrate into interstitial pores, cracks, crevices, or other voids that exist.
In further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied to electrically conductive metal surfaces and produce durable adherent coatings suitable for use on medical instruments including instruments suitable for use with electrosurgery. The present inventors have further recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied to stainless steel and materials having thermal conductivities greater than stainless steel, such as molybdenum, and produce durable adherent coatings suitable for medical instruments including instruments suitable for use with electrosurgery. The present inventors have further recognized that surgical instruments comprised at least in part with metals having coatings based on the formulation of the present invention are most suitable for use in electrosurgical applications when at least one part of the metal surface is left uncoated or sufficiently thinly coated so that an energy transfer path exists with sufficiently low impedance, less than approximately 5,000 ohms, that electrosurgical energy can adequately transfer from the surgical instrument to the tissue where a predetermined surgical effect is desired to occur.
In still further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied by dipping, spraying, painting, printing, pad printing, or other means capable of transferring a liquid substance to a substrate such as one made from metal or a surgical instrument. In still further addressing the objectives for the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be applied in multiple coats to build up a final coat. The present inventors have further recognized that such multiple coats may be applied prior to applying energy to any_ already applied coat, such application of energy being applied to cure the coating material.
In still further addressing the objectives of the present invention the inventors have recognized that the coating formulation of the present invention may be cured by applying energy, such as thermal energy transferred by conduction from air or radiation from one or more surfaces, to enhance the properties of the coating, such as its durability, resistance to moisture, adherence, and non-stick properties.
In short, the present inventors have recognized that a durable coating is needed to improve the performance of apparatus, such as to prevent or reduce the formation or accumulation of the deposits that form on material surfaces such as the surfaces of surgical instruments powered by electrosurgical energy. The present invention comprises a coating formulation that includes colloidal silica, a strong base, one or more fillers, and optionally formulated with one or more substances that produce non-stick properties to the coating. Such substance that produce non-stick properties include alkoxy silanes, including alkoxy silanes having one or more chains containing at least some halogens such as chlorine or fluorine. The present invention further includes applying such coating formulations to surfaces to produce a coating on materials, including materials with organic or inorganic surfaces, including plastic, glass, and metallic surfaces, that is adherent, resistant to high temperatures, and non-stick. The present invention further comprises such metallic surfaces when they are at least part of a medical instrument, such as an electrosurgical instrument.
Brief Description of the Drawinas FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a method of preparing inventive coating formulations in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a method of coating a surface of an apparatus coating with an inventive coating formulation prepared in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 portrays a cross section of a surgical blade with at least part of its surface insulated with a coating.
Detailed Description The present invention is for coating formulations capable of withstanding high temperatures and adherent to metal surfaces and that may be formulated to have a surface free energy that makes the surface substantially non-stick, meaning that the surface is substantially hydrophobic or oleophobic, or both. Such coating formulations have applicability when used to form a surface coat on surgical instruments receiving electrosurgical energy and contacting tissue to achieve a predetermined surgical effect. The present invention further includes applying the subject coating formulations and optionally enhancing the coating's properties by applying energy, such as thermal energy. The coating formulation comprises a silicate solution, such as a colloidal silicate solution, one or more fillers, and a strong base and optionally includes one or more materials that reduce the surface free energy to enhance the non-stick properties of the surface.
In one approach, a colloidal silicate solution may contain at least 10 weight percent silica. In another embodiment the colloidal silicate solution may contain about 50 weight percent silica. Representative examples of colloidal silicate solutions are alkali metal silicates, including those of lithium polysilicate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate, and colloidal silica.
The colloidal silicate solution may be colloidal silica with about 50 weight percent silica. The colloidal silica average particle size may be between about 5 nm and 100 nm and it may be between about 30 and 80 nm and it may be between about 40 and 80 nm. Example colloidal silica products are Megasol S50 (WesBond Corporation) and LEVASIL 50/50% (H.C. Starck GmbH).
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a method of coating a surface of an apparatus coating with an inventive coating formulation prepared in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 portrays a cross section of a surgical blade with at least part of its surface insulated with a coating.
Detailed Description The present invention is for coating formulations capable of withstanding high temperatures and adherent to metal surfaces and that may be formulated to have a surface free energy that makes the surface substantially non-stick, meaning that the surface is substantially hydrophobic or oleophobic, or both. Such coating formulations have applicability when used to form a surface coat on surgical instruments receiving electrosurgical energy and contacting tissue to achieve a predetermined surgical effect. The present invention further includes applying the subject coating formulations and optionally enhancing the coating's properties by applying energy, such as thermal energy. The coating formulation comprises a silicate solution, such as a colloidal silicate solution, one or more fillers, and a strong base and optionally includes one or more materials that reduce the surface free energy to enhance the non-stick properties of the surface.
In one approach, a colloidal silicate solution may contain at least 10 weight percent silica. In another embodiment the colloidal silicate solution may contain about 50 weight percent silica. Representative examples of colloidal silicate solutions are alkali metal silicates, including those of lithium polysilicate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate, and colloidal silica.
The colloidal silicate solution may be colloidal silica with about 50 weight percent silica. The colloidal silica average particle size may be between about 5 nm and 100 nm and it may be between about 30 and 80 nm and it may be between about 40 and 80 nm. Example colloidal silica products are Megasol S50 (WesBond Corporation) and LEVASIL 50/50% (H.C. Starck GmbH).
The coating formulation includes a strong base in;a concentration that causes the pH of the formulation to exceed 10.5 at least at some point during the formulation process. The strong base functions to at least partially dissolve the silica. For example, the strong base may be added in sufficient amount to cause at least the initial pH to exceed 12 and the strong base may be added to exceed 12.5. The strong base used may be potassium hydroxide (KOH). The KOH may be added as a KOH solution consisting of KOH and water and the concentration of the solution may be approximately 50 weight percent KOH, or between approximately 20 percent and 80 percent.
The filler material may comprise various metal/non-metal combinations, including, for example, compositions that comprise the following: aluminum oxides (e.g., alumina and AI2 03), zirconium oxides (e.g., Zr2 03), zirconium nitrides (e.g., ZrN), zirconium carbides (e.g., ZrC), boron carbides (e.g., B4 C), silicon oxides (e.g., SiO2), mica, magnesium-zirconium oxides (e.g., (Mg--Zr)03), zirconium-silicon oxides (e.g., (Zr--Si)02), titanium oxides (e.g., Ti02) tantalum oxides (e.g., Ta2 05), tantalum nitrides (e.g., TaN), tantalum carbides (e.g., TaC), silicon nitrides (e.g., Si3 N4), silicon carbides (e.g., SiC), tungsten carbides (e.g., WC) titanium nitrides (e.g., TiN), titanium carbides (e.g., TiC), nibobium nitrides (e.g., NbN), niobium carbides (e.g., NbC), vanadium nitrides (e.g., VN), vanadium carbides (e.g., VC), and hydroxyapatite (e.g., substances containing compounds such as 3Ca3 (P04)2 Ca(OH)2 Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2 Ca5(OH)(POa)s, and Caio H2 026 P6).
Filler materials may be of any shape including, for example, shapes that approximate in whole or in part or are substantially fibers, plates, spheres, rods, coils, or polyhedrons such as cubes or other shapes that may be approximated by a collection of polygons. Combinations of filler materials having more than one shape may be used. For example, fillers comprising one or more materials having fiber shapes and plate-like shapes may be used.
The filler may have one or more constituents comprising at least in part one or more inorganic fibers or inorganic powders such as those derived from clays with such fillers including those that contain silicon oxide, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, titanium oxides, chrome oxides, calcium oxides, or zirconium oxides. The filler materials may contain one or more materials that have at least 30 percent by weight A1203 or Si02 either alone or combined with otherelements, such as occurs in kaolin, talc, or montmorillonite. Clays used may include substances that are members of the smectite group of phyllosilicate minerals. Representative examples of clay minerals include bentonite, talc, kaolin (kaolinite), mica, clay, sericite, hectorite, montmorillonite and smectite. In the present invention, at least one of kaolin, talc, and montmorillonite may be used. These clay minerals can be used singly or in combination.
The filler may have one or more constituents that are at least in part fibers that contain in part or wholly alumina or silica or calcium silicate, such as Wollastonite, alumina fiber, silica fiber or fibers containing a combination of alumina and silica.
At least one dimension, such as diameter, length, width, or particle size, of at least one of the filler materials may have a mean value of less than about 200 micrometers. The materials may have one or more material with one or more dimensions with a mean value of less than about 50 micrometers. The materials may have one or more dimensions with one or more mean values less than aboutlO microns. The materials may have one or more dimensions with one or more mean values less than about 5 microns, such as both the diameter and thickness being less than about 5 microns.
When montmorillonite is used as a filler it may be a form that is untreated or it may be a form that has been treated with a surface modifying process, such as a treatment to enhance its dispersion. When used, montmorillonite may be a form that has been onium ion treated. An example onium ion treated montmorillonite is Nanomer 1.44P (Nanocor, Inc.).
The filler may include at least in part one or more fibers with mean diameters of between about 1 and 50 pm and it may at least in part include one or more fibers with mean diameters of between about 1 and 20 Jim.
Example fibers include RF 50/99 and RF 20/99 (Saint-Gobain TM K.K ) and Nyglos 2 and Nyglos 4W (Nyco Minerals, Inc.). The filler may include at least in part a fiber containing A1203 and Si02 in about equal weight percentage amounts.
The filler material may comprise various metal/non-metal combinations, including, for example, compositions that comprise the following: aluminum oxides (e.g., alumina and AI2 03), zirconium oxides (e.g., Zr2 03), zirconium nitrides (e.g., ZrN), zirconium carbides (e.g., ZrC), boron carbides (e.g., B4 C), silicon oxides (e.g., SiO2), mica, magnesium-zirconium oxides (e.g., (Mg--Zr)03), zirconium-silicon oxides (e.g., (Zr--Si)02), titanium oxides (e.g., Ti02) tantalum oxides (e.g., Ta2 05), tantalum nitrides (e.g., TaN), tantalum carbides (e.g., TaC), silicon nitrides (e.g., Si3 N4), silicon carbides (e.g., SiC), tungsten carbides (e.g., WC) titanium nitrides (e.g., TiN), titanium carbides (e.g., TiC), nibobium nitrides (e.g., NbN), niobium carbides (e.g., NbC), vanadium nitrides (e.g., VN), vanadium carbides (e.g., VC), and hydroxyapatite (e.g., substances containing compounds such as 3Ca3 (P04)2 Ca(OH)2 Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2 Ca5(OH)(POa)s, and Caio H2 026 P6).
Filler materials may be of any shape including, for example, shapes that approximate in whole or in part or are substantially fibers, plates, spheres, rods, coils, or polyhedrons such as cubes or other shapes that may be approximated by a collection of polygons. Combinations of filler materials having more than one shape may be used. For example, fillers comprising one or more materials having fiber shapes and plate-like shapes may be used.
The filler may have one or more constituents comprising at least in part one or more inorganic fibers or inorganic powders such as those derived from clays with such fillers including those that contain silicon oxide, aluminum oxides, magnesium oxides, titanium oxides, chrome oxides, calcium oxides, or zirconium oxides. The filler materials may contain one or more materials that have at least 30 percent by weight A1203 or Si02 either alone or combined with otherelements, such as occurs in kaolin, talc, or montmorillonite. Clays used may include substances that are members of the smectite group of phyllosilicate minerals. Representative examples of clay minerals include bentonite, talc, kaolin (kaolinite), mica, clay, sericite, hectorite, montmorillonite and smectite. In the present invention, at least one of kaolin, talc, and montmorillonite may be used. These clay minerals can be used singly or in combination.
The filler may have one or more constituents that are at least in part fibers that contain in part or wholly alumina or silica or calcium silicate, such as Wollastonite, alumina fiber, silica fiber or fibers containing a combination of alumina and silica.
At least one dimension, such as diameter, length, width, or particle size, of at least one of the filler materials may have a mean value of less than about 200 micrometers. The materials may have one or more material with one or more dimensions with a mean value of less than about 50 micrometers. The materials may have one or more dimensions with one or more mean values less than aboutlO microns. The materials may have one or more dimensions with one or more mean values less than about 5 microns, such as both the diameter and thickness being less than about 5 microns.
When montmorillonite is used as a filler it may be a form that is untreated or it may be a form that has been treated with a surface modifying process, such as a treatment to enhance its dispersion. When used, montmorillonite may be a form that has been onium ion treated. An example onium ion treated montmorillonite is Nanomer 1.44P (Nanocor, Inc.).
The filler may include at least in part one or more fibers with mean diameters of between about 1 and 50 pm and it may at least in part include one or more fibers with mean diameters of between about 1 and 20 Jim.
Example fibers include RF 50/99 and RF 20/99 (Saint-Gobain TM K.K ) and Nyglos 2 and Nyglos 4W (Nyco Minerals, Inc.). The filler may include at least in part a fiber containing A1203 and Si02 in about equal weight percentage amounts.
Substances may be added to promote adhesion or produ.ction of a sealed or hydrophobic surface, including substances that increase the pH of the mixture as noted above, including sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and hydrolyzable silanes that condense to form one or more cross-linked silicone-oxygen-silicon structures (siloxane bonds). Example materials are those that use one or more of the aforementioned colloidal silicates and clays, potassium hydroxide, and also use one or more substances that reduce the surface free energy of the surface. Such substances that reduce the surface free energy include halogenated compounds and fluoropolymer compounds, such as PTFE and PFA, including aqueous dispersions of such compounds, organofunctional hydrolyzable silanes, including those containing one or more fluorine atoms on one or more pendant carbon chains.
Among the substances that may be included in the coating material as one or more hydrolyzable silanes are components having the general formula RmSiXn where R is alkyl chain and X is hydrolyzable, such a alkoxy group with m and n both integers and m+n=4. The hydrolyzable silane R may contain one or more halogen atoms. The hydrolyzable silane R may have a general formula of CF3(CF2)p(CH2)qSi(OCH2CH3)3 where p is less than about 20 and may about 8 or less and where q is about 2. Other groups besides (OCH2CH3)3, such as those based on methyl, propyl, or butyl groups, may be substituted and fall within the new art of this patent when they also are hydrolyzable. Other halogens, such as chlorine, may be substituted for the fluorine.
An example fluoralkyaloxysilane is tridecafluor-1,1,2,2,-tetrahydrooctyltriethoxysilane. An example of such a silane is Dynasylan F8261 (Degussa Corp.).
The final coating produced may have a surface free energy (also referred to as the surface tension) of the coating is less than about 32 millinewtons/meter and may have a surface free energy less than about 25 millinewtons/meter and may have a surface free energy less than about 15 millinewtons/meter and may be less than about 10 millinewtons/meter.
The coating formulation may have materials added to modify its viscosity or surface tension. Examples of such materials are amorphous silica, such as in powder form. An example amorphous silica is fumed silica and precipitated silica. An example amorphous silica,is CAB-O-SlL HS-5 (Cabot Corporation). Surfactants may also be added to modify the viscosity or surface tension of the formulation.
The coating formulation may include amorphous silica mixed with a strong base. The amorphous silica-strong base mixture may be used to augment or replace some or all of a colloidal silicate material and be mixed with fillers or other materials such as hydrolyzable silanes.
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a method for preparing coating formulations in accordance with the present invention. As illustrated, the method of preparation may include the step of combining a combination of silica, an inorganic filler and a base in an amount sufficient to cause the combination to have a pH of at least 10.5 at some point during the preparation process, step 102. By way of example, the combining step 102 may comprise combining the constituents in varying orders and may include mixing, agitating and/or shaking the combination one or multiple times. In one approach, colloidal silica, at least one inorganic filler and potassium hydroxide may be combined. In another approach, an amorphous silica such as fumed silica, and potassium hydroxide may be initially combined, then colloidal silica and an inorganic filler may be added thereto. In yet another approach, the base may even be added later in the process (e.g., at step 106 or step 108, or between steps 106 and 108 noted below). In each approach, the base (e.g., potassium hydroxide) functions to effectively dissolve at least a portion of the silica. As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the method may optionally include the step of combining an alkoxy silane into the combination, step 106. As noted above, the additional of an alkoxy silane serves to enhance the non-stick properties of the coating formulation.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the preparation method may further include the optional step of combining at least one of water, a surfactant and a solid into the combination, step 108. As previously noted, such constituents may be added to enhance the ability of the formulation to flow or otherwise cover surfaces to which the formulation may be applied. In relation to the optional steps, 106 and 108, the illustrated embodiment may also include the further step of waiting a predetermined time period after such step(s), step 110, so as to reduce the viscosity of the combination. In this regard, a waiting period after step 106 may serve to successively flocculate and peptize the silica. In relation to step 108, the waiting period may serve to allow for the hydrolization of silane alkoxy groups (e.g., when water is combined in step 108). As noted in FIG. 1, after step 102 and optional steps 106 - 110 have been completed, the prepared formulation may be utilized to coat an apparatus component such as a metal surface ( e.g., an electrosurgical blade).
In this regard, reference will now be made to FIG. 2 which illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a method of coating a surface of at least one apparatus component with the inventive formulations (e.g., a metal surface such as an electrosurgical blade). As shown, the method may include the steps of applying the coating formulation to the apparatus component surface, step 202, and drying the applied coating formulation on the apparatus component surface, step 204. The applying step 202 may be completed utilizing any of a variety of techniques, including for example, dipping, spraying, brushing, rolling, printing, etc. Similarly the drying step 204 may be completed in any manner that may function to remove liquid from the coating formulation so as to yield a dry coated apparatus component surface. By way of example, such drying step may include the sub-step of exposing the coated apparatus component to a predetermined temperature range sufficient to vaporize or otherwise remove liquid present in the formulation, and including an elevated ambient temperature for a predetermined time period. As noted, the coating step 202 and drying step 204 may be optionally repeated a number of times to desirably build-up the coating layer in increments and thereby enhance coverage and overall performance.
Following the drying step 204, the method may further include the step of curing the applied coating formulation on the apparatus component surface so as to yield a durable, high temperature surface coating, step 206. Further, depending upon the constituents used in the formulation, non-stick and other properties may be realized as otherwise described hereinabove. Of note, while separate drying and curing steps are shown in FIG. 2, it should be realized that an extended drying time period will also serve to cure the inventive formulations. As such, overlap may occur between the drying and curing stages of the process.
An example coating formulation, in weight percent, is Silica (from colloidal silica) 20 -30.
Filler 15 - 30 KOH 8.5 - 10 Water (from colloidal silica and KOH solution) 35 - 50 Fluorinated Silane 0.25 - 5 A more specific example formulation is Component Mass (gm) %
Colloidal silica (Levasil 50/50) 56.2 55.3 Silica/Alumina fiber (RF 20/99) 7.1 7.0 Montmorilionite (Nanomer 1.44P) 16.5 16.2 KOH (51 weight percent) 18.8 18.5 Fluorinated silane (F8261) 2.3 2.3 Fumed silica (HS-5) 0.75 0.74 For example, the colloidal silica, filler, and KOH solution are combined and mixed by shaking for one minute. The fluorinated silane is then added and the mixture shaken 15 minutes. After shaking, wait 12 hours. During this period the mixture will become less viscous as the flocculated silica peptizes and the silane alkoxy groups hydrolyze. Add the fumed silica and shake five minutes. Wait one hour. The mixture may then be applied by dipping, spraying brushing, printing, or other means.
The coating may be applied using any means that conveys a liquid to the object to which the coating is to be applied. Such methods include spraying, dipping, brushing, rolling, pad printing and printing. More than one coat may be applied, such as within 5 seconds and 4 hours of when previous coats were applied or within 5 seconds and 10 minutes of when previous coats were applied.
The coated article may be allowed to air dry at between about 60 and 200 degrees Fahrenheit for between about 1 and 8 hours and then cured at between about 350 and 500 degrees Fahrenheit for between about 15 minutes and one hour. The final cure temperature may be between about 400 to 475 degrees Fahrenheit. To reduce bubble formation during curing the temperature may be ramped between an air dry temperature and the final cure temperature such as, for example, over an interval of between about one and eight hours or over about three to six hours. The final cure may be immediately after air drying or it may be delayed.
A coated article may be a substantially organic surface such as cloth or wood to which the coating is applied and allowed to dry. For materials that cannot withstand high temperatures a cure temperature less than the temperature that damages the material may be used, such as 350 degrees, although longer cure times will be required than when higher temperatures are used.
A coated article may be a metal part, such as a component of an exhaust system, that needs to withstand temperatures exceeding, for example, 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The coated article may be a metal surface that benefits from having non-stick or reduced-stick properties, such as cookware or oven coatings. Such surfaces can be made from, for example, metal or glass. The coating may be applied to a glass surface to improve its non-stick properties. Articles may be coated to provide improved properties during elevated temperature service including temperatures over 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The coating may be applied articles expected to experience temperatures exceeding 600 degrees Fahrenheit, such as the surfaces near the edges of electrosurgical instruments where temperatures are believed to exceed 600 degrees Fahrenheit and may exceed 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
FIG. 3 illustrates the cross section of an electrosurgical instrument, in this case an electrosurgical blade, that has been at least partially coated.
The preferred thickness of the coating using the formulation of the present invention is between about 0.001 and 0.1 inches and more preferably between about 0.002 and 0.010 inches. Preferably, at least part of the blade is left uncoated or with a coating that leads to an impedance less than about 5,000 ohms so that transfer of electrical energy is facilitated between the electrosurgical instrument and the tissue, such as when a very thin edge is exposed through the insulation. The blade body 1 is surrounded by insulation 2, defined by the inventive coating except for at least a portion of the peripheral edge. The length of the body extends into the page in this figure.
Various additional embodiments and modifications..may be apparent to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims which follow.
Among the substances that may be included in the coating material as one or more hydrolyzable silanes are components having the general formula RmSiXn where R is alkyl chain and X is hydrolyzable, such a alkoxy group with m and n both integers and m+n=4. The hydrolyzable silane R may contain one or more halogen atoms. The hydrolyzable silane R may have a general formula of CF3(CF2)p(CH2)qSi(OCH2CH3)3 where p is less than about 20 and may about 8 or less and where q is about 2. Other groups besides (OCH2CH3)3, such as those based on methyl, propyl, or butyl groups, may be substituted and fall within the new art of this patent when they also are hydrolyzable. Other halogens, such as chlorine, may be substituted for the fluorine.
An example fluoralkyaloxysilane is tridecafluor-1,1,2,2,-tetrahydrooctyltriethoxysilane. An example of such a silane is Dynasylan F8261 (Degussa Corp.).
The final coating produced may have a surface free energy (also referred to as the surface tension) of the coating is less than about 32 millinewtons/meter and may have a surface free energy less than about 25 millinewtons/meter and may have a surface free energy less than about 15 millinewtons/meter and may be less than about 10 millinewtons/meter.
The coating formulation may have materials added to modify its viscosity or surface tension. Examples of such materials are amorphous silica, such as in powder form. An example amorphous silica is fumed silica and precipitated silica. An example amorphous silica,is CAB-O-SlL HS-5 (Cabot Corporation). Surfactants may also be added to modify the viscosity or surface tension of the formulation.
The coating formulation may include amorphous silica mixed with a strong base. The amorphous silica-strong base mixture may be used to augment or replace some or all of a colloidal silicate material and be mixed with fillers or other materials such as hydrolyzable silanes.
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a method for preparing coating formulations in accordance with the present invention. As illustrated, the method of preparation may include the step of combining a combination of silica, an inorganic filler and a base in an amount sufficient to cause the combination to have a pH of at least 10.5 at some point during the preparation process, step 102. By way of example, the combining step 102 may comprise combining the constituents in varying orders and may include mixing, agitating and/or shaking the combination one or multiple times. In one approach, colloidal silica, at least one inorganic filler and potassium hydroxide may be combined. In another approach, an amorphous silica such as fumed silica, and potassium hydroxide may be initially combined, then colloidal silica and an inorganic filler may be added thereto. In yet another approach, the base may even be added later in the process (e.g., at step 106 or step 108, or between steps 106 and 108 noted below). In each approach, the base (e.g., potassium hydroxide) functions to effectively dissolve at least a portion of the silica. As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the method may optionally include the step of combining an alkoxy silane into the combination, step 106. As noted above, the additional of an alkoxy silane serves to enhance the non-stick properties of the coating formulation.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the preparation method may further include the optional step of combining at least one of water, a surfactant and a solid into the combination, step 108. As previously noted, such constituents may be added to enhance the ability of the formulation to flow or otherwise cover surfaces to which the formulation may be applied. In relation to the optional steps, 106 and 108, the illustrated embodiment may also include the further step of waiting a predetermined time period after such step(s), step 110, so as to reduce the viscosity of the combination. In this regard, a waiting period after step 106 may serve to successively flocculate and peptize the silica. In relation to step 108, the waiting period may serve to allow for the hydrolization of silane alkoxy groups (e.g., when water is combined in step 108). As noted in FIG. 1, after step 102 and optional steps 106 - 110 have been completed, the prepared formulation may be utilized to coat an apparatus component such as a metal surface ( e.g., an electrosurgical blade).
In this regard, reference will now be made to FIG. 2 which illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a method of coating a surface of at least one apparatus component with the inventive formulations (e.g., a metal surface such as an electrosurgical blade). As shown, the method may include the steps of applying the coating formulation to the apparatus component surface, step 202, and drying the applied coating formulation on the apparatus component surface, step 204. The applying step 202 may be completed utilizing any of a variety of techniques, including for example, dipping, spraying, brushing, rolling, printing, etc. Similarly the drying step 204 may be completed in any manner that may function to remove liquid from the coating formulation so as to yield a dry coated apparatus component surface. By way of example, such drying step may include the sub-step of exposing the coated apparatus component to a predetermined temperature range sufficient to vaporize or otherwise remove liquid present in the formulation, and including an elevated ambient temperature for a predetermined time period. As noted, the coating step 202 and drying step 204 may be optionally repeated a number of times to desirably build-up the coating layer in increments and thereby enhance coverage and overall performance.
Following the drying step 204, the method may further include the step of curing the applied coating formulation on the apparatus component surface so as to yield a durable, high temperature surface coating, step 206. Further, depending upon the constituents used in the formulation, non-stick and other properties may be realized as otherwise described hereinabove. Of note, while separate drying and curing steps are shown in FIG. 2, it should be realized that an extended drying time period will also serve to cure the inventive formulations. As such, overlap may occur between the drying and curing stages of the process.
An example coating formulation, in weight percent, is Silica (from colloidal silica) 20 -30.
Filler 15 - 30 KOH 8.5 - 10 Water (from colloidal silica and KOH solution) 35 - 50 Fluorinated Silane 0.25 - 5 A more specific example formulation is Component Mass (gm) %
Colloidal silica (Levasil 50/50) 56.2 55.3 Silica/Alumina fiber (RF 20/99) 7.1 7.0 Montmorilionite (Nanomer 1.44P) 16.5 16.2 KOH (51 weight percent) 18.8 18.5 Fluorinated silane (F8261) 2.3 2.3 Fumed silica (HS-5) 0.75 0.74 For example, the colloidal silica, filler, and KOH solution are combined and mixed by shaking for one minute. The fluorinated silane is then added and the mixture shaken 15 minutes. After shaking, wait 12 hours. During this period the mixture will become less viscous as the flocculated silica peptizes and the silane alkoxy groups hydrolyze. Add the fumed silica and shake five minutes. Wait one hour. The mixture may then be applied by dipping, spraying brushing, printing, or other means.
The coating may be applied using any means that conveys a liquid to the object to which the coating is to be applied. Such methods include spraying, dipping, brushing, rolling, pad printing and printing. More than one coat may be applied, such as within 5 seconds and 4 hours of when previous coats were applied or within 5 seconds and 10 minutes of when previous coats were applied.
The coated article may be allowed to air dry at between about 60 and 200 degrees Fahrenheit for between about 1 and 8 hours and then cured at between about 350 and 500 degrees Fahrenheit for between about 15 minutes and one hour. The final cure temperature may be between about 400 to 475 degrees Fahrenheit. To reduce bubble formation during curing the temperature may be ramped between an air dry temperature and the final cure temperature such as, for example, over an interval of between about one and eight hours or over about three to six hours. The final cure may be immediately after air drying or it may be delayed.
A coated article may be a substantially organic surface such as cloth or wood to which the coating is applied and allowed to dry. For materials that cannot withstand high temperatures a cure temperature less than the temperature that damages the material may be used, such as 350 degrees, although longer cure times will be required than when higher temperatures are used.
A coated article may be a metal part, such as a component of an exhaust system, that needs to withstand temperatures exceeding, for example, 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The coated article may be a metal surface that benefits from having non-stick or reduced-stick properties, such as cookware or oven coatings. Such surfaces can be made from, for example, metal or glass. The coating may be applied to a glass surface to improve its non-stick properties. Articles may be coated to provide improved properties during elevated temperature service including temperatures over 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The coating may be applied articles expected to experience temperatures exceeding 600 degrees Fahrenheit, such as the surfaces near the edges of electrosurgical instruments where temperatures are believed to exceed 600 degrees Fahrenheit and may exceed 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
FIG. 3 illustrates the cross section of an electrosurgical instrument, in this case an electrosurgical blade, that has been at least partially coated.
The preferred thickness of the coating using the formulation of the present invention is between about 0.001 and 0.1 inches and more preferably between about 0.002 and 0.010 inches. Preferably, at least part of the blade is left uncoated or with a coating that leads to an impedance less than about 5,000 ohms so that transfer of electrical energy is facilitated between the electrosurgical instrument and the tissue, such as when a very thin edge is exposed through the insulation. The blade body 1 is surrounded by insulation 2, defined by the inventive coating except for at least a portion of the peripheral edge. The length of the body extends into the page in this figure.
Various additional embodiments and modifications..may be apparent to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims which follow.
Claims (60)
1. A coating formulation comprising:
silica;
at least one inorganic filler; and a base in an amount so that the coating formulation has a pH of at least 10.5 during at least part of a formulation process.
silica;
at least one inorganic filler; and a base in an amount so that the coating formulation has a pH of at least 10.5 during at least part of a formulation process.
2. The coating formulation of Claim 1, wherein the base comprises:
potassium hydroxide.
potassium hydroxide.
3. The coating formulation of Claim 1, wherein said formulation comprises a solution including water and at least 20 weight percent of said potassium hydroxide.
4. The coating formulation of Claim 1, wherein the silica comprises at least one of:
colloidal silica; and amorphous silica.
colloidal silica; and amorphous silica.
5. The coating formulation of Claim 1, further comprising:
at least one alkoxy silane.
at least one alkoxy silane.
6. The coating formulation of Claim 5, wherein said at least one alkoxy silane comprises:
at least one alkyalkoxysilane.
at least one alkyalkoxysilane.
7. The coating formulation of Claim 6, wherein said at least one alkyalkoxysilane includes at least one halogen.
8. The coating formulation of Claim 7, wherein said at least one halogen includes at least one of:
chlorine; and fluorine.
chlorine; and fluorine.
9. The coating formulation of Claim 8, wherein said at least one alkyalkoxysilane is selected from a group consisting of:
fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes; and chloroalkyalkoxysilanes.
fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes; and chloroalkyalkoxysilanes.
10. The coating formulation of Claim 9, wherein said at least one alkyalkoxysilane comprises at least one hydrolyzable inorganic alkylsilyl group.
11. The coating formulation of Claim 10, wherein said hydrolyzable inorganic alkylsilyl group is selected from a group consisting of:
a methoxysilyl group; and an ethoxysilyl group.
a methoxysilyl group; and an ethoxysilyl group.
12. The coating formulation of Claim 11, wherein said at least one alkyalkoxysilane comprises at least one of the following:
at least one straight halogenalkyl chain; and at least one branched halogenalkyl chain.
at least one straight halogenalkyl chain; and at least one branched halogenalkyl chain.
13. The coating formulation of Claim 12, wherein said at least one alkyalkoxysilane comprises at least one of the following:
at least one chloroalkyl chain; and fluoroalkyl chain.
at least one chloroalkyl chain; and fluoroalkyl chain.
14. The coating formulation of Claim 5, further comprising at least one of the following:
water;
a surfactant; and a solid.
water;
a surfactant; and a solid.
15. The coating formulation of Claim 14, wherein said solid comprises fumed silica.
16. The coating formulation of Claim 1, further comprising at least one of the following:
a material including a fluorinated carbon chain; and a material including at least partially hydrolyzed fluorinated silanes; and a material including at least partially cross-linked hydrolyzed silanes.
a material including a fluorinated carbon chain; and a material including at least partially hydrolyzed fluorinated silanes; and a material including at least partially cross-linked hydrolyzed silanes.
17. The coating formulation of Claim 16, wherein the base material comprises:
potassium hydroxide.
potassium hydroxide.
18. The coating formulation of Claim 1, wherein said formulation comprises at least 10 weight percent of a solution comprising a colloidal silicate.
19. The coating formulation of Claim 18, wherein said solution comprises an alkali metal silicate solution.
20. The coating formulation of Claim 18, wherein said solution comprises at least 50 weight percent silica.
21. The coating formulation of Claim 18, wherein an average particle size of said colloidal silicate is between 5 nm and 100 nm.
22. The coating formulation of Claim 1, wherein said inorganic filler comprises at least one metal and at least one non-metal material selected from a group consisting of:
aluminum oxides;
zirconium nitrides;
zirconium carbides;
boron carbides;
silicon oxides;
magnesium-zirconium oxides;
zirconium-silicon oxides;
titanium oxides;
tantalum oxides;
tantalum nitrides;
tantalum carbides;
silicon nitrides;
silicon carbides;
tungsten carbides;
titanium nitrides;
titanium carbides;
nibobium nitrides;
niobium carbides;
vanadium nitrides;
vanadium carbides; and hydroxyapatite.
aluminum oxides;
zirconium nitrides;
zirconium carbides;
boron carbides;
silicon oxides;
magnesium-zirconium oxides;
zirconium-silicon oxides;
titanium oxides;
tantalum oxides;
tantalum nitrides;
tantalum carbides;
silicon nitrides;
silicon carbides;
tungsten carbides;
titanium nitrides;
titanium carbides;
nibobium nitrides;
niobium carbides;
vanadium nitrides;
vanadium carbides; and hydroxyapatite.
23. A method for preparing a coating formulation comprising:
combining a combination of materials comprising:
silica;
at least one inorganic filler; and a base in the amount so that the coating formulation has a pH of at least 10.5 during at least part of the preparation process.
combining a combination of materials comprising:
silica;
at least one inorganic filler; and a base in the amount so that the coating formulation has a pH of at least 10.5 during at least part of the preparation process.
24. The method of Claim 23, wherein the base comprises;
potassium hydroxide.
potassium hydroxide.
25. The method of Claim 23, wherein said combination comprises a solution including water and at least 20 weight percent of said potassium hydroxide.
26. The method of Claim 23, wherein the silica comprises at least one of:
colloidal silica; and amorphous silica.
colloidal silica; and amorphous silica.
27. The method of Claim 23, further comprising:
at least one alkoxy silane.
at least one alkoxy silane.
28. The method of Claim 27, wherein said at least one alkoxy silane comprises:
at least one alkyalkoxysilane.
at least one alkyalkoxysilane.
29. The method of Claim 28, wherein said alkyalkoxysilane includes at least one halogen.
30. The method of Claim 28, wherein said at least one alkyalkoxysilane is selected from a group consisting of:
fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes; and chloroalkyalkoxysilanes.
fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes; and chloroalkyalkoxysilanes.
31. The method of Claim 28, wherein said combining step comprises:
first combining said colloidal silica, said at least one inorganic filler and said base into a first combination; and second combining said alkyalkoxysilane and said first combination to obtain a second combination.
first combining said colloidal silica, said at least one inorganic filler and said base into a first combination; and second combining said alkyalkoxysilane and said first combination to obtain a second combination.
32. The method of Claim 31, wherein said first and second combining steps each comprise one of mixing, shaking and agitating.
33. The method of Claim 31, wherein said combining step further comprises:
third combining said second combination with at least one of a group to obtain a third combination, said group consisting of:
water;
a surfactant; and a solid.
third combining said second combination with at least one of a group to obtain a third combination, said group consisting of:
water;
a surfactant; and a solid.
34. The method of Claim 33, wherein said combining step further comprises:
waiting a predetermined time period between said second combining step and said third combining step to reduce a viscosity of said second combination.
waiting a predetermined time period between said second combining step and said third combining step to reduce a viscosity of said second combination.
35. The method of Claim 34, wherein said waiting step comprises at least one of:
successively flocculating and peptizing said colloidal silica; and hydrolyzing silane alkoxy groups formed in said second combining step.
successively flocculating and peptizing said colloidal silica; and hydrolyzing silane alkoxy groups formed in said second combining step.
36. The method of Claim 33, wherein said waiting step comprises:
flocculating and peptizing said colloidal silica; and successively hydrolyzing silane alkoxy groups formed in said second combining step.
flocculating and peptizing said colloidal silica; and successively hydrolyzing silane alkoxy groups formed in said second combining step.
37. The method of Claim 23, wherein said formulation comprises at least 10 weight percent of a solution comprising a colloidal silicate.
38. The method of Claim 37, wherein said solution comprises an alkali metal silicate solution.
39. The method of Claim 37, herein said solution comprises at least 50 weight. percent silica.
40. The method of Claim 37, wherein an average particle size of said colloidal silicate is between 5 nm and 100 nm.
41. The method of Claim 23, wherein said inorganic filler comprises at least one metal and at least one non-metal material selected from a group consisting of:
aluminum oxides;
zirconium nitrides;
zirconium carbides;
boron carbides;
silicon oxides;
magnesium-zirconium oxides;
zirconium-silicon oxides;
titanium oxides;
tantalum oxides;
tantalum nitrides;
tantalum carbides;
silicon nitrides;
silicon carbides;
tungsten carbides;
titanium nitrides;
titanium carbides;
nibobium nitrides;
niobium carbides;
vanadium nitrides, vanadium carbides; and hydroxyapatite.
aluminum oxides;
zirconium nitrides;
zirconium carbides;
boron carbides;
silicon oxides;
magnesium-zirconium oxides;
zirconium-silicon oxides;
titanium oxides;
tantalum oxides;
tantalum nitrides;
tantalum carbides;
silicon nitrides;
silicon carbides;
tungsten carbides;
titanium nitrides;
titanium carbides;
nibobium nitrides;
niobium carbides;
vanadium nitrides, vanadium carbides; and hydroxyapatite.
42 The method of Claim 41, wherein said combination further comprises:
at least one alkoxy silane,
at least one alkoxy silane,
43. The method of Claim 42, wherein said at least one alkoxy silane includes an alkyalkoxysilane selected from a group consisting of:
fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes; and chloroalkyalkoxysilanes.
fluoroalkyalkoxysilanes; and chloroalkyalkoxysilanes.
44. The method of Claim 31, wherein said combining step further comprises:
third combining said second combination with at least one of a group to obtain a third combination, said group consisting of:
water;
a surfactant; and a solid.
third combining said second combination with at least one of a group to obtain a third combination, said group consisting of:
water;
a surfactant; and a solid.
45. A method of coating a surface of at least one component of an apparatus comprising:
applying a coating formulation to said apparatus component, wherein said coating formulation comprises:
silica;
at least one inorganic filler; and a base in an amount so that the coating formulation has a pH of at least 10.5 during at least part of a formulation process; and drying said applied coating formulation on said apparatus component.
applying a coating formulation to said apparatus component, wherein said coating formulation comprises:
silica;
at least one inorganic filler; and a base in an amount so that the coating formulation has a pH of at least 10.5 during at least part of a formulation process; and drying said applied coating formulation on said apparatus component.
46. The method of Claim 45, wherein said drying step comprises:
exposing said coated apparatus component to one or more ambient temperature within a first predetermined temperature range.
exposing said coated apparatus component to one or more ambient temperature within a first predetermined temperature range.
47. The method of Claim 46, wherein said first predetermined temperature range is about 60° to 200° F.
48. The method of Claim 46, wherein said exposing step is continued for a predetermined time period.
49. The method of Claim 48, wherein said predetermined time period is at least about one hour.
50. The method of Claim 46, further comprising:
curing said coated apparatus component.
curing said coated apparatus component.
51. The method of Claim 50, wherein said curing step is initiated after drying step.
52. The method of Claim 50, wherein said curing step comprises:
exposing said coated apparatus component to one or more ambient, elevated temperature within a second predetermined temperature range.
exposing said coated apparatus component to one or more ambient, elevated temperature within a second predetermined temperature range.
53. The method of Claim 52, wherein at least a portion of said second predetermined temperature range is greater than and non-overlapping relative to said first predetermined range.
54. The method of Claim 50, wherein said curing step further comprises:
second exposing said coated apparatus component to one or more ambient, elevated temperature within a third predetermined temperature range, wherein said third predetermined temperature range is greater than and non-overlapping in relation to said second predetermined range.
second exposing said coated apparatus component to one or more ambient, elevated temperature within a third predetermined temperature range, wherein said third predetermined temperature range is greater than and non-overlapping in relation to said second predetermined range.
55. The method of Claim 50, wherein said step comprises:
exposing said coated apparatus component to a plurality of ambient, elevated temperatures that are successively increased within a second predetermined temperature range.
exposing said coated apparatus component to a plurality of ambient, elevated temperatures that are successively increased within a second predetermined temperature range.
56. The method of Claim 50, further comprising:
repeating said applying and drying steps a plurality of times.
repeating said applying and drying steps a plurality of times.
57. The method of Claim 56, wherein said repeating step is completed prior to said curing step.
58. The method of Claim 50, wherein said coating formulation further comprises:
at least one alkoxy silane.
at least one alkoxy silane.
59. The method of Claim 58, wherein said surface of said at least one apparatus component is a metal surface.
60. The method of Claim 59, wherein said metal surface is a portion of an electrosurgical blade.
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-
2007
- 2007-01-25 EP EP07762408A patent/EP1993971A2/en active Pending
- 2007-01-25 US US11/627,340 patent/US20070181043A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-01-25 WO PCT/US2007/061083 patent/WO2007087618A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-01-25 CA CA002639971A patent/CA2639971A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-04-28 US US12/768,962 patent/US20100222773A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-02-16 US US13/398,543 patent/US20120150177A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2013
- 2013-02-25 US US13/776,411 patent/US20130226175A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-10-17 US US14/516,782 patent/US9474567B2/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-10-14 US US15/293,395 patent/US10405916B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100222773A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
US20070181043A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
US9474567B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
WO2007087618A2 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
US20150141989A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
US20130226175A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
US20120150177A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
EP1993971A2 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
WO2007087618A3 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
US20170027631A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 |
US10405916B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
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