CA2655793A1 - Medical devices with selective coating - Google Patents
Medical devices with selective coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2655793A1 CA2655793A1 CA002655793A CA2655793A CA2655793A1 CA 2655793 A1 CA2655793 A1 CA 2655793A1 CA 002655793 A CA002655793 A CA 002655793A CA 2655793 A CA2655793 A CA 2655793A CA 2655793 A1 CA2655793 A1 CA 2655793A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- medical device
- wall surface
- luminal
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/082—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/088—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/084 or A61L31/086
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/08—Materials for coatings
- A61L31/10—Macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30317—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2002/30322—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0026—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0056—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in wettability, e.g. in hydrophilic or hydrophobic behaviours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/00592—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
- A61F2310/00598—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on metal oxides or hydroxides
- A61F2310/00616—Coating made of titanium oxide or hydroxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00389—The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
- A61F2310/0097—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of pharmaceutical products, e.g. antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/32—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using means for protecting parts of a surface not to be coated, e.g. using stencils, resists
Abstract
Medical devices, such as endoprostheses, and methods of making the devices are described. In some embodiments, a medical device includes a body of interconnected bands and connectors forming an elongated tubular structure having an inner luminal wall surface and an outer abluminal wall surface and defining a central lumen or passageway. The inner luminal wall surface and side wall surface of the bands and connectors forming transverse passageways through the elongated tubular structure can bear a coating of hydrophilic material and the outer abluminal wall surface of the tubular structure can bear a coating of hydrophobic material.
Description
MEDICAL DEVICES \NIT11 SE~~`.:..:E~.~"~ iVE ~.~ONFI:~``~U
CRO~~~~~ ~ ERE'!`CE '~~O REUVFED APPLIC:~. I'~ONNS
This app, ifi.;at.t#.F?. Cli;fms p r"ioi'tt S' tt? US.. ~fL}~u'741(xz itE
A}7~3I3?~:s...ix;l .+s~fat{i N t?. 6 0,.'r8 18,10 1 Y2f I x::4i ~f: ~f~~~t. ~;.~,2i.Z+F~'~_3: r3-}t3C:
vC?~?~k:'.:?~. '`~~ 4 ~? ~ Y~~~c r.~`t ~,~tfs.;} . . ,`"?4F: i~,~
i.. 4r '~ ~3 r'si?~,.C.ca:
No. 60%S 1 '3, E0a w3.F.e;F fwf?i;tota.ed by reference as pmrt of .b.ts:-Fppl3'~='zFiit?I2.
~ TIi:C~~~ICAl. FIELD
a us :>fi i.nSÃL?A3 rUititS..s to #.a?..=df.cd devices, such <f.., :;:nF' z .
``
t~'t,~; ~: :~st:~>~'v'i ~ ~.<. st~ f,.as}.
BACK~~IZOUNI) F>L t;{' Alr t~~'.~.~14ti ~'i#FiL}t:`~ i:~.aaS z~ig~.14'i.f~''~~' :iLFC~~".Y.i~4 ....~:~:a.i~'.5., ~?''.~F~.:` blood S i;' 4f ~~; f:~i~:
~ ~ Ã w a,~\<.~,4~=a~'s~ .~\ ~L`~i~3C:_If~?C:~ ~;.i..:Z?fsl~'..
Czf~LiLE~t..=t~ c.=a 34e,:><~.ft,.=C:. õ~~;F.
C<af`:'1pls , fl:i p.3. ~.3`yti t.,.3Ã: a3c tF4:Cif:ldG=d i'7y a t:#.T#et?r, i..4t_.Ictot. b v 'ca i liItYFE's or i.v..a1.3 :cE~.,.d b?i' an a:i3cla ?y'8m. W'#3Gli this <?t.t.un, t.~t1c.
piEssag4v,='F y c:?f'. be =oor 4.teF.: or :Y`.f..1F?fi`srF:ed., O`.' even replaced, with a medical vndl3pf'C?st,`f!.=s14. .'S.F: E.'I?taf7pmus`s..,.4sfs is ~+
3.v i-}~cal+ ci o.Ib#..,<tfr member '~iri ~ $~~ F;~ "?h.ifG, t the 5 11] a 1-LF3?~.a=~` :.1 t;~~i?L(~'t~vr: ~; Y.~.~':1_~;lf....~ ~..
. .õ 1 i ncloprosIffi..ticS >?=3+õ.iudc;,;ei7t4, covered :*t6.F"1ts; and titezF~
,gp7ft:`e.
` ~ "~`` , ' , ~ ,r ~.~`L.f?i:~f.f;~t:rt:'c~L;: i:=x~I.z ~?~.. 4.C:..~'e~i"ed~ fI15id~:~
.~?f::fC}tlr ~'~ ~~ a .,.f~Z;;#:i.=1+,.a, that ti.f~l~~z3, e... miZ`.
OT t;opro4,.bÃ...is ;F. ft Qf}. f3p<3cted or if.,dLÃ.cid-sfze ft3rf1'z t.ae oF'Fdt?pI'ost,.~f~:s`s :', :1"a7:~po3.'ted i:t? ~.L dv4,.3 d.z 4i i:. 1-3-pt).1 :~.'i3i.h;klf,;, the `~aF~Ãi. ~~Ir ~:.F't i?~~?st~,LsiS is .:l~.~~Jc` 3C~4~a, it',., i,'.~:~tf.F%?=';~u ?3"
V ) alknvod ?,.xpand, so that it can Lt.?2?ti1'~4.',f the walls of the humLn, .~~Y~i~(?~?af?4t~is:.:si..:i:r can be f.:tt~FtB,.t? t.':tl3 ~~~iii~:,C?:?1~};?i.Ft1C~lC' f3:a.Fi'~=...ziAi:t and/or .,.~i~`~F~.2ti~t'.'+,<I.iFC;ti.
!Lt 'z~>;::l ~ ~l fa`~~, ~ = ao>:`~t,. l`r ~. c:fF 1 ~ ~U`S%l: t-Fr,; r~_i:l:
i ~~ :^ i#F`..Y}d::fits.
SUMMARY
The d.isGlt3sE1z4 Ff~lLi"es t{3 n14dfcal dcv.Fct,.;, such <1:+
ont`t?p"sl:wk.':^. T,.i<: ,a7Zt=;`:~:~.}~i i.5 F~fc.'*.?.'Lz, >.ts.:'...tttz~::~; f}af xt.L?k' tf.FMi+'~.?~`S,r~~` ~~[Ff `+i?GF~f.F~.i.Yj +. ~:G3`.F.k-.~}r~}st3~4sL-=s.,~. ti, > i4tarCxph, zfc ;3F;f.i:=oF' hf d.F<tplai7biS. allows .. fEfF i;t,7if.',.3"i.#fi<?F:
i5ft.omp).Er .?:.
25 b,t;.f?:i?3e[.=4FE+'.; ooiFt;ng P.f:.terns i.m., :.he Ã`ndop..(?sih$ aC:s, aa a?>w .3:`ipC>E:l, tl'$fi.'. daS(.'=i{):ii.art, ~L`=sFtuPes a medical Eaek.`:,4,.e ?:t:av1 `#g a body o F:.3ts .uF;`.#-moot.f;'.ii. D?aafds and '1:onmt,ct(?a`a' fo# Tfi::g 'c~'#?
elongated +iFbCdicar Struci.,F.e, lu viFag#.?n F.?i)t.>r l.#.i7F.,FtiAi WSFil `uFfa4'* . 4Fl:ix aII outer 4Ez?l.#f71#':1c1l e ''all s.#.F"ak+.. and defi,?Iw3:; a cL'#:\.....a 1UinLn, \ , pa;."3gew{.z, wb+.:Fotr, tbV :n#iLd 1t2mna1 wall swT,~ce a.tFkl -si\ac "',sFal su,fa4'c c.:A thw.
F?.3,.3L>~~ i,La a:l'13.tat,.i.tf33_5f4'333ii3naf i:`,aF..s4 e.aG
pas:6e:~gmv"e.#y ^:h'?:sjgj7 0=.Fc tii ?ii.laFÃ~"
structure iiiei33' . C:1f hS'd-::o;-~IhFl#4: T1>c.lLi:i1aJ and tr1;
iiaF~.`s..'I yF bll:a:a?1":'al wall su. .,aL:=f: of :hw tubtF:c:.,: sti.'#.ILtF3.I4 bC'.ms, a :;t)LFtIn={.,~ a?f :mlÃ'iF~"'1hF3b'#c n2c`:1.temH:1L
?#i 3i>C;,...,7ui:: anmy #...F ut1e d3F'id.,' S`r7' rnoSi: (.1f the fol.?"'.,iwl.n ta:,s.3tF.?Ã'es At Fw'ia~ei o`:?e or SE:lectr..d3 rl ~'#i t~s of ~.tf .(~ #.Fi;~ial c3F7 d side Z~ ixil :~i ~'.;i~+.25.F..,s of ~v,.a`
~. =
I F7~vÃ..ii:~t3l dLy#i'.i..; ci3f.e ba.i3A c`'.# CC3#.ÃtFalg of h'}dF'oph?l16.' material, e y \upe..f hyd.Cipl~ffl::S,. r..F.at'~?#.a~al, r. 11. .. Q:: if L:#id :.#Ã'.i:ll a:#;.id side vi}r`,fEl st.1ra"r.@S..E;k of the TI1t:diC:al d.vFcZ', uiF;l bear a coc3'#:.11:g of .la;rDt n:;p}F?..Ft mz3, rF al, L' supei aydÃoph7liC material. At least one L3? Y?::? 4 ,:ic4tM
:C~F:3fiti ?F cf P~3 ?taÃiA, 8;3rf~.L:.o- of dit E~aL+~#a az E3~G=i'z4t CaF?.
4fli' a i~FtF~`~w of hydrophobic r-f~1z3tcrF:31 .? ~ rf ' tliatF: s.:.d?t.?'~. ~ fa 1l 'rI D= ~ Ye':i. ~G
i::Z3.fi bear . ~i>.t~~` ~3 3.Y
:F~"r~.?.FIF~?i#:azk~~ ~1FC.~~:~.~L of the I2,4t~.t~.i; ~ ~ 3a :'i3~;
W .
hydrophobic ai 43tcl'#:'r3.1.
The coaf n _g, of the :1n13nil side 3#`.{~a ablui7;#tle'?l wall sF F fel<ti's can include _ ~.
k..tF`l::E~~ ( 1> \xSFi'. ~ .3 (~~.1,{.,~'t ,i~ z' g. titanium i~$E3:~S1('3F..
~~.Ãt'Ã..F;c3.FI#i t~j Fi~..e~w (.x) +.caa~.
11_vve s. F # ysac`.l:???L' h$.FucF"lF#'::.'x u g. t3f: in a#3 c#.i#.ato>e or 7'EFtflG pzxi3w: _W#l ?#'.:,uuF
oxide Q.N x.) ~ l.C.., be in C+t.a aFniuqph1Zus phase. T#}.u#i?m(} yt oxKZSu..
(-x) can tFc. 1niF).2 ,ai<fn Dn.' 20 phase cd1m~:)i>wd :t,..#th at least #3?le of fliz fE3flf3whig phases:
,.Ifi1z'., iz"D'ook_i~~:w. I,Zt?F`JLl#.1Ãv.;
i~#i~C? ~~i ~ ti.#Fi#,:`~.~FII (. ~ " ~'i S3..C1~`~.'. { L-ir~ {.1~ ~. and :~#.i.iI,.FLI?:' ` +' I i?xii `"~ ~~
~a:. ~:.i ' ~ ~, ~ f ~~ , ~. . F>:;.iF~.F#~F?; ~ ''i~ 3 [Jx;YbÃ;-(^'x) E.,i.a< be :.:3.1Gt por#.:?us, G=,g, i"fl'v`o'po.`oLIs o.F"'#
A#i.:."^.'o-poFoF,:i. 1F.i.:aTaa.f> ..?}:idL?
(-:t) Can bC uFie s;l}y S.F1iL.~oÃl i.L., Ã'#":A #:liFl=Fli pt'3TC30:s, II?, addÃt13.3n to >[1t, i:ti.?x?t.El':? ` r .;) oxide (..'ii. :he ciownih can 1i3.clude phosphorus, t;.g,. F:al7 to :?% of pl,-,i_3j~:.~ho.. w by weÃg``.i:.
5 ;Ã. addition ~~ ~~ the tiia.iii:iii-~ t ~. i cfxit~~: ( -~.) a~:~;r~.~~' ~-~E~.~~s~?1.~~~,-;~.s, c~.~<#.t:~~~; L. Ã: ~ii:;~~~~ie >ddÃ'.:~:>.~ t3:S:$ck ;3i .F'uthL:=n;.um oxide or bo(tF. :#~.'s'#.Fl}.um (+0 E:}5.`zÃaf,~ can bi.; dop f with at least one of ;i, 'roi?o'tY:13~,~ Ã`=li:22entti. carbon, 7?#:tt'is4:;;3., btsia3tf:ffi .x:l ..Yõ~.;dõuTfb ~.' . =.
ca;, be doped ist::h, bs3t`ii b.iS:irf3:h md i;'zar1adFi.3::u< A lz:ve3"of t_rr?.FrEiL ~t~#~`_=A?t} l`s'~i Y tg., illk`v:?
:iak -mt;, itFy: \ihm>~' mad/t>z ft.it:.?.ii.?zFlz4.yl s;31a# L:, c'r.#:F~?, bi:
~~tcp<?;.,,fted tweF .3e 1') ~3 t#,F. S'3a.~~;;.FLiÃy examples `.{f organic C:o1:7pol "If s ha.. can be d: A-ZC3sF.4 :a over the 4 o.3:#F ..
i.FfL.AL2s``4".= oc+..3.iac1.4i:iDi3.a17ir and acid.
1 h>< i:~.Y.a.~ing :~pcxÃ: tho <~~~unataial 3vall ;3urike :.,;u: also include bit>n?o:ec;.tlÃ.s, e>,~,, v. .
-3rl.P ,lra.'.l. Ã ?n? a ? s C?lyn ~ X > ~ =,, y ' ; a L w"' ~ = :yk ' ~a:¾F;?~: x 'Ã.1~,a.,:.~`~e%
.F~.', ~~ a~' ,., .F v.,_ - ..
:E
e~t7`, G#~?lÃ:1,3>?x,3;#.E ~.i~ aFl~~ Ji#i'~`iFE<~' t:F~, ~ ;F~.~iit ,Ill`~~e~.ldti . = an Ã?I.;~..,i321aL solvent or a .3L"i~i':i,phE3iSI:: HpFd c3~.`+s.;.:e, a 1w F,.L3w:#.`z~..r? ..Ip¾3.F;. the ti3,3l..27.Fnai wall 4I3rAuE:4 c.&, fitr.:41Ã'LF r 4`y:; l`rAõd:.' (? ) Ã;.{3..Ãfi3::gii b.imc-slCt1FiE! e.g., ?IiB.tsiul2'Y dFÃ?x.1de coating with i?i?z`.1s?.,ci~iliv.S., c-an .dÃei'.lF.F:ÃSe i=(?x'ld l>v~"-,f' ?3. t:.t a,? [I!a'A i } y,1 oxide ('?s.)5 a.. g."
tF:aFl3ldF:'3 d1{'s:4.Ãdw.
CRO~~~~~ ~ ERE'!`CE '~~O REUVFED APPLIC:~. I'~ONNS
This app, ifi.;at.t#.F?. Cli;fms p r"ioi'tt S' tt? US.. ~fL}~u'741(xz itE
A}7~3I3?~:s...ix;l .+s~fat{i N t?. 6 0,.'r8 18,10 1 Y2f I x::4i ~f: ~f~~~t. ~;.~,2i.Z+F~'~_3: r3-}t3C:
vC?~?~k:'.:?~. '`~~ 4 ~? ~ Y~~~c r.~`t ~,~tfs.;} . . ,`"?4F: i~,~
i.. 4r '~ ~3 r'si?~,.C.ca:
No. 60%S 1 '3, E0a w3.F.e;F fwf?i;tota.ed by reference as pmrt of .b.ts:-Fppl3'~='zFiit?I2.
~ TIi:C~~~ICAl. FIELD
a us :>fi i.nSÃL?A3 rUititS..s to #.a?..=df.cd devices, such <f.., :;:nF' z .
``
t~'t,~; ~: :~st:~>~'v'i ~ ~.<. st~ f,.as}.
BACK~~IZOUNI) F>L t;{' Alr t~~'.~.~14ti ~'i#FiL}t:`~ i:~.aaS z~ig~.14'i.f~''~~' :iLFC~~".Y.i~4 ....~:~:a.i~'.5., ~?''.~F~.:` blood S i;' 4f ~~; f:~i~:
~ ~ Ã w a,~\<.~,4~=a~'s~ .~\ ~L`~i~3C:_If~?C:~ ~;.i..:Z?fsl~'..
Czf~LiLE~t..=t~ c.=a 34e,:><~.ft,.=C:. õ~~;F.
C<af`:'1pls , fl:i p.3. ~.3`yti t.,.3Ã: a3c tF4:Cif:ldG=d i'7y a t:#.T#et?r, i..4t_.Ictot. b v 'ca i liItYFE's or i.v..a1.3 :cE~.,.d b?i' an a:i3cla ?y'8m. W'#3Gli this <?t.t.un, t.~t1c.
piEssag4v,='F y c:?f'. be =oor 4.teF.: or :Y`.f..1F?fi`srF:ed., O`.' even replaced, with a medical vndl3pf'C?st,`f!.=s14. .'S.F: E.'I?taf7pmus`s..,.4sfs is ~+
3.v i-}~cal+ ci o.Ib#..,<tfr member '~iri ~ $~~ F;~ "?h.ifG, t the 5 11] a 1-LF3?~.a=~` :.1 t;~~i?L(~'t~vr: ~; Y.~.~':1_~;lf....~ ~..
. .õ 1 i ncloprosIffi..ticS >?=3+õ.iudc;,;ei7t4, covered :*t6.F"1ts; and titezF~
,gp7ft:`e.
` ~ "~`` , ' , ~ ,r ~.~`L.f?i:~f.f;~t:rt:'c~L;: i:=x~I.z ~?~.. 4.C:..~'e~i"ed~ fI15id~:~
.~?f::fC}tlr ~'~ ~~ a .,.f~Z;;#:i.=1+,.a, that ti.f~l~~z3, e... miZ`.
OT t;opro4,.bÃ...is ;F. ft Qf}. f3p<3cted or if.,dLÃ.cid-sfze ft3rf1'z t.ae oF'Fdt?pI'ost,.~f~:s`s :', :1"a7:~po3.'ted i:t? ~.L dv4,.3 d.z 4i i:. 1-3-pt).1 :~.'i3i.h;klf,;, the `~aF~Ãi. ~~Ir ~:.F't i?~~?st~,LsiS is .:l~.~~Jc` 3C~4~a, it',., i,'.~:~tf.F%?=';~u ?3"
V ) alknvod ?,.xpand, so that it can Lt.?2?ti1'~4.',f the walls of the humLn, .~~Y~i~(?~?af?4t~is:.:si..:i:r can be f.:tt~FtB,.t? t.':tl3 ~~~iii~:,C?:?1~};?i.Ft1C~lC' f3:a.Fi'~=...ziAi:t and/or .,.~i~`~F~.2ti~t'.'+,<I.iFC;ti.
!Lt 'z~>;::l ~ ~l fa`~~, ~ = ao>:`~t,. l`r ~. c:fF 1 ~ ~U`S%l: t-Fr,; r~_i:l:
i ~~ :^ i#F`..Y}d::fits.
SUMMARY
The d.isGlt3sE1z4 Ff~lLi"es t{3 n14dfcal dcv.Fct,.;, such <1:+
ont`t?p"sl:wk.':^. T,.i<: ,a7Zt=;`:~:~.}~i i.5 F~fc.'*.?.'Lz, >.ts.:'...tttz~::~; f}af xt.L?k' tf.FMi+'~.?~`S,r~~` ~~[Ff `+i?GF~f.F~.i.Yj +. ~:G3`.F.k-.~}r~}st3~4sL-=s.,~. ti, > i4tarCxph, zfc ;3F;f.i:=oF' hf d.F<tplai7biS. allows .. fEfF i;t,7if.',.3"i.#fi<?F:
i5ft.omp).Er .?:.
25 b,t;.f?:i?3e[.=4FE+'.; ooiFt;ng P.f:.terns i.m., :.he Ã`ndop..(?sih$ aC:s, aa a?>w .3:`ipC>E:l, tl'$fi.'. daS(.'=i{):ii.art, ~L`=sFtuPes a medical Eaek.`:,4,.e ?:t:av1 `#g a body o F:.3ts .uF;`.#-moot.f;'.ii. D?aafds and '1:onmt,ct(?a`a' fo# Tfi::g 'c~'#?
elongated +iFbCdicar Struci.,F.e, lu viFag#.?n F.?i)t.>r l.#.i7F.,FtiAi WSFil `uFfa4'* . 4Fl:ix aII outer 4Ez?l.#f71#':1c1l e ''all s.#.F"ak+.. and defi,?Iw3:; a cL'#:\.....a 1UinLn, \ , pa;."3gew{.z, wb+.:Fotr, tbV :n#iLd 1t2mna1 wall swT,~ce a.tFkl -si\ac "',sFal su,fa4'c c.:A thw.
F?.3,.3L>~~ i,La a:l'13.tat,.i.tf33_5f4'333ii3naf i:`,aF..s4 e.aG
pas:6e:~gmv"e.#y ^:h'?:sjgj7 0=.Fc tii ?ii.laFÃ~"
structure iiiei33' . C:1f hS'd-::o;-~IhFl#4: T1>c.lLi:i1aJ and tr1;
iiaF~.`s..'I yF bll:a:a?1":'al wall su. .,aL:=f: of :hw tubtF:c:.,: sti.'#.ILtF3.I4 bC'.ms, a :;t)LFtIn={.,~ a?f :mlÃ'iF~"'1hF3b'#c n2c`:1.temH:1L
?#i 3i>C;,...,7ui:: anmy #...F ut1e d3F'id.,' S`r7' rnoSi: (.1f the fol.?"'.,iwl.n ta:,s.3tF.?Ã'es At Fw'ia~ei o`:?e or SE:lectr..d3 rl ~'#i t~s of ~.tf .(~ #.Fi;~ial c3F7 d side Z~ ixil :~i ~'.;i~+.25.F..,s of ~v,.a`
~. =
I F7~vÃ..ii:~t3l dLy#i'.i..; ci3f.e ba.i3A c`'.# CC3#.ÃtFalg of h'}dF'oph?l16.' material, e y \upe..f hyd.Cipl~ffl::S,. r..F.at'~?#.a~al, r. 11. .. Q:: if L:#id :.#Ã'.i:ll a:#;.id side vi}r`,fEl st.1ra"r.@S..E;k of the TI1t:diC:al d.vFcZ', uiF;l bear a coc3'#:.11:g of .la;rDt n:;p}F?..Ft mz3, rF al, L' supei aydÃoph7liC material. At least one L3? Y?::? 4 ,:ic4tM
:C~F:3fiti ?F cf P~3 ?taÃiA, 8;3rf~.L:.o- of dit E~aL+~#a az E3~G=i'z4t CaF?.
4fli' a i~FtF~`~w of hydrophobic r-f~1z3tcrF:31 .? ~ rf ' tliatF: s.:.d?t.?'~. ~ fa 1l 'rI D= ~ Ye':i. ~G
i::Z3.fi bear . ~i>.t~~` ~3 3.Y
:F~"r~.?.FIF~?i#:azk~~ ~1FC.~~:~.~L of the I2,4t~.t~.i; ~ ~ 3a :'i3~;
W .
hydrophobic ai 43tcl'#:'r3.1.
The coaf n _g, of the :1n13nil side 3#`.{~a ablui7;#tle'?l wall sF F fel<ti's can include _ ~.
k..tF`l::E~~ ( 1> \xSFi'. ~ .3 (~~.1,{.,~'t ,i~ z' g. titanium i~$E3:~S1('3F..
~~.Ãt'Ã..F;c3.FI#i t~j Fi~..e~w (.x) +.caa~.
11_vve s. F # ysac`.l:???L' h$.FucF"lF#'::.'x u g. t3f: in a#3 c#.i#.ato>e or 7'EFtflG pzxi3w: _W#l ?#'.:,uuF
oxide Q.N x.) ~ l.C.., be in C+t.a aFniuqph1Zus phase. T#}.u#i?m(} yt oxKZSu..
(-x) can tFc. 1niF).2 ,ai<fn Dn.' 20 phase cd1m~:)i>wd :t,..#th at least #3?le of fliz fE3flf3whig phases:
,.Ifi1z'., iz"D'ook_i~~:w. I,Zt?F`JLl#.1Ãv.;
i~#i~C? ~~i ~ ti.#Fi#,:`~.~FII (. ~ " ~'i S3..C1~`~.'. { L-ir~ {.1~ ~. and :~#.i.iI,.FLI?:' ` +' I i?xii `"~ ~~
~a:. ~:.i ' ~ ~, ~ f ~~ , ~. . F>:;.iF~.F#~F?; ~ ''i~ 3 [Jx;YbÃ;-(^'x) E.,i.a< be :.:3.1Gt por#.:?us, G=,g, i"fl'v`o'po.`oLIs o.F"'#
A#i.:."^.'o-poFoF,:i. 1F.i.:aTaa.f> ..?}:idL?
(-:t) Can bC uFie s;l}y S.F1iL.~oÃl i.L., Ã'#":A #:liFl=Fli pt'3TC30:s, II?, addÃt13.3n to >[1t, i:ti.?x?t.El':? ` r .;) oxide (..'ii. :he ciownih can 1i3.clude phosphorus, t;.g,. F:al7 to :?% of pl,-,i_3j~:.~ho.. w by weÃg``.i:.
5 ;Ã. addition ~~ ~~ the tiia.iii:iii-~ t ~. i cfxit~~: ( -~.) a~:~;r~.~~' ~-~E~.~~s~?1.~~~,-;~.s, c~.~<#.t:~~~; L. Ã: ~ii:;~~~~ie >ddÃ'.:~:>.~ t3:S:$ck ;3i .F'uthL:=n;.um oxide or bo(tF. :#~.'s'#.Fl}.um (+0 E:}5.`zÃaf,~ can bi.; dop f with at least one of ;i, 'roi?o'tY:13~,~ Ã`=li:22entti. carbon, 7?#:tt'is4:;;3., btsia3tf:ffi .x:l ..Yõ~.;dõuTfb ~.' . =.
ca;, be doped ist::h, bs3t`ii b.iS:irf3:h md i;'zar1adFi.3::u< A lz:ve3"of t_rr?.FrEiL ~t~#~`_=A?t} l`s'~i Y tg., illk`v:?
:iak -mt;, itFy: \ihm>~' mad/t>z ft.it:.?.ii.?zFlz4.yl s;31a# L:, c'r.#:F~?, bi:
~~tcp<?;.,,fted tweF .3e 1') ~3 t#,F. S'3a.~~;;.FLiÃy examples `.{f organic C:o1:7pol "If s ha.. can be d: A-ZC3sF.4 :a over the 4 o.3:#F ..
i.FfL.AL2s``4".= oc+..3.iac1.4i:iDi3.a17ir and acid.
1 h>< i:~.Y.a.~ing :~pcxÃ: tho <~~~unataial 3vall ;3urike :.,;u: also include bit>n?o:ec;.tlÃ.s, e>,~,, v. .
-3rl.P ,lra.'.l. Ã ?n? a ? s C?lyn ~ X > ~ =,, y ' ; a L w"' ~ = :yk ' ~a:¾F;?~: x 'Ã.1~,a.,:.~`~e%
.F~.', ~~ a~' ,., .F v.,_ - ..
:E
e~t7`, G#~?lÃ:1,3>?x,3;#.E ~.i~ aFl~~ Ji#i'~`iFE<~' t:F~, ~ ;F~.~iit ,Ill`~~e~.ldti . = an Ã?I.;~..,i321aL solvent or a .3L"i~i':i,phE3iSI:: HpFd c3~.`+s.;.:e, a 1w F,.L3w:#.`z~..r? ..Ip¾3.F;. the ti3,3l..27.Fnai wall 4I3rAuE:4 c.&, fitr.:41Ã'LF r 4`y:; l`rAõd:.' (? ) Ã;.{3..Ãfi3::gii b.imc-slCt1FiE! e.g., ?IiB.tsiul2'Y dFÃ?x.1de coating with i?i?z`.1s?.,ci~iliv.S., c-an .dÃei'.lF.F:ÃSe i=(?x'ld l>v~"-,f' ?3. t:.t a,? [I!a'A i } y,1 oxide ('?s.)5 a.. g."
tF:aFl3ldF:'3 d1{'s:4.Ãdw.
The coating upon tl'~e k]'31 ;3a<z iii2d s>d-4' wall surfaces cam :~>: ~Es irclu::,c :
HttFn:?F:'cuzÃ's v g .
T..e t:fi<1th1iz upon t1:f' abluminal, iF.FF`F?i31,':;l. aI'ld side wi.lF
s~.~~"s'faL4s i:".aa,, iõ1c;.iido B T
'molieF:lc ot the abluini..Fal wa1:iu.f..e eclafitng c<~rl ba, of a C:3:ff ~rLnt fzÃ?3i? ? o.iT.I(.`lv,cLlles of ~'tbi li:~s?nF:'lal <'kF7.il sFd"L'.'wa3l sl'xlwc5;;_i In .>nt}th.;, as ~~~F,~t., i~lt'. i~?:5:~.i~:~[lI`S: f4%;iiFF'i 4 Ã~..F-IiE'~.fc.Fl ~._ , i's>~L }?. ~`IF f a ~Yf}f.iC of interconnected i,m3d-, F#.Ã' connectors %or"lw..lng wa v.:: .?ngr_Ftud tubular simi.'.=tE$..~ hi:F` z ltP ;:21 7?...er luminal wi1?; s`ii#`"ttl.f'e iÃF1d an outer `.bl#.1#11?.F"f'e wa.l s::erfiÃFC.tf wii1C, t3z3wfimFng 3c.:`s?i>'iil F~f iLimun oCpCd s1r. gc1;'aX. wi:d'.4'}'VS.n the inner Ãud2AD2TLYn wGFS
sC2J.+.iYcc. 4itil,: 4x"sid~. wall t~'Tn wSeV of the bands Fnd ons? l'.tÃiI s iLSi" II:I?g, tF'i!i'isG'S'.I"i+' passl à w:ny4 tbIIzI." F.hi: C' a3Ã1c :.S t3.'..,:~~'Lili3$
strucwua. bt.E:i"E? i;oa E?Fag i?f h d7'o ph Zkb iL:-mkllmilI LF3Fc_I ti?ti cFFa`"'a.^ ~ 5 3 l,i.~L: : ~ s F F F?: o o f :ho t+.x_~b~:lsr st: "LrL~iL2.'i'~ g ~ v a t~ ~'~~i a.~'` tF coating e:-Ft:~~g f.?~~~~~a~~~.i~-~fpl>iliG ~~~Fi~..~iz~l.
r .~731~::~E}f~.#.rnv,`r'sts :~2<~.~~ include C:F7~-` ~}I .F13E32't of the fiZ.~b;-~zL31z?~.? I`~c3tL.F`<:t.
20 At ..i9'ciS or F%3i?:Fi xt=lceted I'E'=,gdi?FiS of il.Yi lE:F:1l':cil <3.F3., 41i>G= wall s..3.ffF;::fõa of the e't7t i3ià al Ã'v Lc i"i ~>~ ~ a t:;Ã}ci~7F"F:~ of lt~'C~.['~?~?~3Ã?i?FL ll.::
t~::,'F;.~~. or i:li~. S:1"~tFF'f'~ lÃ,..i?,,..i at...~: sii>~:~
S:<7ll iti f.,3C: onedlical dÃ:i~ica.: can bear a coating of r'lS`ai# ?~?;3<?
?Ft, F7?ÃF3.~FF:F3.. At let;St Ã?,.?e or more s"c,t.a~tE'd rcgit?z?.n i?tVr3Sv abluminal sF#.Ffi3Ã,:=(: of the n.C.dÃa..l device cc;-a: .7ew- a coszttx1g of1hS'asFophiPic. xnaaa>,s.a, c.L:?,, 4upoÃhydrt?pHÃ.c material, or fffic. c;'Fti`.'i: z?..?b, `."?iÃ:ir2.E
.l.5 i=1=Li.l surface o.". :a?G.Fxdv.~`.F.e'c3I dÃ;'a;t'c can bt'.~: a i;i?at]n~.f of ~'3~'%E#"C}~'.?.aTF~~A1z. xl#."c#.iC'.`~.ci., e:~;.s 3, ,{ E
.~~2`~ivc 7:i,'~='1.r\~~.?i~.F3it;~ :~3t~2~L4r:t~iw.
, I ;e co~ ~inr,g of tho ~~unffial; side md abluminal w:izl svlraacLs ..~in inckld`~, tÃ.om; mr---:
(~~ ) O+131s c \" L.\ 5vf=. t-iLai1_FLim dioxide. 'Z (&a32_FZ31[?i <-" y1 V.\IltFv( \) 4i(rl Lawc +c2. y1'L>=F)..FI?e stLw.L.kua"e, c.g. be aF?. i:d?t anatase or F'l:tFl`t>> ph.3tiL:=.
TF.uEFe?uFa? ( ',-y) L.x:de (-e ) v.<.E.:d bC: Fi.? i:f13:
~: x3.`114?i 13~:! >Ã3 pi?_=--, Titanium ("i" y)o c3d4;: ( X) %'<iitd ~.'+z.', :F$i c3r; ,:ii3af.Fs.4.= ph-.,:e . v.--t`_.~bi.lwd w ;;l z Ã3:
?C.'...? i 0-ne .5f flh+`.' ?i?l;Ã3Y'. iÃ.{- l1~.i:*Ã's: ,..F~'.ile.
~#FZ>i.;~+rFt`v.', ~.. ~ e2i'1.. .Y :t.: zf ea. il#~. E
y, ;~3 ..:.FI.IS., <?.'iSci. ,,~li. ,!'>
~-~X-Wi? (--x) (1:), and tltc$lli;:I71a (-j-Y) o?s1de ( x) (H).
TF."1e3.Ã3lzf`s3 i;`:Y.T,&: ( .K) 5,a3's be ÃlzÃ1{F-p.?f=(?usy -:Yte;io 3?<?'`>us i:' .",?'I#.ci'<`,-poit}Lth: ..F.taniE#;a3 (4y) oxide ( .'i) om be pnvÃ`%1.lly 41?L?oth, .z s:=.,. not f.3:?u<?-pt?f'z?Is. I.7: addiÃ.toÃ, io the ?ilaÃ1iu:1'1 (1) oxide ( x), vxlo coating c4iu ?,?c?ud'e. 2'?hOS~,~I'f.tl'ls.: L g.. up Ã(i 5% of phosphorus by weJg~`~'#.
IIL, cadG?'.it3Fi tii Oac E3Ãini.um?.
(+S ) isxidc {-:Sj c;"3 `..`3'? _' p;7oq)boms, the coating can #.:E
'A]d.F3:T: C}.{?.C>.5:: or tl::r:?ea?:1ET:'.:
im& or both. 1 :ta-:[?14~,.3 (-`-Z) oxide (-x) can be dopvd w$~..ia at k134i one of Ow 1:13l,txw#.mg a'aLÃ.dwm.t5. iron, t'sl'=e. x ,. xi,. ?~.> .
`~t`J'z, ?.xt`:")~;s.'Ã~. ~3e~'1`sÃ~3~~? and ' ~.t~;?~~b'~.d~'#h, ~:;F; , ?
t;~iÃ`: .~`~. ~a>3 ~
t ?e~; ~^~>~;.? ~ ??-~~~
L'+.`ai-nuAl1 and vim,,dlll1um. A layer of l?..gin'a~.`i.c cCs1axpow:d,, L.23,.. 3lfiy3 :4 =int:, t`, a l : i.aF?e < - t i` ~
~:cla'c`3i .{.,?.~,. i_r' ~~ r~iikCt .7 , :i3:<32?;. ~:~,.ii ;3: deposited over the i=tcrliEiT' ~ = Y') oxide ( ! ) ci:iwt:i3i7~.
i. S~~~.(:~?'3t. t.Xialt'1p~.~:,4a. of 3'~;'.i.?;?~t:
i,:[:a?~?E3..:~,#:+.4 that i>:. i?="'N deposited ~)~'r>`. .ti~:
:i,_t::7:~ 1.`i+'c.~1t~''`, <? ..ai~~~~ ~ifl<:":=.o iliii s`?cti$dC:e'rlp:aos-Phi?n1c acid.
11fe a%:t3 1iisj .#pi, i Fi`v' i3?~`km.6a'~#ax mkl1 S"i.ifi.t:e can 'c#.ls(`} .iÃ"cil.'.d ioi t i upoT. the <lioiw7?,.T1aE w;.1,l s1.ffiG<`s' ttt`3.t`2mn oxide ( x} i~.':yu i.Sr with :giomi?lC.Z,:wli`.'s. c..g,. ~itcaiAlam dI{.m3.`C` ti.i:)clti:lg, v4`id7 bIf3m#9le:L'~Iles, caF? I:x"cl$`sCo-G a Jecjr.m 15 layer of titanium (.i-v) t3.-,,l:lie (-x), {.`..~.t,~,, 'Itltan;:'LIm d1C?xide.
T.L. coating 'qt?n t11e ..'~1mIn.:3l and side w4f: 9ur-t6 us can t3hs,C? `.
ilwhuh;f.o b? 1.iZ ~?1.... ti. i..: w:i3 C: tt L t x y ~ Z,.Z c r~ n ~ .<. ,.C.._ _ C~-C....,e,a.~~`3~.8~}.t~. .~ ~~:t..,?ls,'~+>~:. ~i:+`c;
:::~, also include ~i ,~~tnm:
..sb~.`n`:`>-i3 st3''CS:nt;). The coa:lin', upon he lt3m`.:;l:i, cm:C: 4.d:, m~`e.?t`
.'`,aw. ~ ",~:s S..i3, c? i<z, ~`3i. 3 ilFL "7#dli.` ~: `~~~ organic 5~.~iEZE:~:i or a *¾?'v:f{~?~ ~~3:>Ã3i. ~` ~ ~~"x:lL. 3. ..B: ~~3 ~-~J<aõ ~ .
c.+v.~:"~3t~, x:~lt +,.c. ,..sts..SF~
20 GIa?o'n:t ttle >inii:>cil i`=Ii?is side wall surfaces, C g, tit:.`iii3lun.
(+}'') oxkk ( x) c:fcfinw ZO?b b3tDnn<?le .t;4.. ?.~ tÃ$.c3a?.f.l.n dioxide coating w:1ti`i bii?,"iol~'..L:"'.15es5, t:utfl., 1`1L::E.i:se,.; 'sL.G,iil:?t~~:~.
iay`~.'y of bt.?:I>ul ? l??i ni.'. c 4?.. tltil.3_:`ah?'1 d.<',xidF.x..
a.S.: Z?,}c>t.:.~~ "u-Pf3n t;.34 a:?llaT.11.ltllv tiUF?k37.i?l and s."tdcw<.lA ti%ri,xct'.ti c<i1.. .~il+::.'=.T.R.:ac b?om.t>lmfles, B1t3mi3aeL`~ule4 of t~~rc abluminal Yv'-aal 4uifa::e coating cm`i be of a d1ff~.`#'~11t 25, t4pc .:_~.3~WL.~ the \?iomok'V0..Sa `iFi the "I~.aw}2FLa1 and :1F1fk wall ,S'u.d'Ni1Vs co.dti2~:`a.=a sa,. l.??3s.:3;.he' aspect, tht' dihcl[?s.t`S,:ffi;~atureJ ia#:lf.'t.7.od #.3f;?aoduLlxs.3'::a a.?E:2dzS.~~.~~ taS:v":z.
::?i n3effioaa Inz2v a:g the f3lli? '1ig (#) c(i :2x tõ wc?.lF `.iu:'f .3.Leti of a a?ed1c:]1: dei.lcc hc'2F'#:;` a b'E3dk. of S: :1~
i:?..i :t.:s <:`d co1'lna.ao:'<s R?i'mi1lg an s.iC?t]gi~te~ tubuhuF
3trt.ÃLuF1`i. .i?iiv>1iw ti.s~ ;:1neE luminal i^:'illt :~ + S.3ifc.i ' ..3 i:x? OvAer i.l~lumla: l 6t i3:l. 4sx? facE? and defining ,A central fiu.llZn or pS x<l5;Owi#3'`
W
hefti:A .?i; xnnerl:;~:F71#nel.l wall surface and SIdC w:3ll st#. f<3t`4' of flne bands . .".+:.. .<=:).3`3e.:"o':ti t[~[15 } ( y ) Y-i .f.Lt.~.a}. l4'CrL'i~~k ?1~tdsi1 a4~'4GA C~s L~~}.i~~}l.F~fC~ the ~..`FS.~:3gCAttr~L L ¾.~t(i~~~al umSctum wSLh rC,f.?A.ISE'i.' tiuuaiw21 (f'y) a?xIdc ( i). o.&r li::unit:f'?5 d,.f3Ytde;
Ziz, .;:~:3i?sÃIlfw the device to i.. [?I7i. .1tl`e`tt>s sfz.a::U.Ã.T.t to C.f...sf-r `hw blta.tlai'r~I?.
~
oxide #. x r ~.:~i~i3.ti`~~;~ ~i:i`.= ~3`mi~ hril,t't?~7_d~it3hFG:
Cifl,~ ::='Cix?slf3u whzett:d surfaces of .hF'i3-Ii:dlC;ila device to <:i:Il3..Itz.iC?I?: 4..~xfacie('It to c:.f?.dStr the Ã.ii3.nt.:f2:'E (4'y) oxide (-x) coating tir become stape-!'hyi<rC?j-pb1aic; <S:>:d O'< ? c o.a 1ng tFx+... :3F'rAici'3.: det';e#:. in a -fi1'st s?"`+.t.lti{xnL
compatible Wi:h des~it..eCa bl Ã5mirli`cul:,s.
..mbf}dTmJn',s may include one i:31' lilo3'i= tsfthe ft;i.ld,wlitg ie'aturt%s, T r~u~ {:-Fs. :'(.rxx.ft:on Ct?n be i?i?I?.-pt:}lhà f.=si;?C?l4Lr. The first solution i:i":i. .I?uaudc a ~? s. ~. t~`
d3.'=:ii3'f:,d b#mn`ae5 L'.ci.3,3c,. wrp.i. 11 : `cx:sS.r` ~ l or ~1.,'~,3f~fr.I~3. T'~:3 ~i'. ~~~ t ;~t;<t. fi ~. rI t..~.a 1 : ;ht> Ii.t~ v ~`
a p+.?l)-ne= L `:,.. ~5i~~i'L~iw'EL1?L f3 7~t?~? a ~'~~.Y7t ~? it~I't11G?{. 11C
first 4s;3lutii?? Ci.a: ?nf;'lE..C.Z ~
hid:'i;phib,c lipid ""TSule, ` ,3e i:' . si;li~.af}`? iclT: ii1i luf C' fa a lC c1St E3ftt'pt?li:Yi' 4olvi ni fi3 Ãi:C:
1>'~' ~ +~` 5 r~c of ;.z?s' ] )fy2F 2s kyR , ) least `t~ ~t.~4. ry ^`]~ ` p ?
r <~~ r '~~ . ~F f...5)r .
.~ ~ ZS Z-~i.~+.~i..3tr,~'~-}~3 f.%S. 43t\:3l~il~'~i}.l.:i~F ~i-=~r.St=L..LLA%~ at =~itdwTL k>tltA ~l'f:~dv:A ~1..2~ 4~. ~.\.=\~~
Ãtl .1t;hc.?te to tiiae >.;c ytrpfif~~ie sutl"ace, of tt,s.. tneclicFlA
fle,~ict>. ,,?4 solution \.~lte Ync.fl\a;.= at om E.`if,::wiC~kl-=~r~-~il.. L.Zi.~~9~?iiCi(~i l'fr tk'it..~~ at least one :sf_~F~~i',i.~itt \+ g,, t~,w.~.:~~
~.3o2i:f?lecf.f:e ~
s;:f3-~;~.1.t:~~lL; Ai~1t., #.~e~: polar s~fl~''i.nt r`i.Tl'~T~ a second ~~?1f3;21:~.~,~:~'.;~~i:= ~=i)d?.^n"~:c.i.ÃJ2e irfth the 32C?~~z"
pi3a.a? wtra i:::".]t'. . .3t' fis`~~ hF{13?loli;%'fxle can be hupii3`ln and iht; second b1i?I;3EZzf.=:;=-ole +..:.iF3 i3o ..~..`~'. pac~~taxL.... .. ;`.34 first solu4#:on can further iwf?inp%15fv <.lpoAym:$V
isc?bat:v~]enc-b. ~c.~). The fins1 s-oJvaion can ix-ia.~~~~~~ ~~ydrophobie lipid ca,?su1cs Coll.i.iÃs?lFzg bii?.1'?o,es';:u "vs, as Wela as hyd.M"i3phIlic fywqps.
1E1fr 11:0#.hi>d Cc'sll haZ t, a further afr:? of coating the medical device in a s,uci?n:ia at3lutiof`` tonnpcs.1~. ie 'Ly'iFh di'=S.FTed~ b,i.`ia:olf,.ClasC'..>. t'he vot;tiflli: st3Si:lfion ca#., be r`:oAI-;?ttliis or 25 pwzu {A li~. 4eca.,l.~:`iolio4.ion. cmi include biomolecules, L g:..
p<?S.i.~~~xel :Zr ,~opa.+in, :'lir:.`.
s -ovond sl?lÃ.:a1o;.3 can $Ã>i ludc a po[4ui~,'r, Thi.' St;vi.nd :olu>iL?~';;~
can. InS lu:C3::;:3 hydJ'4.3p.'.?i>i{.Ãcl liA7td i:<fp~,,Ãz:.e, 'lTi?.t: nlE;thoEi f.;:;:3 include a fua thd::3' step of coating the F.?dE.f>.ki:al {x:'o'Ft.c of 4s+.p (0 W~th e:o ~ ~~a~tYa~..A ~*. ?7.~ ` -~n11L r`~?<i r.:1I~.1~?'td;'Id ~:..~`~,~.,., alkyl 41A a :~ 5 `iati~.L= =~=?=3. i..~" ~ ~~t.F. .?.~1:3w.
si.E~
~;iiC~.,', :;4f`t=~ wa < ~~~~ e:me:
?pe+...illii:c%t.y,. ofi i ad~:.`~cyl yil iint: l I' `>~t=~i]i~L~C 6'~~~ ~tt"~
it1E?dt: c C 1~.
"qw conditions of step, (ii) E:an i:ricluEic pi aaE:=ing tlÃE. n:L.dic,;>
:Iwvz;:e i.i the dark e?..Fsd==<`I ~=L .t-}`"#.:bbinÃM. ~he =E3I?d1t3;f:.Ã?'13 CÃf step (Ãid) can ?nC%hide fli11;?lF'kÃfi:lg vta.i11.C:i.s i4, th<:
?.7eL3.lL;[ÃE {.Ãev?Lc 1hr.l:. bear die L+ k:t.Ã>?g w?tl1 iflt?i1vlL3lEl.
light. At least a ~eg:E?z7. \?:i "ho 4?...t?ffis33. and : i.Ã.:5: w'+.'Ã.il 4uÃ`fi1E.o-s that bL.`[?r ths =c(?aC3Ã7õs~.f, tiaÃi be 1.Flu':?#Ãn:?.ted, At i,.GE:;i, z3 Ã r+,.giC?Ã.3 <)., flne, :aE?.uE:`~1?:.e~l W:il suA'facc tl'1at x)e3:e8 the coating can +3L= :ilE..lÃalifz#,t a'=z. St, i3 dii) F.cÃF: E?lsE;
`=i<: ..... v ~ t~~ :r ~ 'Y1..?~~
~~.u i ~~t?3'? ~~f ~:.,?.ÃÃ'~. :.~Ã,a:. zt~; =~:= ~?~~.4 IÃ:L,Iu& Y.x..~~~ti,si.7 ~ <~ at ttut t ,conL3it3i:ab.. ?urlki?'{it for $.lie surface Ã'ig?.on ii bC.L,C?;.T1e hVdtZ:pEa_s::?? 11 S ., by 4Z=O~~; Ã'Ealbbi??{-. 2 'C ~t C i?4,, t ~i.:t ~?'~ +~3E.I Ã>4: Z~ +: a~~i' ~7i.:~, Et,4; S.~': ??> td'1U dark.
~ f~ , i'+aÃ?.Ã ?: pÃ'a?w~,s of ,`_*tGr" (iv) can b`, d'~,pcoatYi7g ei<t~ ,Ã
iiS~tt i~ ::v# .Ãv#rw, k:
~{à .L ~,.Yb:'t.<3:#c 4i`.i3v .~Tlg El t 1.3 i35p1Ã?a?n?l, ?ÃÃtl$3 S' ,< it~.a ,~ + gw ,,' c~t r, ~}'a.. 1.>.:.:.a.~.#~i?~z :Ys~L~ (-x) t~E?EÃ~ d?` i:i3:i] ~, ~G :lt .~#::~:f?~ L"ÃE>?aÃ..L. ~.~,?c_tà ,_Ã?. The L=C`>x:MIÃr can h'swL. a cT'?v'sYi.aiaÃIlo smFC,t1#ÃGr i?.g,,;.., bc; in a #`l3iiÃSC; or <3?";..3.tcu,;c phs:35:. . IErF.Ã1 :#.m, ~ zÃG.~.ÃF? E ~},.:~.gE.Ffi'. .y , I~e3.Ãn ~'~i , C.t ~'".,, <~ Cti,~`.3. s.i4 Ãi? c:S.Ã# ad.^,4ÃLasE::
ox.dC. (..`4) c=i:Ã3i bL. .n an aÃm3~F~Ã`4<f:tis phase. e phase cCiÃx1bi~3E:d `v6'ith at, least one of the IS.3lEoW.7nx p.?.Fi..4t's, ruiili:=, ?,im7k1i:, ÃS.,o3'..+-FL.i:n.Ãi.:, i 3 ??Ãf?q?}?ow t. .ÃEGa?:Ã t? ( Z' ) oxide (-x) (13), and i:ita?Is?1Ã-nn (+y) `:1iRLlE.: (-x) (a-:~ ~ TÃ.,[ m?'tFe?
mud's'. ~ 'S 3 :=~~Ã? be miiTlo poz'E?ll~,,, e,g, .{7ei{J or T2 ÃL Ão ;si3.Ã'etu*< ÃtaÃA`. w? v } oxidE) k; =F:d.Ã
:?8 w.Ãai.'xc.-~.3y smoE.$th, ?,a:., not nil:Ã'Ãi; Ptl'i{31.m zn "e':ddÃtiigÃ'L. to ffi.: FÃtaÃ?.e.E,?;.i dioxJE3e; tI1i.~
ci5aÃÃ'ÃÃ~ ~ j , i ~. s to 5% .~ `R "`4 ~,. ~ ~~` ;e`,Ã, .
lÃt. .~., tÃL..?.Ãt? ) Ã?: :~
u ~7. :z~i.a~.,a~4 ~ ,x~E ~~3~ts.>itÃ~, ~'.M, li~ ': o of Ã}Ã?t>~~~i ~Ã.A
the t3tci`a.?1.. t,.# S'Ã-i3 ??:1d4 ( '= . ~~ c$ilYi`a3Ã rs?`Ã63s-D:'li`rE'us4 the E;oatiFlg 6,..ÃE? include ?aõdiÃ:?~.m o?,.ÃdE`= or ~:. 3'.ami'.Ã??`izm ,) midE' or bE?E}l. Titanium f? oxide ( x.) can be doped wÃ,.h at lL .aoE o:Ã7C i3z th4~
feH{?wti?1` c?( fnY.Ãzt:?.- i >)`lu carl;3cm, 1..Ã.tr(:gen, bÃs.-mab and t`m,?c3H..Ã:?"P, ~.~.. 3, t.,x<E: be di?:?el.
'4vÃ;~~ '~:;jt.,? `31.:i:]?.I?`.~s hÃTl. F <Sa3.i:C~iuF:2:t. t~. l~3i~'~LÃ`
of E~:37#y .,:6,.LFÃ,,~~Y'~C~?`ylÃ~..5~. L ~;., a.~,.~L l `i`.~.13C., ~.?"~;-3 sisFa.Ã'?u and i:' _izi..o?"}}..ilkyecu xbe dzpL,Bif:i.d over 1i3L=
i?$w?n3al"z t$> i`s:4Z>~' Z-X~
i..fsafitlgSpz'>`wÃfic .::u7ai-pIE,s of i::l"~2kÃ1Ã~ compounds that can It?e depi.3Si`..ei over the :: ~Ãk~ ~~ E~E~ :~~ :~Aec~=.~sil~Ãa~.: uà .~~.
E~~:=t~:~le~=~ri.~~?~~s11h1~r~i~ ~t~:.:.i~~~, i c ~ ~ . ~ . zy = t `
3?t 13aati~?t d?S~.lC, ail?s; ~?rt?'vÃL~aeS stents 447t..] various ~
~.tatez:Ã1s o x ~: IaL.~rhobla; a1.~.
ilyt!Ãt5i3h'{,.ak coating. ThesEi Zt3a$3f1g P::1tt41'Ãas allow Plt:i.E.mczl¾
of various bÃ\?:T?t?-if.'>w3#.Et 5 <.3?1 .:<iÃa8 =L~;Ã3ÃMS ??~A'c'#- StE3~t E j Ã~~?:Il}f i à i t?33~~l~'~i. ~?
i3#1":{:3lt=EÃlC ~?E?~~Ã<#~`.M on s`i1?,.s, ~.~~:Ãe dis4loz,,E1#.t: .?aso provides methods of gE'Fie<?.7.txg 4tu,?ES xi=?i.11 such co?1 pi::?: 0>.3aÃ.3#:g and/E>a .'`. `k`.,=.t^ ,.
E ' ~>, a.ts.
(~
Tha tel`>`.z1 b.:ca?a#lt;t;ltlc." as used hwiS.::#1rcft~I"G to chL"Ezic;il c'smpisLuads. ~at4}~; g=Es'i#~
s2~.:`.Ã=a;?, dru;7~i. compositions ard L:l,.z: +.xz;a-t biological UDlQ;is o.ilÃ~~'.nvn;ie dLfiI.cd. F$ll. `'.eC;b31i['<.EI and wIi~n;ffic ..',nns Ãts~-.`ia he"cn i1F i%e the .. iat"f3e me..ia3.21g as coi13I'no>1l} wndeI;sito(:zd bv one of ordinary skill in the a:;. :s3 Gvh#.6.a> this ~
ÃII'v~.'nt>i,n t~i=~,t ?~. AkthES`s.lgh -nll=fxE3ds il.Iid a:1atoP'.ials sõnxwli.3.r or `~''.qu#E'i3.lf:n'y. to tho`:`i.:
de, 3b`d ie`C n can" .zL` used 3I7 tiIe practice or EcBtIEzg of +11Ã pta:.:ie.lt t:E uet`.. ~~:'; 5.3:1~t#:~~:=
me}izr. s z3r3d.umte,lals m;: i>awribc:d bc;lmi'. All pubhc~.:io, S, pate3it apz =.,.,bti,,.r),s, pati:.i7tC, nt3 ?t.>er ?1`v,.I LiI; are :lt?.E:omi- C?rc,i.eti b+' tefei"i.a1..,S.% in their .:x f?tli:I'L;t~'. I~ : z:':;:~~~6"`L~~~iC:~', ..~?t'.= 3I
;+~3GC:if?~,c$.it3::y i;lE l~3i t1=ct Ci ~Iaiit;li~`~, ~~',~. ~:Jl"zi?t; .
II. 23.ddE3i[s ., t1w, mat<3ii3l~, methods, and t`xxii"Iplt:4 are illustrative i}ni,-. and not >n$e-nawC? Io lx. ?ffilsfing. Other f~ntubt:s :und t~l~~G~~~LC~gc.s (af Llte ty.~sclc~s:~~~, i ~ }} , e; ~
advantages ~. S.. )~~E~'~,t:a. xE. ftG. ~ a n t"h\:
~ \
following d~:-;.w ...~d description, andftc~~i-~i Ãtle claims.
1~ ~SCRIVI]ON (W D:1~~~VV~NG'S
W: aA :s a pn;specf.ivu view of a. stei-it..
1. IG. :'~ 1,37' .4 a i,mv.'i-sot:=uw` of a woffl of tffiu stent {ta.k4'"AaA'{3w]4; {-V ft=![~.s. =( . .. . along La3.~. `.i: ~ i t k..A.
{
3 IG 2 .w a flow Ou"14 of w'` i'.:.Ob[)d1m?4=1`ltofa `<iethC>ia o~:~:tL.=G
GI'T..=Is r L<~ s of '?"En, , FI(a. ;?A i`c`, a in i?4ti-sc(:li<3.i1 of i:t. wall of the kei-;.zZ of 3'ICK I
A, taken El{.?:`}g thC. S:T:+.:~
0..AI'Al.
C
F"(~.. .~.to ;3 i3. MzZ>} ~~ Ã i1:C.'sl't ofa wall of t1eLtel'1t of FICi IAõ
:akti1'a cx3.3'n~~ thL:= izi.:e:1 AIyAl.
. IG 4 is a flow z.;>ail of aI??3.Uz' embodiment t`.~'E a mtÃ.i10d :`f:iwhwd ve;:4. i:t?at,ng;
the mw1?~:
.. DE"IAILE #3 .~~SCRI P'Y1O.N
Ra~ri:rilv~g to FIG. `.'A, ;4c37l 10 hÃ3v=73g a body of il'ik{'Icon-n`::cted-ba..za.ls z,? and I I I?):'.t3;fa.i1Ã; an cpongt3;eLa w b1,~~~r sta aC:.tu.I'w. ?;a .ntio'4'.='.i3.. ~L ~S a F'7:i tF. to .`. ) :G, x B, i~_i~G:
LdC?.`;:.. SG.cilo.i3 i.`.f tta'#r: bC3l.iv of \t"t-;iIt 10 shows tlial the stent has c... ÃnF`.L=# `s..#?e.#:L=i:= z3.3.<
il: way. J.,.i::?ce 1.4 <ii#d an outer i3bl13tnTn<3l :~ufiacG 15. 1 ,~37L=
si.3r~:~4~,.` ' :s. 14 s:.. ~~E ~~ ., F:=`~ ~`
surfaces 3 "?s a coating 16 cf.f :.auaiU0:111 cixÃG.e (-x) e.gn, tAtailÃut31 alÃCkxlde i TiQ.,;
C:FO.tin,; 16 ~iw I #InIn tal s'Ja:F'l'..is..E' 13 and 1Idi: wall :~#.sF~~IGL: 14 fÃ.E.Ik3.e' .nL:ui:`,,.:i bà )1.3,.lC.c?.3.. : I:. Coi3ffi-1g E Cf3 Et3R abÃuF..#: _:`.i33 t?1..3rfi(ct 15 furthve ll2oTudb.':'+ b.Lo `ilt`ra+:.=i wios 18.
te: : 10 S.%1`iE bo pri?d ut;i d in a VaÃ'Firty of Y a i's. FL;" ex iImp le iol'um 3? i 3FIG'. 21, a . :31e~.~,.itt; 2~? f. J,~.i.st~:.ici~lg StL'7tt 10 ~~ ti~ 5elect.t~'e3~' uC3eft4=Ci 3~IT cÃcE4:ÃS s~escn ~Z~~;i~.. ~~~~:8?~ ~.t,;.ti 21). s.[il:~ ~ w,~n~~.r,:~ " ~ :s t4at,~~ l5d:sfhÃÃ:f~i ` ~,ir r~ are 4s.3.~.G=.: < o .r~ ?=iA ~~;:. `~#r p 2`;~
generated (step ~~~ E:,~~r? ~.:,f.
., a. 4,~,,.3~. ~}~i,Ãi '~I`_iR~('=
~.; ~ , g e; K :~i~ 3 p~~. i = cA ' v 4 K supi}r~~ =~ '.~r~~~.~~~~' ~ v . ~ ~I;~.: ~ Ãk~~~: , ~. ~~~~c:,.~13~~:,RI, in +.'.:ra ,3Ãm~ 16. Steiit 10 iS then bC. exposed U.S conditions "nÃ
~ic:~.'~3A :a? Ãs aE..sLt~'Ã.i<
~ ~~ ~ ~r! ~ '' ~7 ~ ~ to t1 ~e t ~a {- ~~, ~ '~ ! ~ ~ i 31~, , in ~'=' ~ Z .
:,y <s Z ~ t~. ~ ~
~. , i a aa~ la~_. tC. ,. + cUI~i4= .E~ 'i~~Ã~~. }l~ ~.z~ (step ~ C 3 . ~r~~v .'~ ~~4Ã ~: a ~ # . a t+o1 :NF
~CÃ ~=3 4>Ã'iit~Ã ~~=a`aL i6r a couple of days 3r by;:: process called `wetxrubb ilg ,sC.+ Kxim.i +oxi ~` rf t .. , >ti.. h 3C @ '~ SdySt~)~ 3 z a., ~l.t:~.~r4';si .3--~^ - , i23. L~I]Il.~l ~3. :~w*7"3~;J~,3bi)ph.lic z3`c3,.i: is i..i:.-:i:.d to a 1i?rdlroiSho;.?Ã: st.ii'#.<1Ã:E. by removal of the, aur~:c'.ts.e hydroxyl ?;,oup:~:
Yi Ii Et~:L allz a~t v4 of vtS I~~. ~Z ~~ are ti3`Ãi o3~~(~s~: t~? E:C>Ia .a.t .f~nC SiÃff::<.ÃL y3.~ r:~~ <..i~ i?
coating 16 L~ft`liLi selL=1:ted- SÃiraL+w'.s to b4c+~.~mehydrophÃ.l.t:=z e.g., s}.Ã.lnAhZ~dà op.Ã1l:c ; @rK:p 1'7 24i~,: '{ t >.~a .
,~~ . `?4 ~:x~ZC~i:ÃtÃ'i.. .i? l3r~.3~'~. For Gx~~37.~~,lG? :KC.is:'~'#I,4 ".~~ Ãar ..~_-, 3 , . 3A, :1.~`~z'#:C.=C% of K
lf m,1.~~~~t :~t"3~t. at.j can be pIa~:et~ ~.Gt~~;.t~tl~ ~~~ the k~.~~.;~~.~
~~ side ~a:~ stent ~ ~ .;.~ ~r~~~~~~~G~
.,.t }~ t~..~ 3~r '1. Light ~a~3~li',,5. .~~: $::~L'C:. S~'. ~ ~~'~x st; i 7~~Ã.~i1Z>.Ã~it.~..~S ~:.Il`Ili3l~~l s..II and ; < je '~ t~ll õ s:;;Fi ca G~t:. 33 .~.t;Ã..:`Ã:`~KF
~
coC sà ni~`:,.,3, ~.~.`Suci$ 1'..FL:7in# 1%Ã.ti4`}`3l will ~wÃ.~,Sw [l)crt1.::~ a~~ ~f) ?L i=liSFl~ ~à ~S~ by uÃf3 W:.?.Klo l,,`,,ht sot3,.ce 30 1ll:.12%"J.illtltf",:>>E.r.ri-kcs- 13 and 14, z.1:3luf.nia?A surface >:.` ibea:'ln'.4 2NI w i><xyiilfi.: 116 Ãh :Ai)i.:<i.i~ frcm ctpt?titaF't;, i{<4s wdth~ a '{.umEil't.l. hF:.:; {:ftt;x si:(ffi4#.ent i.~lwnÃ.~.~iatAony tf.ÃS.- i f.'suYt,ÃÃg sLent 10 EfSõ"`i;'r:% f`,o'c~~in; 16 t:a(Ã.t :-sup~.'ehi4'L3Ãtjphil,4 oii lunainaf suÃ'faio: 13 e:"tÃ:d..à ,~,Ãdo ws,3ls : 3.t1 ~r`~,1ce 14, ma..~ h3rdl'[)pl-tobl.f.: oI:1 i~aiEf.mhaal SÃartcÃcS 3.5, in zà wiha.=,. crabodÃ.mt:`n 3ri, flli7ti+i'aE-'d in FIG, 3B, a source of ult.c~i%i~oÃe ;.ig'i;.f..30 C:m bv placed gi:I'wrci:lS` otl b_Ãblilm:S1aa ti`'id^K,.' Ã}3 4fi^c.nt 10.
Li."~!)JA so.ai:.L. 130 1fllv"nnFn:,~t+u.s. tlx 2 5 ahlum3'i3 m that be<iÃ's co:Ãfit>g 1.6 i)f`] a,O,. h;~-,'ht source 30 fflt:K.;?2incttÃ;4 .> acf 1 ~7, swfai=es a? and 14 are ~.~l~okLd. Thwi, ~~ftcr 5utf;cienr il_wÃ,;nawiÃm; th-vo :'e"ultIT3t Ml.nt ~0 bears Z'.=S3`f.ltlng.i6 that Ã.5 hyS.S~~opi:.$3W4.=k53.i atii,w$-m.n.s`1urfiacc' I?wnd Fiydr<.phL>bÃZi :fÃt luminal s13.~"i.,ke.Ãc[.:
13 ai?.ci SÃdC.' tisl:t'Ã"aad,'e 14.
BC3ih, :3Ãe+.-:F;.po.5Ã:1:Ã"~.', 1.:E.f,trz4v1t?x~t 1a~Oit cxpi-5'zslaiC, and wCGt--mbbinG,',.-~ G==.ÃÃ? lbe ;3Ã.? C_.s# iwta out on a tii.:l[;ctivi ;:?23.cÃ"i:~~scalLe vastly eXpax d'1t1y ¾9'#.e &tYrre of h~f~""o~;?~.3:Ã~.l~. cFi?:~~
hydmphob'Ã.c aC.g`L'fm~ L4a;:`.At(.= Ã7~ 10 that c[Ãta bC I'ealyzf'd: Ot::e5' paki.teFiÃs, e.'.#. addition xm: thC:
;~
Z~~```5,.;==~s.F.41 ~tt;,3 "`= i:t~'~ ~'~t'. I'<.=c:?.FF~k:.~s. For ~.:~.i~i~ynki '., ,..ne:~ i~`. ~?~`~~}~i~~:; ~~SF~.~il.t : % . .Ã:
ones ` > ~a~; Ã`a~`,L?v^r a f ~' ''u.rf'~~:.
13 and abluiF3.i#a'ri) :St.#:i fi3.C:i' 1. `` i'-mn bQ tE:i.'!'ned hyd.o~liffiQ , t:.eo$:i s t. l:g}tt :`:i:?C3"-~"lirf3. .111 ailc3thi:s Ã:rfl'r pZ?a'i1o7iS of coating 16 of any of xbi;: surfaces i 3), 14 ,.#.1d/t).; 1:5 mm'y `1~..
~"` ~.Fi:rI~.L~.~ .i>v~GFik.~3i'~>l.i~.~. The possible patterns are ~n#.dtn`:#~..'sF.ti.>
; ? `s.lYShi <, t,fi>.'zli#` E:d:r FIG, 2. std:'Inà 10 beui'F3~T.
i:'~i52.#Ã3;{i16 I~ . is ;; ,,, 5#ydF':;ph]lxc a::i6, hyi,1.?3phi?bic is then c<.'s3ted, c:g, 11hy dF`E3Z:oi3t! a?gr Mz,? as41st.i`a Ff;i #Fw;, > v ~.`lec:m5tctÃo ~*n'~y"#zn.l;. dectroCpints~a'~g, or ri3ll-Ã,t.7afing I.F`
&;nit'Qd s.IbStane.`s ci:.3Fn1p.1;#.blw ~-i? z#. +`.ieSim, b1on-i';lt =i;ulÃ,s 17 and 18 (stel) ..~~..:?). For L=.xcnmpi:, sÃt z:nà 1.0 :'ml be .,o.itLC#, L Ã;.;
S
f.:i~#~1$;t3 in a .#c ;ix"~'3{3~3F~a :>i.?l~F-~.3'iiF: containing fF=
bIi).inl>t'GL uq !r q e.g., pJaidF .eui. ,.F y ky:.i.'=ii.'C. (F.'::~.Y
" t up to it3{e by ~=v'i:igl1t E?r paÃs'~it.3?.el) amd optionally a pol ym`~.`'=; `+..'.~"'.-,.++ ay~5:4#,."F~: i~
Ãt`':~f7n=-:I ,inmi,'1%Ãe#.`F 8uI."vi4:L=s bearing 1:uCil`12pbFC L`=i3Qiti#n, t 16.
I'l3.+w ti`LC.iIt c::fn i?C: d,.io.a w'.d 3.h, process > e3S.t:.:+..{'a, building layers #.,pt]n the ?:ib`dÃ'+?pAi<?bIc _ wn at:cs. In wno:ho I'z;.?oC~z:+llÃ..~e1.- ~
w . ~'=
sÃa.nL 10 Ca.:i E3u 1.1r,hm` cf1Ãi=EL'.il. `.g., d:ti?,i?ud U3 a pi?hai s'olidtiw. z.,Un'._iA FIF:Ig sF#.Jd2':' b.<ZJn'.'to lmu i.Ã:y % ...~pa#".'f.<3. p}':I a#.' solution Vx.i;:I adhere to fla<.#.i`#.`.,#lzit =i.`'+su...Ã'.ai<e..r ..n'=:lI'#=:'rlg )s?>/ i \#y?e~~#T(4 = rC t ~i+; }. . Ii'( ) = { ,¾ pf {~F.:*,.3t211.n)[ c>,-ayts q f<}f~~LiiiAntrL1aa(~L., 1Ã~.i3~{. a}~)$ } {i can Y ~l1~ t.rZL~LL/t7 tt{
,::
i tb . 3 \:1~LZ.a~i~.. ~t.=:. t.2(lLr ~ ..4 ~ 'Y t~\
3,.pc:.?at`a3 g m1>, ci:iJ>,: iLE: spr y"i7{!, i~.~4~:tF:'t?;~0:' s~?#.c'#:Y$'S.3e~Lxits5~?.ist~n,gj or roll i i#i1:;.(~?dõ, _ t. ~-= .=
n.3i a soh.nFi?n that .ini;lue.a#.::i a comb..n'<Ftno#1 of both pt3~;;, sFT.t?
:lo.i lxlrclF s,?';'vtõ3.~ A-vEEh n'uspÃ:cÃii..li dissolved blo?:i'#.ii;i<t,'-uh,s ain`id, optif3i'Ãa.~1y, p:?%i7t':.ets. In this ui#.bt?d.i meF':l, the t~ z ~ li~. . i'~.~, cxz~#.:S ;Ã n 5' :; ~
211; ~-. `~ t~z SE 1.~'i:l. =i ` ,:: t:? the 4 >~.. :~ 3~. i:,;lc. .~. ~4'~5 {:1~~~.11 of ~l~.i ~L ~~a, ~t~ ~~'i= :"~ii..
:p;3ia:>
_ _ ~
solvent ~Tii.[A adhere to ~Ã~n0.~1;=~.r~3~3~~t~bzc= r~.~,~}~i:'~;~ i~~ ~ter-t h 0. The .,e4i-F2~itig '"C,F; 10 wi ,, hs.a es3.#n..,aces sLlec3:Fv l-y a.L}ated, with multiple bÃ47mL`+>trccdt'=s.
s, in ~?in.~ C=i'#:n:~t3~~.tr:i+.....t, :~~.t;~n1~ 10 :s~~utn"b ~==e~F~3e;FtL:
1.6 t~f ~3~`C~t`+~~~~n.~:3t Ti,;f_), '.~.+:`:.t: 10 Thus, is _ ,cft szf '~ `~ ~ r '~ ~ ~ ` } tais.d} ~. $i-k1' ~ ~ coating ~ Y :t~3 tt?
b:ct,e .2`e ~74'~:~.;)~}zt?~: Z e ~ { e\ -iCG. ;`tE+:.xr t~ .i;: Ã.. f~a:~
.¾:t;' a ,.2$in~: SF.I~'.l...;
.'5 luminal SuFfat:.'. 13 .xnd s3d't; wall surface 14 mi MÃ.:1 UV ffi'"1t source 310, tui'i i.u~; ,.r.c.:a: s.~E'Ft'~I ~nv~n,;itpl-affic. s3fi ~ lutt7i#ni3l "~mt fiico 13 and side w az~ sui fÃ#cw 14 bL= ii sn,g;
in~~dw,ph3lic ccse>.Ãir:.; t6 are coated with polar soIF.itiimny .it:ki b.oian<?1ccud cs, g.. ::;-s pf~rm.
'T.F.:'. :nbl>i3'3I.3#::n:A wflil ;iurx`s.iC:~ 15 be.3fieif.:h~~di'i.3phÃ3bIc i:a}f-#tinM 16, on a7w i_t`ht+., hanl.a, 'F;*
Lr\?ft^'!`:.d wi&~nCrn poEa3, soiilt'e.+oniliLi.dt& ulomol'4'udles.
~w~..?..y'.., paclitaxel, g.; i=iavIfta:\\+S .4Fn{..:
30 bii?dtsi' Poly.~`i:;r, O.g., SIBS. 3T1 i.)I .+e s.',inbi)dill"FZ:F'1$.:`>be.Ãsà Iz;ii1`F b0~ coated w#.`:'h. ~.^ ~-z{sltdnt~?#.^:
t1l<3f ;.ilca3.}t,a.s ~l cti?It"1b#.t;ilfFt>Ã: of boldn polar t.Iid non-polar s%,?svimfs with ?'~sipech`w cly iÃnia, t>p? ik?ns..~lyy p(?lymC;Ã`:`*., In ,.,.iwffiti;a' C '.ll3bodÃ;:lÃe:'It, slt,`T#t 10 bears co~~ti}3ÃF 16 of rÃ
t~l'i'f3:~`.~t,.~ ~It~~=;> `>e Ã?: 10 :5 .24ft ).ithie dark }t}} a Zim?..:st-kiil'VLe3.1.t for f.S to be4oln:k..m.hy7.tS\F\lhobic. Next, 5 C 71rii i~ i ~.~:;^ 3: ' {=:='c . I~?: "
; ÃfÃ~Ãw; 16 is illuminated with ~ ' 1` l1 i :~ v't c . . .. .
~C?dsÃ4e 30, :~~ 'i$sZ~ it ;ii3p<;Ã'.hvC.Ã"??ph3.z:. LunndFx`rfl sts;'taS:t i"Z and 51ÃiQ wall sLFÃ'.,;:tc.4 14b:'.kÃt :tg ca3af.11.:g 16 .ÃB't?
Cox=.ted wi?.q ;.c>a> n0lar solut ons and b:oniz~~~culzas. `I'~~~ ~~~~unnir~al sUxfil.,c 15 ;"- coated W.lh. pZ)la.'2 si;.,uaon,4. cm~ biornoFe<-ules. .Fn otie 's:mbodiment, sf\',im 10 can be 4t:tat~.'4(]w>fli a ."'olutLon il..L3L ina.wud:s a ~~f boih, po1t2ri:~ii43 no;cl"pGe.:~r `oi.=eii'iavs, witai..
o~'s r".:spU%:~t~~+ Z' ~7gtit>i~'L; drugs w7d, tlpf:ion:~It'W, p)lL'il`}er:~,.
As iEwu',,>Lvd caqkr v }ni:lni.=fxkeÃ' k::}nboa}i}.C::nf, rathr'r than illuminating fhe umii'C%
.tumt7al s.ut f<3Ov;. 13 aud -.3\}Ã w%3ll s.I.tft}ce 14 bearing coating 16 or \h;. c~~-0:i?e ..:3?tAt'}?tnal su;f:~~~~ 1,55 (in step 24 of 1-1G. `?), selected regions c}i' any ci 'I 3u1-i~ t~~, 14 z.~~: ',i: l 5 ~:..~ E uze3);
be 111un1. ?sitE_d.. and selected ri,:gÃoÃi;i lnav bc coated ÃT. E}e3i.t'Ld polar and non-polar 15 si3.i.Ã:1:3n:5. Z.ny nuÃ}ib>.. and viÃÃ'.Ãil'f'L)fi of coating pÃlIieE51S
is p0ssÃb:t'.
Re.Ã'}`>z$tA; ft3 ~~I~7. ~= ~::"}C3.~,e.'~'t~it;f~:~,t3~ of yFt,`t~C~f'Y~3$i~3~; a selectively coated stG~`Ã~i sa: z~
>T.a 10 is generated (:~f~..''~~+ 41). Si~.~f...C.C:~s 13, ~:^~ .-.:}ci ~ a ) of sl'!^}.n: 10 are ~~t,>awo:
L?>.tf1 xlYi,O, (A`7a.p 42)y \.,f.$,.f>3'y'trZ3ph'.lic e.gsup.ihy4EropAI.1i.Ãs #0~
x.ti r . ~ 4: i y then =
%~ L''^s''~l~~xi'~^i,:~lt.t:=
~,:~~},. ~.~lflTc'Cr ~ ~..3 ki?'tÃt3ka-FiY ,, si?. :].:~T%~ 10 fi 'f~e%=?<<~E.;,i.~,: tc t:t?i'.tdI:it3nS
Ei Si;.ff,ci.ei3t .3 i:.i3.Ã-sa:' f.hs.. Trt,O 'oc;'i.Ãa:.; 16 fL?
'=~,IJIi, .~~3.y i~F'i3~~}1C3~`a%~ (step 4.`) ~34 I;tF
h a..
rc.tt a r ~~ x~i>i'kir~::Ã~E i~i?i a fe ~s ~~ ~ 5 tiÃ..
~.t"f >. :~.,ta~: ~:i~~^:x<:L~u` ~.~r ~~r5: ~~1~"~:.+;:~~~ 13, 14 ~,t~~~, i::
15 tz' s::jG.L'tI~d portions +>f s..ial.oEt'ts 13, 14 anÃS 15 C3;: .3f.'=i3~ 10 bt.ui"lkxocoating 16 are then t :xp5}sZ:Ci `tz'3 ~uffi6':it :o celk,zse the coating 16 fo bi,'.'i:f}3>iL. Iz`Ji;.:'op1h1':iL
Q.g,s e,- , b,~ ~IV i;lunnination (s:>g: Xf' 1:~np. ..,s0 m:.r"qt,.s exposu:=e tirT:O".) 25 i.~'.p 44I ;joiL.``Lki'`P.`d 4'L1.iface:: e'^pl);st'=d to UV
illv=,ini'ii:iCJn can }ri+~.'fuds..' fh>-w? {,..n`.lf':o surfaces 14 1zid z~ boarmig coating 16: Si,.aeL'ttiaCi Sfidaw.C;s Iffl.,Ãi! have :3ei:n`v`i:p:;~ #Zo'`
::i u7i`3:I3.:..i{.~ are s~1i7:~~{i~~` exposed to conditions :~~I~lc.3eÃ1f t<'3 cause J.~`, to become h L~.~,-z1~+~It;b,~. " :~`t~:~3 ^f;?), rI ~'3~'~ conditions GF~'<s i"ltl.~ t _ " ~~.e<:~^i`~.I`'r~
5uI iac+:1 (' ..F.. luT.xwli3_:.l and rLbriÃ2n1n+~`~'l Su$'at34i"Pv, or any other vo.f}.3b:natÃSn of s..3..:.}.cvSt with t i~Ss.`.~' ~ 3lh eC. a it~=~l or a ~?a3: f#tit'= tEe, esF ?`, i sz i=Ã... = t`
;, I~~ `: 'S `ut..
~ paper ~ .., ~~~ ~.i c'. cr. z~i~<I:F ~r 7t. ,:
1 ~J' :i'L#.iib:.i?iv, and .>iQ$~:.~' exposure can be dC)T::: on a 8dGc:t.1v.
I?1z4tt3 `G~i~~ %ulli, expanding i.ht, reL`a;ic y?b-pdFal4F:`: i(yflhVdr\1'pin(1~'L.~3C: ailta hydS'l2phalic regions that ca3F be ieal c.~';c-d .< `
..x,"r`:`x referring ~'g to FIG. ~=k , s.~G~?'~Ã1.~.~ is SwY?<? f:t,! g.. . ~ :3~= ' ..:4~i .,_ . ~, t~i~)G:k#c3t F?V~,, F ~i34 <1:isF5.
spr;tai`.iF', ..lL=d.ost:l.fi.'' tip3rlvi3w, clei;.:7'ospF.i)I}.iiag oi rE;i.i. 4~O'r3t.ti'1g, in dewirct> >,'i.'2. :...wnMo{s) (step '=;;i OF'xe interesting FppaIcaboll of wL'`[-1`1.3bb7.1..-',' ..:s that it allows just t?vS:b:fitLce ti', i)~. Wmiv',$.E frona a k)tVd~t~pz%ifit. poro'.-+~..,~' Ti;yO' t.::.faÃ.ing in.w a hydri,pboF.3ii suF'f'iC:e, w3;;:3fi:
leaz :ng .:ri4.d. ~us)d\r,ynngj ~~roF.~s st:~.FcÃ:r~? ~A~rcxro-~~.~lic. .
lbi,~ ; an enable coating s;.~.~?. 1Ã~ S :i:~: ~<i~:FC?;.~~ ~.~~.)i~.~si~~FaÃit~~~s o a ~~ a r ~.~.t~
~~t~~~- ;~ o l<~a ~o I .~c r~t s ~~_¾t .~:~~.t d1 sSCrzv4x" SA;3zp ~F?i~'i)2 pony#i?ei'~ te. create S [rtF`F 34tiÃ?g ot`at#.ta\ C t #~~g~~?:~iE~(;~t? To `,f: coated, ": ~ ?;..oI~] inside of `~;.c ;3R#i~3L3s'f',~~,: t(?cF[Fl~f. .~f? one ci2ib~3C~f? . 4toI3i ~?+ can .r~}i 1 p c ~ 'c fK ~r { .
ti~,9f <~ ` <A is:.s~t 3titl~'L:{ ,~\^ ~~+ 'Sf.,~'.n +~~3 Yy ~=ilVuLv~AL~16 c{
p~. spraying, '~.?waLV,. i~Ã~a Q#iilà lf,;'. in 4.;f3F3rpC3li13' sE,l~'.:Itton. 4>()nÃ.$1;1ing bIttli:l6:1lc+vL+les, i'..hs.., paclAi#.x4 i c };., paC....[a?=iei zi;Fd bii?doi p'i.?>ymer. L..g:, S IBS, and a P(#9:FÃ" Sf?;L1ti~~i;.I?
cs#3'tt&Fi :tcIg b.F?.,F;:?kxuloj, y g hopM=~~i:-1s e i..~',,.. 33eparin :xs.Fadpti.'fpncl. In anok.,Lmreii?{)l}di mf:=nÃ.y sÃCiiwtE 0 4m bt,, \.':)aLoU.. f:.`y.,, ...
C
"=t? ~i`~, t51~3i:~3r f:i 4;; ~;~J-~~4;;):~'~.~:<~ kz~,1:~.~'1# ;~.
~:~~:~~~~Vt.dF$IC ~~TT'sl~`<:lt~. ~.~L`=L:~E'3~"~,)~~F3:i"F~.2 .~i" i'E?~A^
F.'oiÃ?:':g, 321 a solution flli`~: includes a +.,'{3i:#1b:37.e~tii;lx of both polc3F'a:3E3 #.lofa-;!Folc3, solvents bZ ,F ILspÃ,o_lv:.lk dmsol:?E:d b1E>m<?le%:uluS; c&, drugs, and, ;?p1ioIFÃffly,, polymers.
LiA ano ther 't.=13~~~od5mc=idÃ, once stent 10 h'ai.)l+LWt3 1t41{.4ted vv Att:, desired Mo.;S.) o.k`/cL1tes -,-AÃed. hi his embodiment, <3:tI&%37 jptx? y,::L 's, a fiC t',E:3i'lzl Pf5:'L3z.iS cE,i3'i#,3;Fg i`:f'rIsOv t:FT'2 be q p~
2 ,T%0. Q>bF be applied without the use of higla~tem~orature step, TÃ.~, c.:t) be ap,.?~I~c>; ~ .~..
~'i.~ Fi):~=~~~4TV.F:E~ ;1SFStCdl deposition. IP this cÃ"Pibociai-ni;t?i=
b;i_?mCilcisi..e.. on .he5`tm Y .:=..cy.x pac:itaxol, can through the pores of the second 'l'~,O, tayer.
In <iÃzot'he; embodiment, ?Fvdrc)phihi~ biun?C#[ectF.es :.4tti be pack<3,>;;,>;: into ~3\ d3Z`,phiJb3i lipid capsules (e.g., liaÃ~~soiFHe3) md alpplFvd to ai~ydI'l;phii 3li ~ i1~zF.lf~ 16, 25 14'urÃhv? a~.`fL'"nin.:. ':C? F:C'i, 4, ,ÃÃ'j' 421 of Fi:e}?t?~ 40 cFt' .nw;.udo cC`Flti-in#
n ~ FZ?Flti s'o ]i 10 4'V :Sh T F,~_+~v that i s tIi'e:'^.o pol"oviS= F:`.g..
mvsC. pori}Lit or i=a?Ic7'4e-p:?aoL#. K;:;E'Ad oÃ...eF s'ti:=,.Z.cted rE;=gFon's, with TFp,Oc: that is FfeF?'.jrail S.ITaol~th, .F w=.,. not acFaio"poims. IÃ; one <:# FNAi'm' :K the m#~'.)i,ils coi$FVi: with i:2a.1,d1 ~.?o a'<)ll.a 'r`,s3atini., `a. ..`aFi bC? :F3F?.i."Fal .2 :C_. :-6Eic w;ili aS 5 i iax?ta `~ ` 14, ~ r x~~{fL t~.?f:' ' ~ k 2`a~)`5~`^ ra.iu.': wall ~ . ;
rv~..x,..~lr~"' ~'x,`i~'a~}. YJ`~n: F3a)i)t~F UC)cF~a~ ~~ .,f ~ can t31.=
l.n..n.icll3 swd.a'F..o<
i;31offiea' t?.il`aE?(SdiF?3=4''=nf, tliC` r+`. ,g14~`:i3::i LS'#fh fFixilo--poIC3:+:x coating can b:: a-b`LF:Ia,IÃ, "d _,?.iÃ,iÃC^ w :i+.arfiaces 1vvllflo mo 1f.t'[ri<rt)s ..s,>l_tl7 S%Tlof? .h ci3:F.Ã1r1.f, can be l::.tõn.n.t3 and ?3t~~ wall ;~ ' 13 and 14, .._~.'~tÃaE.`= sicia:. 10 coated with I1.:3I1E`.+-~~.~o.t:i3..s wf`..Es tixnE~E?\h 'T1,40, uaFx .ailE'a:> be , wxpE, \ ...M~ E, i lE., Li3;.rdFt'ÃÃ7ns ~ K tbr aE}<Ãt3iIÃ? a't t.F'a~. ~::..
~, Ã:~~.o.tG'~lf: ~t,. ~ ~ ~E.1 ~t;=~~tÃ,. ~E~-~~~E`~~~=L.-,.tf*rt~;a;<, by UV
irradiation ;keL 44)~ EIsilr. 4 .'oiii 10 E:i1:F3 Ehe1.. be ;x~.`tose$. to GE`,FlvlitÃ.EfaL s.]tfflicio,:3t to cause s0lco"':i:,: T\,:.=_t'.."ions of ci3at1#.Ãg 16 to b cE?me bv''drl`phi}bi:L,, C` g- b3 p>`.i.'x4 ~ g sE`# ia E ,"r Fa3 E.i.~.u'k ~ csÃId 1`':it?i3S a;`.- a +:'E:I-taFiFs ~Itlli;frzFme , s:,g.r c? F1tFi`IIb Gi' 3Zf days C:f Le Lt:.ks Ãtili:p, 4 45,. ~~YJ) s tl~p 4~
OtL fo ;~lt. ~:n::~c~,.`ti'fi with I'?:~:1.Ã~i2 ~3isÃ't3~2s+~'i,~~y. will #4~~..E.`.. $.#"t:F, Ar~r~. aP{F. ~. L.; a s<.~. 95(2 1),5~~t~ ; ~~~~.2L,~~'Y~f. STF'rh:E= s Ã~yÃ
aI E~i~s i,iZ *ltLtf ~ ~ttli , cr i I~E` the ~~21Fi#~~~x`~~~~~..=C'f~i bo4+Znne i..y`a;+.3pnE`>bic. ~~liL re-ti#..lti1.~~ stent 10 can be coated e.g., by #.ipa.:(i~tin+.:, giÃ: R
ia:k'.1,g'.s ied 4p.s3.Ffa .o sp3 hy3t3.e". ClE'.S tTE?4PInFziix3 g iFr:E)dl^E:S?` kF :ti., h. t.L:4i.F'# d sC3lÃ,i.lE?~"s LcmE>.3.Fning a +..i:mbÃA7's~iSun of polar G#.F1d c.m-lu'alfÃ:Ãg ~\~34'.~. 4 f ~ 1 ZÃ~;.F'i.~E)1 4?'x =~ ]s 'Ji:~.(a?E)F~ ! 7\'l.~ l; t L:E>.~~vti;y ~r~..f4.' :~}i..~l~;~~i~=`T~.~, as 'Es.4sf=r~'~~L: crti?i~[:, 3 use, stent I() i3:3. be ~.~.f:7eS,. C &. dt,l 'veF'Cd, t:f.siF y. a swad:etC'r it`h-v~..'Ã~ sy:iEean.
Catha=:i.r u'4siem u a1e d0'suIb3i.EI, c.~., i i7 Wang i. .S. Pc._.,t NcZ. 5 ,195.969, 1-1 a.F2`?hF1 ~ U.S. Patent No, 4""~0.{)i?6, miEa Rae&T-D'E :'f9E1:s U.S. :j .isf,:l.f NC;.
HttFn:?F:'cuzÃ's v g .
T..e t:fi<1th1iz upon t1:f' abluminal, iF.FF`F?i31,':;l. aI'ld side wi.lF
s~.~~"s'faL4s i:".aa,, iõ1c;.iido B T
'molieF:lc ot the abluini..Fal wa1:iu.f..e eclafitng c<~rl ba, of a C:3:ff ~rLnt fzÃ?3i? ? o.iT.I(.`lv,cLlles of ~'tbi li:~s?nF:'lal <'kF7.il sFd"L'.'wa3l sl'xlwc5;;_i In .>nt}th.;, as ~~~F,~t., i~lt'. i~?:5:~.i~:~[lI`S: f4%;iiFF'i 4 Ã~..F-IiE'~.fc.Fl ~._ , i's>~L }?. ~`IF f a ~Yf}f.iC of interconnected i,m3d-, F#.Ã' connectors %or"lw..lng wa v.:: .?ngr_Ftud tubular simi.'.=tE$..~ hi:F` z ltP ;:21 7?...er luminal wi1?; s`ii#`"ttl.f'e iÃF1d an outer `.bl#.1#11?.F"f'e wa.l s::erfiÃFC.tf wii1C, t3z3wfimFng 3c.:`s?i>'iil F~f iLimun oCpCd s1r. gc1;'aX. wi:d'.4'}'VS.n the inner Ãud2AD2TLYn wGFS
sC2J.+.iYcc. 4itil,: 4x"sid~. wall t~'Tn wSeV of the bands Fnd ons? l'.tÃiI s iLSi" II:I?g, tF'i!i'isG'S'.I"i+' passl à w:ny4 tbIIzI." F.hi: C' a3Ã1c :.S t3.'..,:~~'Lili3$
strucwua. bt.E:i"E? i;oa E?Fag i?f h d7'o ph Zkb iL:-mkllmilI LF3Fc_I ti?ti cFFa`"'a.^ ~ 5 3 l,i.~L: : ~ s F F F?: o o f :ho t+.x_~b~:lsr st: "LrL~iL2.'i'~ g ~ v a t~ ~'~~i a.~'` tF coating e:-Ft:~~g f.?~~~~~a~~~.i~-~fpl>iliG ~~~Fi~..~iz~l.
r .~731~::~E}f~.#.rnv,`r'sts :~2<~.~~ include C:F7~-` ~}I .F13E32't of the fiZ.~b;-~zL31z?~.? I`~c3tL.F`<:t.
20 At ..i9'ciS or F%3i?:Fi xt=lceted I'E'=,gdi?FiS of il.Yi lE:F:1l':cil <3.F3., 41i>G= wall s..3.ffF;::fõa of the e't7t i3ià al Ã'v Lc i"i ~>~ ~ a t:;Ã}ci~7F"F:~ of lt~'C~.['~?~?~3Ã?i?FL ll.::
t~::,'F;.~~. or i:li~. S:1"~tFF'f'~ lÃ,..i?,,..i at...~: sii>~:~
S:<7ll iti f.,3C: onedlical dÃ:i~ica.: can bear a coating of r'lS`ai# ?~?;3<?
?Ft, F7?ÃF3.~FF:F3.. At let;St Ã?,.?e or more s"c,t.a~tE'd rcgit?z?.n i?tVr3Sv abluminal sF#.Ffi3Ã,:=(: of the n.C.dÃa..l device cc;-a: .7ew- a coszttx1g of1hS'asFophiPic. xnaaa>,s.a, c.L:?,, 4upoÃhydrt?pHÃ.c material, or fffic. c;'Fti`.'i: z?..?b, `."?iÃ:ir2.E
.l.5 i=1=Li.l surface o.". :a?G.Fxdv.~`.F.e'c3I dÃ;'a;t'c can bt'.~: a i;i?at]n~.f of ~'3~'%E#"C}~'.?.aTF~~A1z. xl#."c#.iC'.`~.ci., e:~;.s 3, ,{ E
.~~2`~ivc 7:i,'~='1.r\~~.?i~.F3it;~ :~3t~2~L4r:t~iw.
, I ;e co~ ~inr,g of tho ~~unffial; side md abluminal w:izl svlraacLs ..~in inckld`~, tÃ.om; mr---:
(~~ ) O+131s c \" L.\ 5vf=. t-iLai1_FLim dioxide. 'Z (&a32_FZ31[?i <-" y1 V.\IltFv( \) 4i(rl Lawc +c2. y1'L>=F)..FI?e stLw.L.kua"e, c.g. be aF?. i:d?t anatase or F'l:tFl`t>> ph.3tiL:=.
TF.uEFe?uFa? ( ',-y) L.x:de (-e ) v.<.E.:d bC: Fi.? i:f13:
~: x3.`114?i 13~:! >Ã3 pi?_=--, Titanium ("i" y)o c3d4;: ( X) %'<iitd ~.'+z.', :F$i c3r; ,:ii3af.Fs.4.= ph-.,:e . v.--t`_.~bi.lwd w ;;l z Ã3:
?C.'...? i 0-ne .5f flh+`.' ?i?l;Ã3Y'. iÃ.{- l1~.i:*Ã's: ,..F~'.ile.
~#FZ>i.;~+rFt`v.', ~.. ~ e2i'1.. .Y :t.: zf ea. il#~. E
y, ;~3 ..:.FI.IS., <?.'iSci. ,,~li. ,!'>
~-~X-Wi? (--x) (1:), and tltc$lli;:I71a (-j-Y) o?s1de ( x) (H).
TF."1e3.Ã3lzf`s3 i;`:Y.T,&: ( .K) 5,a3's be ÃlzÃ1{F-p.?f=(?usy -:Yte;io 3?<?'`>us i:' .",?'I#.ci'<`,-poit}Lth: ..F.taniE#;a3 (4y) oxide ( .'i) om be pnvÃ`%1.lly 41?L?oth, .z s:=.,. not f.3:?u<?-pt?f'z?Is. I.7: addiÃ.toÃ, io the ?ilaÃ1iu:1'1 (1) oxide ( x), vxlo coating c4iu ?,?c?ud'e. 2'?hOS~,~I'f.tl'ls.: L g.. up Ã(i 5% of phosphorus by weJg~`~'#.
IIL, cadG?'.it3Fi tii Oac E3Ãini.um?.
(+S ) isxidc {-:Sj c;"3 `..`3'? _' p;7oq)boms, the coating can #.:E
'A]d.F3:T: C}.{?.C>.5:: or tl::r:?ea?:1ET:'.:
im& or both. 1 :ta-:[?14~,.3 (-`-Z) oxide (-x) can be dopvd w$~..ia at k134i one of Ow 1:13l,txw#.mg a'aLÃ.dwm.t5. iron, t'sl'=e. x ,. xi,. ?~.> .
`~t`J'z, ?.xt`:")~;s.'Ã~. ~3e~'1`sÃ~3~~? and ' ~.t~;?~~b'~.d~'#h, ~:;F; , ?
t;~iÃ`: .~`~. ~a>3 ~
t ?e~; ~^~>~;.? ~ ??-~~~
L'+.`ai-nuAl1 and vim,,dlll1um. A layer of l?..gin'a~.`i.c cCs1axpow:d,, L.23,.. 3lfiy3 :4 =int:, t`, a l : i.aF?e < - t i` ~
~:cla'c`3i .{.,?.~,. i_r' ~~ r~iikCt .7 , :i3:<32?;. ~:~,.ii ;3: deposited over the i=tcrliEiT' ~ = Y') oxide ( ! ) ci:iwt:i3i7~.
i. S~~~.(:~?'3t. t.Xialt'1p~.~:,4a. of 3'~;'.i.?;?~t:
i,:[:a?~?E3..:~,#:+.4 that i>:. i?="'N deposited ~)~'r>`. .ti~:
:i,_t::7:~ 1.`i+'c.~1t~''`, <? ..ai~~~~ ~ifl<:":=.o iliii s`?cti$dC:e'rlp:aos-Phi?n1c acid.
11fe a%:t3 1iisj .#pi, i Fi`v' i3?~`km.6a'~#ax mkl1 S"i.ifi.t:e can 'c#.ls(`} .iÃ"cil.'.d ioi t i upoT. the <lioiw7?,.T1aE w;.1,l s1.ffiG<`s' ttt`3.t`2mn oxide ( x} i~.':yu i.Sr with :giomi?lC.Z,:wli`.'s. c..g,. ~itcaiAlam dI{.m3.`C` ti.i:)clti:lg, v4`id7 bIf3m#9le:L'~Iles, caF? I:x"cl$`sCo-G a Jecjr.m 15 layer of titanium (.i-v) t3.-,,l:lie (-x), {.`..~.t,~,, 'Itltan;:'LIm d1C?xide.
T.L. coating 'qt?n t11e ..'~1mIn.:3l and side w4f: 9ur-t6 us can t3hs,C? `.
ilwhuh;f.o b? 1.iZ ~?1.... ti. i..: w:i3 C: tt L t x y ~ Z,.Z c r~ n ~ .<. ,.C.._ _ C~-C....,e,a.~~`3~.8~}.t~. .~ ~~:t..,?ls,'~+>~:. ~i:+`c;
:::~, also include ~i ,~~tnm:
..sb~.`n`:`>-i3 st3''CS:nt;). The coa:lin', upon he lt3m`.:;l:i, cm:C: 4.d:, m~`e.?t`
.'`,aw. ~ ",~:s S..i3, c? i<z, ~`3i. 3 ilFL "7#dli.` ~: `~~~ organic 5~.~iEZE:~:i or a *¾?'v:f{~?~ ~~3:>Ã3i. ~` ~ ~~"x:lL. 3. ..B: ~~3 ~-~J<aõ ~ .
c.+v.~:"~3t~, x:~lt +,.c. ,..sts..SF~
20 GIa?o'n:t ttle >inii:>cil i`=Ii?is side wall surfaces, C g, tit:.`iii3lun.
(+}'') oxkk ( x) c:fcfinw ZO?b b3tDnn<?le .t;4.. ?.~ tÃ$.c3a?.f.l.n dioxide coating w:1ti`i bii?,"iol~'..L:"'.15es5, t:utfl., 1`1L::E.i:se,.; 'sL.G,iil:?t~~:~.
iay`~.'y of bt.?:I>ul ? l??i ni.'. c 4?.. tltil.3_:`ah?'1 d.<',xidF.x..
a.S.: Z?,}c>t.:.~~ "u-Pf3n t;.34 a:?llaT.11.ltllv tiUF?k37.i?l and s."tdcw<.lA ti%ri,xct'.ti c<i1.. .~il+::.'=.T.R.:ac b?om.t>lmfles, B1t3mi3aeL`~ule4 of t~~rc abluminal Yv'-aal 4uifa::e coating cm`i be of a d1ff~.`#'~11t 25, t4pc .:_~.3~WL.~ the \?iomok'V0..Sa `iFi the "I~.aw}2FLa1 and :1F1fk wall ,S'u.d'Ni1Vs co.dti2~:`a.=a sa,. l.??3s.:3;.he' aspect, tht' dihcl[?s.t`S,:ffi;~atureJ ia#:lf.'t.7.od #.3f;?aoduLlxs.3'::a a.?E:2dzS.~~.~~ taS:v":z.
::?i n3effioaa Inz2v a:g the f3lli? '1ig (#) c(i :2x tõ wc?.lF `.iu:'f .3.Leti of a a?ed1c:]1: dei.lcc hc'2F'#:;` a b'E3dk. of S: :1~
i:?..i :t.:s <:`d co1'lna.ao:'<s R?i'mi1lg an s.iC?t]gi~te~ tubuhuF
3trt.ÃLuF1`i. .i?iiv>1iw ti.s~ ;:1neE luminal i^:'illt :~ + S.3ifc.i ' ..3 i:x? OvAer i.l~lumla: l 6t i3:l. 4sx? facE? and defining ,A central fiu.llZn or pS x<l5;Owi#3'`
W
hefti:A .?i; xnnerl:;~:F71#nel.l wall surface and SIdC w:3ll st#. f<3t`4' of flne bands . .".+:.. .<=:).3`3e.:"o':ti t[~[15 } ( y ) Y-i .f.Lt.~.a}. l4'CrL'i~~k ?1~tdsi1 a4~'4GA C~s L~~}.i~~}l.F~fC~ the ~..`FS.~:3gCAttr~L L ¾.~t(i~~~al umSctum wSLh rC,f.?A.ISE'i.' tiuuaiw21 (f'y) a?xIdc ( i). o.&r li::unit:f'?5 d,.f3Ytde;
Ziz, .;:~:3i?sÃIlfw the device to i.. [?I7i. .1tl`e`tt>s sfz.a::U.Ã.T.t to C.f...sf-r `hw blta.tlai'r~I?.
~
oxide #. x r ~.:~i~i3.ti`~~;~ ~i:i`.= ~3`mi~ hril,t't?~7_d~it3hFG:
Cifl,~ ::='Cix?slf3u whzett:d surfaces of .hF'i3-Ii:dlC;ila device to <:i:Il3..Itz.iC?I?: 4..~xfacie('It to c:.f?.dStr the Ã.ii3.nt.:f2:'E (4'y) oxide (-x) coating tir become stape-!'hyi<rC?j-pb1aic; <S:>:d O'< ? c o.a 1ng tFx+... :3F'rAici'3.: det';e#:. in a -fi1'st s?"`+.t.lti{xnL
compatible Wi:h des~it..eCa bl Ã5mirli`cul:,s.
..mbf}dTmJn',s may include one i:31' lilo3'i= tsfthe ft;i.ld,wlitg ie'aturt%s, T r~u~ {:-Fs. :'(.rxx.ft:on Ct?n be i?i?I?.-pt:}lhà f.=si;?C?l4Lr. The first solution i:i":i. .I?uaudc a ~? s. ~. t~`
d3.'=:ii3'f:,d b#mn`ae5 L'.ci.3,3c,. wrp.i. 11 : `cx:sS.r` ~ l or ~1.,'~,3f~fr.I~3. T'~:3 ~i'. ~~~ t ;~t;<t. fi ~. rI t..~.a 1 : ;ht> Ii.t~ v ~`
a p+.?l)-ne= L `:,.. ~5i~~i'L~iw'EL1?L f3 7~t?~? a ~'~~.Y7t ~? it~I't11G?{. 11C
first 4s;3lutii?? Ci.a: ?nf;'lE..C.Z ~
hid:'i;phib,c lipid ""TSule, ` ,3e i:' . si;li~.af}`? iclT: ii1i luf C' fa a lC c1St E3ftt'pt?li:Yi' 4olvi ni fi3 Ãi:C:
1>'~' ~ +~` 5 r~c of ;.z?s' ] )fy2F 2s kyR , ) least `t~ ~t.~4. ry ^`]~ ` p ?
r <~~ r '~~ . ~F f...5)r .
.~ ~ ZS Z-~i.~+.~i..3tr,~'~-}~3 f.%S. 43t\:3l~il~'~i}.l.:i~F ~i-=~r.St=L..LLA%~ at =~itdwTL k>tltA ~l'f:~dv:A ~1..2~ 4~. ~.\.=\~~
Ãtl .1t;hc.?te to tiiae >.;c ytrpfif~~ie sutl"ace, of tt,s.. tneclicFlA
fle,~ict>. ,,?4 solution \.~lte Ync.fl\a;.= at om E.`if,::wiC~kl-=~r~-~il.. L.Zi.~~9~?iiCi(~i l'fr tk'it..~~ at least one :sf_~F~~i',i.~itt \+ g,, t~,w.~.:~~
~.3o2i:f?lecf.f:e ~
s;:f3-~;~.1.t:~~lL; Ai~1t., #.~e~: polar s~fl~''i.nt r`i.Tl'~T~ a second ~~?1f3;21:~.~,~:~'.;~~i:= ~=i)d?.^n"~:c.i.ÃJ2e irfth the 32C?~~z"
pi3a.a? wtra i:::".]t'. . .3t' fis`~~ hF{13?loli;%'fxle can be hupii3`ln and iht; second b1i?I;3EZzf.=:;=-ole +..:.iF3 i3o ..~..`~'. pac~~taxL.... .. ;`.34 first solu4#:on can further iwf?inp%15fv <.lpoAym:$V
isc?bat:v~]enc-b. ~c.~). The fins1 s-oJvaion can ix-ia.~~~~~~ ~~ydrophobie lipid ca,?su1cs Coll.i.iÃs?lFzg bii?.1'?o,es';:u "vs, as Wela as hyd.M"i3phIlic fywqps.
1E1fr 11:0#.hi>d Cc'sll haZ t, a further afr:? of coating the medical device in a s,uci?n:ia at3lutiof`` tonnpcs.1~. ie 'Ly'iFh di'=S.FTed~ b,i.`ia:olf,.ClasC'..>. t'he vot;tiflli: st3Si:lfion ca#., be r`:oAI-;?ttliis or 25 pwzu {A li~. 4eca.,l.~:`iolio4.ion. cmi include biomolecules, L g:..
p<?S.i.~~~xel :Zr ,~opa.+in, :'lir:.`.
s -ovond sl?lÃ.:a1o;.3 can $Ã>i ludc a po[4ui~,'r, Thi.' St;vi.nd :olu>iL?~';;~
can. InS lu:C3::;:3 hydJ'4.3p.'.?i>i{.Ãcl liA7td i:<fp~,,Ãz:.e, 'lTi?.t: nlE;thoEi f.;:;:3 include a fua thd::3' step of coating the F.?dE.f>.ki:al {x:'o'Ft.c of 4s+.p (0 W~th e:o ~ ~~a~tYa~..A ~*. ?7.~ ` -~n11L r`~?<i r.:1I~.1~?'td;'Id ~:..~`~,~.,., alkyl 41A a :~ 5 `iati~.L= =~=?=3. i..~" ~ ~~t.F. .?.~1:3w.
si.E~
~;iiC~.,', :;4f`t=~ wa < ~~~~ e:me:
?pe+...illii:c%t.y,. ofi i ad~:.`~cyl yil iint: l I' `>~t=~i]i~L~C 6'~~~ ~tt"~
it1E?dt: c C 1~.
"qw conditions of step, (ii) E:an i:ricluEic pi aaE:=ing tlÃE. n:L.dic,;>
:Iwvz;:e i.i the dark e?..Fsd==<`I ~=L .t-}`"#.:bbinÃM. ~he =E3I?d1t3;f:.Ã?'13 CÃf step (Ãid) can ?nC%hide fli11;?lF'kÃfi:lg vta.i11.C:i.s i4, th<:
?.7eL3.lL;[ÃE {.Ãev?Lc 1hr.l:. bear die L+ k:t.Ã>?g w?tl1 iflt?i1vlL3lEl.
light. At least a ~eg:E?z7. \?:i "ho 4?...t?ffis33. and : i.Ã.:5: w'+.'Ã.il 4uÃ`fi1E.o-s that bL.`[?r ths =c(?aC3Ã7õs~.f, tiaÃi be 1.Flu':?#Ãn:?.ted, At i,.GE:;i, z3 Ã r+,.giC?Ã.3 <)., flne, :aE?.uE:`~1?:.e~l W:il suA'facc tl'1at x)e3:e8 the coating can +3L= :ilE..lÃalifz#,t a'=z. St, i3 dii) F.cÃF: E?lsE;
`=i<: ..... v ~ t~~ :r ~ 'Y1..?~~
~~.u i ~~t?3'? ~~f ~:.,?.ÃÃ'~. :.~Ã,a:. zt~; =~:= ~?~~.4 IÃ:L,Iu& Y.x..~~~ti,si.7 ~ <~ at ttut t ,conL3it3i:ab.. ?urlki?'{it for $.lie surface Ã'ig?.on ii bC.L,C?;.T1e hVdtZ:pEa_s::?? 11 S ., by 4Z=O~~; Ã'Ealbbi??{-. 2 'C ~t C i?4,, t ~i.:t ~?'~ +~3E.I Ã>4: Z~ +: a~~i' ~7i.:~, Et,4; S.~': ??> td'1U dark.
~ f~ , i'+aÃ?.Ã ?: pÃ'a?w~,s of ,`_*tGr" (iv) can b`, d'~,pcoatYi7g ei<t~ ,Ã
iiS~tt i~ ::v# .Ãv#rw, k:
~{à .L ~,.Yb:'t.<3:#c 4i`.i3v .~Tlg El t 1.3 i35p1Ã?a?n?l, ?ÃÃtl$3 S' ,< it~.a ,~ + gw ,,' c~t r, ~}'a.. 1.>.:.:.a.~.#~i?~z :Ys~L~ (-x) t~E?EÃ~ d?` i:i3:i] ~, ~G :lt .~#::~:f?~ L"ÃE>?aÃ..L. ~.~,?c_tà ,_Ã?. The L=C`>x:MIÃr can h'swL. a cT'?v'sYi.aiaÃIlo smFC,t1#ÃGr i?.g,,;.., bc; in a #`l3iiÃSC; or <3?";..3.tcu,;c phs:35:. . IErF.Ã1 :#.m, ~ zÃG.~.ÃF? E ~},.:~.gE.Ffi'. .y , I~e3.Ãn ~'~i , C.t ~'".,, <~ Cti,~`.3. s.i4 Ãi? c:S.Ã# ad.^,4ÃLasE::
ox.dC. (..`4) c=i:Ã3i bL. .n an aÃm3~F~Ã`4<f:tis phase. e phase cCiÃx1bi~3E:d `v6'ith at, least one of the IS.3lEoW.7nx p.?.Fi..4t's, ruiili:=, ?,im7k1i:, ÃS.,o3'..+-FL.i:n.Ãi.:, i 3 ??Ãf?q?}?ow t. .ÃEGa?:Ã t? ( Z' ) oxide (-x) (13), and i:ita?Is?1Ã-nn (+y) `:1iRLlE.: (-x) (a-:~ ~ TÃ.,[ m?'tFe?
mud's'. ~ 'S 3 :=~~Ã? be miiTlo poz'E?ll~,,, e,g, .{7ei{J or T2 ÃL Ão ;si3.Ã'etu*< ÃtaÃA`. w? v } oxidE) k; =F:d.Ã
:?8 w.Ãai.'xc.-~.3y smoE.$th, ?,a:., not nil:Ã'Ãi; Ptl'i{31.m zn "e':ddÃtiigÃ'L. to ffi.: FÃtaÃ?.e.E,?;.i dioxJE3e; tI1i.~
ci5aÃÃ'ÃÃ~ ~ j , i ~. s to 5% .~ `R "`4 ~,. ~ ~~` ;e`,Ã, .
lÃt. .~., tÃL..?.Ãt? ) Ã?: :~
u ~7. :z~i.a~.,a~4 ~ ,x~E ~~3~ts.>itÃ~, ~'.M, li~ ': o of Ã}Ã?t>~~~i ~Ã.A
the t3tci`a.?1.. t,.# S'Ã-i3 ??:1d4 ( '= . ~~ c$ilYi`a3Ã rs?`Ã63s-D:'li`rE'us4 the E;oatiFlg 6,..ÃE? include ?aõdiÃ:?~.m o?,.ÃdE`= or ~:. 3'.ami'.Ã??`izm ,) midE' or bE?E}l. Titanium f? oxide ( x.) can be doped wÃ,.h at lL .aoE o:Ã7C i3z th4~
feH{?wti?1` c?( fnY.Ãzt:?.- i >)`lu carl;3cm, 1..Ã.tr(:gen, bÃs.-mab and t`m,?c3H..Ã:?"P, ~.~.. 3, t.,x<E: be di?:?el.
'4vÃ;~~ '~:;jt.,? `31.:i:]?.I?`.~s hÃTl. F <Sa3.i:C~iuF:2:t. t~. l~3i~'~LÃ`
of E~:37#y .,:6,.LFÃ,,~~Y'~C~?`ylÃ~..5~. L ~;., a.~,.~L l `i`.~.13C., ~.?"~;-3 sisFa.Ã'?u and i:' _izi..o?"}}..ilkyecu xbe dzpL,Bif:i.d over 1i3L=
i?$w?n3al"z t$> i`s:4Z>~' Z-X~
i..fsafitlgSpz'>`wÃfic .::u7ai-pIE,s of i::l"~2kÃ1Ã~ compounds that can It?e depi.3Si`..ei over the :: ~Ãk~ ~~ E~E~ :~~ :~Aec~=.~sil~Ãa~.: uà .~~.
E~~:=t~:~le~=~ri.~~?~~s11h1~r~i~ ~t~:.:.i~~~, i c ~ ~ . ~ . zy = t `
3?t 13aati~?t d?S~.lC, ail?s; ~?rt?'vÃL~aeS stents 447t..] various ~
~.tatez:Ã1s o x ~: IaL.~rhobla; a1.~.
ilyt!Ãt5i3h'{,.ak coating. ThesEi Zt3a$3f1g P::1tt41'Ãas allow Plt:i.E.mczl¾
of various bÃ\?:T?t?-if.'>w3#.Et 5 <.3?1 .:<iÃa8 =L~;Ã3ÃMS ??~A'c'#- StE3~t E j Ã~~?:Il}f i à i t?33~~l~'~i. ~?
i3#1":{:3lt=EÃlC ~?E?~~Ã<#~`.M on s`i1?,.s, ~.~~:Ãe dis4loz,,E1#.t: .?aso provides methods of gE'Fie<?.7.txg 4tu,?ES xi=?i.11 such co?1 pi::?: 0>.3aÃ.3#:g and/E>a .'`. `k`.,=.t^ ,.
E ' ~>, a.ts.
(~
Tha tel`>`.z1 b.:ca?a#lt;t;ltlc." as used hwiS.::#1rcft~I"G to chL"Ezic;il c'smpisLuads. ~at4}~; g=Es'i#~
s2~.:`.Ã=a;?, dru;7~i. compositions ard L:l,.z: +.xz;a-t biological UDlQ;is o.ilÃ~~'.nvn;ie dLfiI.cd. F$ll. `'.eC;b31i['<.EI and wIi~n;ffic ..',nns Ãts~-.`ia he"cn i1F i%e the .. iat"f3e me..ia3.21g as coi13I'no>1l} wndeI;sito(:zd bv one of ordinary skill in the a:;. :s3 Gvh#.6.a> this ~
ÃII'v~.'nt>i,n t~i=~,t ?~. AkthES`s.lgh -nll=fxE3ds il.Iid a:1atoP'.ials sõnxwli.3.r or `~''.qu#E'i3.lf:n'y. to tho`:`i.:
de, 3b`d ie`C n can" .zL` used 3I7 tiIe practice or EcBtIEzg of +11Ã pta:.:ie.lt t:E uet`.. ~~:'; 5.3:1~t#:~~:=
me}izr. s z3r3d.umte,lals m;: i>awribc:d bc;lmi'. All pubhc~.:io, S, pate3it apz =.,.,bti,,.r),s, pati:.i7tC, nt3 ?t.>er ?1`v,.I LiI; are :lt?.E:omi- C?rc,i.eti b+' tefei"i.a1..,S.% in their .:x f?tli:I'L;t~'. I~ : z:':;:~~~6"`L~~~iC:~', ..~?t'.= 3I
;+~3GC:if?~,c$.it3::y i;lE l~3i t1=ct Ci ~Iaiit;li~`~, ~~',~. ~:Jl"zi?t; .
II. 23.ddE3i[s ., t1w, mat<3ii3l~, methods, and t`xxii"Iplt:4 are illustrative i}ni,-. and not >n$e-nawC? Io lx. ?ffilsfing. Other f~ntubt:s :und t~l~~G~~~LC~gc.s (af Llte ty.~sclc~s:~~~, i ~ }} , e; ~
advantages ~. S.. )~~E~'~,t:a. xE. ftG. ~ a n t"h\:
~ \
following d~:-;.w ...~d description, andftc~~i-~i Ãtle claims.
1~ ~SCRIVI]ON (W D:1~~~VV~NG'S
W: aA :s a pn;specf.ivu view of a. stei-it..
1. IG. :'~ 1,37' .4 a i,mv.'i-sot:=uw` of a woffl of tffiu stent {ta.k4'"AaA'{3w]4; {-V ft=![~.s. =( . .. . along La3.~. `.i: ~ i t k..A.
{
3 IG 2 .w a flow Ou"14 of w'` i'.:.Ob[)d1m?4=1`ltofa `<iethC>ia o~:~:tL.=G
GI'T..=Is r L<~ s of '?"En, , FI(a. ;?A i`c`, a in i?4ti-sc(:li<3.i1 of i:t. wall of the kei-;.zZ of 3'ICK I
A, taken El{.?:`}g thC. S:T:+.:~
0..AI'Al.
C
F"(~.. .~.to ;3 i3. MzZ>} ~~ Ã i1:C.'sl't ofa wall of t1eLtel'1t of FICi IAõ
:akti1'a cx3.3'n~~ thL:= izi.:e:1 AIyAl.
. IG 4 is a flow z.;>ail of aI??3.Uz' embodiment t`.~'E a mtÃ.i10d :`f:iwhwd ve;:4. i:t?at,ng;
the mw1?~:
.. DE"IAILE #3 .~~SCRI P'Y1O.N
Ra~ri:rilv~g to FIG. `.'A, ;4c37l 10 hÃ3v=73g a body of il'ik{'Icon-n`::cted-ba..za.ls z,? and I I I?):'.t3;fa.i1Ã; an cpongt3;eLa w b1,~~~r sta aC:.tu.I'w. ?;a .ntio'4'.='.i3.. ~L ~S a F'7:i tF. to .`. ) :G, x B, i~_i~G:
LdC?.`;:.. SG.cilo.i3 i.`.f tta'#r: bC3l.iv of \t"t-;iIt 10 shows tlial the stent has c... ÃnF`.L=# `s..#?e.#:L=i:= z3.3.<
il: way. J.,.i::?ce 1.4 <ii#d an outer i3bl13tnTn<3l :~ufiacG 15. 1 ,~37L=
si.3r~:~4~,.` ' :s. 14 s:.. ~~E ~~ ., F:=`~ ~`
surfaces 3 "?s a coating 16 cf.f :.auaiU0:111 cixÃG.e (-x) e.gn, tAtailÃut31 alÃCkxlde i TiQ.,;
C:FO.tin,; 16 ~iw I #InIn tal s'Ja:F'l'..is..E' 13 and 1Idi: wall :~#.sF~~IGL: 14 fÃ.E.Ik3.e' .nL:ui:`,,.:i bà )1.3,.lC.c?.3.. : I:. Coi3ffi-1g E Cf3 Et3R abÃuF..#: _:`.i33 t?1..3rfi(ct 15 furthve ll2oTudb.':'+ b.Lo `ilt`ra+:.=i wios 18.
te: : 10 S.%1`iE bo pri?d ut;i d in a VaÃ'Firty of Y a i's. FL;" ex iImp le iol'um 3? i 3FIG'. 21, a . :31e~.~,.itt; 2~? f. J,~.i.st~:.ici~lg StL'7tt 10 ~~ ti~ 5elect.t~'e3~' uC3eft4=Ci 3~IT cÃcE4:ÃS s~escn ~Z~~;i~.. ~~~~:8?~ ~.t,;.ti 21). s.[il:~ ~ w,~n~~.r,:~ " ~ :s t4at,~~ l5d:sfhÃÃ:f~i ` ~,ir r~ are 4s.3.~.G=.: < o .r~ ?=iA ~~;:. `~#r p 2`;~
generated (step ~~~ E:,~~r? ~.:,f.
., a. 4,~,,.3~. ~}~i,Ãi '~I`_iR~('=
~.; ~ , g e; K :~i~ 3 p~~. i = cA ' v 4 K supi}r~~ =~ '.~r~~~.~~~~' ~ v . ~ ~I;~.: ~ Ãk~~~: , ~. ~~~~c:,.~13~~:,RI, in +.'.:ra ,3Ãm~ 16. Steiit 10 iS then bC. exposed U.S conditions "nÃ
~ic:~.'~3A :a? Ãs aE..sLt~'Ã.i<
~ ~~ ~ ~r! ~ '' ~7 ~ ~ to t1 ~e t ~a {- ~~, ~ '~ ! ~ ~ i 31~, , in ~'=' ~ Z .
:,y <s Z ~ t~. ~ ~
~. , i a aa~ la~_. tC. ,. + cUI~i4= .E~ 'i~~Ã~~. }l~ ~.z~ (step ~ C 3 . ~r~~v .'~ ~~4Ã ~: a ~ # . a t+o1 :NF
~CÃ ~=3 4>Ã'iit~Ã ~~=a`aL i6r a couple of days 3r by;:: process called `wetxrubb ilg ,sC.+ Kxim.i +oxi ~` rf t .. , >ti.. h 3C @ '~ SdySt~)~ 3 z a., ~l.t:~.~r4';si .3--~^ - , i23. L~I]Il.~l ~3. :~w*7"3~;J~,3bi)ph.lic z3`c3,.i: is i..i:.-:i:.d to a 1i?rdlroiSho;.?Ã: st.ii'#.<1Ã:E. by removal of the, aur~:c'.ts.e hydroxyl ?;,oup:~:
Yi Ii Et~:L allz a~t v4 of vtS I~~. ~Z ~~ are ti3`Ãi o3~~(~s~: t~? E:C>Ia .a.t .f~nC SiÃff::<.ÃL y3.~ r:~~ <..i~ i?
coating 16 L~ft`liLi selL=1:ted- SÃiraL+w'.s to b4c+~.~mehydrophÃ.l.t:=z e.g., s}.Ã.lnAhZ~dà op.Ã1l:c ; @rK:p 1'7 24i~,: '{ t >.~a .
,~~ . `?4 ~:x~ZC~i:ÃtÃ'i.. .i? l3r~.3~'~. For Gx~~37.~~,lG? :KC.is:'~'#I,4 ".~~ Ãar ..~_-, 3 , . 3A, :1.~`~z'#:C.=C% of K
lf m,1.~~~~t :~t"3~t. at.j can be pIa~:et~ ~.Gt~~;.t~tl~ ~~~ the k~.~~.;~~.~
~~ side ~a:~ stent ~ ~ .;.~ ~r~~~~~~~G~
.,.t }~ t~..~ 3~r '1. Light ~a~3~li',,5. .~~: $::~L'C:. S~'. ~ ~~'~x st; i 7~~Ã.~i1Z>.Ã~it.~..~S ~:.Il`Ili3l~~l s..II and ; < je '~ t~ll õ s:;;Fi ca G~t:. 33 .~.t;Ã..:`Ã:`~KF
~
coC sà ni~`:,.,3, ~.~.`Suci$ 1'..FL:7in# 1%Ã.ti4`}`3l will ~wÃ.~,Sw [l)crt1.::~ a~~ ~f) ?L i=liSFl~ ~à ~S~ by uÃf3 W:.?.Klo l,,`,,ht sot3,.ce 30 1ll:.12%"J.illtltf",:>>E.r.ri-kcs- 13 and 14, z.1:3luf.nia?A surface >:.` ibea:'ln'.4 2NI w i><xyiilfi.: 116 Ãh :Ai)i.:<i.i~ frcm ctpt?titaF't;, i{<4s wdth~ a '{.umEil't.l. hF:.:; {:ftt;x si:(ffi4#.ent i.~lwnÃ.~.~iatAony tf.ÃS.- i f.'suYt,ÃÃg sLent 10 EfSõ"`i;'r:% f`,o'c~~in; 16 t:a(Ã.t :-sup~.'ehi4'L3Ãtjphil,4 oii lunainaf suÃ'faio: 13 e:"tÃ:d..à ,~,Ãdo ws,3ls : 3.t1 ~r`~,1ce 14, ma..~ h3rdl'[)pl-tobl.f.: oI:1 i~aiEf.mhaal SÃartcÃcS 3.5, in zà wiha.=,. crabodÃ.mt:`n 3ri, flli7ti+i'aE-'d in FIG, 3B, a source of ult.c~i%i~oÃe ;.ig'i;.f..30 C:m bv placed gi:I'wrci:lS` otl b_Ãblilm:S1aa ti`'id^K,.' Ã}3 4fi^c.nt 10.
Li."~!)JA so.ai:.L. 130 1fllv"nnFn:,~t+u.s. tlx 2 5 ahlum3'i3 m that be<iÃ's co:Ãfit>g 1.6 i)f`] a,O,. h;~-,'ht source 30 fflt:K.;?2incttÃ;4 .> acf 1 ~7, swfai=es a? and 14 are ~.~l~okLd. Thwi, ~~ftcr 5utf;cienr il_wÃ,;nawiÃm; th-vo :'e"ultIT3t Ml.nt ~0 bears Z'.=S3`f.ltlng.i6 that Ã.5 hyS.S~~opi:.$3W4.=k53.i atii,w$-m.n.s`1urfiacc' I?wnd Fiydr<.phL>bÃZi :fÃt luminal s13.~"i.,ke.Ãc[.:
13 ai?.ci SÃdC.' tisl:t'Ã"aad,'e 14.
BC3ih, :3Ãe+.-:F;.po.5Ã:1:Ã"~.', 1.:E.f,trz4v1t?x~t 1a~Oit cxpi-5'zslaiC, and wCGt--mbbinG,',.-~ G==.ÃÃ? lbe ;3Ã.? C_.s# iwta out on a tii.:l[;ctivi ;:?23.cÃ"i:~~scalLe vastly eXpax d'1t1y ¾9'#.e &tYrre of h~f~""o~;?~.3:Ã~.l~. cFi?:~~
hydmphob'Ã.c aC.g`L'fm~ L4a;:`.At(.= Ã7~ 10 that c[Ãta bC I'ealyzf'd: Ot::e5' paki.teFiÃs, e.'.#. addition xm: thC:
;~
Z~~```5,.;==~s.F.41 ~tt;,3 "`= i:t~'~ ~'~t'. I'<.=c:?.FF~k:.~s. For ~.:~.i~i~ynki '., ,..ne:~ i~`. ~?~`~~}~i~~:; ~~SF~.~il.t : % . .Ã:
ones ` > ~a~; Ã`a~`,L?v^r a f ~' ''u.rf'~~:.
13 and abluiF3.i#a'ri) :St.#:i fi3.C:i' 1. `` i'-mn bQ tE:i.'!'ned hyd.o~liffiQ , t:.eo$:i s t. l:g}tt :`:i:?C3"-~"lirf3. .111 ailc3thi:s Ã:rfl'r pZ?a'i1o7iS of coating 16 of any of xbi;: surfaces i 3), 14 ,.#.1d/t).; 1:5 mm'y `1~..
~"` ~.Fi:rI~.L~.~ .i>v~GFik.~3i'~>l.i~.~. The possible patterns are ~n#.dtn`:#~..'sF.ti.>
; ? `s.lYShi <, t,fi>.'zli#` E:d:r FIG, 2. std:'Inà 10 beui'F3~T.
i:'~i52.#Ã3;{i16 I~ . is ;; ,,, 5#ydF':;ph]lxc a::i6, hyi,1.?3phi?bic is then c<.'s3ted, c:g, 11hy dF`E3Z:oi3t! a?gr Mz,? as41st.i`a Ff;i #Fw;, > v ~.`lec:m5tctÃo ~*n'~y"#zn.l;. dectroCpints~a'~g, or ri3ll-Ã,t.7afing I.F`
&;nit'Qd s.IbStane.`s ci:.3Fn1p.1;#.blw ~-i? z#. +`.ieSim, b1on-i';lt =i;ulÃ,s 17 and 18 (stel) ..~~..:?). For L=.xcnmpi:, sÃt z:nà 1.0 :'ml be .,o.itLC#, L Ã;.;
S
f.:i~#~1$;t3 in a .#c ;ix"~'3{3~3F~a :>i.?l~F-~.3'iiF: containing fF=
bIi).inl>t'GL uq !r q e.g., pJaidF .eui. ,.F y ky:.i.'=ii.'C. (F.'::~.Y
" t up to it3{e by ~=v'i:igl1t E?r paÃs'~it.3?.el) amd optionally a pol ym`~.`'=; `+..'.~"'.-,.++ ay~5:4#,."F~: i~
Ãt`':~f7n=-:I ,inmi,'1%Ãe#.`F 8uI."vi4:L=s bearing 1:uCil`12pbFC L`=i3Qiti#n, t 16.
I'l3.+w ti`LC.iIt c::fn i?C: d,.io.a w'.d 3.h, process > e3S.t:.:+..{'a, building layers #.,pt]n the ?:ib`dÃ'+?pAi<?bIc _ wn at:cs. In wno:ho I'z;.?oC~z:+llÃ..~e1.- ~
w . ~'=
sÃa.nL 10 Ca.:i E3u 1.1r,hm` cf1Ãi=EL'.il. `.g., d:ti?,i?ud U3 a pi?hai s'olidtiw. z.,Un'._iA FIF:Ig sF#.Jd2':' b.<ZJn'.'to lmu i.Ã:y % ...~pa#".'f.<3. p}':I a#.' solution Vx.i;:I adhere to fla<.#.i`#.`.,#lzit =i.`'+su...Ã'.ai<e..r ..n'=:lI'#=:'rlg )s?>/ i \#y?e~~#T(4 = rC t ~i+; }. . Ii'( ) = { ,¾ pf {~F.:*,.3t211.n)[ c>,-ayts q f<}f~~LiiiAntrL1aa(~L., 1Ã~.i3~{. a}~)$ } {i can Y ~l1~ t.rZL~LL/t7 tt{
,::
i tb . 3 \:1~LZ.a~i~.. ~t.=:. t.2(lLr ~ ..4 ~ 'Y t~\
3,.pc:.?at`a3 g m1>, ci:iJ>,: iLE: spr y"i7{!, i~.~4~:tF:'t?;~0:' s~?#.c'#:Y$'S.3e~Lxits5~?.ist~n,gj or roll i i#i1:;.(~?dõ, _ t. ~-= .=
n.3i a soh.nFi?n that .ini;lue.a#.::i a comb..n'<Ftno#1 of both pt3~;;, sFT.t?
:lo.i lxlrclF s,?';'vtõ3.~ A-vEEh n'uspÃ:cÃii..li dissolved blo?:i'#.ii;i<t,'-uh,s ain`id, optif3i'Ãa.~1y, p:?%i7t':.ets. In this ui#.bt?d.i meF':l, the t~ z ~ li~. . i'~.~, cxz~#.:S ;Ã n 5' :; ~
211; ~-. `~ t~z SE 1.~'i:l. =i ` ,:: t:? the 4 >~.. :~ 3~. i:,;lc. .~. ~4'~5 {:1~~~.11 of ~l~.i ~L ~~a, ~t~ ~~'i= :"~ii..
:p;3ia:>
_ _ ~
solvent ~Tii.[A adhere to ~Ã~n0.~1;=~.r~3~3~~t~bzc= r~.~,~}~i:'~;~ i~~ ~ter-t h 0. The .,e4i-F2~itig '"C,F; 10 wi ,, hs.a es3.#n..,aces sLlec3:Fv l-y a.L}ated, with multiple bÃ47mL`+>trccdt'=s.
s, in ~?in.~ C=i'#:n:~t3~~.tr:i+.....t, :~~.t;~n1~ 10 :s~~utn"b ~==e~F~3e;FtL:
1.6 t~f ~3~`C~t`+~~~~n.~:3t Ti,;f_), '.~.+:`:.t: 10 Thus, is _ ,cft szf '~ `~ ~ r '~ ~ ~ ` } tais.d} ~. $i-k1' ~ ~ coating ~ Y :t~3 tt?
b:ct,e .2`e ~74'~:~.;)~}zt?~: Z e ~ { e\ -iCG. ;`tE+:.xr t~ .i;: Ã.. f~a:~
.¾:t;' a ,.2$in~: SF.I~'.l...;
.'5 luminal SuFfat:.'. 13 .xnd s3d't; wall surface 14 mi MÃ.:1 UV ffi'"1t source 310, tui'i i.u~; ,.r.c.:a: s.~E'Ft'~I ~nv~n,;itpl-affic. s3fi ~ lutt7i#ni3l "~mt fiico 13 and side w az~ sui fÃ#cw 14 bL= ii sn,g;
in~~dw,ph3lic ccse>.Ãir:.; t6 are coated with polar soIF.itiimny .it:ki b.oian<?1ccud cs, g.. ::;-s pf~rm.
'T.F.:'. :nbl>i3'3I.3#::n:A wflil ;iurx`s.iC:~ 15 be.3fieif.:h~~di'i.3phÃ3bIc i:a}f-#tinM 16, on a7w i_t`ht+., hanl.a, 'F;*
Lr\?ft^'!`:.d wi&~nCrn poEa3, soiilt'e.+oniliLi.dt& ulomol'4'udles.
~w~..?..y'.., paclitaxel, g.; i=iavIfta:\\+S .4Fn{..:
30 bii?dtsi' Poly.~`i:;r, O.g., SIBS. 3T1 i.)I .+e s.',inbi)dill"FZ:F'1$.:`>be.Ãsà Iz;ii1`F b0~ coated w#.`:'h. ~.^ ~-z{sltdnt~?#.^:
t1l<3f ;.ilca3.}t,a.s ~l cti?It"1b#.t;ilfFt>Ã: of boldn polar t.Iid non-polar s%,?svimfs with ?'~sipech`w cly iÃnia, t>p? ik?ns..~lyy p(?lymC;Ã`:`*., In ,.,.iwffiti;a' C '.ll3bodÃ;:lÃe:'It, slt,`T#t 10 bears co~~ti}3ÃF 16 of rÃ
t~l'i'f3:~`.~t,.~ ~It~~=;> `>e Ã?: 10 :5 .24ft ).ithie dark }t}} a Zim?..:st-kiil'VLe3.1.t for f.S to be4oln:k..m.hy7.tS\F\lhobic. Next, 5 C 71rii i~ i ~.~:;^ 3: ' {=:='c . I~?: "
; ÃfÃ~Ãw; 16 is illuminated with ~ ' 1` l1 i :~ v't c . . .. .
~C?dsÃ4e 30, :~~ 'i$sZ~ it ;ii3p<;Ã'.hvC.Ã"??ph3.z:. LunndFx`rfl sts;'taS:t i"Z and 51ÃiQ wall sLFÃ'.,;:tc.4 14b:'.kÃt :tg ca3af.11.:g 16 .ÃB't?
Cox=.ted wi?.q ;.c>a> n0lar solut ons and b:oniz~~~culzas. `I'~~~ ~~~~unnir~al sUxfil.,c 15 ;"- coated W.lh. pZ)la.'2 si;.,uaon,4. cm~ biornoFe<-ules. .Fn otie 's:mbodiment, sf\',im 10 can be 4t:tat~.'4(]w>fli a ."'olutLon il..L3L ina.wud:s a ~~f boih, po1t2ri:~ii43 no;cl"pGe.:~r `oi.=eii'iavs, witai..
o~'s r".:spU%:~t~~+ Z' ~7gtit>i~'L; drugs w7d, tlpf:ion:~It'W, p)lL'il`}er:~,.
As iEwu',,>Lvd caqkr v }ni:lni.=fxkeÃ' k::}nboa}i}.C::nf, rathr'r than illuminating fhe umii'C%
.tumt7al s.ut f<3Ov;. 13 aud -.3\}Ã w%3ll s.I.tft}ce 14 bearing coating 16 or \h;. c~~-0:i?e ..:3?tAt'}?tnal su;f:~~~~ 1,55 (in step 24 of 1-1G. `?), selected regions c}i' any ci 'I 3u1-i~ t~~, 14 z.~~: ',i: l 5 ~:..~ E uze3);
be 111un1. ?sitE_d.. and selected ri,:gÃoÃi;i lnav bc coated ÃT. E}e3i.t'Ld polar and non-polar 15 si3.i.Ã:1:3n:5. Z.ny nuÃ}ib>.. and viÃÃ'.Ãil'f'L)fi of coating pÃlIieE51S
is p0ssÃb:t'.
Re.Ã'}`>z$tA; ft3 ~~I~7. ~= ~::"}C3.~,e.'~'t~it;f~:~,t3~ of yFt,`t~C~f'Y~3$i~3~; a selectively coated stG~`Ã~i sa: z~
>T.a 10 is generated (:~f~..''~~+ 41). Si~.~f...C.C:~s 13, ~:^~ .-.:}ci ~ a ) of sl'!^}.n: 10 are ~~t,>awo:
L?>.tf1 xlYi,O, (A`7a.p 42)y \.,f.$,.f>3'y'trZ3ph'.lic e.gsup.ihy4EropAI.1i.Ãs #0~
x.ti r . ~ 4: i y then =
%~ L''^s''~l~~xi'~^i,:~lt.t:=
~,:~~},. ~.~lflTc'Cr ~ ~..3 ki?'tÃt3ka-FiY ,, si?. :].:~T%~ 10 fi 'f~e%=?<<~E.;,i.~,: tc t:t?i'.tdI:it3nS
Ei Si;.ff,ci.ei3t .3 i:.i3.Ã-sa:' f.hs.. Trt,O 'oc;'i.Ãa:.; 16 fL?
'=~,IJIi, .~~3.y i~F'i3~~}1C3~`a%~ (step 4.`) ~34 I;tF
h a..
rc.tt a r ~~ x~i>i'kir~::Ã~E i~i?i a fe ~s ~~ ~ 5 tiÃ..
~.t"f >. :~.,ta~: ~:i~~^:x<:L~u` ~.~r ~~r5: ~~1~"~:.+;:~~~ 13, 14 ~,t~~~, i::
15 tz' s::jG.L'tI~d portions +>f s..ial.oEt'ts 13, 14 anÃS 15 C3;: .3f.'=i3~ 10 bt.ui"lkxocoating 16 are then t :xp5}sZ:Ci `tz'3 ~uffi6':it :o celk,zse the coating 16 fo bi,'.'i:f}3>iL. Iz`Ji;.:'op1h1':iL
Q.g,s e,- , b,~ ~IV i;lunnination (s:>g: Xf' 1:~np. ..,s0 m:.r"qt,.s exposu:=e tirT:O".) 25 i.~'.p 44I ;joiL.``Lki'`P.`d 4'L1.iface:: e'^pl);st'=d to UV
illv=,ini'ii:iCJn can }ri+~.'fuds..' fh>-w? {,..n`.lf':o surfaces 14 1zid z~ boarmig coating 16: Si,.aeL'ttiaCi Sfidaw.C;s Iffl.,Ãi! have :3ei:n`v`i:p:;~ #Zo'`
::i u7i`3:I3.:..i{.~ are s~1i7:~~{i~~` exposed to conditions :~~I~lc.3eÃ1f t<'3 cause J.~`, to become h L~.~,-z1~+~It;b,~. " :~`t~:~3 ^f;?), rI ~'3~'~ conditions GF~'<s i"ltl.~ t _ " ~~.e<:~^i`~.I`'r~
5uI iac+:1 (' ..F.. luT.xwli3_:.l and rLbriÃ2n1n+~`~'l Su$'at34i"Pv, or any other vo.f}.3b:natÃSn of s..3..:.}.cvSt with t i~Ss.`.~' ~ 3lh eC. a it~=~l or a ~?a3: f#tit'= tEe, esF ?`, i sz i=Ã... = t`
;, I~~ `: 'S `ut..
~ paper ~ .., ~~~ ~.i c'. cr. z~i~<I:F ~r 7t. ,:
1 ~J' :i'L#.iib:.i?iv, and .>iQ$~:.~' exposure can be dC)T::: on a 8dGc:t.1v.
I?1z4tt3 `G~i~~ %ulli, expanding i.ht, reL`a;ic y?b-pdFal4F:`: i(yflhVdr\1'pin(1~'L.~3C: ailta hydS'l2phalic regions that ca3F be ieal c.~';c-d .< `
..x,"r`:`x referring ~'g to FIG. ~=k , s.~G~?'~Ã1.~.~ is SwY?<? f:t,! g.. . ~ :3~= ' ..:4~i .,_ . ~, t~i~)G:k#c3t F?V~,, F ~i34 <1:isF5.
spr;tai`.iF', ..lL=d.ost:l.fi.'' tip3rlvi3w, clei;.:7'ospF.i)I}.iiag oi rE;i.i. 4~O'r3t.ti'1g, in dewirct> >,'i.'2. :...wnMo{s) (step '=;;i OF'xe interesting FppaIcaboll of wL'`[-1`1.3bb7.1..-',' ..:s that it allows just t?vS:b:fitLce ti', i)~. Wmiv',$.E frona a k)tVd~t~pz%ifit. poro'.-+~..,~' Ti;yO' t.::.faÃ.ing in.w a hydri,pboF.3ii suF'f'iC:e, w3;;:3fi:
leaz :ng .:ri4.d. ~us)d\r,ynngj ~~roF.~s st:~.FcÃ:r~? ~A~rcxro-~~.~lic. .
lbi,~ ; an enable coating s;.~.~?. 1Ã~ S :i:~: ~<i~:FC?;.~~ ~.~~.)i~.~si~~FaÃit~~~s o a ~~ a r ~.~.t~
~~t~~~- ;~ o l<~a ~o I .~c r~t s ~~_¾t .~:~~.t d1 sSCrzv4x" SA;3zp ~F?i~'i)2 pony#i?ei'~ te. create S [rtF`F 34tiÃ?g ot`at#.ta\ C t #~~g~~?:~iE~(;~t? To `,f: coated, ": ~ ?;..oI~] inside of `~;.c ;3R#i~3L3s'f',~~,: t(?cF[Fl~f. .~f? one ci2ib~3C~f? . 4toI3i ~?+ can .r~}i 1 p c ~ 'c fK ~r { .
ti~,9f <~ ` <A is:.s~t 3titl~'L:{ ,~\^ ~~+ 'Sf.,~'.n +~~3 Yy ~=ilVuLv~AL~16 c{
p~. spraying, '~.?waLV,. i~Ã~a Q#iilà lf,;'. in 4.;f3F3rpC3li13' sE,l~'.:Itton. 4>()nÃ.$1;1ing bIttli:l6:1lc+vL+les, i'..hs.., paclAi#.x4 i c };., paC....[a?=iei zi;Fd bii?doi p'i.?>ymer. L..g:, S IBS, and a P(#9:FÃ" Sf?;L1ti~~i;.I?
cs#3'tt&Fi :tcIg b.F?.,F;:?kxuloj, y g hopM=~~i:-1s e i..~',,.. 33eparin :xs.Fadpti.'fpncl. In anok.,Lmreii?{)l}di mf:=nÃ.y sÃCiiwtE 0 4m bt,, \.':)aLoU.. f:.`y.,, ...
C
"=t? ~i`~, t51~3i:~3r f:i 4;; ~;~J-~~4;;):~'~.~:<~ kz~,1:~.~'1# ;~.
~:~~:~~~~Vt.dF$IC ~~TT'sl~`<:lt~. ~.~L`=L:~E'3~"~,)~~F3:i"F~.2 .~i" i'E?~A^
F.'oiÃ?:':g, 321 a solution flli`~: includes a +.,'{3i:#1b:37.e~tii;lx of both polc3F'a:3E3 #.lofa-;!Folc3, solvents bZ ,F ILspÃ,o_lv:.lk dmsol:?E:d b1E>m<?le%:uluS; c&, drugs, and, ;?p1ioIFÃffly,, polymers.
LiA ano ther 't.=13~~~od5mc=idÃ, once stent 10 h'ai.)l+LWt3 1t41{.4ted vv Att:, desired Mo.;S.) o.k`/cL1tes -,-AÃed. hi his embodiment, <3:tI&%37 jptx? y,::L 's, a fiC t',E:3i'lzl Pf5:'L3z.iS cE,i3'i#,3;Fg i`:f'rIsOv t:FT'2 be q p~
2 ,T%0. Q>bF be applied without the use of higla~tem~orature step, TÃ.~, c.:t) be ap,.?~I~c>; ~ .~..
~'i.~ Fi):~=~~~4TV.F:E~ ;1SFStCdl deposition. IP this cÃ"Pibociai-ni;t?i=
b;i_?mCilcisi..e.. on .he5`tm Y .:=..cy.x pac:itaxol, can through the pores of the second 'l'~,O, tayer.
In <iÃzot'he; embodiment, ?Fvdrc)phihi~ biun?C#[ectF.es :.4tti be pack<3,>;;,>;: into ~3\ d3Z`,phiJb3i lipid capsules (e.g., liaÃ~~soiFHe3) md alpplFvd to ai~ydI'l;phii 3li ~ i1~zF.lf~ 16, 25 14'urÃhv? a~.`fL'"nin.:. ':C? F:C'i, 4, ,ÃÃ'j' 421 of Fi:e}?t?~ 40 cFt' .nw;.udo cC`Flti-in#
n ~ FZ?Flti s'o ]i 10 4'V :Sh T F,~_+~v that i s tIi'e:'^.o pol"oviS= F:`.g..
mvsC. pori}Lit or i=a?Ic7'4e-p:?aoL#. K;:;E'Ad oÃ...eF s'ti:=,.Z.cted rE;=gFon's, with TFp,Oc: that is FfeF?'.jrail S.ITaol~th, .F w=.,. not acFaio"poims. IÃ; one <:# FNAi'm' :K the m#~'.)i,ils coi$FVi: with i:2a.1,d1 ~.?o a'<)ll.a 'r`,s3atini., `a. ..`aFi bC? :F3F?.i."Fal .2 :C_. :-6Eic w;ili aS 5 i iax?ta `~ ` 14, ~ r x~~{fL t~.?f:' ' ~ k 2`a~)`5~`^ ra.iu.': wall ~ . ;
rv~..x,..~lr~"' ~'x,`i~'a~}. YJ`~n: F3a)i)t~F UC)cF~a~ ~~ .,f ~ can t31.=
l.n..n.icll3 swd.a'F..o<
i;31offiea' t?.il`aE?(SdiF?3=4''=nf, tliC` r+`. ,g14~`:i3::i LS'#fh fFixilo--poIC3:+:x coating can b:: a-b`LF:Ia,IÃ, "d _,?.iÃ,iÃC^ w :i+.arfiaces 1vvllflo mo 1f.t'[ri<rt)s ..s,>l_tl7 S%Tlof? .h ci3:F.Ã1r1.f, can be l::.tõn.n.t3 and ?3t~~ wall ;~ ' 13 and 14, .._~.'~tÃaE.`= sicia:. 10 coated with I1.:3I1E`.+-~~.~o.t:i3..s wf`..Es tixnE~E?\h 'T1,40, uaFx .ailE'a:> be , wxpE, \ ...M~ E, i lE., Li3;.rdFt'ÃÃ7ns ~ K tbr aE}<Ãt3iIÃ? a't t.F'a~. ~::..
~, Ã:~~.o.tG'~lf: ~t,. ~ ~ ~E.1 ~t;=~~tÃ,. ~E~-~~~E`~~~=L.-,.tf*rt~;a;<, by UV
irradiation ;keL 44)~ EIsilr. 4 .'oiii 10 E:i1:F3 Ehe1.. be ;x~.`tose$. to GE`,FlvlitÃ.EfaL s.]tfflicio,:3t to cause s0lco"':i:,: T\,:.=_t'.."ions of ci3at1#.Ãg 16 to b cE?me bv''drl`phi}bi:L,, C` g- b3 p>`.i.'x4 ~ g sE`# ia E ,"r Fa3 E.i.~.u'k ~ csÃId 1`':it?i3S a;`.- a +:'E:I-taFiFs ~Itlli;frzFme , s:,g.r c? F1tFi`IIb Gi' 3Zf days C:f Le Lt:.ks Ãtili:p, 4 45,. ~~YJ) s tl~p 4~
OtL fo ;~lt. ~:n::~c~,.`ti'fi with I'?:~:1.Ã~i2 ~3isÃ't3~2s+~'i,~~y. will #4~~..E.`.. $.#"t:F, Ar~r~. aP{F. ~. L.; a s<.~. 95(2 1),5~~t~ ; ~~~~.2L,~~'Y~f. STF'rh:E= s Ã~yÃ
aI E~i~s i,iZ *ltLtf ~ ~ttli , cr i I~E` the ~~21Fi#~~~x`~~~~~..=C'f~i bo4+Znne i..y`a;+.3pnE`>bic. ~~liL re-ti#..lti1.~~ stent 10 can be coated e.g., by #.ipa.:(i~tin+.:, giÃ: R
ia:k'.1,g'.s ied 4p.s3.Ffa .o sp3 hy3t3.e". ClE'.S tTE?4PInFziix3 g iFr:E)dl^E:S?` kF :ti., h. t.L:4i.F'# d sC3lÃ,i.lE?~"s LcmE>.3.Fning a +..i:mbÃA7's~iSun of polar G#.F1d c.m-lu'alfÃ:Ãg ~\~34'.~. 4 f ~ 1 ZÃ~;.F'i.~E)1 4?'x =~ ]s 'Ji:~.(a?E)F~ ! 7\'l.~ l; t L:E>.~~vti;y ~r~..f4.' :~}i..~l~;~~i~=`T~.~, as 'Es.4sf=r~'~~L: crti?i~[:, 3 use, stent I() i3:3. be ~.~.f:7eS,. C &. dt,l 'veF'Cd, t:f.siF y. a swad:etC'r it`h-v~..'Ã~ sy:iEean.
Catha=:i.r u'4siem u a1e d0'suIb3i.EI, c.~., i i7 Wang i. .S. Pc._.,t NcZ. 5 ,195.969, 1-1 a.F2`?hF1 ~ U.S. Patent No, 4""~0.{)i?6, miEa Rae&T-D'E :'f9E1:s U.S. :j .isf,:l.f NC;.
6,7 ~Efi., s12r S:+.:Ftt, and +T`~~~ . t \ {~,_`~~ks ~vv~'~.~' ' f~] i. S:~.L, +Y'~`.=' ' 1~~r k+~+> ~~ t?i ~ }' a~~ t~~.= ' ~' } ~R or i }p-}bi o t""' s~ ``r^~Ct~'Ye:a`l ~1 v \2 r~ 4 }
~~~' ~.aZ}1S: .-r\
. l.~.i4e~~ l ~ the ~i~~~~.i.~ ~.3. ~'}~i.. ~.~3\. V .
Boston SC.F+..l.?.?i,+>= .3c:Ã{ 1S,.E>, Map3.eGÃZ.ve...N'3.N . Stent ;.i, k`,fl'i:2Ãing naor\ :3.``s.in one type E?i`i~
'LlÃomolEcEa.c, Z cY ,bim11Ef:FoC.uloti 17 and 18 df,:hvS. .F .~,i,' a7F
3TaIkÃie"6=u.ii.'.:i tt` i,g., e3 bi t;E:
a ~=
~' : SCr'a BÃt.Y:n`v.. "`~v cu. l`:~t 5 7 &nia i 18 E;isx3 ti'~r~.+xLõ~~
t'iE,F-" E3s S:=el~.J of ~.~,.i C.' blood )E.=sy ~ ~v . . . . . . ~.
C, v { g ~.=v~~.i Y~
:%.ad#~~.~#.L:z~...3:t ~;x,`:i 3~~.'ioE~:3.i .x1Ã.~st%ie t~L=ls:h.
As U`scussC'd. coating 14,`t of qzvnt 1. 0 ei3an Int;lt:dz<T 3,O,,., ImE.fE,:".::Ebay >:tÃIniu::E3.
E3i.F? w;iic. T;.ti->;l;lÃF:.: dioxide, also ki>owÃ3 am fitE3nf.Ã.Ã::23. ~IVj E?xido or t>tama I;C the Ã:at`:a.F<3.lE:y EfcE;i.3rfià #? E+xiiao of tItE1ni :$32, s~l1~~I~33~.:1l f1~1ul~à Ti~~=.=. ~
33\.>v..,F:', ~ ÃI~. a lEAtl'i.l ; a- r:.z ,.~ f f\~F~F~..ti ~t Z . Ã w I ~ ~~I~ i .~;
zLi~Fli'., i1F7c :,b ~i31'ESi.~~i:FtU;. tzixiF3aÃÃ.Ã~?1 dioxide (B) (~ll(33`iS~: Fl~ii ~, Ã..4F ~FIFI~ ~FE#.ti;S#.~~ ~a3~ and tÃian:uiÃ.. dfiok::dio (H). Cup {'# a:%i,, P3'(3g. Sa.?Id Stxuf.' 1,-J,x.c'n2.
3 . 33- 1.77. 2004.
a:ixuÃ.3n4,, .a:.:, kmmi to bc, bsood ctf,Iipa:Olo. Nza.iÃ''.;.~ a ut., Boston swii'.E1tEfw c<?rpwatÃon izEto.;]s3l report, 2001 Ts-y:gi1FlfSa' C:< GIl:, Su,f;flr..'f?[<i. Te[=f..
200:104 1-4-41L 2i)05. 1-l%oc;d-;>.s37t1E3at.bic s:3; it.3nc%s show E`?:]lY' ÃI7.tIio;:' UldLÃct:o}'t s:if blood &M >i3ÃÃ?#at#i3F2 T>O2 f.t both ~'Ee.IEa ia;1t i1~ 1~s3~E= phÃF?es shows low platelet ililhEh7.E1Ã:.
.+Si top suif.a\e of i-1Ã~Ã~3~i ~~~ilii`+F ~~. . at 1Ã1 fC323 E~ti1 ~3~~t; <3f e's~}E~3.St }EFEF to aF.~?i~s t 5%) +~~L~.,=:_'.<:õ=:.`~~
pd..~1millL;=tadhos%#.Ji tE? TsO? MRFÃi.>tjd'il.:~.
Ms,3~;3}iolf3gS mysial structure and doping <ff'I'i,O, coaaT.Ã>:~: 16 are so:t7w irluui7.on,5 that fiti'.fi.ia to be tcF\4ii :Enti> av'i .omit whe$:t 1T3ak:iIg i1.iid using SÃ.+..'Ã1t 10, . %0, v>?mung 16 of s?ep,; 10 can bea cm Aal (amitas~.~ ~)r i-i.tt~lc cti~u:cÃuÃe). Crv~'Ã-ul s":uc'Wr; ;s pl.o:u.acÃive.
c2 y"Aal 'q2LvT...t\4r4' also has L~14/~.fJ.~..i~3.P or w1.~1<ghF.~
',V 13iLjt.dtAG1.4it4at4~} [y,L*,'twci~?~.2a~.\S s"~'_t}{~4x~:' : of . .. A . , with ~ ~.sÃZT~~`~~3l.'~~[Ã.zi;i I? and 18, that can i~a~ placed on ~.Ã7ri.f':IT,~;
16 411Cx.~.~.` a:3Ã' Ãti a:E~II .'i.i~3~.Ã'~t:?~"Ã b~`t~~.:
pt3 't i-n<:Ã'S .u, &i1E Ã?Ãhe. bii?13.1~yl%oulc~. Ct?al3:i'3.zg 16 cE?f3 also be c3i'?ti'_3"p;loli" ;Na;: ; ppLla."#amv : ~.`al., ~'ta.. ?a?>?à bstt}.4.~~`r 98r 2006;t or be. a tomb11.aboÃ"r, of one or .".3~ort', of -dw phzls1;s: s.3.1F:$'t?ise; ,..3:fle, b.".'i7i'kÃ:Ã:, fS.I#3oI"pho.fs, anC}llochà lc;.; :Ex`.dv::('-:C) I , I
vmf "OÃ' E3Ã ; :FBrn ( v) t.3?iw<
ii: Ildsiead of ;a:ie31g puaCr 1%03 ib f:<3c dr1`?? phf35pl1o.tl.T."3 L.ia bo. eFnbF'Adt.d i'l a iow pi.'=rz.i.'ng...g4 about 0.5 to about ? ./ii ) 1:1iF5 Iil`+' 5l0 =l:tyt':
(0..g" t.Ã.~ÃFhÃ' rr.a3sT]>i:1 mri7a1ez;Ãis:x process) to increase blood ::+:.)11aI3;.1fibI.l]ty of the coating. M`sdtz . t ,a.f.
J.: oth('.r 01.3` .bax_filmvlts., t;<3atlla~ 16 can be a f:f.:nibÃn:i:Ãt?.:
offa,O: and "t?xiL 0:5.); or a, C:om.7:nat.fu111 of TÃ,Or. and O-xÃ(ie (R1:3V
x). .3: a c.:C3mblÃ'?.:F 1o;?
lr:>>x s..e-Ãd : ~~uOx. RuOx and I;O
L can dtinaSE :::iF' pJÃe:l>ÃÃi1 Ez?~~ t.Ãfrl`=
onggoing, in izli cc~~~is, surrounding stL"Itt IL+ iÃa 1h~.' boily, because I17:4c ci5fa3p.runds can J.atalyzc b..L...,kd1own.1~f by"w=~:roducy Cri`stre4:55,.?rii.CC11.`..
:t? ~ l~~ 4: coating 16 ti;c3~i1 ~~,G: doped, e.g., ., ~3 ttil.E~'t~ ` ~TE ;.
Z ,al l3~.xT~1 (C).. nitrogen (N), bi83iAÃ.lth. (B1). S'iln~'.~`d?t7.Ã2 (V) or their coÃ?7bÃIsaf,ali. Fs'. tI o?;.IT.fy t'.3"ah_:ince;;
20 TÃl().: cL?,,`,,vwr-sio;.# i-.~te of phiStE?:ÃS.1L`s.3L,ed hydi'.:+ph l Ciiy' and 3"eCt:.1cG;`e .he ?'a'ts o.tt`d;:.t7F :'e#':Ãi:`n fIZ`m, il-.dÃa?w3:a$..C: to i: j'Ã:sophob:C: Sti3te. Yu t.'i i:I+.., C
~:.~'rrrd it?h}.'s. 9:3: 19i9 ^ F.i:). .~`'.~i~
:?Ã3i /4??` V-doping {aoCir<?a::c ti1C', water oi.lnii:14t angle, wh zlS: Bl-V
(aIFE`:1ng c3.i3. cÃ,.}ÃaF'.'`.d;:<`.=
31..ÃÃt..v'wluÃ.tui: i3f a low i'vÃ:iter con'tslut .:4a"`..(21i u31dcI' dark cC`.I7d:tÃ.oÃ;.s> Hon;` i r i.l- r`t.fcf;:
60. 1296-1305 ~?'0t`r6. C--d43ping bas also becii reported to influctiLaz hydrophilic ptÃspcri;c;
25 oa Y Y<.~.r;i. aa e.` 't Gd/r .T<F}'~f So f?d FiNS 5 10....:, i" -. 2 006.
A~
xÃ..#~t.1~~:~r e~t~, techniques ~Ã~3 ~'Js:, tis~:i3 to deposit .1;~,.~'v t:[.}ut1Ã"k; 16 :k>: 4Ãem 10, in..`.udi,3g ;ol-~.;cl routes and cut~~~~le eiectÃ~~~eposition.
Karupp::hm~~~~~~ ~ le al., .St}he< Ss:z,:.=
.E511-1t3-2v , ~ ~... .y ~i^ .'_.;: ' 'UiA3pLlk~...a '~~ rf. .t'~~7. ~. C#
r.E::~'.. P F ..;Frf ,~., ''~ .,:i ~+ ~ 1 ..',~', r}~'~.~ir~' <"~I:.'~` c t ?+ t'f.
Hi.Itt13r'3 'i r?3'õ z t 1:#;"f''$:d>:.. 11 54>~~ 215, .'t9W NlGtiÃ.?`
df.'pos,Si3.-i tec~~'x: .iqI:ÃFws .a....Ãf:e. a: h:gb-ng step (e.g:7 heating to about 400 C: ~ t#.3 tfsrFl dc'.-pos.a let$ ii}i"#e 1.11t(?
~¾ such a ~ xgh^tL'.'u:p4Ã`iitId.C'o step 1,,~- #.:Ã1t.es2riiblo (S;= g if the :?Eo:~At ai.l'L'ad'y l:_h has a coa{ir,,g of .h<:rincf-sens~~ive ~lennenÃs". 'Sut:h as ce~ta;n po;;
mwwy.
~ysÃ[`.#2'~~ (MEMs), or ~~?i?i7i(?~~ L# Eay~a i7axL?'C72i`:~~ ~= cA..~~SÃC`+1 f,cpoS,t1L3.a i,f +a 3,O=,;s :3n i'se' used. 'Lf g},l G1 t.L , .',ks{t}qt'Tiu:r . ~{ :89 .# 96, 2001, Gfts;`eI MI~~.`hQI
[:'r tr.>Yc~. ~c7.'.~, x~ ~.:l~i: L ~ 2t35.lir4'" , \ ~, .~l.kt~+~,!. F.>r g ~
~)a ~R z"= ,.` , .
, .t.}' iG ..2':vf:~~Aõ~5~: t~.
S ~.~c~~iS:i,.~:i(~ 3, :?.::~#.~,a.s:; ~4r.tF~ii:l#;`+ :1~'`' SYntht::s71:etj directly in s..#;P,,.ns:o3: ~Us13"ig .`. ?`a?:croi't <3i:=
reactor and `a~'~.?.c .3i1Ãtzclw-S (of ,ibowt 70lem t!i diameter) a1'e dqpt)Sttet:3 by a dipc.?w p#>_?i,ar.;is ar;. rZ?wn c z> r=> >=s5;,~3-~~1#,.h~.. a; i.s Z"a+ xf. ~;~~~.E?'l =li::3: r b:~??1 ~~ kd`,~3C? method ~.Ã`~;'~:s~Ãs~~ll .~ another a'~~iv,~?i,:'a :3 at avo#d1..}i4T~.: .-1a ~'.a.::~i`r#.~d.~:t~i~~~ ##~.'.1~~#:~"l~~
E~c~?d?>`a~taS3i1. #~~~l.E)..~=ii;3 4ad...:'i.$}; k.~.3rij 246. 7'~716 2005 . . -~ t o ~ ~ s.., ~ {\ will .:~:a:e(.~ 7 .~~' ~.1h`s::rz ;s ii.\i:~t,t> t2il! bo~=ke. z ~=x=la.i4~-~~lij~i'd TiC'l. {~-, coating ,~
yr?.'~ .t? k e= Y~3Z i ~ ~~
A3~ .
~~ =t. . . ~ r' a c a rt:~~3i:;~=~,: ~~ . in E~~i Yu <_ t<,.i., ~~,:~rÃ?p~?
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known f.i> Sw.::.ca: 'f?4om hE'ElvY#pE.i{)bic a4' tiuperbVdri}a:'}inieai\, we1S.'.r#. Qxq?o Jl i.ii EaYÃt".i:#.-vÃf?l::i. (U W) T}lis cf1L:Ct exists not +.?l.13y 1#i $he c#31:~ta~l-n:~ru#;1.o p:1ascs (Y;., c':t i.d.), it fiÃi~r3 Q~~ (7~, ~; i f tE'3`3a# also .>: 4' ; r~ ~'a'. #- #~ (,` 3.~ ~ ;~?l:s at' ~`i,4 fi(? , -"
,?3~ p#Li - :~di<~#aZy c'i c:itk # : .~.. 't~: `Y^'7~ .t,#}~`3). ~~~I,~."ir ckls3 ~~Eii}Ãi?r 3ii3~4'JÃ ?1n~~e, I.`~' li?E~:t, but .~.1~= i~?~#t~tL?E
z~tua3'i:w= effect only i~ii?~i-:~I?t.t:~~2' p3. sti. A s~i3vrk~ ~`d3i3~`i~iii1L s7rfi:t.C; C:tEI, C:L1I1tiLi ~ water w#tbi an :.'.: EE. .! i as ss fla'i3:#.
5". ka `~ .. : fc t1 - .? 'iai1~3-~i41~'C,Li, \ 5~ s~5 ~^v `i~' "v.:~a:3 `~`~~ai. Gi4i~;,.a'~'liE3~~#.##1~: ~%~~~s:wt of ~'~;~.~s e ::=\ ~ ~'r`
~t.=..:~_3~I~:::a.i:~ i;:.(l ~., Ã', nt3iSFt:S .4trE ~;i~:?~ (that ~~a~~x~ pore d~sid..#?'.SC',~teJ's ~''t~~4C;+.~112`t~ and >'~#,~, t`a':~gt+ÃI'~):#?'?sr ia,.#':. to fl;i~:
e.l;.hu-gpd qu3 tt-icL '<k#'ei? ~-Y"u Ã.'l CZl,y J, l;hwt"li'ha.`,'n1.PixFot(_#bto<k-. r4, 148.:3 ?1-39, 2002) ;:IT:Id 20 s`~=i'o ~~(?.C ~ z st?LlcÃ1#rL Thus, exposure of ~'a~yt~'Ã3~~~tC?? r].,C~:
c,.# i~: l.i? ~.SY . ;~Y # ~x;:
_2 sf?a , L'' ; S (ti`.o:õ ~ ?'? nm, `~~?1str.~ii ) will 4'~i'iiS.;ak3 t~af`.
T~"';.cl.Ãf'.~'3 leJ back to st.f~~;$ `#~:%IP`~x~3a11~:4=.
'I .#.C Jo L#..t.4 Z?f UV ~i g 1'1~ 3 0 fo r Ãxl L.m à a.t iikg s t t',n à 10 =?C,ari :f~i. Ty, Cr`,,. >,f,c3.Ãi#'.lg 1. 6 C`.;:?
bG L`'`,..l fibers i'.~,:a;.~pled to high-power diode :e4:i`t'r5. T15, Albf'..i8 can bt., ~IttE.. ii7tn daff #.3sC.:~i':'s fhzat aflli;~v ..at:e~vayc, radlation. W}icii fiborS or pla>~ic rods or5hoGts>
are notchod Iikrt is = from ~ a = the Light o r ~\ ~~ <.~.}.a 25 ~ Ã~. "al~C.CC~c~Z ~ out :#li~. C~~,;3t3s.Ã#.. s1:'lE: C~a. I~"i~.
ITl4~t~`t'1al. Li~,.~.>,- m'c:il by Ii~;; fl.o nozcb depth e=I11e frequC`.i1cy, as ti"i#., di5'.:Ã::i..c~i:s3n;.
td1E'= ;#gi"2t Ww#i...t:i =
Ro a:.L3g .IÃ.F fiber :Ãis.L3e s.t'd<''i?Ã 10 u3i1 provide w:2#ftrri11 fflE.i:.~~:i.Yal:*.t3't?n in t3ll dli ecÃii..#n`.
Inkatt".ad z'.Fr\?Ã.ctl..ll:; tz#e fibc,:, a threaded notch can ~ie r;el.t.#"
`teLa Ã-ht?.. it:x1m#i}. S.\ al3 i}t>U<i.#<?ns i'`e"t:3i?w thL awE;d .o#" rotation. Fibers c%tÃ3~: be t.l:Ati-a-ned fr[tm, c:?. p ayMICIitr 30 (Yi ~kt ~'~_if ~=ti .i i) f.C?1'~). Skl#(.Mt ~#'~?~i?vr:~ ~:'f~:Gt gi.~~'a{a J~J'~,.Ic~a3`kS~;t:satf~t~3: ..}kl4 ~:::# r ~:im {34a e +Zr . ~i..~.`_?#..t Z)0;~~~ip-iii. #-o t.bC?'.3Ã 2rn.m in dIk:ir."x3:-Aer.
Ai S ~...ycLFSwd, pla4lti.s~.vÃ?t 10 #::t#:~.tC:d:~. ~'~ F }a ~'~z'Sif.~Fl"t~~?~'::il i~,<:.tl,,.X.., sE.~~~.:~oI,1i az~:~ ~~3Ãi#.~;:, ~. , `rw,., , w >3up -t'hy~.~rophal.c 'FiQ, in tl-iu t~cuk wiIi. t:FmTi:,z.3, coating M a,z=dr;)p`bfbic, .ix3 h[?vfc? <:L`, i-LfÃ`ÃaPy:?e d>csdI<::?lc to si.os"s (e.z;., in Fi-2c d3:ak. #.ix piE...i~~j:I3 siÃ'.Tit;F cu0.:Led. with I:#?}'d1'E}ph1l1c, c.g. Y =,oy, w,i:ho=~v...
.`~5 tE:Ini31iw i yia;i3A3ih41bÃ.c, Rt'.Y.`%isiF~ iioxi# s3.1p t..z.#ycl.Ã`dFphi~ie FC`hydt3A1}1GÃbx ~~ailbL
v <t:evoni.#~.=~a ¾ ` `.? t' Fw x r # ai~~~~ i? Y`l-ii~5-a C3, e}LFti (ÃIz:'Ã~IR_~.:-'~t) ~r i1 F:E~.t'FI~,~~'.. t,~~ ~" y~~ i.FF;:.
85Q 1 ):50rz.7,.69 2004, IIri o.iae eimbod:Ã-m;;nt,, a ta;S L''Ã" of LrÃ.gaÃ'1Ãt, diCSF.3pf.FdF.d., ~
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~~Ã`~1:#'3~3~?j..: ia,'t_> = b oF7:i115?
16 can E,nhaii4k. the \ 3pezhvd;d#phi3b3i.'.stato wid Jd.:bil ''y of co.afia.i,~t-~' 1 6. Ba,z.E.F_:: et co.ami#.t,trc. .=,`" 1066- 73}, 20~.~5. Coating FEl in 4'Ãn;~tfk.x tÃ3*2La~ t i~ {~= ~;., i~'z ~' 1 . , ..FÃ:; t7. ':ta }~y*o?hi i:::, e.g., supetbcrd:-caphÃliz_, by UV liL~ht ilaurt..natit,n, wi :~os;Ãroz?
?tcnt 10 caÃ`i inC3i.Ede (c.+t^.s., be'iF3%iF13.racttÃrL'i: #.i't3i7.) TlAtw1ll.3+,:-f7lsltc>.iuk, s':#i..h cii;
~:= itain;~~~ sOd (;, g. 3161.<. BioI)=~~wt, 1 N (l} I~ S S29108). and 304L
swinles:~ sweA. and a-i:
~ L ~~` z~Ãlt: ~ ~i- ~zz af3F1 y 'I%ding s %3~ 'ss steel iiTi~ ~~ 7~ '_~ 3;~fi 3~% weight Z~ eLF~~I 3i3.a ~
~: ted.3'. t. ~l{.< ~ÃT1~.Fx.>¾
z'x ~t; : iÃIc (:. , .., Pfi, iF, Au, YO Ã;)'ERM) a W<.::Ã-iW in à Sr2003-(3(): 8380-A
1.,I_:S 2002-v ; ~ ~, ~'~ r ,~~..
()1447,57-Az, w rs, ?~~is_~ t~~31~'~'0()- Al) ':tii~i~i~.31 Ã~Ã. ~FÃc.kG;-~t.,f~F.~i;:~~F? ~.ll~ ~y` ~ ..~ _~. ~~ll~~;~:~
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5.~.~~`: <Ã t ~~~sY~'..:.y, L605 a~:;l.?ys. .~:~A~`_a~N5 fiTana::~Frti, fiiats::E.t.n, <Jloss Ti--s.AI-4V T~~:-.'.2::`r 501e::, .-`S~ aOl?:? ~lad:.`3F.Ir.`a, pEc:il,iltl,l2i ra,~~^,i3is, n1ob11Ãrr.k nI;3b'a1:n'a" alloys CÃ?-?~~.'. d~:=az ~ ~....>.#ti:1~.;Ã-~~, ~.~xf~ liklla~~ ~lFÃ;3 ill 'l'~rS. _ t ~t`~.cI' ~.x~ ~:` >~ materials are tx f ettwF.~3.~re " ;F
~. ~~: ~F~'3 ~~y a}~ F1:~ .~, co" 1mif'1ic i.F C giid Aa pl..4:kf Fi,)T3: Vk 10071891ji1C`.t. September 2{3t 20C.B c3F'Ãd , U.S. Application Nc.}. 1::035, 3M filed hina_imy 3, 20:#5. Other nn...teFFa>>
include dilast;..
bi+.i4o}.2iFJ<4.t,bX.c meal .SiSc-:i3lJs -a sWp4*}.Vlas~vic- or pslr.WLYo-4'^lt.F3tÃZ-.. ÃA%Z.^L4Ci altoy?as&.Tc1ibv1.d.
25 ,;~ Sc1 ~.a~sky, L, N-I:,Donald, >>Sh4Fliw '4'Iunory Alloys", Encyclopedia of CltcEi3icai ? . ~` Yft~ I~a i7 M{~ . ''a~.a~ '~:. . ' k~'.~~ r .~z`., r , c~:Ãit ~
~Ãx*:~t::1~:F~F-f3Ã. J S ._~14.# Z',~, .~L ~~.'".1 ~~~+ ~ ,~~L" ='4` & ~ it~
~Z~~, ~"~~~. ~,~. S.t:Ãi`s ~i~`~Ã.iIy }~e A
iiiss:i~~.~3!i:~. 5 ..~~~~fFG.3tF~": `i~c~3~ R,~,"4`~; ~~+,8 filoC~ January F?, 2ii03<
3.Ir sonic eÃ#':b't?dFT.73elais, TtIi3.t'.niilS Rof' illi3f]Lslact,=Ã.ÃÃ 32?
4:::a]i 10 #Ã,a::?Far`so t. I.~:C: or Ã'?7oÃ`Ã.:
in3mz~Ai;lh Ã3u:>:,.Ãxhancd.: visibility byNNIRL l_.xaYnp1cc s. t NIR.: MaÃe?
Ãal4 Ã.:icludo non-60 fiCiI'ou'B rit.,.<1E4 (i.'..g.., '...~ppe", JilvÃ'r. pB:FtI.Ã`ÃuFa3, or gE?lt? ud Ã.:f?F3 ti;i'rL?w, coF3i:iF.F-:ii2;.rj Si3Pd.paf'amFli.f:TÃ:t:tic di~.-mens (d~.!.?., d4qb)i.'C3,,lum or gadoliÃiii:Etn)s.1c}? as i~ii*11. w l!_)l?it7213Ã?2. Al ;';=~"^ei 4;tt%t;`lt` ti, ~^~I ildi,t t`i)71~?llr ~ ~r;= r 10 ,,..r.,Ã;. L
%t3nÃ:3ih,.dS ~~ ,?t'. or Y?: F : ~ ~`-xs s3~.~"a ~ 2 ali~, t~ low ?Iii3~,. t :ry3.~EIG sEa <.sC.~;?f`r:~l:~`~tlt~c > :i:? r,'i~ e,;
~ Ã'i:= .~'liLa~:act1~.~~.. # .ilgpict:.+'.~
suSci*.i~~.~.?~-4' C~t%ri:tc~.4, which t't~ari~i.a~ t~.2~#i~. S}#.~;:y c.~iii~.it4rl C'+:~~:.~b~+'t~~ ;i~~t~r.~.ia.:::. of Si.t7 cai.t}v`.~ E~ ii:~.L~3~oa 1t.#.x'~~#t~ ~~ .~.~R.'. 4tf'.~Ã1t. ~..c~Z'~?
~3t~g$2v~~'L` .`~.`~O..L~~~3?~'i.#ry Ã:;c#fZ.n:i~lt Ã~t.::t}i~v 6 thos;~~d.<.S.:il ie:., cd":i.)'v4, stit:h as WIt'sll:::i417, p::13:{7ifA3, tÃns?1uÃ1I Ã.,:oi:*it.I.en..--:?t`.''p~'3 , a..tA ar3oys , :.~ieIit ,k? can b:'. o~~~a dws:ri d shape a,. .d, Si.`1:C' (c t' coronary s.''~d3.5. .',t?, :rc sft'Ã1t,':
peripheral :'<.{:~iS.:t.ÃEitr `"ti::'#ts" t.s`¾.~(..'s"1t~ i~'~~,~t1l ~.~s~:f:=ii~.` l`>c :i:ti.l~r`i t Y r" 3tw~:~'k.~s`
, . ~.. ~ < Lix'~i* w ~ r , t~~C;~ ~?::~.Ã"3~`.L~~,,.~3Z ; }, Depi:'ia(+ng on thi~'~ aprt?kl#;::'at?b3Ã y~ei]t 10 cit:ihave a dÃirmõ3'.t:;+'t?r g;, abci:: I I11:3';
Fio, al:so?..1~ 46 mm l.-t Le'wi`e3 e7$lE3{3d1.u?:.;...tj., . coronary s'#c;:]t '5..an ha:l`a e an E'~pitndQs.~z~
Lal.mete` of :`"3 Zi abi`tit 2 imll 1i.3 about 6 ?"n-f, It? :i'l?:3ae Gmb,IdÃz??`~v'nts., si ph, .pl:i>w. J``.~ 'zt can have t#n expthd'V`+a d`ziu7?c:tt:-r of from about :' .T?I?' to about 24 n?;.1. ai1 iLi;rtaiÃ:
a .
Tc.k:A. 5~#:i.~~t?st1 i~ca:~ c'II?Si/ t3T' ?,.3~`~,+.~t?~y Wt~~#.?t EJz.:
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4 4'. . . . . . . . .
~.. . . about ::3 nmm~ tCS i.l-)t;?.t 30 3lita`i, IÃrt soTIz..c i'I2bt?(ail`IC.',r.fs, a Ãii:uf"i?lm~T' !~te.ft %t?f3 hta2's:_ . ain, c ~~~c?t'<~:i,~e i=1s.3~~,~..~i:of ArZIt~ about I ;.722:]~I to about .1 y :Ik3.~?~, ; `i Q~ C.b .~ ~ n~~. 2` ~L.) ?#.~ Y t~~
~ . : . ~#kt..iia ~ ~..>.
(AJ.J.A) .,tWnt[3.?d 3.i7hoAa-4']c C#orC34 S<334u1 k~Yti {,TAA) s}emt: can iaim,e a diameter i\wm about b:O nsan to about 46 mm. SteÃ:`t.. 10 k:aÃ: bc b.`..tilt?f?D i`.,a.paÃ.dtM#. , :t`L'.:` l.'5.m'tn2..ab.(:~, or a c0M:1i.ni3ttf3n of bo#:}i U.S. Patent No, 5K,.>66,504).
Sts i7.t ; t; ck:'. a?z,ludca aoletasE?bIe boÃ?1alcev1~. t,g., a t.#t;rape _,m: ageÃtt, &'iig, f?r a ='_S} .titi4'f,'', o+:)mpoutld., such c,E.'.~ desL,Ilbt'.Sl .3 P<1tC:lt Ntx. 5,6?`4., ? ? ~~_ U.S.
AppsÃcai..>: No. ts9~~~~955,415, fileo, July 2, 2001. aind T_ .;;.
:kp~~~ca:t#on 'No. 10; 2-?2,265_ fil,`'.fs A`xtf'aist _?#:, 2002. The thtrÃ"'sl~"+~k..~tEC: s geIl$:~, drugs, i#' p}3c$#7a'r.Ãci.tit?a.'ci1.` Z active i:om,`t?tl?d., can f:'~ludL fo C:xa.3pl<s anti-proliferative i,z `i:'z`ts, t,~¾l:s:'4~~~:.3~ , z?,t. ,2n'lla-?'"?lattirZ' i:lgeIl e:s, 1mmuli~..3s'uppis..s'5.'4e LE3.xq3i3't,TdS, a.3t.:st:'1el3i;
iy t.~#ii^S..i ~r a 'i.s t?f;~., o.~ .= ~'ti.r~t?l~a,r...lAnl~a ;~ ..1 t Ga~.1;:1.:
2 i Fg'~.i It~.3. and ~~a~t1Jii5~r H ir ~J~+.:;~I~ i:Ai~T~~f~~~~ ?1 ~~Ãt.
in.2..I..axel, pz..ml.i-nus and &..anieÃhasone, A . .3.#:i#:il3t',3' i?f .'.i=.bE3d1nnÃ7Ãits l1:<'l%.o been m:It'.scr1bE,d.
NLveifl"#3:;,:css. :t ~~ i;3.l be understood d'i%1t various i-notilficiati.5'3s 3a23:3y C9`' 1-mE:c w[t~i:io'Ã.It depazt,ng i_rt.?_3> 'Lho sp`.'ÃLaf~ad sctkps' of .hL' : 3..C;< sirc. AGcE?idÃF12 ] othci' z3'i' 3"vf h;]
thwSc2?po of fhe a I. 61low?,i3g u' a d:;s.
~ ~~
~~~' ~.aZ}1S: .-r\
. l.~.i4e~~ l ~ the ~i~~~~.i.~ ~.3. ~'}~i.. ~.~3\. V .
Boston SC.F+..l.?.?i,+>= .3c:Ã{ 1S,.E>, Map3.eGÃZ.ve...N'3.N . Stent ;.i, k`,fl'i:2Ãing naor\ :3.``s.in one type E?i`i~
'LlÃomolEcEa.c, Z cY ,bim11Ef:FoC.uloti 17 and 18 df,:hvS. .F .~,i,' a7F
3TaIkÃie"6=u.ii.'.:i tt` i,g., e3 bi t;E:
a ~=
~' : SCr'a BÃt.Y:n`v.. "`~v cu. l`:~t 5 7 &nia i 18 E;isx3 ti'~r~.+xLõ~~
t'iE,F-" E3s S:=el~.J of ~.~,.i C.' blood )E.=sy ~ ~v . . . . . . ~.
C, v { g ~.=v~~.i Y~
:%.ad#~~.~#.L:z~...3:t ~;x,`:i 3~~.'ioE~:3.i .x1Ã.~st%ie t~L=ls:h.
As U`scussC'd. coating 14,`t of qzvnt 1. 0 ei3an Int;lt:dz<T 3,O,,., ImE.fE,:".::Ebay >:tÃIniu::E3.
E3i.F? w;iic. T;.ti->;l;lÃF:.: dioxide, also ki>owÃ3 am fitE3nf.Ã.Ã::23. ~IVj E?xido or t>tama I;C the Ã:at`:a.F<3.lE:y EfcE;i.3rfià #? E+xiiao of tItE1ni :$32, s~l1~~I~33~.:1l f1~1ul~à Ti~~=.=. ~
33\.>v..,F:', ~ ÃI~. a lEAtl'i.l ; a- r:.z ,.~ f f\~F~F~..ti ~t Z . Ã w I ~ ~~I~ i .~;
zLi~Fli'., i1F7c :,b ~i31'ESi.~~i:FtU;. tzixiF3aÃÃ.Ã~?1 dioxide (B) (~ll(33`iS~: Fl~ii ~, Ã..4F ~FIFI~ ~FE#.ti;S#.~~ ~a3~ and tÃian:uiÃ.. dfiok::dio (H). Cup {'# a:%i,, P3'(3g. Sa.?Id Stxuf.' 1,-J,x.c'n2.
3 . 33- 1.77. 2004.
a:ixuÃ.3n4,, .a:.:, kmmi to bc, bsood ctf,Iipa:Olo. Nza.iÃ''.;.~ a ut., Boston swii'.E1tEfw c<?rpwatÃon izEto.;]s3l report, 2001 Ts-y:gi1FlfSa' C:< GIl:, Su,f;flr..'f?[<i. Te[=f..
200:104 1-4-41L 2i)05. 1-l%oc;d-;>.s37t1E3at.bic s:3; it.3nc%s show E`?:]lY' ÃI7.tIio;:' UldLÃct:o}'t s:if blood &M >i3ÃÃ?#at#i3F2 T>O2 f.t both ~'Ee.IEa ia;1t i1~ 1~s3~E= phÃF?es shows low platelet ililhEh7.E1Ã:.
.+Si top suif.a\e of i-1Ã~Ã~3~i ~~~ilii`+F ~~. . at 1Ã1 fC323 E~ti1 ~3~~t; <3f e's~}E~3.St }EFEF to aF.~?i~s t 5%) +~~L~.,=:_'.<:õ=:.`~~
pd..~1millL;=tadhos%#.Ji tE? TsO? MRFÃi.>tjd'il.:~.
Ms,3~;3}iolf3gS mysial structure and doping <ff'I'i,O, coaaT.Ã>:~: 16 are so:t7w irluui7.on,5 that fiti'.fi.ia to be tcF\4ii :Enti> av'i .omit whe$:t 1T3ak:iIg i1.iid using SÃ.+..'Ã1t 10, . %0, v>?mung 16 of s?ep,; 10 can bea cm Aal (amitas~.~ ~)r i-i.tt~lc cti~u:cÃuÃe). Crv~'Ã-ul s":uc'Wr; ;s pl.o:u.acÃive.
c2 y"Aal 'q2LvT...t\4r4' also has L~14/~.fJ.~..i~3.P or w1.~1<ghF.~
',V 13iLjt.dtAG1.4it4at4~} [y,L*,'twci~?~.2a~.\S s"~'_t}{~4x~:' : of . .. A . , with ~ ~.sÃZT~~`~~3l.'~~[Ã.zi;i I? and 18, that can i~a~ placed on ~.Ã7ri.f':IT,~;
16 411Cx.~.~.` a:3Ã' Ãti a:E~II .'i.i~3~.Ã'~t:?~"Ã b~`t~~.:
pt3 't i-n<:Ã'S .u, &i1E Ã?Ãhe. bii?13.1~yl%oulc~. Ct?al3:i'3.zg 16 cE?f3 also be c3i'?ti'_3"p;loli" ;Na;: ; ppLla."#amv : ~.`al., ~'ta.. ?a?>?à bstt}.4.~~`r 98r 2006;t or be. a tomb11.aboÃ"r, of one or .".3~ort', of -dw phzls1;s: s.3.1F:$'t?ise; ,..3:fle, b.".'i7i'kÃ:Ã:, fS.I#3oI"pho.fs, anC}llochà lc;.; :Ex`.dv::('-:C) I , I
vmf "OÃ' E3Ã ; :FBrn ( v) t.3?iw<
ii: Ildsiead of ;a:ie31g puaCr 1%03 ib f:<3c dr1`?? phf35pl1o.tl.T."3 L.ia bo. eFnbF'Adt.d i'l a iow pi.'=rz.i.'ng...g4 about 0.5 to about ? ./ii ) 1:1iF5 Iil`+' 5l0 =l:tyt':
(0..g" t.Ã.~ÃFhÃ' rr.a3sT]>i:1 mri7a1ez;Ãis:x process) to increase blood ::+:.)11aI3;.1fibI.l]ty of the coating. M`sdtz . t ,a.f.
J.: oth('.r 01.3` .bax_filmvlts., t;<3atlla~ 16 can be a f:f.:nibÃn:i:Ãt?.:
offa,O: and "t?xiL 0:5.); or a, C:om.7:nat.fu111 of TÃ,Or. and O-xÃ(ie (R1:3V
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L can dtinaSE :::iF' pJÃe:l>ÃÃi1 Ez?~~ t.Ãfrl`=
onggoing, in izli cc~~~is, surrounding stL"Itt IL+ iÃa 1h~.' boily, because I17:4c ci5fa3p.runds can J.atalyzc b..L...,kd1own.1~f by"w=~:roducy Cri`stre4:55,.?rii.CC11.`..
:t? ~ l~~ 4: coating 16 ti;c3~i1 ~~,G: doped, e.g., ., ~3 ttil.E~'t~ ` ~TE ;.
Z ,al l3~.xT~1 (C).. nitrogen (N), bi83iAÃ.lth. (B1). S'iln~'.~`d?t7.Ã2 (V) or their coÃ?7bÃIsaf,ali. Fs'. tI o?;.IT.fy t'.3"ah_:ince;;
20 TÃl().: cL?,,`,,vwr-sio;.# i-.~te of phiStE?:ÃS.1L`s.3L,ed hydi'.:+ph l Ciiy' and 3"eCt:.1cG;`e .he ?'a'ts o.tt`d;:.t7F :'e#':Ãi:`n fIZ`m, il-.dÃa?w3:a$..C: to i: j'Ã:sophob:C: Sti3te. Yu t.'i i:I+.., C
~:.~'rrrd it?h}.'s. 9:3: 19i9 ^ F.i:). .~`'.~i~
:?Ã3i /4??` V-doping {aoCir<?a::c ti1C', water oi.lnii:14t angle, wh zlS: Bl-V
(aIFE`:1ng c3.i3. cÃ,.}ÃaF'.'`.d;:<`.=
31..ÃÃt..v'wluÃ.tui: i3f a low i'vÃ:iter con'tslut .:4a"`..(21i u31dcI' dark cC`.I7d:tÃ.oÃ;.s> Hon;` i r i.l- r`t.fcf;:
60. 1296-1305 ~?'0t`r6. C--d43ping bas also becii reported to influctiLaz hydrophilic ptÃspcri;c;
25 oa Y Y<.~.r;i. aa e.` 't Gd/r .T<F}'~f So f?d FiNS 5 10....:, i" -. 2 006.
A~
xÃ..#~t.1~~:~r e~t~, techniques ~Ã~3 ~'Js:, tis~:i3 to deposit .1;~,.~'v t:[.}ut1Ã"k; 16 :k>: 4Ãem 10, in..`.udi,3g ;ol-~.;cl routes and cut~~~~le eiectÃ~~~eposition.
Karupp::hm~~~~~~ ~ le al., .St}he< Ss:z,:.=
.E511-1t3-2v , ~ ~... .y ~i^ .'_.;: ' 'UiA3pLlk~...a '~~ rf. .t'~~7. ~. C#
r.E::~'.. P F ..;Frf ,~., ''~ .,:i ~+ ~ 1 ..',~', r}~'~.~ir~' <"~I:.'~` c t ?+ t'f.
Hi.Itt13r'3 'i r?3'õ z t 1:#;"f''$:d>:.. 11 54>~~ 215, .'t9W NlGtiÃ.?`
df.'pos,Si3.-i tec~~'x: .iqI:ÃFws .a....Ãf:e. a: h:gb-ng step (e.g:7 heating to about 400 C: ~ t#.3 tfsrFl dc'.-pos.a let$ ii}i"#e 1.11t(?
~¾ such a ~ xgh^tL'.'u:p4Ã`iitId.C'o step 1,,~- #.:Ã1t.es2riiblo (S;= g if the :?Eo:~At ai.l'L'ad'y l:_h has a coa{ir,,g of .h<:rincf-sens~~ive ~lennenÃs". 'Sut:h as ce~ta;n po;;
mwwy.
~ysÃ[`.#2'~~ (MEMs), or ~~?i?i7i(?~~ L# Eay~a i7axL?'C72i`:~~ ~= cA..~~SÃC`+1 f,cpoS,t1L3.a i,f +a 3,O=,;s :3n i'se' used. 'Lf g},l G1 t.L , .',ks{t}qt'Tiu:r . ~{ :89 .# 96, 2001, Gfts;`eI MI~~.`hQI
[:'r tr.>Yc~. ~c7.'.~, x~ ~.:l~i: L ~ 2t35.lir4'" , \ ~, .~l.kt~+~,!. F.>r g ~
~)a ~R z"= ,.` , .
, .t.}' iG ..2':vf:~~Aõ~5~: t~.
S ~.~c~~iS:i,.~:i(~ 3, :?.::~#.~,a.s:; ~4r.tF~ii:l#;`+ :1~'`' SYntht::s71:etj directly in s..#;P,,.ns:o3: ~Us13"ig .`. ?`a?:croi't <3i:=
reactor and `a~'~.?.c .3i1Ãtzclw-S (of ,ibowt 70lem t!i diameter) a1'e dqpt)Sttet:3 by a dipc.?w p#>_?i,ar.;is ar;. rZ?wn c z> r=> >=s5;,~3-~~1#,.h~.. a; i.s Z"a+ xf. ~;~~~.E?'l =li::3: r b:~??1 ~~ kd`,~3C? method ~.Ã`~;'~:s~Ãs~~ll .~ another a'~~iv,~?i,:'a :3 at avo#d1..}i4T~.: .-1a ~'.a.::~i`r#.~d.~:t~i~~~ ##~.'.1~~#:~"l~~
E~c~?d?>`a~taS3i1. #~~~l.E)..~=ii;3 4ad...:'i.$}; k.~.3rij 246. 7'~716 2005 . . -~ t o ~ ~ s.., ~ {\ will .:~:a:e(.~ 7 .~~' ~.1h`s::rz ;s ii.\i:~t,t> t2il! bo~=ke. z ~=x=la.i4~-~~lij~i'd TiC'l. {~-, coating ,~
yr?.'~ .t? k e= Y~3Z i ~ ~~
A3~ .
~~ =t. . . ~ r' a c a rt:~~3i:;~=~,: ~~ . in E~~i Yu <_ t<,.i., ~~,:~rÃ?p~?
~.~~.a::3;= f?l c.1# YÃ~i~5 '`~-x~~ >_.,~~,Ãi . '~-ar, .rr:
known f.i> Sw.::.ca: 'f?4om hE'ElvY#pE.i{)bic a4' tiuperbVdri}a:'}inieai\, we1S.'.r#. Qxq?o Jl i.ii EaYÃt".i:#.-vÃf?l::i. (U W) T}lis cf1L:Ct exists not +.?l.13y 1#i $he c#31:~ta~l-n:~ru#;1.o p:1ascs (Y;., c':t i.d.), it fiÃi~r3 Q~~ (7~, ~; i f tE'3`3a# also .>: 4' ; r~ ~'a'. #- #~ (,` 3.~ ~ ;~?l:s at' ~`i,4 fi(? , -"
,?3~ p#Li - :~di<~#aZy c'i c:itk # : .~.. 't~: `Y^'7~ .t,#}~`3). ~~~I,~."ir ckls3 ~~Eii}Ãi?r 3ii3~4'JÃ ?1n~~e, I.`~' li?E~:t, but .~.1~= i~?~#t~tL?E
z~tua3'i:w= effect only i~ii?~i-:~I?t.t:~~2' p3. sti. A s~i3vrk~ ~`d3i3~`i~iii1L s7rfi:t.C; C:tEI, C:L1I1tiLi ~ water w#tbi an :.'.: EE. .! i as ss fla'i3:#.
5". ka `~ .. : fc t1 - .? 'iai1~3-~i41~'C,Li, \ 5~ s~5 ~^v `i~' "v.:~a:3 `~`~~ai. Gi4i~;,.a'~'liE3~~#.##1~: ~%~~~s:wt of ~'~;~.~s e ::=\ ~ ~'r`
~t.=..:~_3~I~:::a.i:~ i;:.(l ~., Ã', nt3iSFt:S .4trE ~;i~:?~ (that ~~a~~x~ pore d~sid..#?'.SC',~teJ's ~''t~~4C;+.~112`t~ and >'~#,~, t`a':~gt+ÃI'~):#?'?sr ia,.#':. to fl;i~:
e.l;.hu-gpd qu3 tt-icL '<k#'ei? ~-Y"u Ã.'l CZl,y J, l;hwt"li'ha.`,'n1.PixFot(_#bto<k-. r4, 148.:3 ?1-39, 2002) ;:IT:Id 20 s`~=i'o ~~(?.C ~ z st?LlcÃ1#rL Thus, exposure of ~'a~yt~'Ã3~~~tC?? r].,C~:
c,.# i~: l.i? ~.SY . ;~Y # ~x;:
_2 sf?a , L'' ; S (ti`.o:õ ~ ?'? nm, `~~?1str.~ii ) will 4'~i'iiS.;ak3 t~af`.
T~"';.cl.Ãf'.~'3 leJ back to st.f~~;$ `#~:%IP`~x~3a11~:4=.
'I .#.C Jo L#..t.4 Z?f UV ~i g 1'1~ 3 0 fo r Ãxl L.m à a.t iikg s t t',n à 10 =?C,ari :f~i. Ty, Cr`,,. >,f,c3.Ãi#'.lg 1. 6 C`.;:?
bG L`'`,..l fibers i'.~,:a;.~pled to high-power diode :e4:i`t'r5. T15, Albf'..i8 can bt., ~IttE.. ii7tn daff #.3sC.:~i':'s fhzat aflli;~v ..at:e~vayc, radlation. W}icii fiborS or pla>~ic rods or5hoGts>
are notchod Iikrt is = from ~ a = the Light o r ~\ ~~ <.~.}.a 25 ~ Ã~. "al~C.CC~c~Z ~ out :#li~. C~~,;3t3s.Ã#.. s1:'lE: C~a. I~"i~.
ITl4~t~`t'1al. Li~,.~.>,- m'c:il by Ii~;; fl.o nozcb depth e=I11e frequC`.i1cy, as ti"i#., di5'.:Ã::i..c~i:s3n;.
td1E'= ;#gi"2t Ww#i...t:i =
Ro a:.L3g .IÃ.F fiber :Ãis.L3e s.t'd<''i?Ã 10 u3i1 provide w:2#ftrri11 fflE.i:.~~:i.Yal:*.t3't?n in t3ll dli ecÃii..#n`.
Inkatt".ad z'.Fr\?Ã.ctl..ll:; tz#e fibc,:, a threaded notch can ~ie r;el.t.#"
`teLa Ã-ht?.. it:x1m#i}. S.\ al3 i}t>U<i.#<?ns i'`e"t:3i?w thL awE;d .o#" rotation. Fibers c%tÃ3~: be t.l:Ati-a-ned fr[tm, c:?. p ayMICIitr 30 (Yi ~kt ~'~_if ~=ti .i i) f.C?1'~). Skl#(.Mt ~#'~?~i?vr:~ ~:'f~:Gt gi.~~'a{a J~J'~,.Ic~a3`kS~;t:satf~t~3: ..}kl4 ~:::# r ~:im {34a e +Zr . ~i..~.`_?#..t Z)0;~~~ip-iii. #-o t.bC?'.3Ã 2rn.m in dIk:ir."x3:-Aer.
Ai S ~...ycLFSwd, pla4lti.s~.vÃ?t 10 #::t#:~.tC:d:~. ~'~ F }a ~'~z'Sif.~Fl"t~~?~'::il i~,<:.tl,,.X.., sE.~~~.:~oI,1i az~:~ ~~3Ãi#.~;:, ~. , `rw,., , w >3up -t'hy~.~rophal.c 'FiQ, in tl-iu t~cuk wiIi. t:FmTi:,z.3, coating M a,z=dr;)p`bfbic, .ix3 h[?vfc? <:L`, i-LfÃ`ÃaPy:?e d>csdI<::?lc to si.os"s (e.z;., in Fi-2c d3:ak. #.ix piE...i~~j:I3 siÃ'.Tit;F cu0.:Led. with I:#?}'d1'E}ph1l1c, c.g. Y =,oy, w,i:ho=~v...
.`~5 tE:Ini31iw i yia;i3A3ih41bÃ.c, Rt'.Y.`%isiF~ iioxi# s3.1p t..z.#ycl.Ã`dFphi~ie FC`hydt3A1}1GÃbx ~~ailbL
v <t:evoni.#~.=~a ¾ ` `.? t' Fw x r # ai~~~~ i? Y`l-ii~5-a C3, e}LFti (ÃIz:'Ã~IR_~.:-'~t) ~r i1 F:E~.t'FI~,~~'.. t,~~ ~" y~~ i.FF;:.
85Q 1 ):50rz.7,.69 2004, IIri o.iae eimbod:Ã-m;;nt,, a ta;S L''Ã" of LrÃ.gaÃ'1Ãt, diCSF.3pf.FdF.d., ~
,.?ak4 l, siliFn@,<ÃrZ'l 3-i-FanC:~
x 1 and'C?iflF.#vt"Ã5dl\~ I --#.a .:t'., ci3n dL .
~?f3s;tc~ < R'ia i f~k ~','i `~A +~Z~..~~' . ,1. \f4iw2 a '~ ! E t~ f ( 4 ~. _~ 7 y ~
~D i.i~.yC._' of ~~~..:3isi...~y'~u7EC1#~v C#:Ã
~?ti.~.~La?.~~,'~='l~~~fd,Y',a'~)}rZ?1T~.FZ: tFf.'Ãd~. over ~,"~.1.
~~Ã`~1:#'3~3~?j..: ia,'t_> = b oF7:i115?
16 can E,nhaii4k. the \ 3pezhvd;d#phi3b3i.'.stato wid Jd.:bil ''y of co.afia.i,~t-~' 1 6. Ba,z.E.F_:: et co.ami#.t,trc. .=,`" 1066- 73}, 20~.~5. Coating FEl in 4'Ãn;~tfk.x tÃ3*2La~ t i~ {~= ~;., i~'z ~' 1 . , ..FÃ:; t7. ':ta }~y*o?hi i:::, e.g., supetbcrd:-caphÃliz_, by UV liL~ht ilaurt..natit,n, wi :~os;Ãroz?
?tcnt 10 caÃ`i inC3i.Ede (c.+t^.s., be'iF3%iF13.racttÃrL'i: #.i't3i7.) TlAtw1ll.3+,:-f7lsltc>.iuk, s':#i..h cii;
~:= itain;~~~ sOd (;, g. 3161.<. BioI)=~~wt, 1 N (l} I~ S S29108). and 304L
swinles:~ sweA. and a-i:
~ L ~~` z~Ãlt: ~ ~i- ~zz af3F1 y 'I%ding s %3~ 'ss steel iiTi~ ~~ 7~ '_~ 3;~fi 3~% weight Z~ eLF~~I 3i3.a ~
~: ted.3'. t. ~l{.< ~ÃT1~.Fx.>¾
z'x ~t; : iÃIc (:. , .., Pfi, iF, Au, YO Ã;)'ERM) a W<.::Ã-iW in à Sr2003-(3(): 8380-A
1.,I_:S 2002-v ; ~ ~, ~'~ r ,~~..
()1447,57-Az, w rs, ?~~is_~ t~~31~'~'0()- Al) ':tii~i~i~.31 Ã~Ã. ~FÃc.kG;-~t.,f~F.~i;:~~F? ~.ll~ ~y` ~ ..~ _~. ~~ll~~;~:~
~
5.~.~~`: <Ã t ~~~sY~'..:.y, L605 a~:;l.?ys. .~:~A~`_a~N5 fiTana::~Frti, fiiats::E.t.n, <Jloss Ti--s.AI-4V T~~:-.'.2::`r 501e::, .-`S~ aOl?:? ~lad:.`3F.Ir.`a, pEc:il,iltl,l2i ra,~~^,i3is, n1ob11Ãrr.k nI;3b'a1:n'a" alloys CÃ?-?~~.'. d~:=az ~ ~....>.#ti:1~.;Ã-~~, ~.~xf~ liklla~~ ~lFÃ;3 ill 'l'~rS. _ t ~t`~.cI' ~.x~ ~:` >~ materials are tx f ettwF.~3.~re " ;F
~. ~~: ~F~'3 ~~y a}~ F1:~ .~, co" 1mif'1ic i.F C giid Aa pl..4:kf Fi,)T3: Vk 10071891ji1C`.t. September 2{3t 20C.B c3F'Ãd , U.S. Application Nc.}. 1::035, 3M filed hina_imy 3, 20:#5. Other nn...teFFa>>
include dilast;..
bi+.i4o}.2iFJ<4.t,bX.c meal .SiSc-:i3lJs -a sWp4*}.Vlas~vic- or pslr.WLYo-4'^lt.F3tÃZ-.. ÃA%Z.^L4Ci altoy?as&.Tc1ibv1.d.
25 ,;~ Sc1 ~.a~sky, L, N-I:,Donald, >>Sh4Fliw '4'Iunory Alloys", Encyclopedia of CltcEi3icai ? . ~` Yft~ I~a i7 M{~ . ''a~.a~ '~:. . ' k~'.~~ r .~z`., r , c~:Ãit ~
~Ãx*:~t::1~:F~F-f3Ã. J S ._~14.# Z',~, .~L ~~.'".1 ~~~+ ~ ,~~L" ='4` & ~ it~
~Z~~, ~"~~~. ~,~. S.t:Ãi`s ~i~`~Ã.iIy }~e A
iiiss:i~~.~3!i:~. 5 ..~~~~fFG.3tF~": `i~c~3~ R,~,"4`~; ~~+,8 filoC~ January F?, 2ii03<
3.Ir sonic eÃ#':b't?dFT.73elais, TtIi3.t'.niilS Rof' illi3f]Lslact,=Ã.ÃÃ 32?
4:::a]i 10 #Ã,a::?Far`so t. I.~:C: or Ã'?7oÃ`Ã.:
in3mz~Ai;lh Ã3u:>:,.Ãxhancd.: visibility byNNIRL l_.xaYnp1cc s. t NIR.: MaÃe?
Ãal4 Ã.:icludo non-60 fiCiI'ou'B rit.,.<1E4 (i.'..g.., '...~ppe", JilvÃ'r. pB:FtI.Ã`ÃuFa3, or gE?lt? ud Ã.:f?F3 ti;i'rL?w, coF3i:iF.F-:ii2;.rj Si3Pd.paf'amFli.f:TÃ:t:tic di~.-mens (d~.!.?., d4qb)i.'C3,,lum or gadoliÃiii:Etn)s.1c}? as i~ii*11. w l!_)l?it7213Ã?2. Al ;';=~"^ei 4;tt%t;`lt` ti, ~^~I ildi,t t`i)71~?llr ~ ~r;= r 10 ,,..r.,Ã;. L
%t3nÃ:3ih,.dS ~~ ,?t'. or Y?: F : ~ ~`-xs s3~.~"a ~ 2 ali~, t~ low ?Iii3~,. t :ry3.~EIG sEa <.sC.~;?f`r:~l:~`~tlt~c > :i:? r,'i~ e,;
~ Ã'i:= .~'liLa~:act1~.~~.. # .ilgpict:.+'.~
suSci*.i~~.~.?~-4' C~t%ri:tc~.4, which t't~ari~i.a~ t~.2~#i~. S}#.~;:y c.~iii~.it4rl C'+:~~:.~b~+'t~~ ;i~~t~r.~.ia.:::. of Si.t7 cai.t}v`.~ E~ ii:~.L~3~oa 1t.#.x'~~#t~ ~~ .~.~R.'. 4tf'.~Ã1t. ~..c~Z'~?
~3t~g$2v~~'L` .`~.`~O..L~~~3?~'i.#ry Ã:;c#fZ.n:i~lt Ã~t.::t}i~v 6 thos;~~d.<.S.:il ie:., cd":i.)'v4, stit:h as WIt'sll:::i417, p::13:{7ifA3, tÃns?1uÃ1I Ã.,:oi:*it.I.en..--:?t`.''p~'3 , a..tA ar3oys , :.~ieIit ,k? can b:'. o~~~a dws:ri d shape a,. .d, Si.`1:C' (c t' coronary s.''~d3.5. .',t?, :rc sft'Ã1t,':
peripheral :'<.{:~iS.:t.ÃEitr `"ti::'#ts" t.s`¾.~(..'s"1t~ i~'~~,~t1l ~.~s~:f:=ii~.` l`>c :i:ti.l~r`i t Y r" 3tw~:~'k.~s`
, . ~.. ~ < Lix'~i* w ~ r , t~~C;~ ~?::~.Ã"3~`.L~~,,.~3Z ; }, Depi:'ia(+ng on thi~'~ aprt?kl#;::'at?b3Ã y~ei]t 10 cit:ihave a dÃirmõ3'.t:;+'t?r g;, abci:: I I11:3';
Fio, al:so?..1~ 46 mm l.-t Le'wi`e3 e7$lE3{3d1.u?:.;...tj., . coronary s'#c;:]t '5..an ha:l`a e an E'~pitndQs.~z~
Lal.mete` of :`"3 Zi abi`tit 2 imll 1i.3 about 6 ?"n-f, It? :i'l?:3ae Gmb,IdÃz??`~v'nts., si ph, .pl:i>w. J``.~ 'zt can have t#n expthd'V`+a d`ziu7?c:tt:-r of from about :' .T?I?' to about 24 n?;.1. ai1 iLi;rtaiÃ:
a .
Tc.k:A. 5~#:i.~~t?st1 i~ca:~ c'II?Si/ t3T' ?,.3~`~,+.~t?~y Wt~~#.?t EJz.:
,~:l::e.
~r an i.. ZA~ `S'c-~-:~.~.'3 +:+:~`
4 4'. . . . . . . . .
~.. . . about ::3 nmm~ tCS i.l-)t;?.t 30 3lita`i, IÃrt soTIz..c i'I2bt?(ail`IC.',r.fs, a Ãii:uf"i?lm~T' !~te.ft %t?f3 hta2's:_ . ain, c ~~~c?t'<~:i,~e i=1s.3~~,~..~i:of ArZIt~ about I ;.722:]~I to about .1 y :Ik3.~?~, ; `i Q~ C.b .~ ~ n~~. 2` ~L.) ?#.~ Y t~~
~ . : . ~#kt..iia ~ ~..>.
(AJ.J.A) .,tWnt[3.?d 3.i7hoAa-4']c C#orC34 S<334u1 k~Yti {,TAA) s}emt: can iaim,e a diameter i\wm about b:O nsan to about 46 mm. SteÃ:`t.. 10 k:aÃ: bc b.`..tilt?f?D i`.,a.paÃ.dtM#. , :t`L'.:` l.'5.m'tn2..ab.(:~, or a c0M:1i.ni3ttf3n of bo#:}i U.S. Patent No, 5K,.>66,504).
Sts i7.t ; t; ck:'. a?z,ludca aoletasE?bIe boÃ?1alcev1~. t,g., a t.#t;rape _,m: ageÃtt, &'iig, f?r a ='_S} .titi4'f,'', o+:)mpoutld., such c,E.'.~ desL,Ilbt'.Sl .3 P<1tC:lt Ntx. 5,6?`4., ? ? ~~_ U.S.
AppsÃcai..>: No. ts9~~~~955,415, fileo, July 2, 2001. aind T_ .;;.
:kp~~~ca:t#on 'No. 10; 2-?2,265_ fil,`'.fs A`xtf'aist _?#:, 2002. The thtrÃ"'sl~"+~k..~tEC: s geIl$:~, drugs, i#' p}3c$#7a'r.Ãci.tit?a.'ci1.` Z active i:om,`t?tl?d., can f:'~ludL fo C:xa.3pl<s anti-proliferative i,z `i:'z`ts, t,~¾l:s:'4~~~:.3~ , z?,t. ,2n'lla-?'"?lattirZ' i:lgeIl e:s, 1mmuli~..3s'uppis..s'5.'4e LE3.xq3i3't,TdS, a.3t.:st:'1el3i;
iy t.~#ii^S..i ~r a 'i.s t?f;~., o.~ .= ~'ti.r~t?l~a,r...lAnl~a ;~ ..1 t Ga~.1;:1.:
2 i Fg'~.i It~.3. and ~~a~t1Jii5~r H ir ~J~+.:;~I~ i:Ai~T~~f~~~~ ?1 ~~Ãt.
in.2..I..axel, pz..ml.i-nus and &..anieÃhasone, A . .3.#:i#:il3t',3' i?f .'.i=.bE3d1nnÃ7Ãits l1:<'l%.o been m:It'.scr1bE,d.
NLveifl"#3:;,:css. :t ~~ i;3.l be understood d'i%1t various i-notilficiati.5'3s 3a23:3y C9`' 1-mE:c w[t~i:io'Ã.It depazt,ng i_rt.?_3> 'Lho sp`.'ÃLaf~ad sctkps' of .hL' : 3..C;< sirc. AGcE?idÃF12 ] othci' z3'i' 3"vf h;]
thwSc2?po of fhe a I. 61low?,i3g u' a d:;s.
~ ~~
Claims (33)
1. A medical device having a body of interconnected bands and connectors forming an elongated tubular structure having an inner luminal wall surface and an outer abluminal wall surface and defining a central lumen or passageway, wherein said inner luminal wall surface and side wall surface of the bands and connectors forming transverse passageways through the elongated tubular structure bear a coating of hydrophilic material and said outer abluminal wall surface of the tubular structure bears a coating of hydrophobic material.
2. The medical device of claim 1, wherein at least one or more selected regions of the luminal and side wall surfaces bears a coating of hydrophilic material.
3. The medical device of claim 2, wherein the material is superhydrophilic.
4. The medical device of claim 1, wherein at least one or more selected regions of the abluminal wall surface bears a coating of hydrophobic material.
5. The medical device of claim 1, wherein the coating of the luminal, side and abluminal wall surfaces comprises titanium (+y) oxide (-x).
6. The medical device of claim 5, wherein the coating further comprises a layer of organic compound over titanium (+y) oxide (-x).
7. The medical device of claim 5, wherein the coating upon the abluminal wall surface further comprises a biomolecule.
8. The medical device of claim 7, wherein the coating further comprises a polymer.
9. The medical device of claim 5, wherein the coating upon the luminal and side wall surfaces further comprises a biomolecule.
10. A medical device having a body of interconnected bands and connectors forming an elongated tubular structure having an inner luminal wall surface and an outer abluminal wall surface and defining a central lumen or passageway, wherein said inner luminal wall surface and side wall surface of the bands and connectors forming transverse passageways through the elongated tubular structure bear a coating of hydrophobic material and said outer abluminal wall surface of the tubular structure bears a coating of hydrophilic material.
11. The medical device of claim 10, wherein at least one or more selected regions of the luminal and side wall surfaces bears a coating of hydrophobic material.
12. The medical device of claim 10, wherein at least one or more selected regions of the abluminal wall surface bears a coating of hydrophilic material.
13. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the material is superhydrophilic.
14. The medical device of claim 10, wherein the coating of the luminal, side and abluminal wall surface comprises titanium (+y) oxide (-x).
15. The medical device of claim 14, wherein the coating further comprises a layer of organic compound over titanium (+y) oxide (-x).
16. The medical device of claim 14, wherein the coating upon the abluminal wall surface further comprises a biomolecule.
17. The medical device of claim 14, wherein the coating upon the luminal and side wall surfaces further comprises a biomolecule.
18 18. The medical device of claim 17, wherein the coating further comprises a polymer.
19. A method of producing a medical device, the method comprising:
(i) coating wall surfaces of a medical device having a body of interconnected bands and connectors forming an elongated tubular structure having an inner luminal wall surface and an outer abluminal wall surface and defining a central lumen or passageway, wherein said inner luminal wall surface and side wall surface of the bands and connectors form transverse passageways through the elongated tubular structure with hydrophilic titanium (+y) oxide (-x);
(ii) exposing the medical device to conditions sufficient to cause the titanium (+y) oxide (-x) coating to become hydrophobic;
(iii) exposing selected surfaces of the medical device to conditions sufficient to cause the titanium (+y) oxide (-x) coating to become superhydrophilic; and (iv) coating the medical device in a first solution compatible with desired biomolecules.
(i) coating wall surfaces of a medical device having a body of interconnected bands and connectors forming an elongated tubular structure having an inner luminal wall surface and an outer abluminal wall surface and defining a central lumen or passageway, wherein said inner luminal wall surface and side wall surface of the bands and connectors form transverse passageways through the elongated tubular structure with hydrophilic titanium (+y) oxide (-x);
(ii) exposing the medical device to conditions sufficient to cause the titanium (+y) oxide (-x) coating to become hydrophobic;
(iii) exposing selected surfaces of the medical device to conditions sufficient to cause the titanium (+y) oxide (-x) coating to become superhydrophilic; and (iv) coating the medical device in a first solution compatible with desired biomolecules.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first solution comprises at least one polar solvent configured to adhere to hydrophilic surfaces of the medical device and at least one non-polar solvent configured to adhere to the hydrophobic surface of the medical device.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the solution further comprises at least one biomolecule compatible with at least one solvent.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the solution further comprises a polymer.
23. The method of claim 19, further comprising coating the medical device in a second solution compatible with desired biomolecules.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second solution is non-polar.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the second solution is polar.
26. The method of claim 23, wherein the second solution comprises a desired biomolecule.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the second solution comprises a polymer.
28. The method of claim 19, wherein further comprising coating the medical device of step (i) with a layer of organic compound.
29. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditions of step (ii) comprise placing the medical device in a dark environment.
30. The method of claim 19, wherein the conditions of step (iii) comprise illuminating the surfaces of the medical device that bear the titanium (+y) oxide (-x) coating with ultraviolet light.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein at least a region of the luminal and side wall surfaces that bear the coating is illuminated.
32. The method of claim 30, wherein at least a region of the abluminal wall surface that bears the coating is illuminated.
33. The method of claim 30, wherein step (iii) further comprises exposing at least a region of surfaces that have become superhydrophilic to conditions sufficient for the region to become hydrophobic.
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-
2007
- 2007-06-15 WO PCT/US2007/071317 patent/WO2008002778A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-06-15 CA CA002655793A patent/CA2655793A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-15 JP JP2009518446A patent/JP2009542359A/en active Pending
- 2007-06-15 EP EP07798624A patent/EP2032091A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-15 US US11/763,770 patent/US8771343B2/en active Active
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US8771343B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
WO2008002778A3 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
US20080004691A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
EP2032091A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
WO2008002778A2 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
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